CN105355525B - Fiber array cathode - Google Patents
Fiber array cathode Download PDFInfo
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- CN105355525B CN105355525B CN201510884443.6A CN201510884443A CN105355525B CN 105355525 B CN105355525 B CN 105355525B CN 201510884443 A CN201510884443 A CN 201510884443A CN 105355525 B CN105355525 B CN 105355525B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
- H01J23/02—Electrodes; Magnetic control means; Screens
- H01J23/04—Cathodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
- H01J25/34—Travelling-wave tubes; Tubes in which a travelling wave is simulated at spaced gaps
- H01J25/42—Tubes in which an electron stream interacts with a wave travelling along a delay line or equivalent sequence of impedance elements, and with a magnet system producing an H-field crossing the E-field
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fiber array cathode, and belongs to the field of a microwave source in the technical field of high-power microwaves. The fiber array cathode is formed by sleeving fiber bundle circumference arrays composed of porous array circular rings, U-shaped fiber bundles and circumference pads on a cathode substrate, wherein the two ends of each U-shaped fiber bundle are exposed at the side surface of a cathode to form a dense fiber array so as to replace velvet in a conventional cathode, the porous array circular rings have structural support and current conduction effects, and the dense fiber arrays formed by the fiber bundles mainly generate cathode plasma under the effect of a strong electric field and accordingly generate relativistic electron beams. The employed fiber bundles are generally carbon fiber bundles, glass fiber bundles or ceramic fiber bundles, or other materials with low emission thresholds and high temperature ablation resistance. Since the employed fiber bundle materials are better in high temperature ablation resistance than chemical fiber velvet in the conventional cathode, by use of the long-life fiber array cathode with the high temperature ablation resistance, the operation life of a MILO can be greatly prolonged.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of negative electrode, especially a kind of fiber array negative electrode, in belonging to High-Power Microwave technical field
Microwave source domain.
Background technology
MILO (Magnetically Insulated Transmission Line Oscillator,
MILO it is) a kind of important high-power microwave source, is one of focus of current high-power microwave source both at home and abroad research.Negative electrode is
The important component of MILO, good cathode design is that MILO obtains high performance premise.Traditional MILO typically uses chemical fibre
Swan shaped memory alloy, due to chemical fibre swan shaped memory alloy non-refractory ablation, therefore its service life is shorter.This is the restriction MILO long-lives
The main problem of operation.
Traditional compact MILO negative electrodes constitute (text by cathode block, conical section, lateral negative electrode, axial negative electrode and velvet
Offer 1：Fan Yuwei etc., the experimental study of modified MILO, plasma science, 2007, Vol.35 (4):
1075.Y.W.FAN, et al, Experimental investigation of an improved MILO, IEEE
Trans.Plasma Sci.,2007,Vol.35(4):1075), as shown in Figure 1.Fig. 1 is that traditional compact MILO negative electrodes are cutd open
View, 1 is cathode block in Fig. 1,2 is conical section, 3 is lateral negative electrode, 4 is axial negative electrode, 5 is velvet.Wherein velvet
It is fibers material, remaining is stainless steel material.For the convenience of narration, hereafter specify：One end where cathode block 1 is left end,
One end where axial negative electrode 4 is right-hand member.Its structure is with assembly relation：Cathode block 1 is cylindric, and right-hand member leaves screw；Cone
Shape 2 left ends of section are cylindrical shape, and external diameter is equal with the external diameter of cathode block 1.The left end of conical section 2 is threaded, and screws in the right-hand member of cathode block 1
In screw.The right-hand member of conical section 2 is the cumulative taper barrel structure of radius, inside and outside the interior outer radius of its low order end and lateral negative electrode 3
Radius difference is equal.Lateral negative electrode 3 is hollow cylinder, and it is whole that conical section 2 carries out integrated processing formation one with lateral negative electrode 3
Body.The lateral right-hand member of negative electrode 3 leaves screw.The right side of axial negative electrode 4 is discoid, and left side is threaded, and screws in the lateral right-hand member of negative electrode 3
Screw in.Velvet 5 is pasted as cathode emission material with the outer surface of axial negative electrode 4 in lateral negative electrode 3.
When using, negative electrode is placed in vacuum chamber, there is high voltage between anode.Under action of high voltage, velvet is fine
The tip of dimension can produce cathode plasma, and then produce relativistic electron beam, form high current.Cathode plasma temperature leads to
Often up to more than 1000 degrees Celsius, temperature so high can cause the tip of chemical fibre swan Down Fiber to be bent because of ablation.Bending
Swan Down Fiber cause the decline of the uniformity and emissivities of its launching electronics beam again, and then under causing microwave source performance
Drop.As can be seen here, the velvet significant drawbacks of fibers material are exactly the poor (document 2 of ablation resistance：Yu-Wei Fan,et
al,Repetition rate operation of an improved magnetically insulated
transmission line oscillator；Physics of Plasmas,2008,Vol.15(8):083102).Fig. 2 institutes
Show the electronic scanner microscope picture for being chemical fibre swan Down Fiber before work, be that chemical fibre swan Down Fiber is working shown in Fig. 3
Electronic scanner microscope picture after 200 pulses, it can be seen that chemical fibre swan Down Fiber becomes due to ablation after work
Bend, and uniformity is also deteriorated.
The advantage of chemical fibre swan shaped memory alloy is good fine hair uniformity, therefore emission current is uniform, has the disadvantage high temperature resistant ablation
Property it is poor, and the high temperature resistant ablation property of carbon fiber, glass fibre, ceramic fibre is good, but at present to carbon fiber, glass fibre,
The flocking technology of ceramic fibre is also immature, can't plant carbon fiber velvet, the glass for reach chemical fibre velvet uniformity
Fiber velvet or ceramic fibre velvet.Chinese patent application《A kind of disk array cathode》(document 3：A kind of disk array
Negative electrode [P], Fan Yuwei etc., patent of invention, application number：201510423394.6) carbon fiber, glass fibre high temperature resistant be make use of
The good advantage of ablation property, but carbon cloth or glass fabric soft texture that medium disk is used are made, in system
It is easily deformed during work, therefore the medium disk made is frequently not that strict annular shape (produces strict annular
The medium disk of shape has compared with great difficulty), this has certain influence for the Fiber Uniformity of cathode side, thus can be to launching
The quality of the electron beam for coming has certain influence, is eventually unfavorable for improving the overall performance of MILO.
Therefore a kind of novel cathode structure is designed, from the good cathode material of high temperature resistant ablation property, is allowed to have resistance to height concurrently
The ablative good and good advantage of uniformity of temperature, makes negative electrode have the electronic beam current of long-life and transmitting uniform, improves the work of MILO
Make efficiency and extend the service life of MILO, for the engineer applied process for advancing High Power Microwave System, expand answering for MILO
Had broad application prospects and important scientific research value with field.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is：A kind of fiber array negative electrode is designed, the ablation resistance of cathode material is improved
Can, extend the service life of MILO.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is：
Compared with conventional cathode, a kind of fiber array negative electrode of the invention mainly by will one by one by porous array annulus,
" U " fiber type beam, the fibre bundle circumference array of circumference pad composition are enclosed within cathode substrate and constitute, its " U " fiber type beam two ends
The exposed side in negative electrode forms intensive fiber array, instead of the velvet in conventional cathode.Wherein, porous array annulus rises
To the effect that structural support and electric current conduct, the compacted fibers array that fibre bundle is formed is mainly at highfield (hundreds of kV/cm)
Effect is lower to produce cathode plasma, and then produces relativistic electron beam.The fibre bundle for being used is generally carbon fiber bundle, glass
Fibre bundle or ceramic fibre beam, or other transmitting threshold values are low and material of high temperature resistant ablation, use fibre bundle soft texture,
Easily curve it.By used tow material than the chemical fibre velvet in conventional cathode more resistant to high temperature ablation, therefore make the moon
Pole service life is longer.The operation longevity of MILO is greatly improved using the long-life fiber array negative electrode of this high temperature resistant ablation
Life.
Following technique effect can be reached using the present invention：
(1) present invention can improve negative electrode high temperature resistant it is ablative, improve the life-span of negative electrode to tens thousand of pulses.Compared to biography
For system negative electrode, cathode life can improve two orders of magnitude, so as to greatly prolong the working life of MILO；
(2) fiber array negative electrode of the present invention can be launched and common chemical fibre swan shaped memory alloy uniformity identical
Electron beam, it is ensured that the technical performance of MILO devices is not reduced.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：The chemical fibre swan shaped memory alloy that the big traditional compact MILO announced in document 1 of Fan Yu are used in background technology
Sectional view；
Fig. 2：The electron scanning of Yu-Wei Fan chemical fibre swan Down Fibers before the work that document 2 is announced shows in background technology
Micro mirror picture；
Fig. 3：Yu-Wei Fan chemical fibre swan Down Fibers after the subpulse of work 200 that document 2 is announced in background technology
Electronic scanner microscope picture；
Fig. 4：Fiber array negative electrode of the present invention along central axis sectional view；
Fig. 5：The right view of fibre bundle circumference array and the sectional view along central axis；
Fig. 6：The right view of porous array annulus 4 and the sectional view along central axis；
Fig. 7：The assembling flow path figure of fibre bundle circumference array.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment of the invention is described further below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 4 is sectional view of the fiber array negative electrode of the present invention along central axis, and cathode loop is around axisymmetrical.Fiber of the present invention
Array cathode is by cathode block 1, conical section 2, cathode substrate 3, porous array annulus 4, " U " fiber type beam 5, circumference pad 6, negative electrode
Cap 7 is constituted, porous array annulus 4, " U " fiber type beam 5, circumference pad 6 composition fibre bundle circumference array.Wherein " U " fiber type
Beam 5 is generally carbon fiber bundle, glass fiber bundle or ceramic fibre beam, or other transmitting threshold values are low and material of high temperature resistant ablation
Make, other parts are made using stainless steel material.
Its structure is as follows with assembly relation：
For the convenience of narration, hereafter specify：One end where cathode block 1 is left end, and the one end where cathode cap 7 is the right side
End.The structure of fiber array negative electrode is as follows with assembly relation：Cathode block 1 is the cylinder of a diameter of Ф 1, and right-hand member is provided with a diameter of
The screw of Ф 2, the ＜ Ф 1 of Ф 2；Conical section 2 is made up of one section of cylinder and one section of cumulative round platform of radius, the left end band of cylinder
There is one section of screw rod, screw rod can be screwed in the screw of the right-hand member of cathode block 1；The diameter of cylinder is equal to the diameter Ф 1 of cathode block 1, half
The diameter of the cumulative round platform left end in footpath is equal to the diameter (being also equal to the diameter Ф 1 of cathode block 1) of cylinder, a diameter of Ф of round platform right-hand member
3, Ф 1 ＜ Ф 3；A screw of a diameter of Ф 4, the ＜ Ф 3 of 1 ＜ Ф of Ф 4 are dug out in the right-hand member of the cumulative round platform of radius；Cathode substrate 3
For an external diameter is Ф 4, internal diameter is the hollow cylinder of Ф 5, and its left end is machined with external screw thread, and right-hand member is machined with internal thread, negative electrode base
The left end external screw thread of bottom 3 can be screwed in the screw that the right-hand member of conical section 2 is opened, and keeps coaxial relation with cathode block 1 and conical section 2.
Fig. 5 is the right view and the sectional view along central axis of fibre bundle circumference array, and fibre bundle circumference array is by more
Hole array annulus 4, " U " fiber type beam 5, circumference pad 6 are constituted；" U " fiber type beam 5 is higher than the excircle of porous array annulus 4
Go out the height of H (1mm≤H≤5mm).Fig. 6 is the right view and the sectional view along central axis of porous array annulus 4, porous
Array annulus 4 is that an external diameter is that Ф 6, internal diameter is that Ф 7, thickness is the metal ring of d1, and external diameter Ф 6 is straight with the low order end of conical section 2
Footpath Ф 3 is equal, and internal diameter Ф 7 is equal with the external diameter Ф 4 of cathode substrate 3；Two row's diameters are provided with the inside of porous array annulus 4 to be
The radial hole of Ф 8, radial hole is along the circumferential direction symmetrically arranged；Porous array annulus 4 inwall dig have an a width of d2,
Depth is the groove of s, 2 Ф 8<d2<d1；Fibre bundle of the present invention is generally carbon fiber bundle, glass fiber bundle or ceramics
Fibre bundle, or other transmitting threshold values are low and material of high temperature resistant ablation, soft texture is easily curved required shape；Circle
All pads 6 are that an internal diameter is that Ф 7, width is the metal ring of d2, and its thickness is slightly larger than s- Ф 8.
The assembling flow path of fibre bundle circumference array is as shown in Figure 7.The assembling process of fibre bundle circumference array is as follows：First by fibre
Dimension beam is cut into diameter and is slightly less than Ф 8, and length is the cylindrical fiber beam of L, L>2(Ф6-Ф7)；By one end of the fibre bundle
Penetrated from a circular hole of porous array annulus 4, then passed from another circular hole axially arranged side by side with it, the fiber after passing
Beam two ends are exposed in the outside of porous array annulus 4, and two ends reserve fibre bundle of the length more than H；" U " type is all put in all holes
After fibre bundle, circumference pad 6 is embedded in the inboard groove of porous array annulus 4, is used to fix " U " fiber type beam 5；Most
Afterwards, the inconsistent fibre bundle of the exposed length in the outside of porous array annulus 4 is trimmed.Cathode cap 7 is by two sections of cylinders
Composition, the wherein diameter Ф 9 of first paragraph cylinder is equal to the internal diameter Ф 5 of cathode substrate 3, and external screw thread is machined with thereon, can screw in
In the internal thread of the right-hand member of cathode substrate 3；Second segment cylinder diameter Ф 10 is equal to the external diameter Ф 6 of porous array annulus 4.In the back of the body
In scape technology, the effect of axial negative electrode is one load current of transmitting.If by the right-hand member length proper extension of lateral negative electrode with
Transmitting load current, can replace the effect of axial negative electrode.Therefore, axial negative electrode stated in the background be not can not
Few.In order that structure is simplified, fiber array negative electrode of the present invention eliminates axial negative electrode, with 7 anchoring fibers of cathode cap
The effect of beam circumference array；An aperture of a diameter of Ф 11 is provided with the center of cathode cap simultaneously, is vacuumized when easy to use
During by inside negative electrode residual gas extract out.
During assembling, during the screw rod of the left end of conical section 2 to screw in the screw of the right-hand member of cathode block 1 first, then by cathode substrate 3
Left end is screwed into the screw that the right-hand member of conical section 2 is opened；Afterwards multiple by porous array annulus 4, " U " fiber type beam 5,
The fibre bundle circumference array (the present embodiment be 7) of the composition of circumference pad 6 is enclosed within cathode substrate 3, finally by the of cathode cap 7
One section of cylinder screws in the right-hand member of cathode substrate 3, and fibre bundle circumference array is compacted to fix.
Fiber array negative electrode of the present invention operationally, due in every mass of fibers beam include many tiny fibers
Silk, after plus high voltage, tiny filament can take electrostatic, can be due to electrostatic interaction between such adjacent fiber silk
Mutually exclusive, the exposed filament in the outside of porous array annulus 4 can be diverged and so that uniformly covering is whole cloudy for filament
The side of pole, so as to the uniform launching electronics beam of energy in high voltage.Therefore the existing hair of fiber array negative electrode of the present invention
Radio stream uniformly has the advantages that high temperature resistant is ablative good again, on the premise of not dropped in guarantee MILO device technique performances, greatly
Width improves its service life.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of fiber array negative electrode, it is characterised in that：The negative electrode by cathode block (1), conical section (2), cathode substrate (3),
Porous array annulus (4), " U " fiber type beam (5), circumference pad (6), cathode cap (7) composition, the porous array annulus (4),
" U " fiber type beam (5), circumference pad (6) composition fibre bundle circumference array, the structure of the negative electrode are as follows with assembly relation：
Cathode block (1) is the cylinder of a diameter of Ф 1, and right-hand member is provided with the screw of a diameter of Ф 2, the ＜ Ф 1 of Ф 2；Conical section (2) by
One section of cylinder and the cumulative round platform composition of one section of radius, the left end of cylinder carry one section of screw rod, and screw rod can screw in cathode block
(1) in the screw of right-hand member；The diameter of cylinder is equal to the diameter Ф 1 of cathode block (1), and the diameter of the cumulative round platform left end of radius is equal to
The diameter of cylinder, round platform right-hand member a diameter of Ф 3, Ф 1 ＜ Ф 3；An a diameter of Ф 4 is dug out in the right-hand member of the cumulative round platform of radius
Screw, the ＜ Ф 3 of 1 ＜ Ф of Ф 4；Cathode substrate (3) is Ф 4 for an external diameter, and internal diameter is the hollow cylinder of Ф 5, and its left end is machined with
External screw thread, right-hand member is machined with internal thread, and cathode substrate (3) left end external screw thread can be screwed in the screw that conical section (2) right-hand member is opened,
And keep coaxial relation with cathode block (1) and conical section (2)；
Porous array annulus (4) is an external diameter for Ф 6, internal diameter is that Ф 7, thickness is the metal ring of d1, external diameter Ф 6 and conical section
(2) low order end diameter Ф 3 is equal, and internal diameter Ф 7 is equal with cathode substrate (3) external diameter Ф 4；In the inside of porous array annulus (4)
The radial hole that two row's diameters are Ф 8 is provided with, radial hole is along the circumferential direction symmetrically arranged；In porous array annulus (4)
Inwall digs the groove for having an a width of d2, depth to be s, 2 Ф 8<d2<d1；Circumference pad (6) is that Ф 7, width is d2 for an internal diameter
Metal ring, its thickness be more than s- Ф 8；
The assembling process of fibre bundle circumference array is as follows：Fibre bundle is first cut into diameter less than Ф 8, length is cylindric for L's
Fibre bundle, L>2(Ф6-Ф7)；One end of fibre bundle is penetrated from a circular hole of porous array annulus (4), then from its
Axially another circular hole arranged side by side is passed, and the fibre bundle two ends after passing are exposed in porous array annulus (4) outside, and two ends reserve
Fibre bundle of the length more than H, and 1mm≤H≤5mm；After " U " fiber type beam (5) is all put in all holes, in porous array
The inboard groove of annulus (4) is embedded in circumference pad (6), is used to " U " fiber type beam (5) is fixed；Finally, by exposed porous
The inconsistent fibre bundle of length on the outside of array annulus (4) is trimmed；
Cathode cap (7) is made up of two sections of cylinders, and the wherein diameter Ф 9 of first paragraph cylinder is equal to the internal diameter of cathode substrate (3)
Ф 5, is machined with external screw thread thereon, in can screwing in the internal thread of cathode substrate (3) right-hand member；Second segment cylinder diameter Ф 10 is equal to
The external diameter Ф 6 of porous array annulus (4)；
During assembling, during the screw rod of conical section (2) left end to screw in the screw of cathode block (1) right-hand member first, then by cathode substrate
(3) during left end screws into the screw that conical section (2) right-hand member is opened；Afterwards multiple by porous array annulus (4), " U " type
Fibre bundle (5), the fibre bundle circumference array of circumference pad (6) composition are enclosed within cathode substrate (3), finally by cathode cap (7)
First paragraph cylinder screws in cathode substrate (3) right-hand member, and fibre bundle circumference array is compacted to fix.
2. a kind of fiber array negative electrode as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that：" U " the fiber type beam (5) is carbon fiber
Beam, glass fiber bundle or ceramic fibre beam, low by other transmitting threshold values and material of high temperature resistant ablation makes, cathode block (1), cone
Shape section (2), cathode substrate (3), porous array annulus (4), circumference pad (6), cathode cap (7) use stainless steel material system
Make.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510884443.6A CN105355525B (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2015-12-03 | Fiber array cathode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201510884443.6A CN105355525B (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2015-12-03 | Fiber array cathode |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105355525A CN105355525A (en) | 2016-02-24 |
| CN105355525B true CN105355525B (en) | 2017-05-24 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN201510884443.6A Active CN105355525B (en) | 2015-12-03 | 2015-12-03 | Fiber array cathode |
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Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109830416A (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2019-05-31 | 长沙魔豆智能科技有限公司 | A kind of electron emitter and magnetron |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102436997A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-05-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Carbon fiber cathode emitting large area uniform electron beams and preparation method thereof |
| EP2747118A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | Thales | Cathode for electromagnetic wave generator with mutually mobile regions |
| CN105118764A (en) * | 2015-07-18 | 2015-12-02 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Wafer array cathode |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005056785A (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2005-03-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Magnetron |
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2015
- 2015-12-03 CN CN201510884443.6A patent/CN105355525B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102436997A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-05-02 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Carbon fiber cathode emitting large area uniform electron beams and preparation method thereof |
| EP2747118A1 (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | Thales | Cathode for electromagnetic wave generator with mutually mobile regions |
| CN105118764A (en) * | 2015-07-18 | 2015-12-02 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Wafer array cathode |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| "Experimental investigation of an improved MILO";Yu-Wei Fan et al.;《Transactions on plasma science》;20070831;第35卷(第4期);全文 * |
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