CN105334149B - A kind of evaluation of compact reservoir micropore structure and Reservoir Classification method - Google Patents
A kind of evaluation of compact reservoir micropore structure and Reservoir Classification method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of evaluations of compact reservoir micropore structure and Reservoir Classification method.Method includes the following steps: analysis reservoir genesis and Petrographic Features, determine facies type, ingredient etc.；Analyze reservoir properties feature；Reservoir Pore Textures are observed, determine porosity type, Areal porosity etc.；High-pressure mercury method, nitrogen adsorption methods measure RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE parameter；Diagenesis is studied, determines compacting, cementing, corrosion sequence；Analyze control factor of reservoir property；Classify to reservoir.The effect of this method mainly has: comprehensively reflecting diagenesis using cathodoluminescence, microcell quantitative analysis of mineral and its to the influence of reservoir；Facilitate to carry out scrutiny to the micro-pore of compact reservoir using the fluorescence body of casting, field emission scanning electron microscope；It is tested using high-pressure mercury experiment, nitrogen adsorption and the microscopic feature of compact reservoir has accurately been determined；It is preferred that parameters carry out reservoir classification and evaluation, to further predicting that advantageous developing stratum or zone be of great significance.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of evaluations of compact reservoir micropore structure and Reservoir Classification method, belong to field of petroleum exploitation
Middle geology studying technological domain.
Background technique
The having a very wide distribution of China's low permeability reservoir, resource potential are big, it has also become the emphasis of oil-gas exploration now.For such as
Sichuan siron door Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Ordos Basin Triassic Yanchang Formation, Northern Margin of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang library in front of the mountains
Low hole-the low permeability sandstone reservoirs such as vehicle down warping region sieve dwarf-Cretaceous System, it is preceding that numerous studies be unfolded per capita, and establish a series of
Evaluation method.However the research object of early stage, often hole is opposite develops, physical property also relatively good reservoir, such as E Erduo
The average pore of the regional extension group reservoir in this basin Gansu Province east is 10.25%, and mean permeability is 1.42 × 10-3μm2, COMPONENT IN SOUTH SICHUAN BASIN
Ground Western Sichuan filial piety-is new-close area must the average pores of two sections of reservoirs be 6.01%, mean permeability is 0.51316 × 10-3
μm2, the average pore of four sections of reservoirs of palpus is 3.76%, and mean permeability is 0.37197 × 10-3μm2, it is low to belong to low hole-
Seep reservoir scope.
At present for the research of the micropore structure of above-mentioned several low hole-low permeability reservoirs, most researchers are still adopted
With the technical method as conventional reservoir, comprising: pass through conventional polarized light microscope observing common rocks thin slice, total rock X-ray
The Petrographic Features of the means analysis sandstone such as diffraction, such as the composition of rock particles and chink；Pass through conventional petrographic microscope
Hole casting body flake, plain scan electron microscope observation pore character are observed, such as the form of hole and venturi, size, the origin cause of formation
Deng；Pore throat character, such as pore throat radius distribution, the interconnected relationship of pore throat are measured by mercury injection method.
However, had found rich in potentiality in above-mentioned reservoir with the further development of unconventional oil and gas exploration and development again
And the layer position that porosity, permeability are extremely low, as the average pore of five sections of fine and close gas reservoirs of western depression of Sichuan basin palpus is
3.21%, mean permeability is 0.0329 × 10-3μm2, far below four sections of two sections of palpus and palpus for belonging to Xu jiahe, compact reservoir
Basic characteristics be: (1) reservoir permeability can it is very poor, permeability is usually less than 0.01 × 10-3μm2；(2) reservoir pore space it is both small and
Few, diameter is usually less than several microns, or even only tens nanometers；(3) fine and close complex genesis, by deposition and a variety of geology of diagenesis because
Element control.The hole developed in compact reservoir is often extremely small, is difficult in casting body flake preparation by epoxy resin die casting liquid
Injection, the hole of only micron-nanometer grade is also difficult to observe by with the amplification factor of conventional petrographic microscope；Equally, using normal
The experimental method of rule pressure mercury, is also not easy mercury being pressed into nanoscale venturi, it is difficult to measure the distribution of reservoir pore throat.Therefore,
The reservoir of the extreme densification minimum for this kind of hole, permeability is extremely low with technological means is to be difficult to using conventional study thinking
Its micropore structure is evaluated.
These conventional techniques are specifically introduced below.Conventional low permeability reservoir micropore structure research method
First is that being observed using standard transmitted light petrographic microscope hole casting body flake.Wherein, pore cast thin slice is specific
Preparation step is: (1) by People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " SY/T5336-2006 rock core conventional analysis side
Method " shape is drilled through as cylindrical or cuboidal sample, cut 25mm × 25mm × 5mm rock sample；The rock sample first that will be cut
Benzene washing oil, airing at normal temperature；In vacuum drying oven, continuous to keep negative pressure in -0.08Mpa or so under normal temperature state, vacuum is dry
Dry 48h or more；(2) dry rock sample is lower than 70 DEG C of die casting in temperature with blowhole body of casting instrument, die casting liquid is pressed into specific proportions
Injection, die casting time are 1h, pressure 30Mpa, vacuum degree >=8 × 10-2Support；(3) after die casting, by Chinese people's republicanism
State's oil and gas industry standard " SY/T5913-2004 rock flaking method " film-making.After pore cast thin slice is prepared, benefit
Thin section identification is carried out with standard transmitted light petrographic microscope, is comprised the concrete steps that: (1) analyzing clast and the miscellaneous base, cementing of sample
Composition, content and the rock texture feature of object, determine sandstone rock type；(2) particle contact relation, the intergranular body of reservoir are observed
Product size, plastic rock debris deformation determine compacted property, and observation cementation type, degree of consolidation, cement occurrence research are cementing
Effect, estimation corrosion object, corrosion Areal porosity determine Dissolution Characteristics；(3) pore morphology, size, distribution in reservoir are observed, is determined
Pore Genesis type observes venturi form, thickness, distribution, analyzes pore throat connected relation；(4) not syndiagenesis device to hole is analyzed
The influence of gap development analyzes pore evolution process by the estimation of Areal porosity.
But this is lacked using the technology that standard transmitted light petrographic microscope observes hole casting body flake there are following
It falls into: being firstly because in compact reservoir that venturi is extremely tiny, permeability is very poor, be difficult in press casting procedure by die casting liquid injection hole
In gap, by standard transmitted light petrographic microscope, it can be seen that can not almost observe casting in thin slice after the completion of film-making
Body exists, i.e., can not find hole；Secondly, even if die casting liquid can be injected when die casting, point of standard transmitted light petrographic microscope
Resolution is limited, and image is not clear enough when being amplified to 400 times, it is difficult to observe the feature of micron-nanometer grade hole.
Conventional low permeability reservoir micropore structure research method second is that X-ray diffraction analysis method, can be used for
Measure Clay Minerals of Sedimentary Rocks and common non-clay mineral content.Since each mineral crystal all has specific X-ray
Diffracting spectrum, the content of the mineral is positively correlated in characteristic peaks intensity and sample in map, therefore takes experimental method true
Positive correlation --- K value between the content of certain fixed mineral and the intensity of its characteristic diffraction peak, so it is unknown by measuring
The intensity of the characteristic peak of the mineral in sample and the content for finding out the mineral.
Total rock X-ray diffraction analysis method can measure the relative amount of every kind of mineral in sample, can be used as to reservoir
Effective supplement of the thin slice lens-belowed identifying of rock type.However it is frequently necessary to determine the mineral under some ken in practical study
Combination judges the genetic type of the hole especially by the mineral species around analysis hole, spreads out only with total rock X-ray
It penetrates analysis method and is unable to satisfy this needs.
Conventional low permeability reservoir micropore structure research method presses mercury bent third is that obtaining using pressure mercury experimental method
Line, form reflect the connectivity between the developmental state and hole of each pore throat hole gap.Prior art centering is hypotonic
The research of saturating RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE is all to fill mercury into sample hole by pressurizeing to sample, and what is measured penetrates into hole or gap
The volume of mercury is the function of static pressure relevant to aperture.By the mercury injection pressure of actual measurement and the mercurous volume of corresponding sample,
And after being computed and acquiring mercury intensity value and pore constriction radius, it is full that capillary pressure, pore constriction radius and mercury can be drawn
With the relation curve of degree, and displacement pressure, pore constriction median radius, capillary pressure intermediate value, minimum unsaturated can be acquired
The parameters such as porosity and pore constriction radius frequency distribution.
However, pressure mercury experimental method have the following deficiencies: that it needs mercury being filled with hole, the minimum-value aperture being capable of measuring with
Maximum used in experiment is related into mercury pressure, and the pore diameter range that mercury injection method is capable of measuring under 100MPa is 14nm~400 μm, i.e.,
The aperture less than 14nm can not be measured；Simultaneously as the permeance property of compact reservoir is very poor, it is difficult to for mercury being pressed into experimentation
In the hole of sample, 50% may be no more than by surveying into mercury saturation degree, can not calculate pore throat radius intermediate value etc. using conventional method
Parameter.
Conventional low permeability reservoir micropore structure research method fourth is that using the core plunger steady state method axially flowed
Measure gas permeability.Its principle is using gaseous state steady seepage rate equation, and instrument has electronic sensor and high pressure core
Clamper has many advantages, such as that strong automation, analog strata pressure, accuracy and precision are high.But it is seeped using steady state method gas
The saturating practical measurable permeability limits of rate test are 0.1 × 10-3μm2.Densified sample reaches the time of stable state needs very
It is long, and flow measurement is quite inaccurate.
Therefore, a kind of evaluation of compact reservoir micropore structure and Reservoir Classification method are developed, be still this field urgently
One of solve the problems, such as.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of compact reservoir micropore structure evaluation with
Reservoir Classification method.This method can micropore structure minimum to hole, compact reservoir that permeability is extremely low carry out it is effective
Evaluation.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a kind of evaluations of compact reservoir micropore structure and Reservoir Classification side
Method comprising following steps:
Step 1: analysis reservoir genesis and Petrographic Features
(1) microfacies analysis is carried out (wherein, to the observation of core sample according to facies marker etc. according to the observation to core sample
Method can refer to People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " conventional method of analysis of SY/T 5336-1996 rock core ",
The conventional Phase Analysis Method that microfacies analysis is this field is carried out according to facies marker, particular content repeats no more herein), really
Determine type of sedimentary facies；And
(2) mineral constituent for utilizing total rock X-ray diffraction analysis total rock X-ray diffraction analysis sample, utilizes clay mineral X
Relative amount (analysis method and the sample of all kinds of clay minerals in x ray diffraction analysis x clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis sample
Preparation method can refer to: People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " clay in SY/T5163-2010 sedimentary rock
Mineral and common non-clay mineral content X-ray diffraction analysis method ")；And/or
(3) cathode is observed and counts respectively using cathodoluminescence microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (QEMScan)
The ingredient of light tiles and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample, sorting, and determine that the content of miscellaneous base and all cements (can
Content is indicated with Areal porosity) and their type, determine that (step is particularly suitable for sandstone storage for rock type and structure feature
Layer)；And/or
(4) a large amount of rock debris samples are randomly selected using cathodoluminescence microscope and carries out detrital grain granulometry, meter
Calculate rock initial porosity Φ0(%) and/or rock grain size intermediate value and/or rock sorting coefficient (calculate rock initial porosity
Φ0, rock grain size intermediate value and rock sorting coefficient method may refer to: Scherer M.Parameters influencing
porosity in sandstones:A model for sandstone porosity prediction[J].AAPG
Bulletin, 1987,71 (5): 485-491；Beard D C, Weyl P K.Influence of texture on
Porosity and permeability of unconsolidated sand [J] .AAPG Bulletin, 1973,57 (2)
349-369) (step is particularly suitable for sandstone reservoir)；
Step 2: analysis reservoir properties feature
(1) using covering, instrument is seeped in pressure hole and/or pulse permeameter measures the overburden porosity and/or arteries and veins of core sample respectively
Permeability is rushed, determines the porosity and/or permeability of reservoir；
Step 3: observation reservoir Pore Textures
(1) fluorescence microscope fluorescence casting body flake is utilized, and/or is observed newly using field emission scanning electron microscope
Fresh section sample and/or argon ion polish sample, analyze the porosity type and/or size and/or connection situation of different scale,
And/or the Areal porosity of statistics different type hole；
Step 4: experimental method measures RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE parameter
(1) using the pore throat parameter of high-pressure mercury method measurement rock sample, the pore-size distribution of reservoir is determined；
Step 5: analysis control factor of reservoir property
(1) analysis above-mentioned steps determining type of sedimentary facies, mineral constituent and content, miscellaneous base contain amount and type, all glue
Combination containing one or more of the parameters such as amount and type, rock grain size, rock sorting coefficient and the above-mentioned steps for tying object are true
The relationship of fixed reservoir porosity and/or permeability, selecting influences the biggish reservoir genesis condition of reservoir properties and petrology spy
Levy parameter；
(2) pore-size distribution of the porosity type, size and connection situation, reservoir of the different scale that analysis above-mentioned steps determine
Etc. the combination of one or more of parameters and the relationship of the above-mentioned steps reservoir porosity determined and/or permeability, select shadow
Ring the biggish Pore Textures of reservoir properties and parameter of pore structure；
Step 6: Reservoir Classification
Evaluation of classification is carried out by the main contral parameter for the reservoir properties selected, and determines the corresponding reservoir of different type reservoir
Cause condition, Petrographic Features, Pore Textures (pores'growth feature can also be referred to as), reservoir properties, pore structure
Etc. one or more of parameters combination.
Specific embodiment according to the present invention, it is preferable that further include step 4-1 after four the above method the step of:
Study diagenesis:
(1) cathodoluminescence piece is observed respectively using cathodoluminescence microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (Qemscan)
And/or the compacted property of microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample；
(2) cathodoluminescence piece is observed respectively using cathodoluminescence microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (QEMScan)
And/or the cement type and/or content and/or occurrence of microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample, distinguish different type cement and
Cement of the same race is differently formed the phase time, determines each cementing sequencing, and/or count different type different times cement
Areal porosity；
(3) aobvious using field emission scanning electron microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (Qemscan) and/or fluorescence
Micro mirror observes fresh section sample and/or argon ion polishing sample and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample and/or fluorescence respectively
The corrosion feature of casting body flake, in conjunction with including compacting and/or cementing etc. Diagenetic and structural evolution and bury
Hiding history, (acquisition of structural evolution and buried history can refer to some prior arts, such as can refer to: Qi Jiafu, Yang Qiao, prince
Illuminate waits to comment about discussion [J] geology opinion of the Railway Project of establishment basin-mountain frame work section, 2001,47 (4): 388-
392；Elliott D, The construction of balanced cross sections.J.Struct.Geol.1983,
5 (1): 101), determine that corrosion may period；
(4) information obtained in (1)-(3) of combining step four -1 determines compacting, cementing, corrosion sequencing, and will
Not syndiagenesis (diagenesis be include compacting, cementing, corrosion etc.) and the same period secondary same diagenesis are not allocated in
Difference is buried the stage, and then restores diagenetic process.
In the methods described above, it is preferable that in step 1 (4), carry out the rock debris sample of detrital grain granulometry
The quantity of product is 300~1000.
In the methods described above, it is preferable that in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), the fluorescence casting body flake is
Pass through prepared by following steps: colour epoxy resin be added in a small amount of fluorescer, then under vacuum conditions by fluorescer with
The hole of sample of sandstone of the mixture injection of epoxy resin by washing oil processing, is made fluorescence casting body flake.It is highly preferred that institute
The mass ratio for stating fluorescer and the colour epoxy resin is 1:2-1:4.
In the methods described above, it is preferable that in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), the fresh section sample is
It is prepared by following steps: the fragment for selecting surface opposed flattened after the broken sample of rock sample being subjected to coating film treatment, obtains institute
The fresh section sample stated.Wherein, coating film treatment can be gold-plated using the method for the ion sputtering of this field routine, the thickness of plated film
About 20 nanometers of degree.
In the methods described above, it is preferable that in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), the argon ion polishes sample
Through the following steps that preparation: rock sample is successively mechanically polished, argon ion polishing, after coating film treatment, obtains institute
The argon ion polishing sample stated.Wherein, coating film treatment can be gold-plated using the method for the ion sputtering of this field routine, plated film
About 20 nanometers of thickness.
In the methods described above, it is preferable that in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), utilize Flied emission scanning electron
The micro- fresh section sample of sem observation is imaged using secondary electron.
In the methods described above, it is preferable that in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), utilize Flied emission scanning electron
Micro- sem observation argon ion polishing sample is imaged using backscattered electron.
In the methods described above, it is preferable that in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), the Flied emission scanning electron
Microscope is field emission scanning electron microscope of the resolution ratio up to 0.04nm.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that using the pore throat parameter tool of high-pressure mercury method measurement rock sample in step 4 (1)
Body include: rock sample is made after core column vacuumized by being dried with remove steam in sample and other
Then gas infuses mercury into sample dilatometer and starts to measure；Before taking out sample dilatometer from PORE SIZE APPARATUS FOR, it is ensured that instrument internal pressure
Power is reduced to atmospheric pressure, determines that mercury has penetrated into most of sample by observing；After measurement, by into mercury volume and pressure
The relationship of power obtains capillary pressure curve；The pore-size distribution of sample is calculated according to capillary pressure curve.It can specifically refer to: in
Magnificent people's republic's national standard " GB/T 21650.1-2008/ISO 15901-1:2005 mercury injection method and gas determination of adsorption method
Solid material pore-size distribution and porosity part 1: mercury injection method ".
Specific embodiment according to the present invention, it is preferable that four the above method the step of further include: (2) use nitrogen
Absorption method measures the pore throat parameter of rock sample, determines the pore-size distribution of reservoir.If measuring rock-like using high-pressure mercury method
When the pore throat parameter of product, maximum mercury saturation degree is lower than 70%, then needs to do pore structure using the nitrogen adsorption methods and further divide
Analysis.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that using the pore throat parameter tool of nitrogen adsorption methods measurement rock sample in step 4 (2)
Body includes: that rock sample is crushed to 150~250 mesh, and the physical absorption substance of adsorbent surface is then removed by degassing；It is real
During testing, go out the saturation pressure P of nitrogen by repeatedly measurement or adoption status equation calculation first0, then it is stepped up sample
Nitrogen pressure on product, records isothermal desorption branch, hereafter gradually reduces the nitrogen pressure on sample, records isothermal
Desorption branch；The pore-size distribution of sample is calculated by adsorption-desorption isothermal.It can specifically refer to: the People's Republic of China (PRC)
National standard " GB/T 21650.1-2008/IS015901-2:2006 mercury injection method and gas determination of adsorption method solid material aperture
Distribution and porosity part 2: gas adsorption method analyzes mesoporous and macropore ".
Specific embodiment according to the present invention, it is preferable that when method of the invention further includes above-mentioned steps four -1, then
Above-mentioned steps five further include: (3) analyze one of parameters such as compacting, cementing, corrosion in the diagenetic process that above-mentioned steps determine
Or the relationship of several combinations and the above-mentioned steps reservoir porosity determined and/or permeability, it is larger to select influence reservoir properties
Diagenetic Factors.
Specific embodiment according to the present invention, it is preferable that when method of the invention further includes above-mentioned steps five (3),
Then the corresponding parameter of different type reservoir further includes Diagenetic in above-mentioned steps six.
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that the compacted property in step 4-1 (1) includes particle contact relation, grain orientation
The combination of one or more of property, fracture intensity etc..
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that step 4-1 (1) can also include: to calculate the rock for carrying out compacted property observation
The compaction loss porosity of sample, compaction loss porosity (%)=initial porosity Φ0Remaining intergranular body after (%)-compacting
Product IGV (%)；Residue interstitial volume IGV (%)=miscellaneous base content (i.e. Areal porosity) (%)+cement content (i.e. face after compacting
Rate) (%)+intergranular porosity (%)；Wherein, initial porosity Φ0For the rock initial porosity Φ determined in step 1 (4)0,
Miscellaneous base content and cement content are respectively the miscellaneous base content and all cement contents determined in step 1 (3), intergranular pore
Degree is identified when being statistics different type hole Areal porosity in step 3 (1), and (intergranular pore Areal porosity is intergranular pore
Degree).
In the above-mentioned methods, it is preferable that the corrosion feature in step 4-1 (3) includes corrosion object, corrosion mode
And the combination of one or more of dissolution extent etc..
The production method for the rock sample mentioned in the above method of the invention can use the production of this field routine
Method, such as core sample, rock debris sample, total rock X-ray diffraction analysis sample, clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis sample
Product, cathodoluminescence piece, microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample production method conventional, the text that can be referred to that may each be this field
Offering includes: People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " SY/T 5913-2004 rock flaking method "；The Chinese people
Republic's oil and gas industry standard " SY/T 5163-2010 Clay Minerals of Sedimentary Rocks and common non-clay mineral content X
X ray diffraction analysis x method " etc..
In the present invention, the technical term related generally to is defined as follows described.Compact reservoir: porosity is 2~8%,
Permeability is 0.1~0.001 × 10-3μm2Reservoir.Pore structure: the geometric shape of reservoir pore space and venturi, size, distribution
The features such as feature and the interconnected relationship of pore throat.
Method provided by the invention is particularly suitable for the compact reservoir having the characteristics that: (1) reservoir permeability can be very poor,
Permeability is usually less than 0.01 × 10-3μm2；(2) reservoir pore space is both small and few, and diameter is usually less than several microns, or even only several
Ten nanometers；(3) fine and close complex genesis, is controlled by deposition and a variety of geologic(al) factors of diagenesis.The hole developed in compact reservoir is often
It is extremely small, it is difficult to inject epoxy resin die casting liquid in casting body flake preparation, with the amplification factor of conventional petrographic microscope
Also it is difficult to observe by the hole of only micron-nanometer grade；Equally, it using the experimental method of conventional pressure mercury, is also not easy for mercury to be pressed into
Nanoscale venturi, it is difficult to measure the distribution of reservoir pore throat.Therefore, for the reservoir of this kind of extreme densification, using routine
Research Thinking and technological means are difficult to reach target.
The present invention is observed using argon ion polishing technology combination field emission scanning electron microscope, can effectively identify storage
The micro-pore of layer, such as the miscellaneous base micropore of residual porosity, nanoscale, the organic hole of nanoscale between micron-sized particle, and match
Flied emission energy spectrum analysis technology is closed, the mineralogical composition of identification mud extraction grade, fine powder sand-size particle and the miscellaneous base of shale is to analyze hole
Genetic type；It is able to solve and hole casting body flake is carried out using standard transmitted light petrographic microscope to observe existing ask
Topic.In addition, the present invention uses microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (Qemscan) by carrying out Surface scan to sample surfaces, it can be fine
The type and occurrence for determining the mineral less than 1 μm meet compact reservoir diagenesis and pore character research；It is able to solve total rock
X-ray diffraction analysis method the problems of study to diagenesis and pore character.In addition, the present invention uses nitrogen
Adsorption experiment method, measurement range are 0.4nm~50nm, overlapping but more microcosmic with pressing the measurement range of mercury experimental method to have,
It can be used for further analyzing mercury injection method and be not easy the distribution characteristics of the pore throat measured, and mutually confirm, be complementary to one another therewith.Together
When, the present invention using axially flow core plunger thermal pulse-decay method measurement gas permeability, measurement range be 0.00001~
0.1nm×10-3μm2, it is specific to the test method of the extremely low sample of permeability；It is steady to be able to solve the core plunger axially flowed
State method measures the problems of gas permeability.In short, the present invention utilizes microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (Qemscan) technology,
It is able to carry out the fine identification of mineral and Diagenetic；Using fluorescence casting body flake, argon ion polishing technology cooperation field hair
Scanning electron microscope is penetrated, Study of recognition can be carried out to micro-nano hole；It is real by high-pressure mercury technology and nitrogen adsorption
The mutual cooperation tested is able to carry out the analysis of pore structure.Therefore, method of the invention can accurately analyze mud grade, fine silt
The lithology and mineral feature of grade particles；The morphological feature of nano-micrometre grade micro-pore can be observed and analyze its origin cause of formation；It can analyze pair
Reservoir porosity plays the size in the aperture of main contributions；And then it can determine reservoir densification reason and utilize reservoir pore throat parameter pair
Reservoir carries out sort research.
In conclusion compact reservoir micropore structure evaluation provided by the invention is beneficial with Reservoir Classification method bring
Effect specifically includes that
(1) it can determine mineralogical composition not easy to identify using cathodoluminescence, microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (Qemscan), grab
The firmly details on each diagenesis, to reflect diagenesis and its influence to reservoir more fully hereinafter；
(2) the hole fluorescence body of casting, field emission scanning electron microscope are utilized, observable pore scale is extended into nanometer
Grade, improves hole accuracy of identification, helps to carry out scrutiny to the micro-pore of compact reservoir；
(3) precision that reservoir pore throat character characterization is improved using high-pressure mercury experiment, nitrogen adsorption experiment, thus more
Accurately define the microscopic feature of compact reservoir；
(4) to the reservoir densification origin cause of formation is disclosed, preferably parameters carry out reservoir classification and evaluation, to the advantageous hair of further prediction
It educates layer position or zone is of great significance.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that the micropore structure evaluation of the compact reservoir of Examples 1 and 2 and the process of Reservoir Classification method are illustrated
Figure；
Fig. 2 a is the field emission scanning electron microscope figure of the fresh section sample secondary electron imaging in embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 b is the field emission scanning electron microscope figure of the argon ion polishing sample back scattering imaging in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 a is the capillary pressure curve of the high-pressure mercury method measurement pore structure in embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 b is the pore throat diameter distribution curve of the high-pressure mercury method measurement pore structure in embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 a is the absorption-desorption curve of the nitrogen adsorption methods measurement pore structure in embodiment 1；
Fig. 4 b is the pore throat diameter distribution curve of the nitrogen adsorption methods measurement pore structure in embodiment 1；
Fig. 5 is the microcell quantitative analysis of mineral figure in embodiment 2；
Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b are the fluorescence body of casting figure in embodiment 2；
Fig. 7 is the field emission scanning electron microscope figure of the argon ion polishing sample back scattering imaging in embodiment 2；
Fig. 8 is the result figure of the high-pressure mercury method measurement pore structure in embodiment 2；
Fig. 9 is the cathodoluminescence microscope figure in embodiment 2.
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical characteristic of the invention, purpose and beneficial effect are more clearly understood, now to skill of the invention
Art scheme carries out described further below, but should not be understood as that limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The Xu jiahe in China, the Sichuan Basin, western part be deposited on Middle-Lower Triassic carbonate rock it is a set of with sand,
Coal measure strata based on mud stone, wherein must one, must three, must five sections based on mud stone, shale, press from both sides flagstone, must two, must four,
Six sections of palpus is based on thin-middle sandstone of grey, canescence.The exploration practices of western sichuan region for a long time are low with palpus two, four sections of palpus
Infiltration sandstone reservoir be target, however by unconventional oil and gas appraisal discovery must five sections there is also very big Gas Potentials.Palpus
Five sections of 3500~5000m of buried depth, lithology combination is based on thin sand-shale interbed, wherein packsand about 20%, siltstone about 25%, mud
Shale about 55%.Reservoir porosity average 3.21%, permeability average 0.0329 × 10-3μm2.Reservoir pore space is with micron-nanometer
Based on grade, any hole can not almost be observed in casting body flake by standard transmitted light petrographic microscope, using mercury injection method
It is typically not greater than 50% into mercury saturation degree under 100Mpa pressure, these features become the key problem of pore configuration research.
In this regard, the micropore structure evaluation and Reservoir Classification method for above-mentioned compact reservoir are present embodiments provided, such as Fig. 1 institute
Show comprising following steps:
Step 1: analysis reservoir genesis and Petrographic Features
(1) microfacies analysis is carried out (wherein, to the observation of core sample according to facies marker etc. according to the observation to core sample
Method can refer to People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " conventional method of analysis of SY/T 5336-1996 rock core ",
The conventional Phase Analysis Method that microfacies analysis is this field is carried out according to facies marker, particular content repeats no more herein), really
Determine type of sedimentary facies, as a result are as follows: research area is in the low energy depositional environment of delta front distal end-shore Vlei；
(2) mineral constituent for utilizing total rock X-ray diffraction analysis total rock X-ray diffraction analysis sample, utilizes clay mineral X
Relative amount (analysis method and the sample of all kinds of clay minerals in x ray diffraction analysis x clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis sample
Preparation method can refer to: People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " clay in SY/T5163-2010 sedimentary rock
Mineral and common non-clay mineral content X-ray diffraction analysis method ")；As a result are as follows: in sandstone detrital component based on quartz,
50% or more is accounted for, is secondly landwaste, predominantly carbonate mineral, accounts for about 24%, feldspar content is few, average less than 3%, miscellaneous base
Content is higher, average more than 20%；In mud stone based on quartz and clay mineral, 38% and 44% respectively may be about；Clay mineral
Ingredient mainly based on illite and illite/smectite mixed layer, chlorite and kaolinite content are less；
Step 2: analysis reservoir properties feature
The overburden porosity and pulse permeability that instrument is seeped in hole and pulse permeameter measures core sample respectively are pressed using covering,
Determine the porosity and permeability of reservoir；As a result are as follows: packsand porosity average out to 2.44%, permeability average out to 0.00817
×10-3μm2；Siltstone porosity average out to 3.13%, permeability average out to 0.00206 × 10-3μm2；Mud shale porosity is flat
It is 3.89%, permeability average out to 0.06778 × 10-3μm2；
Step 3: observation reservoir Pore Textures
As a comparison, the casting body flake of blue epoxy Resin Transfer Moulding liquid is used using standard transmitted light polarized light microscope observing
When, it is virtually impossible to observe any hole, Areal porosity is close to 0%；
Fresh section sample is observed using field emission scanning electron microscope and argon ion polishes sample, analyzes different scale
Porosity type and/or size and/or connection situation；
Wherein, the fresh section sample through the following steps that preparation: will after the broken sample of rock sample select surface phase
Coating film treatment is carried out to smooth fragment, obtains the fresh section sample；Wherein, coating film treatment can be normal using this field
The method of the ion sputtering of rule is gold-plated, and about 20 nanometers of the thickness of plated film；It is observed using field emission scanning electron microscope fresh disconnected
Face sample is imaged using secondary electron；
Argon ion polishing sample is through the following steps that preparation: successively being mechanically polished to rock sample, argon
After ion polishing, coating film treatment, the argon ion polishing sample is obtained；Wherein, coating film treatment can be conventional using this field
Ion sputtering method it is gold-plated, about 20 nanometers of the thickness of plated film；It is thrown using field emission scanning electron microscope observation argon ion
Light sample is imaged using backscattered electron；
The field emission scanning electron microscope is field emission scanning electron microscope of the resolution ratio up to 0.04nm；
As a result as shown in Figure 2 a and 2 b: the nanoscale hole in compact reservoir can be obviously observed, and combination field is sent out
The mineral type for penetrating energy spectrum analysis (EDAX) identification hole periphery, determines that hole is based on miscellaneous base micropore and organic hole in reservoir,
A small amount of intragranular dissolved pore is developed, almost hole between agensis particle；
Step 4: experimental method measures RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE parameter
(1) it using the pore throat parameter of high-pressure mercury method measurement rock sample, determines the pore-size distribution of reservoir, specifically includes:
Rock sample is made after core column by being dried, is vacuumized to remove the steam and other gases in sample, so
Mercury is infused in backward sample dilatometer and starts to measure；Before taking out sample dilatometer from PORE SIZE APPARATUS FOR, it is ensured that pressure has dropped in instrument
To atmospheric pressure, determine that mercury has penetrated into most of sample by observing；After measurement, by into the pass of mercury volume and pressure
System obtains capillary pressure curve；The pore-size distribution of sample is calculated according to capillary pressure curve；It can specifically refer to: the Chinese people
Republic's national standard " GB/T 21650.1-2008/ISO 15901-1:2005 mercury injection method and gas determination of adsorption method solid material
Blanking aperture distribution and porosity part 1: mercury injection method "；As a result as shown in Figure 3a and Figure 3b shows, packsand pore-size distribution known to calculating
In 30~100nm, without peak value in measurement range, reflection is respectively less than 30nm for siltstone and mud shale aperture；Due to high pressure pressure
Maximum mercury saturation degree is relatively low in mercury analysis, therefore is further analyzed using nitrogen adsorption methods；
(2) it using the pore throat parameter of nitrogen adsorption methods measurement rock sample, determines the pore-size distribution of reservoir, specifically includes:
Rock sample is crushed to 150~250 mesh, the physical absorption substance of adsorbent surface is then removed by degassing；Experimentation
In, go out the saturation pressure P of nitrogen by repeatedly measurement or adoption status equation calculation first0, then it is stepped up on sample
Nitrogen pressure, records isothermal desorption branch, hereafter gradually reduces the nitrogen pressure on sample, records isothermal desorption point
Branch；By adsorption-desorption isothermal, the pore-size distribution of sample can be calculated；It can specifically refer to: country, the People's Republic of China (PRC)
Standard " GB/T 21650.1-2008/IS015901-2:2006 mercury injection method and gas determination of adsorption method solid material pore-size distribution
Mesoporous and macropore is analyzed with porosity part 2: gas adsorption method "；As a result as shown in figures 4 a and 4b, packsand known to calculating
Aperture, without peak value, is generally greater than 30nm, siltstone pore-size distribution is in 10~50nm, mud shale pore-size distribution in measurement range
In 5~50nm；
As it can be seen that nitrogen adsorption experimental result can mutually be confirmed with pressure mercury experimental result；
Step 5: analysis control factor of reservoir property
(1) type of sedimentary facies and/or the parameters such as mineral constituent and content and above-mentioned steps that analysis above-mentioned steps determine are true
The relationship of fixed reservoir porosity, permeability, selecting influences the biggish reservoir genesis condition of reservoir properties and Petrographic Features ginseng
Number；
As a result are as follows: in sedimentary micro type, secondly gulf, the average pore of shore Vlei mud, permeability highest between shunting are
Estuary dam, Long-term therapy, Tan Ba, worst is distributary channel；In mineral constituent, clay mineral content and porosity, permeability
It is positively correlated, quartz content and porosity, permeability are negatively correlated, and carbonate mineral content and porosity, permeability are in negative
It closes；
(2) pore-size distribution of the porosity type, size and connection situation, reservoir of the different scale that analysis above-mentioned steps determine
Etc. one or more of parameters combination and above-mentioned steps determine reservoir porosity, permeability relationship, select influence storage
The biggish Pore Textures of layer physical property and parameter of pore structure；
As a result are as follows: porosity type is based on miscellaneous base micropore, organic hole, mud shale, the aleuritic texture of the intragranular dissolved pore containing minute quantity
Average pore, the permeability highest of mud stone；Porosity type based on miscellaneous base micropore and organic hole, contain a small amount of intragranular dissolved pore and pole
A small amount of siltstone of intergranular pore, the average pore of argillaceous siltstoue, permeability are taken second place；Porosity type is miscellaneous base micropore, organic
Hole, the packsand of a small amount of intragranular dissolved pore and a small amount of intergranular pore, the average pore of seriate sandstone, permeability are minimum；
Step 6: Reservoir Classification
Evaluation of classification is carried out by the main contral parameter for the reservoir properties selected, and determines the corresponding reservoir of different type reservoir
Cause condition, Petrographic Features, Pore Textures (pores'growth feature can also be referred to as), reservoir properties, pore structure
Etc. one or more of parameters combination；
As a result are as follows: I class reservoir lithology be mud shale, silty, average grain diameter be less than 0.01mm, porosity 2~
6%, porosity type is miscellaneous base micropore, organic hole and a small amount of intragranular dissolved pore, and pore-size distribution is 5~50nm；II class reservoir lithology is
Siltstone, argillaceous siltstoue, 0.01~0.1mm of average grain diameter, porosity 1.5~5%, porosity type are miscellaneous base micropore, organic
Hole, a small amount of intragranular dissolved pore and minute quantity intergranular pore, 10~50nm of pore-size distribution；III class reservoir lithology is packsand, seriate sand
Rock, average grain diameter are greater than 0.1mm, porosity 2~4%, and porosity type is miscellaneous base micropore, You Jikong, a small amount of intragranular dissolved pore and lacks
Measure intergranular pore, 30~100nm of pore-size distribution.
Embodiment 2
In western part of China North Tarim Basin, being mainly made of fluvial facies, delta facies for a set of Stable distritation is developed
River phase sandstone, sandstone porosity be 1~8%, permeability is mainly 0.01~0.1 × 10-3μm2, belong to compactness reservoir.
Following problem is mainly faced when reservoir study: (1) the cementing type of reservoir is more, and some a small amount of cement individuals are smaller, it is difficult to reflect
It is fixed；(2) hole individual is smaller, and micropore, nano-pore are relatively developed, and common casting body flake is difficult to it；(3) particle contact is tight
Close, it is extremely low that radius is shouted in hole, when highest is lower into mercury pressure, it is difficult to which structure feature is shouted in reflection hole comprehensively.In this regard, the present embodiment mentions
The micropore structure evaluation and Reservoir Classification method for above-mentioned compact reservoir are supplied, as shown in Figure 1 comprising following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: analysis reservoir genesis and Petrographic Features
(1) microfacies analysis is carried out (wherein, to the observation of core sample according to facies marker etc. according to the observation to core sample
Method can refer to People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " conventional method of analysis of SY/T 5336-1996 rock core ",
The conventional Phase Analysis Method that microfacies analysis is this field is carried out according to facies marker, particular content repeats no more herein), really
Determine type of sedimentary facies；As a result are as follows: sandstone is formed in delta front distributary channel microfacies environment；
(2) using microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (QEMScan) observe and count microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample ingredient,
Sorting, and determine the content (can indicate content with Areal porosity) and their type of miscellaneous base and all cements, to determine rock
Stone type and structure feature；
As a result as shown in Figure 5: rock be in, particulate landwaste arkose and feldspar rock-fragment sandstone, sorting preferably, in rounding
It is shale, iron cement matter, miscellaneous basal plane porosity 3.3% Deng, miscellaneous base；Develop quartz, albite, calcite, dolomite, clay it is cementing,
Cream matter etc., cement Areal porosity are 10.4%；
(3) 1000 rock debris samples are randomly selected using cathodoluminescence microscope and carry out detrital grain granulometry,
Calculate rock initial porosity Φ0(%), rock grain size intermediate value and rock sorting coefficient (calculate rock initial porosity Φ0, rock
The method of stone median grain diameter and rock sorting coefficient may refer to: Scherer M.Parameters influencing
porosity in sandstones:A model for sandstone porosity prediction[J].AAPG
Bulletin, 1987,71 (5): 485-491；Beard D C, Weyl P K.Influence of texture on
Porosity and permeability of unconsolidated sand [J] .AAPG Bulletin, 1973,57 (2)
349-369)；
As a result are as follows: sandstone be averaged sorting coefficient be 1.5, sandstone grain intermediate value be Φ 2.5, sandstone initial porosity Φ0For
36.2%；
Step 2: analysis reservoir properties feature
Using covering, instrument is seeped in pressure hole and pulse permeameter measures the overburden porosity and pulse permeability of core sample respectively；
The results are shown in Table 1；
Step 3: observation reservoir Pore Textures
It is thrown using fluorescence microscope fluorescence casting body flake, and using field emission scanning electron microscope observation argon ion
Light sample, analyze different scale porosity type and/or size and/or connection situation, and/or statistics different type hole face
Porosity；
Wherein, the fluorescence casting body flake is through the following steps that preparation: colour epoxy is added in a small amount of fluorescer
Resin, the hole for the sample of sandstone for then under vacuum conditions handling the injection of the mixture of fluorescer and epoxy resin by washing oil
Fluorescence casting body flake is made in gap, and the mass ratio of the fluorescer and the colour epoxy resin can be 1:2-1:4；
Argon ion polishing sample is through the following steps that preparation: successively being mechanically polished to rock sample, argon
After ion polishing, coating film treatment, the argon ion polishing sample is obtained；Wherein, coating film treatment can be conventional using this field
Ion sputtering method it is gold-plated, about 20 nanometers of the thickness of plated film；It is thrown using field emission scanning electron microscope observation argon ion
Light sample is imaged using backscattered electron；
The field emission scanning electron microscope is field emission scanning electron microscope of the resolution ratio up to 0.04nm；
As a result as shown in Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b and Fig. 7: porosity type has remaining intergranular pore, remaining early stage intergranular dissolved pore, advanced stage grain
Between dissolution pore, intragranular hole；Remaining intergranular pore Areal porosity is 2.9%, and remaining early stage intergranular corrosion hole Areal porosity is averagely about 0.5%,
Advanced stage intergranular dissolved pore Areal porosity is about 1.3%, intragranular hole Areal porosity about 0.3%；
Step 4: experimental method measures RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE parameter
It can determine rock according to above-mentioned field emission scanning electron microscope observation result and fluorescence casting body flake observation result
Stone is mainly made of sheet throat；
Using the pore throat parameter of high-pressure mercury method measurement rock sample, determines the pore-size distribution of reservoir, specifically include: by rock
Stone sample is made after core column by being dried, and is vacuumized to remove the steam and other gases in sample, then to
Mercury is infused in sample dilatometer and starts to measure；Before taking out sample dilatometer from PORE SIZE APPARATUS FOR, it is ensured that pressure is reduced to greatly in instrument
Air pressure determines that mercury has penetrated into most of sample by observing；After measurement, by being obtained into the relationship of mercury volume and pressure
Obtain capillary pressure curve；The pore-size distribution of sample is calculated according to capillary pressure curve；It can specifically refer to: Chinese people's republicanism
State's national standard " GB/T 21650.1-2008/ISO 15901-1:2005 mercury injection method and gas determination of adsorption method solid material hole
Diameter distribution and porosity part 1: mercury injection method "；It is wherein maximum so that maximum is higher than 70~80% into mercury saturation degree into mercury pressure；Knot
Fruit shouts that radius, displacement pressure, that the parameters such as radius are shouted in largest connected hole is as shown in table 1 as shown in figure 8, obtaining intermediate value hole；
Step 5: research diagenesis
(1) using cathodoluminescence microscope and microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (Qemscan) observe respectively cathodoluminescence piece with
The compacted property of microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample, including in particle contact relation, grain orientation, fracture intensity etc.
One or more of combinations；Calculate the compaction loss porosity for carrying out the rock sample of compacted property observation, compaction loss hole
Spend (%)=initial porosity Φ0Residue interstitial volume IGV (%) after (%)-compacting；Remaining interstitial volume IGV after compacting
(%)=miscellaneous base content (i.e. Areal porosity) (%)+cement content (i.e. Areal porosity) (%)+intergranular porosity (%)；Wherein, just
Beginning porosity Φ0For the sandstone initial porosity Φ determined in step 1 (3)0, miscellaneous base content and cement content are respectively step
The miscellaneous base content and all cement contents determined in one (2), intergranular porosity are that different type hole face is counted in step 3
(intergranular pore Areal porosity is intergranular porosity) identified when porosity；
As a result as shown in figs. 5 and 9: sandstone suppress it is real with weak compacting and deposit, contacted with line based on, part point contact,
Grain rupture and crack comparative development, calculating compaction loss porosity is 21%；
(2) using cathodoluminescence microscope and microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (QEMScan) observe respectively cathodoluminescence piece with
Different type cement and glue of the same race are distinguished in the cement type and/or content of microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample and/or occurrence
Knot object is differently formed the phase time, determines each cementing sequencing, counts the Areal porosity of different type different times cement；
As a result as shown in figs. 5 and 9: can be observed carbonate cementation contacted with particle between have micro feldspar, quartz
It increases, illustrates that feldspar and quartz secondary occur before carbonate cementation；Carbonate cements are that hole gap type-base type is cementing,
Cathodoluminescence issues orange coloured light, illustrates that these carbonate cementations have also just occurred without when being sufficiently compacted in deposit, yin
The carbonate cementation of hair Exocarpium Citri Rubrum coloured light is also shown under extremely shining, around the carbonate of explanation early stage orange coloured light, Exocarpium Citri Rubrum coloured light
Carbonate cementation it is less, show that carbonate experienced for two phases cementing, orange-yellow carbonate early formation, cementing strong, Chinese red
Carbonate formed it is late, it is cementing weak；General diagenetic regularity is followed, successively determines each cementing sequencing and cementing Areal porosity；First
It is that feldspar and quartz secondary are cementing, secondly feldspar and quartz secondary Areal porosity average out to 1.2% are early stage carbonate cementation face
Rate 6.4% eventually forms later-period carbonate cement, and average Areal porosity is 2.8%；
(3) argon ion polishing sample is observed respectively using field emission scanning electron microscope and fluorescence microscope and fluorescence is cast
The corrosion of body thin slice (preparation method and analysis method of these samples are hereinbefore it was mentioned that the invention that details are not described herein again) is special
Sign, the combination including one or more of corrosion object, corrosion mode and dissolution extent etc., in conjunction with including compacting and/or glue
(acquisition of structural evolution and buried history can refer to some existing the Diagenetic and structural evolution and buried history of knot etc.
Have technology, such as can refer to: Qi Jiafu, Yang Qiao, Wang Ziyu wait about the Railway Project of establishment basin-mountain frame work section
Discussion [J] geology opinion comment, 2001,47 (4): 388-392；Elliott D, The construction of balanced
5 (1): cross sections.J.Struct.Geol.1983 101), determines that corrosion may period；
As a result as shown in Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b and Fig. 7: corrosion object is mainly intergranular carbonate cements, a small amount of feldspar
Grain and Authigenic albite；Under the microscope it can be seen that corrosion hole in part receives to be crushed after obvious construction squeezes deformation or disappears
It loses, shows there is a phase corrosion before construction extruding, and the form of some dissolution pore random distributions, astaticism and flattening, table
Bright its is not squeezed by construction, illustrates that these corrosions are occurred after construction squeezes, and combined structure develops and buries process,
Early stage corrosion betides the construction lifting stage, and advanced stage corrosion betides deep burried structure strong compression stage advanced stage；
(4) information obtained in combining step five (1)-(3) determines compacting, cementing, corrosion sequencing, and will be different
Diagenesis (diagenesis be include compacting, cementing, corrosion etc.) and the same period secondary same diagenesis are not allocated in difference
It buries the stage, and then restores diagenesis and pore evolution process；
Diagenetic process are as follows: slowly burying the stage for a long time is to bury compacting → a small amount of quartz, feldspar increasing → carbonate strong rubber
Knot；The construction lifting stage is carbonate, the raw corrosion of feldspar early stage table；Slowly burying the stage again is that carbonate is weak cementing；Quickly
The deep strong compression stage of burried structure is that construction extruding subtracts hole → advanced stage corrosion；Pore evolution process are as follows: depositing initial porosity is
36.2%, miscellaneous fiduciary point goes 3.3%, and it is 12.6% that slowly the stage of burying, which buries compaction loss porosity, for a long time, feldspar, quartz secondary
Loss 1.2%, early stage carbonate cementation loss 6.4%, sandstone porosity is 12.7% into before constructing the lifting stage, later
Into the construction lifting stage, the raw corrosion of table occurs, first phase corrosion increases porosity at least 0.5%, therefore, constructs the lifting stage
Porosity is at least 13.2%, after slowly burying again afterwards, and later-period carbonate cementation losses hole is 2.8%, is reduced to 10.4%,
It is 7.2% that rapid burial, which constructs compression stage construction and squeezes loss hole, and corrosion later increases by 1.6%；
Step 6: analysis control factor of reservoir property
(1) the determining type of sedimentary facies of analysis above-mentioned steps, miscellaneous base are containing amount and type, the content and class of all cements
The combination of one or more of the parameters such as type, rock grain size, the rock sorting coefficient reservoir porosity determining with above-mentioned steps,
The relationship of permeability, selecting influences the biggish reservoir genesis condition of reservoir properties and Petrographic Features parameter；As a result are as follows: deposition item
Part controls reservoir properties unobvious；
(2) pore-size distribution of the porosity type, size and connection situation, reservoir of the different scale that analysis above-mentioned steps determine
Etc. one or more of parameters combination and above-mentioned steps determine reservoir porosity, permeability relationship, select influence storage
The biggish Pore Textures of layer physical property and parameter of pore structure；As a result are as follows: advanced stage dissolution pore and remaining intergranular pore, intermediate value hole shout half
The parameters such as diameter, displacement pressure and reservoir properties are in close relations；
(3) group of one or more of parameters such as compacting, cementing, corrosion in the diagenetic process that above-mentioned steps determine is analyzed
The relationship of the reservoir porosity, permeability that determine with above-mentioned steps is closed, selecting influences the biggish Diagenetic Factors of reservoir properties；
As a result are as follows: reservoir properties are mainly controlled by compacting and carbonate cementation；
Step 7: Reservoir Classification
Evaluation of classification is carried out by the main contral parameter for the reservoir properties selected, and determines the corresponding reservoir of different type reservoir
Cause condition, Petrographic Features, Pore Textures (pores'growth feature can also be referred to as), Diagenetic, reservoir
The combination of one or more of the parameters such as physical property, pore structure；The results are shown in Table 1.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of compact reservoir micropore structure evaluation and Reservoir Classification method, it is 2-8% that this method, which is to porosity, infiltration
Rate is 0.1-0.001 × 10-3μm2The micropore structure of compact reservoir evaluated comprising following steps:
Step 1: analysis reservoir genesis and Petrographic Features
(1) microfacies analysis is carried out according to facies marker according to the observation to core sample, determines type of sedimentary facies；And
(2) mineral constituent for utilizing total rock X-ray diffraction analysis total rock X-ray diffraction analysis sample, utilizes clay mineral X-ray
The relative amount of all kinds of clay minerals in diffraction analysis clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis sample；And/or
(3) cathodoluminescence piece and/or micro- is observed and counts respectively using cathodoluminescence microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral
The ingredient of area's quantitative analysis of mineral sample, sorting, and determine the content and their type of miscellaneous base and all cements, really
Determine rock type and structure feature；And/or
(4) a large amount of rock debris samples are randomly selected using cathodoluminescence microscope and carries out detrital grain granulometry, calculate rock
Stone initial porosity Φ0(%) and/or rock grain size intermediate value and/or rock sorting coefficient；
Step 2: analysis reservoir properties feature
(1) using covering, instrument is seeped in pressure hole and/or pulse permeameter measures the overburden porosity of core sample respectively and/or pulse is seeped
Saturating rate determines the porosity and/or permeability of reservoir；
Step 3: observation reservoir Pore Textures
(1) fluorescence microscope fluorescence casting body flake is utilized, and is thrown using field emission scanning electron microscope observation argon ion
Light sample, analyze different scale porosity type and/or size and/or connection situation, and/or statistics different type hole face
Porosity；The fluorescence casting body flake is through the following steps that preparation: colour epoxy resin is added in a small amount of fluorescer, then
The hole of sample of sandstone by the injection of the mixture of fluorescer and epoxy resin by washing oil processing under vacuum conditions, is made glimmering
Light casting body flake；
Step 4: experimental method measures RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE parameter
(1) using the pore throat parameter of high-pressure mercury method measurement rock sample, the pore-size distribution of reservoir is determined；Using high-pressure mercury method
The pore throat parameter of measurement rock sample specifically includes: rock sample being made after core column by being dried, is vacuumized
To remove the steam and other gases in sample, mercury is then infused into sample dilatometer and starts to measure；Sample is taken out from PORE SIZE APPARATUS FOR
Before product dilatometer, it is ensured that pressure is reduced to atmospheric pressure in instrument, determines that mercury has penetrated into most of sample by observing；It surveys
After amount, capillary pressure curve is obtained by the relationship into mercury volume and pressure；Sample is calculated according to capillary pressure curve
Pore-size distribution；
(2) using the pore throat parameter of nitrogen adsorption methods measurement rock sample, the pore-size distribution of reservoir is determined；Using nitrogen adsorption methods
The pore throat parameter of measurement rock sample specifically includes: rock sample being crushed to 150~250 mesh, is then removed and is inhaled by degassing
The physical absorption substance on attached dose of surface；In experimentation, nitrogen is gone out by repeatedly measurement or adoption status equation calculation first
Saturation pressure P0, the nitrogen pressure being then stepped up on sample records isothermal desorption branch, hereafter gradually reduces sample
On nitrogen pressure, record isothermal desorption branch；The pore-size distribution of sample is calculated by adsorption-desorption isothermal；
Step 4-1: research diagenesis:
(1) cathodoluminescence piece and/or microcell mineral are observed respectively using cathodoluminescence microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral
The compacted property of quantitative analysis sample；Calculate the compaction loss porosity for carrying out the rock sample of compacted property observation, compacting damage
Lose porosity=initial porosity Φ0Remaining interstitial volume IGV after compacting；The residue miscellaneous base of interstitial volume IGV=contains after compacting
Amount+cement content+intergranular porosity；Wherein, initial porosity Φ0For the rock initial porosity determined in step 1 (4)
Φ0, miscellaneous base content and cement content are respectively the miscellaneous base content and all cement contents determined in step 1 (3), intergranular
Porosity is identified when being statistics different type hole Areal porosity in step 3 (1)；
(2) cathodoluminescence piece and/or microcell mineral are observed respectively using cathodoluminescence microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral
The cement type and/or content of quantitative analysis sample and/or occurrence distinguish different type cement and cement of the same race not
Same formation phase determines each cementing sequencing, and/or the Areal porosity of statistics different type different times cement；
(3) argon is observed respectively using field emission scanning electron microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral and/or fluorescence microscope
The corrosion feature of ion polishing sample and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample and/or fluorescence casting body flake, in conjunction with including
Compacting and/or cementing Diagenetic and structural evolution and buried history determine that corrosion may period；
(4) information obtained in (1)-(3) of combining step four -1 determines compacting, cementing, corrosion sequencing, and will be different
The same diagenesis of diagenesis and the not same period time are allocated in difference and bury the stage, and then restore diagenetic process；
Step 5: analysis control factor of reservoir property
(1) analysis above-mentioned steps determining type of sedimentary facies, mineral constituent and content, miscellaneous base contain amount and type, all cements
Combination containing one or more of amount and type, rock grain size, rock sorting coefficient and the reservoir hole that determines of above-mentioned steps
The relationship of porosity and/or permeability, selecting influences the biggish reservoir genesis condition of reservoir properties and Petrographic Features parameter；
(2) in the pore-size distribution of analysis above-mentioned steps determine the porosity type of different scale, size and connection situation, reservoir
The relationship of one or more of combination and the above-mentioned steps reservoir porosity determined and/or permeability, selects influence reservoir properties
Biggish Pore Textures and parameter of pore structure；
Step 6: Reservoir Classification
Evaluation of classification is carried out by the main contral parameter for the reservoir properties selected, and determines the corresponding reservoir genesis of different type reservoir
The combination of one or more of condition, Petrographic Features, Pore Textures, reservoir properties, parameter of pore structure.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, in step 1 (4), the rock for carrying out detrital grain granulometry is broken
The quantity for considering sample to be worth doing is 300~1000.
3. method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (3), the fluorescer with
The mass ratio of the colour epoxy resin is 1:2-1:4；In step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (3), the argon ion polishes sample
Product are through the following steps that preparation: successively being mechanically polished, argon ion polishing, after coating film treatment, obtain to rock sample
The argon ion polishes sample；It is using back scattering electricity using field emission scanning electron microscope observation argon ion polishing sample
Son imaging；
In step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (3), the field emission scanning electron microscope is field of the resolution ratio up to 0.04nm
Emit scanning electron microscope.
4. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, step 5 further include: (3) analyze the diagenetic process that above-mentioned steps determine
The combination of one or more of middle compacting, cementing, corrosion and the pass of the above-mentioned steps reservoir porosity determined and/or permeability
System, selecting influences the biggish Diagenetic Factors of reservoir properties；The corresponding parameter of different type reservoir further includes into step 6
Rock function Characteristics.
5. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, the compacted property in step 4-1 (1) include particle contact relation,
The combination of one or more of grain directionality, fracture intensity.
6. the corrosion feature in step 4-1 (3) includes corrosion object according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, molten
The combination of one or more of erosion mode and dissolution extent.
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