CN105340735B - 金铁锁四倍体植株的诱导方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
金铁锁四倍体植株的诱导方法,属于化学诱导植物多倍体的育种方法。本发明金铁锁茎段在分化培养基上预培养2~3d,用含40mg/L秋水仙素处理2d,然后再将诱导后的茎段接种至未附加秋水仙素的分化培养基中继续培养25d,其诱导效果最佳,诱导变异率达到41.59%。与正常二倍体芽苗比较,变异芽苗的叶片大、叶色深、叶片厚、节间短、茎杆和根粗。切取变异的芽苗茎段重复7次分化培养,使其体细胞同质化,得到稳定的变异芽苗;将其接种于1/2MS+0.3mg/L IBA+0.1mg/L NAA+ 0.3g/L CA生根培养基,生根率为91.7%。对变异后的组培苗根尖染色体计数,该细胞中期染色体数目为2n=4x=56,即为四倍体。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化学诱导植物多倍体的育种方法。
背景技术
金铁锁(Psammosilene tunicoides )为石竹科单属种植物,别名独定子、蜈蚣七等,生长在海拔2400~3400 m的砾石或石灰质岩石山中的阳坡、缓坡的云南松林下、林缘、次生灌丛中或石缝中,能在-22.4℃低温生存,较耐寒而不耐高温,分布于云南、贵州、四川、西藏等中国西南地区,其根具有散瘀定痛、止血、消痈排脓之功,用于治疗跌打损伤、风湿痛、胃痛、创伤出血等,是西南地区著名的民间药用植物,也是云南白药的重要成分。近年来人为地造成生态环境不断恶化和过度采挖,金铁锁资源数量急剧减少,目前已列入《中国植物红皮书》珍稀濒危物种,属于国家二级重点保护植物。
在植物育种上,相关文献主要目的在于组织的离体培养和快速繁殖。例如,欧阳志勤,胡虹等,“金铁锁的离体培养和快速繁殖” 以培养基诱导茎段生长丛生芽,切取带芽茎段和愈伤组织接种做分化培养形成丛芽等,(植物生理学通讯[J] ,2002, 38(4): 361)。又如,李景滨,易继财,张宗申等,“金铁锁组培苗快繁技术研究” 以 B5+NAA0.1mg/L+IBA0.05mg/L作为金铁锁较适生根培养基,生根率达83%(广州农业科学[J], 2011(2): 29-31)。与二倍体相比,多倍体染色体的数目的增加,通常较二倍体具有明显优势,除了根、茎、叶等营养器官具有较粗壮的巨型性特征外,还具有植株的生长速率快、抗倒伏、抗干旱、抗水涝、抗病虫、抗低温和适应性强的特性。尽管多倍体植株育性的普遍下降,对于收获子粒为目的农作物来说是个致命的缺点,但这不影响根茎类、全草类、叶类、花类之植物,加大植株器官,可增加药用活性成分的含量。金铁锁主要以根茎为药用部分,因此,其多倍体育种在生产上具有重要的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是利用组织培养技术结合秋水仙素处理,进行金铁锁多倍体的诱导,并经多次分化培养,选育出性状稳定的金铁锁四倍体植株。
上述目的是通过以下方式实现的:
(一)金铁锁四倍体植株的诱导方法
包括以下步骤:
(1)金铁锁茎段在MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L+TDZ0.01mg/L的分化培养基中预培养2~3d,取出茎段,转接至含浓度30~40mg/L秋水仙素的上述分化培养基中诱导培养1~3d;
(2)金铁锁茎段接种在未附加秋水仙素的分化培养基上培养25d,该分化培养基为:
MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L+TDZ0.01mg/L;
(3)切取步骤(2)变异明显且长至1~2cm芽苗的幼嫩茎段,接种在未附加秋水仙素的MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L+TDZ0.01mg/L的分化培养基上培养25d,再次诱导芽苗;
(4)重复步骤(3)5~7次,得到稳定的多倍体性状的变异芽苗;
(5)当变异芽苗的苗长至2cm时,将其接种在1/2MS+0.3mg/L IBA+0.1mg/L NAA+0.3g/L CA的生根培养基上,其生根率可达91.7%;该变异株组培苗根尖细胞的中期染色体数目为2n=4x=56,即为四倍体。
所述的方法是:步骤(1)所述金铁锁茎段在上述分化培养基上预培养时间为3d,秋水仙素浓度为40mg/L,秋水仙素诱导处理2d。
所述的方法是:步骤(2)金铁锁茎段接种在未附加秋水仙素的分化培养基MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L+TDZ0.01mg/L上培养25d,其诱导变异率达到41.59%。
本发明的积极效果和意义是:
(1)秋水仙素浓度与多倍体诱变率相关,本发明试验表明,在相对较低的死亡基础上,以上金铁锁幼嫩茎段诱导处理时间和浓度的组合获得的诱导率较高。
(2)以金铁锁幼嫩茎段为多倍体诱导的外植体,经分化培养基预培养,继而在附加秋水仙素的分化培养基中诱导处理,之后转入未附加秋水仙素的上述分化培养基中培养,可诱导出变异明显的芽苗,其变异率可达到41.59%;截取明显变异的芽苗茎段重复分化培养多次,得到变异稳定的多倍化芽苗,再进行生根培养,生根率达91.7%。
(3)金铁锁变异植株叶片长、宽和厚度的平均值均大于二倍体。其中,长、宽和厚度分别是二倍体的1.36倍、1.69倍和1.44倍。变异植株根、茎平均值同样大于二倍体,分别是二倍体的3.39倍和2.00倍。与二倍体植株相比,金铁锁多倍体植株叶片变大变厚,茎杆变粗变短,尤其是根茎明显粗壮,为二倍体的3倍以上,研究表明,多倍体植物在生长过程中可加速积累次生代谢物,显著提高植物的生物活性物质含量。为此,将大幅提高药材的产量,增加经济收入。
附图说明
图1是本发明金铁锁变异植株。
图2是本发明金铁锁对照植株。
图3是本发明四倍体金铁锁根尖细胞染色体数目为2n=4X=56。
以下结合本发明具体实施方式进一步说明。
具体实施方式
一、多倍体材料的诱导培养
试验材料是金铁锁组培苗。经组培苗根尖细胞染色体鉴定为二倍体,数目为2n=2x=28。该组培苗茎段在以MS为基本培养基,附加6-BA0.5mg/L、NAA0.05mg/L和TDZ0.01mg/L的分化培养基上预培养2~3d后移至附加30mg/L、40mg/L秋水仙素的上述培养基中诱导培养1~3d,再接入未附加秋水仙素的上述培养基上培养25d,获取变异植株。
实验设计培养方案共9种预培养处理方法,如表1所示,分别在附加有30mg/L和40mg/L秋水仙素的上述培养基中进行诱导培养,并设以对照1组,共计处理19个。
表1 30mg/L和40mg/L秋水仙素诱导培养基
培养编号 | 预培养天数(d)—诱导培养天数(d) |
1 | 2—1 |
2 | 2—2 |
3 | 2—3 |
4 | 3—1 |
5 | 3—2 |
6 | 3—1 |
7 | 4—2 |
8 | 4—3 |
9 | 4—3 |
CK | 0—0 |
死亡率=死亡的外植体数/接种时的总外植体数×100%;
诱导率=发生变异茎段数/诱导茎段总数×100%;
变异率=形态发生变异的株数/植株总数×100%。
二、秋水仙素对金铁锁的诱导效果
从表2中可看出,30和40mg/L两种秋水仙素浓度对金铁锁多倍体的诱导都有一定的效果。数据显示,金铁锁茎段在分化培养基上预处理3d后,用含40mg/L秋水仙素处理2d的诱导效果最佳,经在未附加秋水仙素的分化培养基上继续分化25d后,其诱导变异率可达41.59%,见表14行。
表2 秋水仙素对金铁锁诱导效应
三、变异芽苗的生根培养
当变异稳定的多倍化芽苗长至2cm高时,去除其基部愈伤组织,将其接种在1/2MS+0.3mg/L IBA+0.1mg/L NAA+ 0.3g/L CA的生根培养基上,生根率可达91.7%。
四、变异植株的形态观察和染色体计数
(1)形态观察
对具有多倍体特性的多倍化幼苗进行外部形态的观察(如图1),并与对照植株(如图2)做比较,观察叶片长宽、叶片厚度、节间距、茎的直径、根的直径等,观察结果如表3所示。
表3变异株与二倍体对照植株的外部形态平均值比较
类型 | 叶长cm | 叶宽cm | 叶厚mm | 节间距cm | 茎直径mm | 根直径mm |
变异株 | 1.37 | 0.91 | 0.36 | 0.82 | 1.52 | 1.12 |
对照株 | 1.01 | 0.54 | 0.25 | 1.49 | 0.76 | 0.33 |
由表3可以看出,变异植株的叶片与对照植株有明显变化,平均叶长、叶宽和叶厚都变大,其长、宽和厚度平均值分别是二倍体植株的1.36倍、1.69倍和1.44倍。变异株的茎和根的直径与对照株相比较都明显变大,与此同时,节间距与对照株比较明显变短。
(2)对变异株组培苗的根尖细胞染色体进行观察,获得的多倍体变异植株的染色体数目为2n=4X=56(如图3),为四倍体。
Claims (2)
1.金铁锁四倍体植株的诱导方法,其特征是包括以下步骤:
(1)金铁锁幼嫩茎段在MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L+TDZ0.01mg/L 的分化培养基中预培养2~3d,取出茎段,转移至含浓度30~40mg/L 秋水仙素的上述分化培养基中诱导培养1~3d,使部分金铁锁二倍体细胞成为四倍体细胞;
所述金铁锁幼嫩茎段在上述分化培养基上预培养时间为3d,秋水仙素浓度为40mg/L,秋水仙素诱导处理2d;
(2)取步骤(1)经秋水仙素分化培养基诱导培养的茎段接种在未附加秋水仙素的分化培养基上培养25d,该分化培养基为:MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L+TDZ0.01mg/L;
(3)切取步骤(2)变异明显且长至1~2cm 芽苗的幼嫩茎段,接种在未附加秋水仙素的MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L+TDZ0.01mg/L 的分化培养基上培养25d,再次诱导芽苗;
(4)重复步骤(3)5~7 次,得到多倍体性状稳定的变异芽苗;
(5)当变异芽苗的苗长至2cm 时,将其接种在1/2MS+0.3mg/L IBA+0.1mg/L NAA+0.3g/L AC的生根培养基上,其生根率可达91.7%,该变异株组培苗根尖细胞的中期染色体数目为2n=4x=56,即为四倍体。
2.根据权利要求1 所述的方法,其特征是:步骤(2)金铁锁茎段接种在未附加秋水仙素的分化培养基MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L+TDZ0.01mg/L 上培养25d,其诱导变异率达到41.59%。
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CN106069744B (zh) * | 2016-06-20 | 2018-06-15 | 西南林业大学 | 一种通过混培法诱导无籽刺梨四倍体产生的方法 |
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CN101946699A (zh) * | 2010-07-23 | 2011-01-19 | 中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所 | 同源四倍体天山雪莲植株的培育方法 |
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"珍稀濒危药用植物金铁锁的组织培养和快速繁殖研究";杨耀文等;《世界科学技术》;20031231;第5卷(第4期);第56-59、80页 * |
"金铁锁愈伤组织培养中植物激素优化";李岩等;《时珍国医国药》;20111231;第22卷(第1期);第109-110页 * |
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