CN105349203A - 一种以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤 - Google Patents

一种以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤 Download PDF

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CN105349203A
CN105349203A CN201510718330.9A CN201510718330A CN105349203A CN 105349203 A CN105349203 A CN 105349203A CN 201510718330 A CN201510718330 A CN 201510718330A CN 105349203 A CN105349203 A CN 105349203A
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biomass fuel
parts
charing
coal
base material
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江东
黄天
梁君祚
梁承悍
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GUANGXI KUONENGBA ENERGY TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD.
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Guangxi Guisheng New Energy Science & Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，包括以下重量份的原料：无烟煤49～59％、炭化生物质燃料粉末30～36％、助燃剂0.5～12％，粘结剂9～14％；所述炭化生物质燃料粉末由以下原料按重量份配比经炭化制成：桉树皮50～72份、松树枝15～20份、稻草15～22份、花生壳15～20份、玉米秸秆15～20份、甘蔗叶5～10份。所述型煤采用了无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料粉末的结合，挥发物含量低，无需使用固硫剂，节能环保。

Description

一种以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤
技术领域
本发明涉及型煤领域，特别是涉及一种以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤。
背景技术
型煤是指以适当的工艺和设备，将具有一定粒度组成的粉煤加工成一定形状、尺寸、强度及理化特性的人工“块煤”；型煤具有工艺简单、投资少、成本低，且能取得提升燃煤品质、提高燃烧效率、降低燃煤污染等优势，因此作为燃料在人们日常生活和工业生产中得到广泛应用。随着经济的持续高速发展，对煤的需求和消费不断增加，由此引起的环境问题也越来越突出。每年我国排放的废气中，烟尘排放量约1478万吨，二氧化硫排放量1891万吨，其中90％来自煤的燃烧，为解决因燃煤造成的大气环境污染问题，发展高效、环保煤技术势在必行。
生物质燃料，一般主要是指农林废弃物(如秸秆、锯末、甘蔗渣、稻糠等)，虽然其是大量可直接取用的废弃资源，符合废物再利用的环保趋势，但直接燃烧生物质属于高污染燃料，且用生物质燃料制成的型煤，往往存在燃烧的不充分，因此发热量较低。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，节能环保，解决了燃烧不充分、发热量低的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案为：
一种以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，包括以下重量份的原料：无烟煤49～59％、炭化生物质燃料粉末30～36％、助燃剂0.5～12％，粘结剂9～14％；其中，炭化生物质燃料粉末包括以下重量份的原料，经炭化制成：桉树皮50～72份、松树枝15～20份、稻草15～22份、花生壳15～20份、玉米秸秆15～20份、甘蔗叶5～10份。
所述以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，优选包括以下重量份的原料：无烟煤54％、炭化生物质燃料粉末34％、助燃剂1％、粘结剂11％。
炭化生物质燃料粉末优选包括以下重量份的原料，经炭化制成：桉树皮61份、松树枝18份、稻草18份、花生壳17份、玉米秸秆18份、甘蔗叶8份。
优选地，所述粘结剂为黄腐酸钾、腐殖酸、羧甲基纤维素与水的混合物。
优选的，所述粘结剂由黄腐酸钾、腐殖酸、羧甲基纤维素和水按5:1:1:20的质量配比混合制成。
所述炭化生物质燃料粉末的优选制作工艺为：将原料放入炭化炉中，将桉树皮和松树枝铺在底层和顶层，中间层放入稻草、花生壳、玉米秸秆和甘蔗叶，点火燃烧，经过4～5天的炭化后，再将炭化后的燃料粉碎，过20～30目筛，即制得炭化生物质燃料粉末。
优选的，所述助燃剂为NaCl、NaNO3、Na2CO3、KNO3、KCl中的一种或多种的组合。
优选的，所述助燃剂由NaCl、NaNO3和KNO3按2:1:1的质量比组成。
以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，具有以下优势：
(1)经炭化后的生物质燃料，使用时不产生二氧化硫，且炭化后的生物质燃料去除了原料本身所带有的水分，从而提高了型煤燃烧时的发热量，解决了燃烧不充分的问题；
(2)采用了无烟煤，固定碳含量高，进一步提高了型煤燃烧时的发热量；
(3)无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料粉末的结合，挥发物含量低，无需使用固硫剂，节能环保，且全面提升了型煤的碳含量。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明，但本发明的保护范围和应用范围不限于以下实施例：
实施例1
一种以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，包括以下重量份的原料：无烟煤54％、炭化生物质燃料粉末34％、助燃剂1％、粘结剂11％。
炭化生物质燃料粉末包括以下重量份的原料，经炭化制成：桉树皮61份、松树枝18份、稻草18份、花生壳17份、玉米秸秆18份、甘蔗叶8份；炭化生物质燃料粉末的制作工艺为：将原料放入炭化炉中，将桉树皮和松树枝铺在底层和顶层，中间层放入稻草、花生壳、玉米秸秆和甘蔗叶，点火燃烧，经过4～5天的炭化后，再将炭化后的燃料粉碎，过20～30目筛，即制得炭化生物质燃料粉末。
其中，粘结剂由黄腐酸钾、腐殖酸、羧甲基纤维素和水按5:1:1:20的质量配比混合制成；助燃剂由NaCl、NaNO3和KNO3按2:1:1的质量比组成。
所述型煤的制备方法包括如下步骤：(1)先将水与黄腐酸钾、腐殖酸和羧甲基纤维素进行预混合，不停搅拌至其呈胶体状的粘结剂；(2)将粘结剂与无烟煤、炭化生物质燃料粉末、助燃剂混合均匀，经成型机冷压成型。
经测试，所述型煤燃烧后颗粒物排放浓度为15.8mg/m3，氮氧化物排放浓度为45.1mg/m3，二氧化硫排放浓度为48.2mg/m3，烟气黑度<1级，达到《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》GB13271-2014的要求。发热量为4738大卡/kg，抗压强度大于500N/个，浸水强度大于180N/个。
实施例2
一种以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，包括以下重量份的原料：无烟煤49％、炭化生物质燃料粉末36％、助燃剂2％、粘结剂13％。
炭化生物质燃料粉末包括以下重量份的原料，经炭化制成：桉树皮50份、松树枝20份、稻草22份、花生壳20份、玉米秸秆20份、甘蔗叶10份；炭化生物质燃料粉末的制作工艺为：将原料放入炭化炉中，将桉树皮和松树枝铺在底层和顶层，中间层放入稻草、花生壳、玉米秸秆和甘蔗叶，点火燃烧，经过4～5天的炭化后，再将炭化后的燃料粉碎，过20～30目筛，即制得炭化生物质燃料粉末。
其中，粘结剂由黄腐酸钾、腐殖酸、羧甲基纤维素和水按3:2:1:20的质量配比混合制成；助燃剂由NaCl和KCl按1:1的质量比组成。
所述型煤的制备方法包括如下步骤：(1)先将水与黄腐酸钾、腐殖酸和羧甲基纤维素进行预混合，不停搅拌至其呈胶体状的粘结剂；(2)将粘结剂与无烟煤、炭化生物质燃料粉末混合均匀，经成型机冷压成型。
经测试，所述型煤燃烧后颗粒物排放浓度为14.9mg/m3，氮氧化物排放浓度为43.9mg/m3，二氧化硫排放浓度为46.9mg/m3，烟气黑度<1级，达到《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》GB13271-2014的要求。发热量为4466大卡/kg，抗压强度大于505N/个，浸水强度大于183N/个。
实施例3
一种以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，包括以下重量份的原料：无烟煤60％、炭化生物质燃料粉末30％、助燃剂0.5％、粘结剂9.5％。
炭化生物质燃料粉末包括以下重量份的原料，经炭化制成：桉树皮72份、松树枝15份、稻草15份、花生壳15份、玉米秸秆15份、甘蔗叶5份；炭化生物质燃料粉末的制作工艺为：将原料放入炭化炉中，将桉树皮和松树枝铺在底层和顶层，中间层放入稻草、花生壳、玉米秸秆和甘蔗叶，点火燃烧，经过4～5天的炭化后，再将炭化后的燃料粉碎，过20～30目筛，即制得炭化生物质燃料粉末。
其中，粘结剂由黄腐酸钾、腐殖酸和羧甲基纤维素按2:5:1:20的质量配比混合制成；助燃剂由Na2CO3和KCl按1:2的质量比组成。
所述型煤的制备方法包括如下步骤：(1)先将水与黄腐酸钾、腐殖酸和羧甲基纤维素进行预混合，不停搅拌至其呈胶体状的粘结剂；(2)将粘结剂与无烟煤、炭化生物质燃料粉末混合均匀，经成型机冷压成型。
经测试，所述型煤燃烧后颗粒物排放浓度为17.8mg/m3，氮氧化物排放浓度为52.8mg/m3，二氧化硫排放浓度为55.9mg/m3，烟气黑度<1级，达到《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》GB13271-2014的要求。发热量为4751大卡/kg，抗压强度大于496N/个，浸水强度大于178N/个。

Claims (8)

1.一种以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，其特征在于：
包括以下重量份的原料：无烟煤49～59％、炭化生物质燃料粉末30～36％、助燃剂0.5～12％，粘结剂9～14％；
所述炭化生物质燃料粉末包括以下重量份的原料，经炭化制成：桉树皮50～72份、松树枝15～20份、稻草15～22份、花生壳15～20份、玉米秸秆15～20份、甘蔗叶5～10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，其特征在于：
包括以下重量份的原料：无烟煤54％、炭化生物质燃料粉末34％、助燃剂1％、粘结剂11％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，其特征在于：
所述炭化生物质燃料粉末包括以下重量份的原料，经炭化制成：桉树皮61份、松树枝18份、稻草18份、花生壳17份、玉米秸秆18份、甘蔗叶8份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，其特征在于：
所述粘结剂为黄腐酸钾、腐殖酸、羧甲基纤维素与水的混合物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，其特征在于：
所述黄腐酸钾、腐殖酸、羧甲基纤维素和水按5:1:1:20的质量配比混合制成。
6.根据权利要求1或3所述的以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，其特征在于：
所述炭化生物质燃料粉末的制作工艺为：将原料放入炭化炉中，将桉树皮和松树枝铺在底层和顶层，中间层放入稻草、花生壳、玉米秸秆和甘蔗叶，点火燃烧，经过4～5天的炭化后，再将炭化后的燃料粉碎，过20～30目筛，即制得炭化生物质燃料粉末。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，其特征在于：
所述助燃剂为NaCl、NaNO3、Na2CO3、KNO3、KCl中的一种或多种的组合。
8.根据权利要求7所述的以无烟煤和炭化生物质燃料为基材的型煤，其特征在于：
所述助燃剂由NaCl、NaNO3和KNO3按2:1:1的质量比组成。
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CN106047434A (zh) * 2016-06-28 2016-10-26 沈艳 一种机制无烟炭及其制备方法
CN106590800A (zh) * 2016-11-03 2017-04-26 明光市大全甜叶菊专业合作社 一种甜叶菊渣固体燃料及其制备方法
CN115418258A (zh) * 2022-09-14 2022-12-02 滁州智慧城市环保科技有限责任公司 一种锅炉结焦抑制剂及其制备方法

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CN101280236A (zh) * 2008-05-23 2008-10-08 肖国雄 一种清洁型煤及其快速生产方法
CN103396858A (zh) * 2013-08-21 2013-11-20 广西南宁市益荣新能源科技有限公司 一种生物质新型燃料的生产工艺

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CN101280236A (zh) * 2008-05-23 2008-10-08 肖国雄 一种清洁型煤及其快速生产方法
CN103396858A (zh) * 2013-08-21 2013-11-20 广西南宁市益荣新能源科技有限公司 一种生物质新型燃料的生产工艺

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106047434A (zh) * 2016-06-28 2016-10-26 沈艳 一种机制无烟炭及其制备方法
CN106590800A (zh) * 2016-11-03 2017-04-26 明光市大全甜叶菊专业合作社 一种甜叶菊渣固体燃料及其制备方法
CN115418258A (zh) * 2022-09-14 2022-12-02 滁州智慧城市环保科技有限责任公司 一种锅炉结焦抑制剂及其制备方法
CN115418258B (zh) * 2022-09-14 2024-03-22 滁州智慧城市环保科技有限责任公司 一种锅炉结焦抑制剂及其制备方法

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