CN105340900A - Method for safely controlling parasitic mites on osmia excavata alfken - Google Patents
Method for safely controlling parasitic mites on osmia excavata alfken Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of pesticide preparations, and in particular relates to a mite killing method for safely controlling parasitic mites on osmia excavata alfken. The method for safely controlling the parasitic mites on the osmia excavata alfken comprises the step of exposing osmia pupaes and/or bee tubes containing the parasitic mites to a mite-killing preparation of effective dosage, wherein the effective components of the mite-killing preparation comprise dicofol, pyridaben and propargite. The mite killing method is developed specially for safely controlling the parasitic mites on the osmia excavata alfken, and although the effective components of the preparation adopted by the method are all common acaricides in the prior art, a great reduction of a toxicity effect of the preparation on the osmia and the osmia pupaes is surprisingly discovered on the basis of further improving the specificity for the parasitic mites on the osmia excavata alfken after the preparation is subjected to matching and mutual influence, so the method is more suitable for safely controlling the parasitic mites on the osmia excavata alfken, and an unexpected technical effect is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of pesticide preparations, be specifically related to a kind of method of safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite.
Background technology
Wall honeybee belongs to Apoidea (Apoidea), Megachilidae (Megachilidae), wall honeybee genus (Osmia), the whole world about has more than 70 to plant kind, is the excellent insect pollinator of the products such as rose family fruit tree and kiwi fruit such as apple, pears, peach, cherry, apricot and Lee.Wall beekeeping equipment has movable morning in early spring, low temperature resistant, reproduction rate is high, scope of activities is little, pollination speed is fast, Pollination Effect good, the advantage of simple and convenient management.Utilize wall honeybee to pollinate, the fruit-setting rate of fruit tree is obviously high than spontaneous pollination, can be suitable with artificial pollination rate, can greatly reduce workload and the fund input of pollination.Abroad, Japan started to utilize wall honeybee to carry out pollination test from the forties in 20th century, and to the seventies, the U.S., the former Soviet Union, Spain etc. also achieve and utilizes wall honeybee pollination pollination, and all achieve good effect.
At present, more the having Osmia. excavataAlfken, Osmia cornifrons, purple wall honeybee, purple wall honeybee and pitch wall honeybee of investigation and application in wall honeybee.The long 9-12mm of the general body of Osmia. excavataAlfken, body black, dodges green gloss; Head is wide with chest, maxilla 2 tooth, clypeus swells, central authorities' tool is leg-of-mutton smoothly recessed, and recessed central tool does not reach the longitudinal ridge of base portion, and both sides punctum is shallow and rare, feeler Section 3 is shorter than following two joint sums, eye side, volume, calvarium and cheek punctum are closeer, and calvarium is not wide, and ora terminalis is straight, the simple eye ratio to compound eye distance, rear simple eye distance and the simple eye distance to calvarium ora terminalis is 1.1:1:1, the widest part of cheek is that compound eye is wide 1.5 times, mesonotum and escutcheon punctum rarer, belly is oval, backboard punctum is thin and rare, wing brown is transparent, squamula brown, vein dark brown.China from nineteen ninety, the application Osmia. excavataAlfken that takes the lead in Shandong, the ground such as Beijing and Shaanxi is applied to the Fruit Tree Pollinations such as apple.Domestic Jiaodong Peninsula weather is applicable to wall honeybee and breeds, and be the base that China wall honeybee breeds, wherein Shandong Province's wall honeybee resource is abundanter, and Osmia. excavataAlfken and Osmia cornifrons all have distribution.
Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite is of a great variety, and fertility is strong, and population quantity is large, mainly educate room endoparasitism to invade host's nest cylinder, larva, pupa can be parasitized and become honeybee body, drawing hemolymph, cause the wall honeybee lost of life, the power that gathers declines, and directly can cause the death of wall honeybee time serious.Therefore, honeybee mite has become an important greatly insect pest of apiculture, brings serious loss to apiculture, and the control of honeybee mite has become an important difficult problem to be solved in apiculture.
At present, the major measure of control honeybee mite is based on chemistry/medical treatment, and its advantage is instant effect, easy to use, and shortcoming grasps bad consumption easily to damage honeybee, and easily develop immunity to drugs; And show in practical application, the general acaricidal susceptibility that honeybee mite uses existing routine is general not high, therefore routine use dosage all exceedes recommended dose usually, this not only causes orchard worker in order to reach control efficiency, use chemical pesticide that is single or same type, this is also the main cause that honeybee mite develops immunity to drugs the long term frequent of large area of having to high concentration; The more important thing is, use existing general acaricidal method in the process of preventing and treating all more or less certain murder by poisoning is caused to wall honeybee, also create larger side effect.
Summary of the invention
For this reason, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of miticidal effect good and the method for control Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite to wall honeybee safety.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the method of safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite of the present invention, comprise the step wall honeybee honeybee cocoon containing parasitic mite and/or honeybee pipe are exposed in the mite-killing preparation of effective dose, the active ingredient of described mite-killing preparation comprises dicofol, propargite and pyridaben.
The mass ratio of described dicofol, propargite and pyridaben is 0.5-2:1-3:0.2-0.8, and preferred 1:2:0.5.
The mass content of active ingredient described in described mite-killing preparation is 60-80%.
Described mite-killing preparation also comprises at least one in the Amitraz of routine dose, sumicidin, emamectin benzoate or Avermectin.
Described mite-killing preparation comprises microemulsion, aqueous emulsion, suspending agent, wetting powder or water dispersible granules.
More excellent, before the step using the control of described mite-killing preparation, also comprise using and kill the step that mite reagent carries out Prevention technology, described in kill mite reagent and comprise clorox and glacial acetic acid.
The volume ratio of described clorox and glacial acetic acid is 1-3:1-2, and preferred volume ratio is 2:1.5.
Described concentration of killing mite reagent counts 50-100mL/L with total effective dose of described clorox and glacial acetic acid.
The described mite reagent that kills prevents and treats step and described mite-killing preparation prevents and treats interval 2-3h between step.
It is described that to kill the step that mite reagent carries out Prevention technology be fumigating system.
The temperature of described fumigating step is 40-60 DEG C.
The mite method that kills of the present invention is directed to safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite targetedly and researches and develops, although the active ingredient of the preparation that method adopts is general miticide of the prior art, but described preparation is through proportioning and after influencing each other, visible its on the basis of specific aim effect of improving further wall honeybee parasitic mite, its toxicity action for wall honeybee and honeybee cocoon of pleasantly surprised discovery also weakens greatly, be more applicable for the safe prevention of Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite, achieve unforeseeable technique effect.
The method of the invention adopted the mix reagent of clorox and glacial acetic acid to carry out killing mite pre-treatment especially before mite-killing preparation kills mite, further increase the virulence effect of described method to honeybee mite, the toxicity action of wall honeybee and honeybee cocoon is reduced on the contrary to some extent simultaneously, achieve unforeseeable technique effect.
Experimental example
One, materials and methods
1.1 test worm sources
Osmia. excavataAlfken (OsmiaexcavateAlfken) honeybee pipe and honeybee cocoon are provided by Wendeng City of Shandong Province orchard worker, honeybee cocoon is in room temperature T=25 ± 1 DEG C, L:D=16:8, carry out in the insectary of RH=75 ± 5% being cultured to emergence, and feed with pollen and honey, the wall honeybee sprouted wings latter second day carries out biologicall test.
1.2 reagent agent
Commercially available conventional propargite missible oil, Dicofol emulsion, pyridaben missible oil and according to mite-killing preparation described in embodiment 1,2 and/or kill mite reagent and become honeybee to carry out biologicall test to honeybee mite, wall honeybee and honeybee cocoon are chosen in test respectively, reagent agent sees the following form 1, and each experiment application dosage guarantees that Amitraz emulsion, fenvalerate missible oil, pyridaben missible oil are identical with total effective dose of the active ingredient of mite-killing preparation described in 2 with embodiment 1.
Table 1 reagent agent
| Medicament title | Manufacturer |
| Propargite missible oil | Huizhou City Zhongxun Chemical Industry Co., Ltd |
| Dicofol emulsion | Jiangsu Yangnong Chemical Group Co., Ltd |
| Pyridaben missible oil | Shanghai Shenglian Chemical Co., Ltd. |
| Clorox, glacial acetic acid | Bo Di chemical inc, Tianjin |
1.3 biologicall test
1.3.1 the bioassay method of honeybee mite
Mensuration evil mite drug-fast standard method slide infusion process (Slide-dipmethod) of recommending with reference to FAO is also improved.Two-sided tape is cut into 2-3cm long, is attached to one end of microslide, throws off the scraps of paper on viscose glue with tweezers, rule on viscose glue with blue ball pen, be convenient to observe.Honeybee mite group is placed on the blank sheet of paper of about 30*30, after its dispersion, by microslide viscose glue one end gently left-hand thread on blank sheet of paper, make the mite dispersion as far as possible adhered to, select during sticky mite in the same size, individual bright-coloured, take action one-tenth mite active (note: do not cling mite foot, mite must and mouthpart), sticky about 30 of every sheet.In temperature (25 ± 1) DEG C, relative moisture is 75% ± 5%, the photoperiod be L:D=16h:8h insectary in place after 4h, with binocular vision, reject dead and torpescence individuality.Medicament is diluted 5-7 concentration on the basis of prerun, into the liquid for the leaching of band mite slide one end (first fumigating reagent according to scheme in embodiment 2 before immersion liquid), shake gently, take out after 10s, rapid blotting paper blots unnecessary liquid, is placed in above-mentioned biochemical cultivation case, check result after 24h record, mite body is touched, with the motionless person of mite foot for death with writing brush.Each concentration 3 repetition, separately compares with clear water, and control group lethality is efficiency test within 10%.
1.3.2 the bioassay method of wall honeybee
Reference standard dip method, experimentally medicament dilutes 5-7 concentration on the basis of prerun, each concentration 3 repetition, and each repetition 15 wall honeybees, separately compare with clear water, and control group lethality is efficiency test within 10%.Wall honeybee is got with dactylethrae, get 5 at every turn, in dactylethrae, pour medicament (first fumigating reagent according to scheme in embodiment 2 before wall honeybee immerses dactylethrae) into, shake gently, after 10s, block the mouth of pipe with forefinger, and pour out medicament rapidly, wall honeybee is poured on blotting paper, the medicament on its health is fully absorbed, then wall honeybee is placed on 2L side opening and supports in worm bottle, paving one deck blotting paper in bottle, bottleneck crocus cloth seals.Foster worm bottle is placed on temperature (25 ± 1) DEG C, and relative moisture is 75% ± 5%, the photoperiod be L:D=16h:8h be placed in insectary after 24h, observe, and respectively record test death toll.
1.3.3 the bioassay method of honeybee cocoon
With reference to the bioassay method of wall honeybee, the dosage of experimental pharmacy dilutes 5-7 concentration again on the basis of trial test, each concentration 3 repetition, and each repetition 15 pieces of honeybee cocoons, separately compare with clear water, and control group lethality is efficiency test within 10%.Wall honeybee honeybee cocoon is got with dactylethrae, get 5 pieces at every turn, medicament (first fumigating reagent according to scheme in embodiment 2 before wall honeybee immerses dactylethrae) is poured in dactylethrae, shake gently, the mouth of pipe is blocked with forefinger after 10s, and pour out medicament rapidly, honeybee cocoon is poured on blotting paper, residual medicament on its health is fully absorbed, then wall honeybee is placed in foster worm bottle (Clear glass bottles and jars, bottle height 15cm, bottleneck footpath 10cm), paving one deck blotting paper in bottle, bottleneck crocus cloth seals.Foster worm bottle is placed in insectary, and room temperature (20-25 DEG C) is hatched, and records the head number of successfully hatching every day, to continuous 2-3 days no longer includes cocoon hatching, and gathers the head number often forming merit hatching.
1.4 data statistic analysis
Utilize statistic software SPSS 17.0forwindows to carry out statistical analysis to each experiment content the data obtained, obtain LC
10, LC
50, LC
90, 95% confidence interval.
2 results and analysis
2.1 medicaments are to honeybee mite and wall honeybee toxicity test
Test is chosen above-mentioned five kinds and is killed mite method and carry out Toxicity Determination to honeybee mite, wall honeybee and honeybee cocoon.In process of the test, the wall honeybee of blank group is acted normally, and does not have death, shows the experimental condition of this test and the satisfactory quality of method and confession examination wall honeybee.In addition, the honeybee mite lethality of clear water control group is less than 10%, and therefore the indoor biometrics design of honeybee mite is also rationally effective.Experiment and statistics see the following form 2.
The each experimental group medicament of table 2 is to the toxicity test of honeybee mite, wall honeybee and honeybee cocoon
--represent and cannot obtain respective concentration value
Result can be found out as shown in Table 2: compared with the mite-killing preparation of existing routine, of the present inventionly kills the virulence better effects if of mite method to honeybee mite, and visible the method for the invention is particularly effective for the control efficiency of wall honeybee parasitic mite; Meanwhile, the method for the invention is compared to existing conventional miticide, and it is less to the toxicity action of wall honeybee and honeybee cocoon, and the injury effect for wall honeybee and honeybee cocoon is minimum, can effectively preventing honeybee mite.
2.2 pharmacy security screenings
Above-mentioned selected 5 kinds are killed to mite method and carry out safety screening, according to virulence test result, to the LC of honeybee mite
90with the LC of wall honeybee
10carry out T inspection (the results are shown in Table 3), result shows all there is significant difference, and therefore, from the angle of virulence, these 5 kinds of methods are all thought safe.
Table 3 medicament is to the LC of honeybee and honeybee cocoon
10with to honeybee mite LC
90otherness compares (T inspection)
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The mode of killing mite method employing described in the present embodiment the Osmia. excavataAlfken honeybee cocoon containing parasitic mite and honeybee pipe is exposed in mite-killing preparation environment to process 2h, and application dosage is 50g.
The active ingredient of described mite-killing preparation comprises: dicofol former medicine 20kg, the former medicine 40kg of pyridaben, propargite medicine 10kg;
The auxiliary material of described mite-killing preparation comprises castor oil polyoxyethylene ether 12kg, ethylene glycol 1kg, cyclohexanone 1kg, glycerine 1kg, water 15kg.
Described in the present embodiment, the preparation method of mite-killing preparation aqueous emulsion comprises: the former medicine of above-mentioned active ingredient Amitraz, the former medicine of pyridaben, the former medicine of fenvalerate are added ethylene glycol and cyclohexanone mixing, and drops into castor oil polyoxyethylene ether and fully stir formation oil phase; Glycerine is added to the water dissolving, forms aqueous phase; Aqueous phase is added in oil phase slowly, use high-speed shearing machine shear, described aqueous emulsion.
Embodiment 2
The mode of killing mite method employing described in the present embodiment first at 50 DEG C, carries out suffocating treatment to kill mite reagent to the Osmia. excavataAlfken containing parasitic mite, after drug withdrawal 2h, again described to be exposed in mite-killing preparation environment by the Osmia. excavataAlfken honeybee cocoon containing parasitic mite is processed 2h, the application dosage of described mite-killing preparation is 50g.
Described in the present embodiment, the active ingredient of mite-killing preparation comprises: dicofol former medicine 10kg, the former medicine 60kg of pyridaben, propargite medicine 10kg; Described mite-killing preparation also comprises Amitraz 2kg;
The auxiliary material of described mite-killing preparation comprises tristyrylphenyl APEO 3kg, ethylene glycol 3kg, n-butanol 2kg, ethyl acetate 1kg, water 9kg.
Described in the present embodiment, the preparation method of mite-killing preparation microemulsion comprises: the former medicine of above-mentioned each composition is added ethylene glycol, n-butanol and ethyl acetate and fully dissolves, and drops into after described tristyrylphenyl APEO fully stirs and form oil phase; Aqueous phase is slowly added in oil phase, uses high-speed shearing machine to shear, obtain transparent microemulsion.
The described mite reagent that kills is prepared as follows: get clorox and glacial acetic acid mixing that time volume ratio is 2:1.5, the total concentration being diluted with water to clorox and glacial acetic acid is 50mL/L, is heated to 50 DEG C and carries out suffocating treatment to Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite.
The preparation of embodiment 3 suspending agent
The mode of killing mite method employing described in the present embodiment is exposed in mite-killing preparation environment by the Osmia. excavataAlfken honeybee cocoon containing parasitic mite to process 2h, and application dosage is 50g.
Described in the present embodiment, the active ingredient of mite-killing preparation comprises: dicofol former medicine 40kg, the former medicine 20kg of pyridaben, propargite medicine 16kg; Described mite-killing preparation also comprises emamectin benzoate 1kg and sumicidin 1kg;
The auxiliary material of described mite-killing preparation comprises polyvinyl alcohol 8kg, xanthans 3kg, ethylene glycol 3kg, water 18kg.
Described in the present embodiment, the preparation method of mite-killing preparation suspending agent comprises: after using airslide disintegrating mill to pulverize former for above-mentioned each composition medicine, drop in stirred tank, drop into described polyvinyl alcohol, xanthans, ethylene glycol and water simultaneously, after abundant stirring, fully grind in material suction skin grinder, after having ground, in suction high-speed shearing machine, carry out high speed shear, after having sheared, namely obtain suspension formulation.
The preparation of embodiment 4 wetting powder
The mode of killing mite method employing described in the present embodiment first at 60 DEG C, carries out suffocating treatment to kill mite reagent to the Osmia. excavataAlfken honeybee cocoon containing parasitic mite and honeybee pipe, after drug withdrawal 3h, retell the described Osmia. excavataAlfken honeybee cocoon containing parasitic mite and honeybee pipe being exposed in mite-killing preparation environment and process 2h, the application dosage of described mite-killing preparation is 100g.
Described in the present embodiment, the active ingredient of mite-killing preparation comprises: dicofol former medicine 12kg, the former medicine 45kg of pyridaben, propargite medicine 3kg;
The auxiliary material of described mite-killing preparation comprises sodium lignin sulfonate 8kg, lauryl sodium sulfate 3kg, white carbon 5kg, kaolin 4kg, water 20kg.
Described in the present embodiment, the preparation method of mite-killing preparation wetting powder comprises: according to above-mentioned selected amount, former for active ingredient medicine and adjunct ingredient is mixed, and pulverizes, then mix through airslide disintegrating mill, i.e. obtained wetting powder.
The described mite reagent that kills is prepared as follows: get clorox and glacial acetic acid mixing that time volume ratio is 1:2, the total concentration being diluted with water to clorox and glacial acetic acid is 75mL/L, is heated to 60 DEG C and carries out suffocating treatment to Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite.
The preparation of embodiment 5 water dispersion granule
The mode of killing mite method employing described in the present embodiment first at 40 DEG C, carries out suffocating treatment to kill mite reagent to the Osmia. excavataAlfken honeybee cocoon containing parasitic mite, after drug withdrawal 2h, retell described being exposed in mite-killing preparation environment by the Osmia. excavataAlfken honeybee cocoon containing parasitic mite and process 2h, the application dosage of described mite-killing preparation is 100g.
Described in the present embodiment, the active ingredient of mite-killing preparation comprises: dicofol former medicine 26kg, the former medicine 30kg of pyridaben, propargite medicine 12kg;
The auxiliary material of described mite-killing preparation comprises sodium lignin sulfonate 2kg, lauryl sodium sulfate 3kg, ammonium sulfate 9kg, kaolin 6kg, water 12kg.
Described in the present embodiment, the preparation method of mite-killing preparation wetting powder comprises: according to above-mentioned selected amount, former for active ingredient medicine and adjunct ingredient are mixed, pulverize through airslide disintegrating mill, mix again, after adding water, mixture is mediated, extruder grain, drying is sieved, i.e. obtained water dispersible granules.
The described mite reagent that kills is prepared as follows: get clorox and glacial acetic acid mixing that time volume ratio is 3:1, the total concentration being diluted with water to clorox and glacial acetic acid is 100mL/L, is heated to 40 DEG C and carries out suffocating treatment to Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only for clearly example being described, and the restriction not to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all embodiments.And thus the apparent change of extending out or variation be still among the protection domain of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for a safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite, it is characterized in that, comprise the step wall honeybee honeybee cocoon containing parasitic mite and/or honeybee pipe are exposed in the mite-killing preparation of effective dose, the active ingredient of described mite-killing preparation comprises dicofol, pyridaben and propargite.
2. the method for safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described dicofol, pyridaben and propargite is 0.5-2:1-3:0.2-0.8.
3. the method for safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the mass content of active ingredient described in described mite-killing preparation is 60-80wt%.
4. according to the method for the arbitrary described safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, described mite-killing preparation also comprises at least one in the Amitraz of routine dose, sumicidin, emamectin benzoate or Avermectin.
5., according to the method for the arbitrary described safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite of claim 1-4, it is characterized in that, described mite-killing preparation comprises microemulsion, aqueous emulsion, suspending agent, wetting powder or water dispersible granules.
6. according to the method for the arbitrary described safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that, before the step using the control of described mite-killing preparation, also comprise using and kill the step that mite reagent carries out Prevention technology, described in kill mite reagent and comprise clorox and glacial acetic acid.
7. the method for safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the volume ratio of described clorox and glacial acetic acid is 1-3:1-2.
8. the method for the safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite according to claim 6 or 7, is characterized in that, described in kill mite reagent concentration count 50-100mL/L with total effective dose of described clorox and glacial acetic acid.
9., according to the method for the arbitrary described safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite of claim 6-8, it is characterized in that, described in kill mite reagent and prevent and treat step and described mite-killing preparation prevents and treats interval 2-3h between step.
10., according to the method for the arbitrary described safe prevention Osmia. excavataAlfken parasitic mite of claim 6-9, it is characterized in that, described in kill the step that mite reagent carries out Prevention technology be fumigating system.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN108990999A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-14 | 山东省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of composition and its mite-killing preparation for removing flat Dao Shi maos of pawl mite |
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