CN105350799A - 一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔 - Google Patents
一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105350799A CN105350799A CN201510885271.4A CN201510885271A CN105350799A CN 105350799 A CN105350799 A CN 105350799A CN 201510885271 A CN201510885271 A CN 201510885271A CN 105350799 A CN105350799 A CN 105350799A
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- Prior art keywords
- steel
- hyperbola
- cooling tower
- air cooling
- cable
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229920002456 HOTAIR Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Abstract
一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔，钢质网状绗架的外轮廓为单叶双曲线旋转曲面，铝质蒙皮构成的筒体安装在钢质网状绗架内，筒体的外轮廓同样为单叶双曲线旋转曲面，所述双曲线筒体内安装有数层放射状张力钢缆。所述放射状张力钢缆主要由中心张力环、钢缆、第一钢缆索、销钉构成；该中心张力环为环状构件，其包括上、下部张力环板，该上、下部张力环板之间固接环形腹板，而环形腹板的外周柱面上等角度固接拉板；钢缆的一端与第一钢缆索固接，而第一钢缆索和拉板用销钉绞接，该钢缆的另一端与第二钢缆索固接，第二钢缆索的连接在所述钢质网状绗架上。本发明解决了超大型双曲线空冷塔抗震弱、塔高受限、换热性能不佳的问题。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于热交换器设计与制造技术领域，具体涉及一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔。
背景技术
[0002] 在电厂设备中，汽轮机是现代火力发电厂、核电站中应用最广泛的原动机，它是一种以蒸汽为动力的机械。具有热势能的过热蒸汽经管道引入汽轮机后，高速流动的蒸汽推动汽轮机转子转动，从而将热势能转变成机械能。释放出热能的蒸汽从排气口排出，称之为热介质。热介质是一种没有被污染的低温蒸汽，它是自来水经加热、汽化、做功后而得的软化水，这种软化水纯净度高，不含任何杂质，因此不会在锅炉内结垢，也不会在汽轮机上结垢。软化水制备复杂，价格较贵，因此回收这种软化水具有重要的经济价值。特别是对建在富煤缺水地区的电厂而言，意义尤为重要。用冷却塔冷却热介质，回收软化水是最经济有效的途径，因此冷却塔的建设成为软化水回收的当务之急。
[0003] 大型电厂采用的冷却塔多为双曲线型、钢筋混凝土结构，在国外，英国最早使用这种冷却塔。20世纪30年代以来，这种冷却塔在很多国家都得到了广泛的应用。我国40年代在抚顺电厂、阜新电厂也先后建成双曲线型冷却塔群。这种冷却塔由于自身建筑重量大、占地面积大、结构笨重，因而建造周期长，同时能耗大、可靠性差。因而近年来出现了双曲线钢筋绗架结构冷却塔，如专利201110330021.6。该冷却塔一改传统钢筋混凝土的笨重结构，采用绗架外支撑加玻璃钢内壁结构，从而使自己身姿矫健，同时可靠性也得到了提高。但是该冷却塔高度低为150m，自身的刚度差、难以抵御诸如大风、地震等的恶劣气候，同时它沿袭了钢筋混凝土冷却塔内部的加强环，使得其热工性能大大降低。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明提供一种热工性能良好，同时充分保证双曲线冷却塔结构的稳定性、使用的可靠性及安全性的一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔。
[0005] 为此，所采用的技术方案为:
一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔，钢质网状绗架的外轮廓为单叶双曲线旋转曲面，铝质蒙皮构成的筒体安装在钢质网状绗架内，筒体的外轮廓同样为单叶双曲线旋转曲面，所述双曲线筒体内安装有数层放射状张力钢缆。
[0006] 所述放射状张力钢缆主要由中心张力环、钢缆、第一钢缆索、销钉构成；该中心张力环为环状构件，其包括上、下部张力环板，该上、下部张力环板之间固接环形腹板，而环形腹板的外周柱面上等角度固接拉板；钢缆的一端与第一钢缆索固接，而第一钢缆索和拉板用销钉绞接，该钢缆的另一端与第二钢缆索固接，第二钢缆索的连接在所述钢质网状绗架上。
[0007] 所述第二钢缆索的通过预紧装置连接在所述钢质网状绗架上。
[0008] 所述预紧装置主要由丝杠、螺母、销钉柱构成；该丝杠的两端分别安装在第二钢缆索及销钉柱上后用螺母固定；而销钉柱安装于支座上，该支座安装在所述钢质网状绗架上。
[0009] 所述上、下部张力环板、环形腹板、拉板、销钉、第一钢缆索均由钢铁材料制成。
[0010] 所述钢质网状绗架由右、左倾斜拉杆、水平拉杆及节点连接器构成；该节点连接器为六角柱状构件，其每一角所在面都能与各个杆件相连接；所述右、左倾斜拉杆和水平拉杆通过节点连接器连接并构成双曲线钢质网状绗架。
[0011] 所述右、左倾斜拉杆、水平拉杆的横截面为圆钢、槽钢、工字钢或空心钢管；节点连接器为钢铁材料制造。
[0012] 所述双曲线筒体底部圆周上安装有热交换器，该热交换器位于钢质网状绗架的内侧或外侧，所述铝质蒙皮构成的筒体底部置于热交换器的安装高度之上；热介质通过管道进入热交换器的一程、为热侧，冷空气则进入热交换器的另一程、为冷侧，冷热介质通过热交换器进行热量交换，从而使热介质的温度降低，进而通过热侧出口流出热交换器；此时该双曲线筒体即为热交换器热侧出口，换热后的冷空气在塔内自然上升，最终从钢结构双曲线空冷塔顶部排放而出。
[0013] 本发明由钢质网状绗架、放射状张力钢缆构成支撑系统，其结构的强度高、刚度变形小、稳定性好；铝质蒙皮构成的筒体，流体阻力小、空气流通顺畅，为自然送风，因而节能；而放射状分布的张力钢缆对流体的热工性能的影响几乎不计，因而热工性能良好；钢结构双曲线空冷塔的圆度由预紧装置来调节，通过预紧装置的调节可以均匀地分配内力，避免了个别杆件的受力超出许用极限的情况，从而确保了整个钢结构双曲线空冷塔抵御外力的能力。本发明所用的水为封闭环境、内循环流动，损耗几近为零，因而节水效果明显。
[0014] 本发明可以应用在核电、热电、石油、石化、煤化工、味精、食品、轻工等行业的超大型空冷式热交换器上，可应用于循环水冷却，可以代替凉水塔。
附图说明
[0015]图1为本发明具有一层放射状张力钢缆的结构示意图；
图2为本发明放射状张力钢缆俯视结构示意图；
图3为本发明中心张力环立体结构示意图；
图4为本发明预紧装置的安装示意图。
具体实施方式
[0016] 下面结合附图对本发明及其效果进一步说明。
[0017] 参照图1，一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔，其外轮廓为单叶双曲线旋转曲面，其水平截面为圆，底部直径最大，顶部直径较小，最小直径位于中上部，塔的高度可超过250米，是一种超大型的构筑物。结构如此庞大，自重、地震、风荷载和温度应力就成为开发设计时必须考虑的主要载荷。
[0018] 基于上述，本发明提供的一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔，由钢质网状绗架、放射状张力钢缆构成本发明结构的主要支撑系统，铝质蒙皮构成的双曲线筒体为热交换器热侧的出口，它是换热后空气流通的通道。
[0019] 参照图2、3，所述放射状张力钢缆主要由中心张力环5、钢缆6、第一钢缆索505构成。中心张力环5采用钢铁材料制造而成，中心张力环5为环状构件，中心张力环5由上部张力环板501、下部张力环板502、环形腹板503、拉板504等构成，环形腹板503的截面为空心圆钢，为保证中心张力环的强度，首先将拉板504的一端焊在环形腹板503筒体上，拉板504沿环形腹板503的圆周面等角度分布，然后将所有拉板504的上下端面分别焊接在上部张力环板501及下部张力环板502上。拉板504上开孔，该孔是销钉507的安装孔。钢缆6的一端穿过第一钢缆索505，并与钢缆索505连接为一体，该钢缆6的另一端与第二钢缆索12连接为一体，第二钢缆索12的另一端连接在所述钢质网状绗架上。
[0020] 放射状张力钢缆通过等角度布置的钢缆6安装在钢质网状绗架的水平面上，这样的安装，主要基于风载下，考虑双曲线空冷塔的刚度，同时不能对双曲线空冷塔内空气的流动造成任何影响，而我们知道双曲线空冷塔内空气的流动主要集中在内壁附近。一般情况下，放射状张力钢缆安装的层数，由双曲线空冷塔安装地区的最大风载、地震烈度来确定，考虑到双曲线空冷塔制造的经济性，张力钢缆安装的层数力求最少。
[0021] 参照图4，所述预紧装置主要由丝杠11、螺母13、销钉柱14构成；该丝杠11的一端安装在第二钢缆索12上，另一端穿过铝制蒙皮的筒体后安装在销钉柱14上，之后丝杠11的两端用螺母13固定；而销钉柱14安装于支座15上，该支座15安装在所述钢质网状绗架上并为固定部件；螺母13可绕丝杠11旋转，带动第二钢缆索12移动，从而达到调节钢缆6的目的。钢结构双曲线空冷塔的圆度由预紧装置来调节，通过预紧装置的调节可以均匀地分配内力，避免个别杆件的受力出现超出许用极限的情况，从而确保了整个钢结构双曲线空冷塔抵御外力的能力；预紧装置的所有部件由钢铁材料制成。
[0022] 所述钢质网状绗架由右、左倾斜拉杆1、3、水平拉杆2及节点连接器4构成。节点连接器4为六角柱状构件，它的每一角所在面上都能与各个杆件相连，右、左倾斜拉杆1、3和水平拉杆2通过节点连接器4连接并构成整体的双曲线钢质网状绗架。为保证此结构有足够的强度，右、左倾斜拉杆1、3、水平拉杆2材质采用钢铁材料加工，其截面为圆钢、槽钢、工字钢、空心钢管等形状。绗架通过铆接、焊接、螺栓连接等加工方式连接在一起。
[0023] 所述双曲线筒体底部圆周上安装有热交换器，该热交换器位于钢质网状绗架的内侧或外侧，所述铝质蒙皮构成的筒体底部置于热交换器的安装高度之上；热介质通过管道进入热交换器的一程、为热侧，冷空气则进入热交换器的另一程、为冷侧，冷热介质通过热交换器进行热量交换，从而使热介质的温度降低，进而通过热侧出口流出热交换器；此时该双曲线筒体即为热交换器热侧出口通道，换热后的冷空气在塔内自然上升，同时对底部空间构成自然“抽风”状态(烟囱效应)。随着其在塔内的上升，塔体管径变小，因而热空气的流速加快，到达最细部位时，热空气的体积受到压缩，故压力增加，含热能力也随之也增加，到了最上部，管径再次扩大，已携带了大量热量的空气由于速度减慢，压力减小，最终将所含的热量释放出来形成白色的水蒸气。
[0024] 考虑到风载及对介质流动所造成的影响，铝质蒙皮采用光滑的铝质板材加工而成。铝质蒙皮外轮廓同样为单叶双曲线旋转曲面。另外，双曲线形的内部构造有利于冷却效果的充分发挥，底部的大圆周可以最大限度地使冷空气进入塔内。
Claims (8)
1.一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔，钢质网状绗架的外轮廓为单叶双曲线旋转曲面，铝质蒙皮构成的筒体安装在钢质网状绗架内，筒体的外轮廓同样为单叶双曲线旋转曲面，其特征在于:所述双曲线筒体内安装有数层放射状张力钢缆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔，其特征在于:所述放射状张力钢缆主要由中心张力环(5)、钢缆(6)、第一钢缆索(505)、销钉(507)构成；该中心张力环(5)为环状构件，其包括上、下部张力环板(501、502)，该上、下部张力环板(501、502)之间固接环形腹板(503)，而环形腹板(503)的外周柱面上等角度固接拉板(504);钢缆(6)的一端与第一钢缆索(505)固接，而第一钢缆索(505)和拉板(504)用销钉(507)绞接，该钢缆(6)的另一端与第二钢缆索(12)固接，第二钢缆索(12)连接在所述钢质网状绗架上。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔，其特征在于:所述第二钢缆索(12)通过预紧装置连接在所述钢质网状绗架上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔，其特征在于:所述预紧装置主要由丝杠(11)、螺母(13)、销钉柱(14)构成；该丝杠(11)的两端分别安装在第二钢缆索(12)及销钉柱(14)上后用螺母(13)固定；而销钉柱(14)安装于支座(15)上，该支座(15)安装在所述钢质网状绗架上。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔，其特征在于:所述上、下部张力环板(501、502 )、环形腹板(503 )、拉板(504)、销钉(507 )、第一钢缆索(505 )均由钢铁材料制成。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔，其特征在于:所述钢质网状绗架由右、左倾斜拉杆(1、3)、水平拉杆(2)及节点连接器(4)构成；该节点连接器(4)为六角柱状构件，其每一角所在面都能与各个杆件相连接；所述右、左倾斜拉杆(1、3)和水平拉杆(2 )通过节点连接器(4 )连接并构成双曲线钢质网状绗架。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔，其特征在于:所述右、左倾斜拉杆(1、3)、水平拉杆(2)的横截面为圆钢、槽钢、工字钢或空心钢管；节点连接器(4)为钢铁材料制造。
8.根据权利要求7所述的一种钢结构双曲线空冷塔，其特征在于:所述双曲线筒体底部圆周上安装有热交换器，该热交换器位于钢质网状绗架的内侧或外侧，所述铝质蒙皮构成的筒体底部置于热交换器的安装高度之上；热介质通过管道进入热交换器的一程、为热侦牝冷空气则进入热交换器的另一程、为冷侧，冷热介质通过热交换器进行热量交换，从而使热介质的温度降低，进而通过热侧出口流出热交换器；此时该双曲线筒体即为热交换器热侧出口，换热后的冷空气在塔内自然上升，最终从钢结构双曲线空冷塔顶部排放而出。
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