CN105334149A - Micro-pore structure evaluation and reservoir classification method for tight reservoirs - Google Patents
Micro-pore structure evaluation and reservoir classification method for tight reservoirs Download PDFInfo
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a micro-pore structure evaluation and reservoir classification method for tight reservoirs. The method comprises steps as follows: the origin and the petrologic features of each reservoir are analyzed, and the phase type, the content and the like of each reservoir are determined; physical features of each reservoir are analyzed; features of a reservoir space of each reservoir are observed, and the pore type, the surface porosity and the like are determined; pore structure parameters of the reservoirs are measured with a high-pressure mercury intrusion method and a nitrogen adsorption method; the diagenesis is researched, and compaction, cementation and corrosion sequences are determined; physical property control factors of the reservoirs are analyzed; the reservoirs are classified. The method mainly has the effects as follows: the diagenesis and the influences of the diagenesis on the reservoirs are comprehensively reflected through cathode luminescence and micro-area mineral quantitative analysis; micro pores of the tight reservoirs are researched elaborately through fluorescent casting and field emission scanning electron microscopy; the microscopic features of the tight reservoirs are determined accurately through high-pressure mercury intrusion experiments and the nitrogen adsorption experiments; the parameters are optimized for classification and evaluation of the reservoirs, and the method has a great significance in further prediction of beneficial developing stratums or zones.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compact reservoir micropore structure to evaluate and Reservoir Classification method, belong to geology studying technological domain in field of petroleum exploitation.
Background technology
The having a very wide distribution of China's low permeability reservoir, resource potential are large, have become the emphasis of oil-gas exploration now.For the such as Sichuan siron door low hole-low permeability sandstone reservoirs such as Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Ordos Basin Triassic Yanchang Formation, Northern Margin of Tarim Basin, Xinjiang storehouse car down warping region sieve dwarf-Cretaceous System in front of the mountains, before launched excessive quantity research per capita, and establish a series of evaluation method.But early stage research object, hole is grown relatively often, and physical property is relatively good reservoir also, and the average pore as Longdong Area, Ordos Basin prolongation group reservoir is 10.25%, and mean permeability is 1.42 × 10
-3μm
2, the average pore of western depression of Sichuan basin filial piety-Xin-conjunction area palpus two sections of reservoirs is 6.01%, and mean permeability is 0.51316 × 10
-3μm
2, the average pore of palpus four sections of reservoirs is 3.76%, and mean permeability is 0.37197 × 10
-3μm
2, all belong to low hole-low permeability reservoir category.
At present for the research of the micropore structure of above-mentioned several low hole-low permeability reservoir, most researchers still adopts the technical method the same with conventional reservoir, comprise: by the Petrographic Features of the means analysis sandstone such as conventional polarized light microscope observing common rocks thin slice, total rock X-ray diffraction, as the composition etc. of rock particles and chink; By conventional polarized light microscope observing pore cast thin slice, plain scan electron microscope observation pore character, as the form, size, the origin cause of formation etc. of hole and venturi; Pore throat character is measured, as pore throat radius distribution, pore throat are interconnected relation etc. by mercury intrusion method.
But, along with carrying out further of unconventionaloil pool exploratory development, in above-mentioned reservoir, found again to be rich in potentiality and the extremely low layer position of factor of porosity, permeability, if western depression of Sichuan basin must the average pore of five sections of tight gas reservoirs be 3.21%, mean permeability is 0.0329 × 10
-3μm
2, far below belonging to the palpus two sections of Xu jiahe and palpus four sections together, the basic characteristics of compact reservoir are: (1) reservoir permeability energy extreme difference, permeability is less than 0.01 × 10 usually
-3μm
2; (2) reservoir pore space is both little and few, and diameter is less than several microns usually, even only has tens nanometers; (3) fine and close complex genesis, controls by deposition and the multiple geologic agent of diagenesis.The hole of growing in compact reservoir is often very small, is difficult to epoxy resin die casting liquid to inject when prepared by casting body flake, is also difficult to observe the hole only having micron-nanometer level with the enlargement factor of conventional polarizing microscope; Equally, adopt the experimental technique of conventional pressure mercury, also not easily mercury is pressed into nano level venturi, is difficult to the distribution range measuring reservoir pore throat.Therefore, the reservoir of the extreme densification minimum for this kind of hole, permeability is extremely low, adopts conventional study thinking and technological means to be difficult to evaluate its micropore structure.
Below the technology of these routines is specifically introduced.One of conventional low permeability reservoir micropore structure research method utilizes standard transmitted light polarizing microscope to observe pore cast thin slice.Wherein, the concrete preparation process of pore cast thin slice is: (1) drills through shape by People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " conventional method of analysis of SY/T5336-2006 rock core " is cylindrical or cuboidal sample, cuts the rock sample of 25mm × 25mm × 5mm; By rock sample toluene washing oil, the airing at normal temperatures cut; In vacuum drying oven, under normal temperature state, keep negative pressure continuously about-0.08Mpa, more than vacuum drying 48h; (2) by dry rock sample blowhole body of casting instrument in temperature lower than 70 DEG C of die casting, by die casting liquid by specific proportions inject, the die casting time is 1h, and pressure is 30Mpa, vacuum degree>=8 × 10
-2holder; (3) after die casting, by People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " SY/T5913-2004 rock flaking method " film-making.After preparing pore cast thin slice, utilize standard transmitted light polarizing microscope to carry out thin section identification, its concrete steps are: (1) analyzes the chip of sample and assorted base, the composition of cementing matter, content and rock texture feature, determines sandstone rock type; (2) particle contacts relation, interstitial volume size, the plastic rock debris deformation determination compacted property of reservoir is observed, observe cementation type, degree of consolidation, cementing matter occurrence research cementation, estimate corrosion object, corrosion surface porosity determination Dissolution Characteristics; (3) observe reservoir mesoporosity form, size, distribution, determine hole genetic type, observe venturi form, thickness, distribution, analyze pore throat connected relation; (4) analyze the impact of not syndiagenesis on pores'growth, by the estimation of Areal porosity, analyze pore evolution process.
But, this utilizes standard transmitted light polarizing microscope to there is following defect to the technology that pore cast thin slice is observed: be first because venturi in compact reservoir is very tiny, perviousness extreme difference, in press casting procedure, be difficult to die casting liquid to inject hole, can be found by standard transmitted light polarizing microscope after film-making completes, in thin slice, almost completely free method observes body of casting existence, namely cannot find hole; Secondly, even if die casting liquid can be injected during die casting, the limited resolution of standard transmitted light polarizing microscope, when being amplified to 400 times, image is clear not, is difficult to the feature observing micron-nanometer level hole.
Two of conventional low permeability reservoir micropore structure research method is X-ray diffraction analysis methods, may be used for measuring Clay Minerals of Sedimentary Rocks and common non-clay mineral content.Because each mineral crystal all has specific X ray diffracting spectrum, the content positive correlation of these mineral in characteristic peaks intensity and sample in collection of illustrative plates, therefore take positive correlation---the K value that experimental technique can be determined between the content of certain mineral and the intensity of its characteristic diffraction peak, and then obtain the content of these mineral by the intensity of the characteristic peak of measuring these mineral in unknown sample.
Total rock X-ray diffraction analysis method can measure the relative content of often kind of mineral in sample, can be used as and supplements the effective of thin slice lens-belowed identifying of reservoir rock types.But the mineral assemblage often need to determine certain ken in practical study under, especially by the mineral species analyzed around hole to judge the genetic type of this hole, only adopt total rock X-ray diffraction analysis method cannot meet these needs.
Three of conventional low permeability reservoir micropore structure research method utilizes pressure mercury experimental technique to obtain intrusive mercury curve, and its form reflects the connectivity between the developmental state of each pore throat sector hole gap and hole.The research of prior art centering low permeability reservoir pore texture is all fill mercury by adding sample to press in sample well gap, and the volume penetrating into mercury in hole or space recorded is the function of the static pressure relevant to aperture.By mercury injection pressure and the mercurous volume of corresponding sample of actual measurement, and after trying to achieve mercury saturation value and pore constriction radius as calculated, the relation curve of capillary pressure, pore constriction radius and mercury saturation can be drawn, and the parameters such as replacement pressure, pore constriction median radius, capillary pressure intermediate value, minimum unsaturated porosity and the frequency distribution of pore constriction radius can be tried to achieve.
But, there is following defect in pressure mercury experimental technique: it needs mercury to be filled with hole, can measure minimum-value aperture with test in use maximum enter mercury pressure relevant, the pore diameter range that under 100MPa, mercury intrusion method can be measured is 14nm ~ 400 μm, namely cannot measure the aperture being less than 14nm; Meanwhile, due to the permeance property extreme difference of compact reservoir, be difficult to mercury to be pressed in the hole of sample in experimentation, survey and may be no more than 50% into mercury saturation, conventional method cannot be adopted to calculate the parameters such as pore throat radius intermediate value.
Four of conventional low permeability reservoir micropore structure research method is the core plunger steady state method mensurated gas composition permeabilities adopting axially stream.Its principle utilizes gaseous state steady seepage rate equation, its instrument with electronic sensor and high pressure rock core fastener, have robotization strong, can simulated formation pressure, accuracy and precision advantages of higher.But, adopt the actual measurable permeability limits of steady state method measuring gas permebility to be 0.1 × 10
-3μm
2.Densified sample reaches the chronic of steady state (SS) needs, and flow measurement is quite inaccurate.
Therefore, develop a kind of compact reservoir micropore structure and evaluate and Reservoir Classification method, be still one of this area problem demanding prompt solution.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, a kind of compact reservoir micropore structure is the object of the present invention is to provide to evaluate and Reservoir Classification method.The method micropore structure that is minimum to hole, compact reservoir that permeability is extremely low can carry out effective evaluation.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of compact reservoir micropore structure and evaluate and Reservoir Classification method, it comprises the following steps:
Step one: analyze reservoir genesis and Petrographic Features
(1) microfacies analysis is carried out (wherein according to the observation of core sample according to facies marker etc., can with reference to People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " conventional method of analysis of SY/T5336-1996 rock core " to the observational technique of core sample, the conventional Phase Analysis Method that microfacies analysis is this area is carried out according to facies marker, its particular content repeats no more in this article), determine type of sedimentary facies; And
(2) utilize the mineral constituent of total rock X-ray diffraction analysis total rock X-ray diffraction analysis sample, utilize the relative content of all kinds of clay mineral in clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis sample (preparation method of analytical approach and sample can reference: People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " SY/T5163-2010 Clay Minerals of Sedimentary Rocks and common non-clay mineral content X-ray diffraction analysis method "); And/or
(3) cathodeluminescence microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (QEMScan) is utilized to observe and add up composition, the sorting of cathodeluminescence sheet and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample respectively, and determine content (can Areal porosity represent content) and their type of assorted base and all cementing matters, determine rock type and architectural feature (this step is particularly useful for sandstone reservoir); And/or
(4) utilize a large amount of rock debris sample of cathodeluminescence microscope random selecting to carry out detrital grain granulometry, calculate rock initial porosity Φ
0(%) and/or rock grain size intermediate value and/or rock sorting coefficient (calculate rock initial porosity Φ
0, rock grain size intermediate value and rock sorting coefficient method can be see: SchererM.Parametersinfluencingporosityinsandstones:Amode lforsandstoneporosityprediction [J] .AAPGBulletin, 1987,71 (5): 485-491; BeardDC, WeylPK.Influenceoftextureonporosityandpermeabilityofunco nsolidatedsand [J] .AAPGBulletin, 1973,57 (2) 349-369) (this step is particularly useful for sandstone reservoir);
Step 2: analyze reservoir properties feature
(1) utilize and cover pressure hole and ooze overburden porosity and/or the pulse permeability that instrument and/or pulse permeameter measure core sample respectively, determine factor of porosity and/or the permeability of reservoir;
Step 3: observe reservoir Pore Textures
(1) fluorescence microscope fluorescence casting body flake is utilized, and/or utilize field emission scanning electron microscope to observe fresh section sample and/or argon ion polishing sample, analyze porosity type and/or the size of different scale and/or be communicated with situation, and/or adding up the Areal porosity of dissimilar hole;
Step 4: experimental technique measures RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE parameter
(1) adopt high-pressure mercury method to measure the pore throat parameter of rock sample, determine the pore diameter distribution of reservoir;
Step 5: analyze control factor of reservoir property
(1) analyze the relation of reservoir porosity that the combination of one or more in the parameters such as type of sedimentary facies that above-mentioned steps determines, mineral constituent and content, assorted base content and type, the content of all cementing matters and type, rock grain size, rock sorting coefficient and above-mentioned steps determine and/or permeability, selecting affects the larger reservoir genesis condition of reservoir properties and Petrographic Features parameter;
(2) analyze the relation of reservoir porosity that the combination of one or more in the parameter such as pore diameter distribution of the porosity type of the different scale determined of above-mentioned steps, size and connection situation, reservoir and above-mentioned steps determine and/or permeability, selecting affects the larger Pore Textures of reservoir properties and parameter of pore structure;
Step 6: Reservoir Classification
Carry out evaluation of classification by the main contral parameter of the reservoir properties selected, and determine the combination of one or more in the parameter such as reservoir genesis condition, Petrographic Features, Pore Textures (also can be referred to as pores'growth feature), reservoir properties, pore texture that dissimilar reservoir is corresponding.
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, after the step 4 of said method, also step 4-1 is comprised: research Diagn:
(1) cathodeluminescence microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (Qemscan) is utilized to observe the compacted property of cathodeluminescence sheet and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample respectively;
(2) cathodeluminescence microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (QEMScan) is utilized to observe the cementing matter type of cathodeluminescence sheet and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample and/or content and/or occurrence respectively, distinguish the different formation phase of dissimilar cementing matter and cementing matter of the same race, determine each cementing sequencing, and/or add up the Areal porosity of dissimilar different times cementing matter;
(3) field emission scanning electron microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (Qemscan) and/or fluorescent microscope is utilized to observe the corrosion feature of fresh section sample and/or argon ion polishing sample and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample and/or fluorescence casting body flake respectively, in conjunction with comprising compacting and/or cementing etc. Diagenetic, and structural evolution and buried history (acquisition of structural evolution and buried history can with reference to some prior aries, such as can reference: paint man good fortune, Yang Qiao, prince's illuminate, Deng. about the discussion [J] of the Railway Project of establishment basin-mountain frame work section. geology opinion is commented, 2001, 47 (4): 388-392, ElliottD, Theconstructionofbalancedcrosssections.J.Struct.Geol.198 3,5 (1): 101), determine that corrosion may period,
(4) sequencing of the information determination compacting obtained in (1)-(3) of combining step four-1, cementing, corrosion, and by not syndiagenesis (namely Diagn comprises compacting, cementing, corrosion etc.) and the same Diagn of same period time be allocated in difference and bury the stage, and then recover diagenetic process.
In the methods described above, preferably, in step one (4), the quantity of carrying out the rock debris sample of detrital grain granulometry is 300 ~ 1000.
In the methods described above, preferably, in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), described fluorescence casting body flake is prepared by following steps: a small amount of fluorescer is added colour epoxy resin, then under vacuum the potpourri of fluorescer and epoxy resin is injected the hole of the sample of sandstone through washing oil process, make fluorescence casting body flake.More preferably, the mass ratio of described fluorescer and described colour epoxy resin is 1:2-1:4.
In the methods described above, preferably, in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), described fresh section sample is prepared by following steps: will the fragment of surperficial opposed flattened be selected after broken for rock sample sample to carry out coating film treatment, obtain described fresh section sample.Wherein, coating film treatment can adopt the method for the ion sputtering of this area routine gold-plated, thickness about 20 nanometer of plated film.
In the methods described above, preferably, in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), described argon ion polishing sample is prepared by following steps: after carrying out mechanical buffing, argon ion polishing, coating film treatment successively to rock sample, obtains described argon ion polishing sample.Wherein, coating film treatment can adopt the method for the ion sputtering of this area routine gold-plated, thickness about 20 nanometer of plated film.
In the methods described above, preferably, in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), utilizing field emission scanning electron microscope to observe fresh section sample is adopt secondary electron imaging.
In the methods described above, preferably, in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), utilizing field emission scanning electron microscope to observe argon ion polishing sample is adopt backscattered electron imagine.
In the methods described above, preferably, in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), described field emission scanning electron microscope is the field emission scanning electron microscope that resolution can reach 0.04nm.
In the above-mentioned methods, preferably, the pore throat parameter adopting high-pressure mercury method to measure rock sample in step 4 (1) specifically comprises: made by rock sample after core post through super-dry process, vacuumized to remove the steam in sample and other gas, then in sample dilatometer, note mercury and start to measure; Before taking out sample dilatometer from PORE SIZE APPARATUS FOR, guaranteeing that in instrument, pressure is down to atmospheric pressure, determining that mercury has penetrated in most of sample by observing; After measurement terminates, obtain capillary pressure curve by the relation entering mercury volume and pressure; The pore diameter distribution of sample is calculated according to capillary pressure curve.Specifically can reference: National Standard of the People's Republic of China's " GB/T21650.1-2008/ISO15901-1:2005 mercury intrusion method and gas determination of adsorption method solid material pore diameter distribution and factor of porosity part 1: mercury intrusion method ".
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, also comprise in the step 4 of said method: (2) adopt nitrogen adsorption methods to measure the pore throat parameter of rock sample, determine the pore diameter distribution of reservoir.If when adopting high-pressure mercury method to measure the pore throat parameter of rock sample, maximum mercury saturation lower than 70%, then needs to adopt this nitrogen adsorption methods to be further analyzed pore texture.
In the above-mentioned methods, preferably, the pore throat parameter adopting nitrogen adsorption methods to measure rock sample in step 4 (2) specifically comprises: rock sample is crushed to 150 ~ 250 orders, then by the physisorption material of degassed removing adsorbent surface; In experimentation, first calculated the saturation pressure P of nitrogen by repetitive measurement or employing state equation
0, then progressively increase the nitrogen pressure on sample, record isothermal desorption branch, after this progressively reduce the nitrogen pressure on sample, record isothermal desorption branch; The pore diameter distribution of sample is calculated by adsorption-desorption isothermal.Specifically can reference: National Standard of the People's Republic of China's " GB/T21650.1-2008/IS015901-2:2006 mercury intrusion method and gas determination of adsorption method solid material pore diameter distribution and factor of porosity part 2: gas adsorption method analyzes mesoporous and macropore ".
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, when method of the present invention also comprises above-mentioned steps four-1, then above-mentioned steps five also comprises: (3) analyze the relation of reservoir porosity that the combination of one or more in the parameters such as compacting in the diagenetic process determined of above-mentioned steps, cementing, corrosion and above-mentioned steps determine and/or permeability, select and affect the larger Diagenetic Factors of reservoir properties.
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, preferably, when method of the present invention also comprises above-mentioned steps five (3), then the parameter that in above-mentioned steps six, dissimilar reservoir is corresponding also comprises Diagenetic.
In the above-mentioned methods, preferably, the compacted property in step 4-1 (1) comprises the combination of one or more in particle contacts relation, grain orientation, fracture intensity etc.
In the above-mentioned methods, preferably, step 4-1 (1) can also comprise: calculate the compaction loss factor of porosity carrying out the rock sample of compacted property observation, compaction loss factor of porosity (%)=initial porosity Φ
0(%) interstitial volume IGV (%) is remained after-compacting; Interstitial volume IGV (%)=assorted base content (i.e. Areal porosity) (%)+cementing matter content (i.e. Areal porosity) (%)+interparticle porosity (%) is remained after compacting; Wherein, initial porosity Φ
0for the rock initial porosity Φ determined in step one (4)
0assorted base content and cementing matter content are respectively the assorted base content and all cementing matter content determined in step one (3), when interparticle porosity is the dissimilar hole Areal porosity of statistics in step 3 (1) determined (interparticle pore Areal porosity is interparticle porosity).
In the above-mentioned methods, preferably, the corrosion feature in step 4-1 (3) comprises the combination of one or more in corrosion object, corrosion mode and dissolution extent etc.
The method for making of the rock sample mentioned in said method of the present invention all can adopt the method for making of this area routine, such as the method for making of core sample, rock debris sample, total rock X-ray diffraction analysis sample, clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis sample, cathodeluminescence sheet, microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample can be all this area routine, can the document of reference comprise: People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " SY/T5913-2004 rock flaking method "; People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " SY/T5163-2010 Clay Minerals of Sedimentary Rocks and common non-clay mineral content X-ray diffraction analysis method " etc.
In the present invention, described in the technical term related generally to is defined as follows.Compact reservoir: factor of porosity is 2 ~ 8%, permeability is 0.1 ~ 0.001 × 10
-3μm
2reservoir.Pore texture: the geometric shape of reservoir pore space and venturi, size, distribution characteristics and pore throat are interconnected the features such as relation.
Method provided by the invention is particularly useful for the compact reservoir with following characteristics: (1) reservoir permeability energy extreme difference, permeability is less than 0.01 × 10 usually
-3μm
2; (2) reservoir pore space is both little and few, and diameter is less than several microns usually, even only has tens nanometers; (3) fine and close complex genesis, controls by deposition and the multiple geologic agent of diagenesis.The hole of growing in compact reservoir is often very small, is difficult to epoxy resin die casting liquid to inject when prepared by casting body flake, is also difficult to observe the hole only having micron-nanometer level with the enlargement factor of conventional polarizing microscope; Equally, adopt the experimental technique of conventional pressure mercury, also not easily mercury is pressed into nano level venturi, is difficult to the distribution range measuring reservoir pore throat.Therefore, for the reservoir of this kind of extreme densification, adopt conventional study thinking and technological means to be difficult to reach target.
The present invention adopts argon ion polishing technology to observe in conjunction with field emission scanning electron microscope, effectively can identify the micro-pore of reservoir, as residual porosity, nano level assorted base micropore, nano level organic hole etc. between micron-sized particle, and coordinate Flied emission energy spectrum analysis technology, identify that mud extraction level, fine silt grade particles and shale mix the mineralogical composition of base to analyze the genetic type of hole; Can solve utilize standard transmitted light polarizing microscope pore cast thin slice is observed existing for problem.In addition, the present invention adopts microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (Qemscan) by carrying out Surface scan to sample surfaces, meticulously can determine type and the occurrence of the mineral being less than 1 μm, meets compact reservoir Diagn and pore character research; Total rock X-ray diffraction analysis method can be solved research institute's Problems existing is carried out to Diagn and pore character.In addition, the present invention adopts nitrogen adsorption experimental technique, and its measurement range is 0.4nm ~ 50nm, have overlapping with the measurement range of pressure mercury experimental technique, but more microcosmic, may be used for the distribution characteristics analyzing the pore throat that mercury intrusion method is not easily measured further, and with it mutually confirm, mutually supplement.Meanwhile, the present invention adopts the core plunger thermal pulse-decay method mensurated gas composition permeability of axially stream, and its measurement range is 0.00001 ~ 0.1nm × 10
-3μm
2, be the method for testing of sample extremely low for permeability specially; The problem existing for core plunger steady state method mensurated gas composition permeability of axially stream can be solved.In a word, the present invention utilizes microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (Qemscan) technology, can carry out the meticulous identification of mineral and Diagenetic; Adopt fluorescence casting body flake, argon ion polishing technology to coordinate field emission scanning electron microscope, Study of recognition can be carried out to micro-nano hole; That is tested by high-pressure mercury technology and nitrogen adsorption is cooperatively interacted, and can carry out the analysis of pore texture.Therefore, method of the present invention can accurate analysis mud level, fine silt grade particles lithology and mineral feature; The morphological feature of nano-micrometre level micro-pore can be observed and analyze its origin cause of formation; The size in the aperture of reservoir porosity being played to main contributions can be analyzed; And then the fine and close reason of reservoir can be determined and utilize reservoir pore throat parameter to carry out sort research to reservoir.
In sum, the beneficial effect that compact reservoir micropore structure provided by the invention evaluation and Reservoir Classification method are brought mainly comprises:
(1) utilize cathodeluminescence, microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (Qemscan) can determine mineralogical composition not easy to identify, catch the details on each diagenesis, thus reflect Diagn and the impact on reservoir thereof more all sidedly;
(2) utilize the hole fluorescence body of casting, field emission scanning electron microscope, observable pore scale is extended to nanoscale, improve hole accuracy of identification, contribute to carrying out scrutiny to the micro-pore of compact reservoir;
(3) utilize the precision that high-pressure mercury is tested, nitrogen adsorption experiment improves reservoir pore throat character sign, thus more accurately define the microscopic feature of compact reservoir;
(4) to the fine and close origin cause of formation of announcement reservoir, preferred parameters carries out reservoir classification and evaluation, to the favourable developing stratum of prediction further or zone significant.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the micropore structure evaluation of the compact reservoir of embodiment 1 and 2 and the schematic flow sheet of Reservoir Classification method;
Fig. 2 a is the field emission scanning electron microscope figure of the fresh section sample secondary electron imaging in embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 b is the field emission scanning electron microscope figure of the argon ion polishing sample back scattering imaging in embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 a is the capillary pressure curve of the high-pressure mercury method measured hole gap structure in embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 b is the pore throat diameter distribution curve of the high-pressure mercury method measured hole gap structure in embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 a is the absorption-desorption curve of the nitrogen adsorption methods measured hole gap structure in embodiment 1;
Fig. 4 b is the pore throat diameter distribution curve of the nitrogen adsorption methods measured hole gap structure in embodiment 1;
Fig. 5 is the microcell quantitative analysis of mineral figure in embodiment 2;
Fig. 6 a and Fig. 6 b is the fluorescence body of casting figure in embodiment 2;
Fig. 7 is the field emission scanning electron microscope figure of the argon ion polishing sample back scattering imaging in embodiment 2;
Fig. 8 is the result figure of the high-pressure mercury method measured hole gap structure in embodiment 2;
Fig. 9 is the cathodeluminescence microscope figure in embodiment 2.
Embodiment
In order to there be understanding clearly to technical characteristic of the present invention, object and beneficial effect, existing following detailed description is carried out to technical scheme of the present invention, but can not be interpreted as to of the present invention can the restriction of practical range.
Embodiment 1
The Xu jiahe in the western Sichuan Basin of China is deposit on Middle-Lower Triassic carbonatite a set of based on the coal measure strata of sand, mud stone, wherein must one, must three, must five sections based on mud stone, shale, folder flagstone, must two, must four, must six sections based on grey, canescence thin-middle sandstone.Western sichuan region exploration practices for a long time all with must two, must four sections of low permeability sandstone reservoirs for target, but by unconventionaloil pool appraisal find must five sections also there is very big Gas Potential.Must five sections of buried depth 3500 ~ 5000m, lithological combination based on thin sand-shale interbed, wherein packsand about 20%, siltstone about 25%, mud shale about 55%.Reservoir porosity average 3.21%, permeability average 0.0329 × 10
-3μm
2.Reservoir pore space is based on micron-nanometer level, in casting body flake, almost any hole cannot be observed by standard transmitted light polarizing microscope, adopt mercury intrusion method to enter mercury saturation under 100Mpa pressure and be usually no more than 50%, these features become a key difficult problem for pore configuration research.To this, present embodiments provide the micropore structure evaluation for above-mentioned compact reservoir and Reservoir Classification method, as shown in Figure 1, it comprises the following steps:
Step one: analyze reservoir genesis and Petrographic Features
(1) microfacies analysis is carried out (wherein according to the observation of core sample according to facies marker etc., can with reference to People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " conventional method of analysis of SY/T5336-1996 rock core " to the observational technique of core sample, the conventional Phase Analysis Method that microfacies analysis is this area is carried out according to facies marker, its particular content repeats no more in this article), determine type of sedimentary facies, result is: study area is in the low energy depositional environment of delta front far-end-shore Vlei;
(2) utilize the mineral constituent of total rock X-ray diffraction analysis total rock X-ray diffraction analysis sample, utilize the relative content of all kinds of clay mineral in clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis sample (preparation method of analytical approach and sample can reference: People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " SY/T5163-2010 Clay Minerals of Sedimentary Rocks and common non-clay mineral content X-ray diffraction analysis method "); Result is: in sandstone, detrital component is based on quartz, accounts for more than 50%, is secondly landwaste, is mainly carbonate mineral, accounts for 24%, and feldspar content is few, and on average less than 3%, assorted base content is higher, average more than 20%; Based on quartz and clay mineral in mud stone, be about 38% and 44% respectively; The composition of clay mineral mainly based on illite and illite/smectite mixed layer, chlorite and smalite content less;
Step 2: analyze reservoir properties feature
Utilize and cover pressure hole and ooze overburden porosity and the pulse permeability that instrument and pulse permeameter measure core sample respectively, determine the porosity and permeability of reservoir; Result is: packsand factor of porosity average out to 2.44%, permeability average out to 0.00817 × 10
-3μm
2; Siltstone factor of porosity average out to 3.13%, permeability average out to 0.00206 × 10
-3μm
2; Mud shale factor of porosity average out to 3.89%, permeability average out to 0.06778 × 10
-3μm
2;
Step 3: observe reservoir Pore Textures
As a comparison, when utilizing the casting body flake of standard transmitted light polarized light microscope observing use blue color circle epoxy resins die casting liquid, almost cannot observe any hole, its Areal porosity is close to 0%;
Utilize field emission scanning electron microscope to observe fresh section sample and argon ion polishing sample, analyze porosity type and/or the size of different scale and/or be communicated with situation;
Wherein, described fresh section sample is prepared by following steps: will the fragment of surperficial opposed flattened be selected after broken for rock sample sample to carry out coating film treatment, obtain described fresh section sample; Wherein, coating film treatment can adopt the method for the ion sputtering of this area routine gold-plated, thickness about 20 nanometer of plated film; Utilizing field emission scanning electron microscope to observe fresh section sample is adopt secondary electron imaging;
Described argon ion polishing sample is prepared by following steps: after carrying out mechanical buffing, argon ion polishing, coating film treatment successively to rock sample, obtains described argon ion polishing sample; Wherein, coating film treatment can adopt the method for the ion sputtering of this area routine gold-plated, thickness about 20 nanometer of plated film; Utilizing field emission scanning electron microscope to observe argon ion polishing sample is adopt backscattered electron imagine;
Described field emission scanning electron microscope is the field emission scanning electron microscope that resolution can reach 0.04nm;
Result is as shown in Figure 2 a and 2 b: clearly can observe the nanoscale hole in compact reservoir, and the mineral type of hole periphery is identified in conjunction with Flied emission energy spectrum analysis (EDAX), determine that reservoir mesoporosity is with assorted base micropore and organic Kong Weizhu, grow a small amount of intragranular dissolved pore, grow particle intergranular pore hardly;
Step 4: experimental technique measures RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE parameter
(1) high-pressure mercury method is adopted to measure the pore throat parameter of rock sample, determine the pore diameter distribution of reservoir, specifically comprise: rock sample is made after core post through super-dry process, vacuumized to remove the steam in sample and other gas, then in sample dilatometer, note mercury and start to measure; Before taking out sample dilatometer from PORE SIZE APPARATUS FOR, guaranteeing that in instrument, pressure is down to atmospheric pressure, determining that mercury has penetrated in most of sample by observing; After measurement terminates, obtain capillary pressure curve by the relation entering mercury volume and pressure; The pore diameter distribution of sample is calculated according to capillary pressure curve; Specifically can reference: National Standard of the People's Republic of China's " GB/T21650.1-2008/ISO15901-1:2005 mercury intrusion method and gas determination of adsorption method solid material pore diameter distribution and factor of porosity part 1: mercury intrusion method "; As shown in Figure 3 a and Figure 3 b shows, calculate known packsand pore diameter distribution at 30 ~ 100nm, siltstone and mud shale aperture do not have peak value to result in measurement range, and reflection is all less than 30nm; Because in high-pressure mercury analysis, maximum mercury saturation is on the low side, nitrogen adsorption methods is therefore adopted to analyze further;
(2) adopt nitrogen adsorption methods to measure the pore throat parameter of rock sample, determine the pore diameter distribution of reservoir, specifically comprise: rock sample is crushed to 150 ~ 250 orders, then by the physisorption material of degassed removing adsorbent surface; In experimentation, first calculated the saturation pressure P of nitrogen by repetitive measurement or employing state equation
0, then progressively increase the nitrogen pressure on sample, record isothermal desorption branch, after this progressively reduce the nitrogen pressure on sample, record isothermal desorption branch; By adsorption-desorption isothermal, the pore diameter distribution of sample can be calculated; Specifically can reference: National Standard of the People's Republic of China's " GB/T21650.1-2008/IS015901-2:2006 mercury intrusion method and gas determination of adsorption method solid material pore diameter distribution and factor of porosity part 2: gas adsorption method analyzes mesoporous and macropore "; As shown in figures 4 a and 4b, calculate known packsand aperture does not have peak value to result in measurement range, is generally greater than 30nm, and siltstone pore diameter distribution is at 10 ~ 50nm, and mud shale pore diameter distribution is at 5 ~ 50nm;
Visible, nitrogen adsorption experimental result can be confirmed mutually with pressure mercury experimental result;
Step 5: analyze control factor of reservoir property
(1) analyze the relation of reservoir porosity that the type of sedimentary facies determined of above-mentioned steps and/or the parameter such as mineral constituent and content and above-mentioned steps determine, permeability, select and affect the larger reservoir genesis condition of reservoir properties and Petrographic Features parameter;
Result is: in sedimentary micro type, and gulf between shunting, the average pore of shore Vlei mud, permeability are the highest, and be secondly mouth bar, Long-term therapy, Tan Ba, the poorest is distributary channel; In mineral constituent, clay mineral content and factor of porosity, permeability are proportionate, and quartz content and factor of porosity, permeability are negative correlation, and carbonate mineral content and factor of porosity, permeability are negative correlation;
(2) analyze the relation of reservoir porosity that the combination of one or more in the parameter such as pore diameter distribution of the porosity type of the different scale determined of above-mentioned steps, size and connection situation, reservoir and above-mentioned steps determine, permeability, selecting affects the larger Pore Textures of reservoir properties and parameter of pore structure;
Result is: porosity type is with assorted base micropore, organic Kong Weizhu, the highest containing the mud shale of minute quantity intragranular dissolved pore, the average pore of silty, permeability; Porosity type is taken second place with assorted base micropore and organic Kong Weizhu, the siltstone containing a small amount of intragranular dissolved pore and minute quantity intergranular pore, the average pore of pelitic siltstone, permeability; Porosity type is that the packsand of assorted base micropore, You Jikong, a small amount of intragranular dissolved pore and a small amount of intergranular pore, the average pore of seriate sandstone, permeability are minimum;
Step 6: Reservoir Classification
Carry out evaluation of classification by the main contral parameter of the reservoir properties selected, and determine the combination of one or more in the parameter such as reservoir genesis condition, Petrographic Features, Pore Textures (also can be referred to as pores'growth feature), reservoir properties, pore texture that dissimilar reservoir is corresponding;
Result is: I class reservoir lithology is mud shale, silty, and mean grain size is less than 0.01mm, factor of porosity 2 ~ 6%, and porosity type is assorted base micropore, organic hole and a small amount of intragranular dissolved pore, and pore diameter distribution is 5 ~ 50nm; II class reservoir lithology is siltstone, pelitic siltstone, mean grain size 0.01 ~ 0.1mm, factor of porosity 1.5 ~ 5%, and porosity type is assorted base micropore, You Jikong, a small amount of intragranular dissolved pore and minute quantity intergranular pore, pore diameter distribution 10 ~ 50nm; III class reservoir lithology is packsand, seriate sandstone, and mean grain size is greater than 0.1mm, factor of porosity 2 ~ 4%, and porosity type is assorted base micropore, You Jikong, a small amount of intragranular dissolved pore and a small amount of intergranular pore, pore diameter distribution 30 ~ 100nm.
Embodiment 2
At western part of China North Tarim Basin, grow the river course phase sandstone primarily of fluvial facies, delta facies composition of a set of Stable distritation, sandstone porosity is 1 ~ 8%, and permeability is mainly 0.01 ~ 0.1 × 10
-3μm
2, belong to compactness reservoir.Mainly face a following difficult problem during reservoir study: the cementing kind of (1) reservoir is many, some a small amount of cementing matter individualities are less, are difficult to qualification; (2) hole individuality is less, and micropore, nano-pore are comparatively grown, and common casting body flake is difficult to identify to it; (3) particle contacts is tight, and it is extremely low that radius is shouted in hole, when the highest enter mercury pressure lower time, be difficult to reflect that architectural feature is shouted in hole comprehensively.To this, present embodiments provide the micropore structure evaluation for above-mentioned compact reservoir and Reservoir Classification method, as shown in Figure 1, it comprises the following steps:
Step one: analyze reservoir genesis and Petrographic Features
(1) microfacies analysis is carried out (wherein according to the observation of core sample according to facies marker etc., can with reference to People's Republic of China's oil and gas industry standard " conventional method of analysis of SY/T5336-1996 rock core " to the observational technique of core sample, the conventional Phase Analysis Method that microfacies analysis is this area is carried out according to facies marker, its particular content repeats no more in this article), determine type of sedimentary facies; Result is: sandstone is formed at delta front distributary channel microfacies environment;
(2) utilize microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (QEMScan) to observe and add up the composition of microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample, sorting, and determine content (can Areal porosity represent content) and their type of assorted base and all cementing matters, to determine rock type and architectural feature;
Result is as shown in Figure 5: rock be in, particulate landwaste arkosic arenite and feldspar rock-fragment sandstone, sorting is better, and rounding is medium, and assorted base is shale, iron shale, assorted basal plane porosity 3.3%; Grow that quartz, soda feldspar, kalzit, rauhkalk, clay are cementing, cream matter etc., cementing matter Areal porosity is 10.4%;
(3) utilize cathodeluminescence microscope random selecting 1000 rock debris samples to carry out detrital grain granulometry, calculate rock initial porosity Φ
0(%), rock grain size intermediate value and rock sorting coefficient (calculate rock initial porosity Φ
0, rock grain size intermediate value and rock sorting coefficient method can be see: SchererM.Parametersinfluencingporosityinsandstones:Amode lforsandstoneporosityprediction [J] .AAPGBulletin, 1987,71 (5): 485-491; BeardDC, WeylPK.Influenceoftextureonporosityandpermeabilityofunco nsolidatedsand [J] .AAPGBulletin, 1973,57 (2) 349-369);
Result is: the average sorting coefficient of sandstone is 1.5, and sandstone grain intermediate value is Φ 2.5, sandstone initial porosity Φ
0be 36.2%;
Step 2: analyze reservoir properties feature
Utilize and cover pressure hole and ooze overburden porosity and the pulse permeability that instrument and pulse permeameter measure core sample respectively; Result is as shown in table 1;
Step 3: observe reservoir Pore Textures
Utilize fluorescence microscope fluorescence casting body flake, and utilize field emission scanning electron microscope to observe argon ion polishing sample, analyze porosity type and/or the size of different scale and/or be communicated with situation, and/or adding up the Areal porosity of dissimilar hole;
Wherein, described fluorescence casting body flake is prepared by following steps: a small amount of fluorescer is added colour epoxy resin, then under vacuum the potpourri of fluorescer and epoxy resin is injected the hole of the sample of sandstone through washing oil process, make fluorescence casting body flake, the mass ratio of described fluorescer and described colour epoxy resin can be 1:2-1:4;
Described argon ion polishing sample is prepared by following steps: after carrying out mechanical buffing, argon ion polishing, coating film treatment successively to rock sample, obtains described argon ion polishing sample; Wherein, coating film treatment can adopt the method for the ion sputtering of this area routine gold-plated, thickness about 20 nanometer of plated film; Utilizing field emission scanning electron microscope to observe argon ion polishing sample is adopt backscattered electron imagine;
Described field emission scanning electron microscope is the field emission scanning electron microscope that resolution can reach 0.04nm;
Result is as shown in Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b and Fig. 7: porosity type have remaining intergranular pore, remaining early stage intergranular dissolved pore, late period intergranular dissolved pore, intragranular hole; Remaining intergranular pore Areal porosity is 2.9%, and remaining early stage intergranular corrosion hole Areal porosity is on average about 0.5%, and late period, intergranular dissolved pore Areal porosity was about 1.3%, intragranular hole Areal porosity about 0.3%;
Step 4: experimental technique measures RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE parameter
Can determine that rock forms primarily of sheet throat according to above-mentioned field emission scanning electron microscope observations and fluorescence casting body flake observations;
High-pressure mercury method is adopted to measure the pore throat parameter of rock sample, determine the pore diameter distribution of reservoir, specifically comprise: rock sample to be made after core post through super-dry process, vacuumized to remove the steam in sample and other gas, then in sample dilatometer, note mercury and start to measure; Before taking out sample dilatometer from PORE SIZE APPARATUS FOR, guaranteeing that in instrument, pressure is down to atmospheric pressure, determining that mercury has penetrated in most of sample by observing; After measurement terminates, obtain capillary pressure curve by the relation entering mercury volume and pressure; The pore diameter distribution of sample is calculated according to capillary pressure curve; Specifically can reference: National Standard of the People's Republic of China's " GB/T21650.1-2008/ISO15901-1:2005 mercury intrusion method and gas determination of adsorption method solid material pore diameter distribution and factor of porosity part 1: mercury intrusion method "; Wherein maximum enter mercury pressure make maximum enter mercury saturation higher than 70 ~ 80%; As shown in Figure 8, it is as shown in table 1 to obtain that radius, replacement pressure are shouted in intermediate value hole, the parameters such as radius are shouted in largest connected hole for result;
Step 5: research Diagn
(1) utilize cathodeluminescence microscope and microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (Qemscan) to observe the compacted property of cathodeluminescence sheet and microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample respectively, comprise the combination of one or more in particle contacts relation, grain orientation, fracture intensity etc.; Calculate the compaction loss factor of porosity carrying out the rock sample of compacted property observation, compaction loss factor of porosity (%)=initial porosity Φ
0(%) interstitial volume IGV (%) is remained after-compacting; Interstitial volume IGV (%)=assorted base content (i.e. Areal porosity) (%)+cementing matter content (i.e. Areal porosity) (%)+interparticle porosity (%) is remained after compacting; Wherein, initial porosity Φ
0for the sandstone initial porosity Φ determined in step one (3)
0assorted base content and cementing matter content are respectively the assorted base content and all cementing matter content determined in step one (2), and interparticle porosity is determined (interparticle pore Areal porosity is interparticle porosity) when adding up dissimilar hole Areal porosity in step 3;
Result is as shown in figs. 5 and 9: sandstone is suppressed real and weak compacting and deposited, based on linear contact lay, and part point cantact, breakage of particles and crack comparative development, calculating compaction loss factor of porosity is 21%;
(2) cathodeluminescence microscope and microcell quantitative analysis of mineral (QEMScan) is utilized to observe the cementing matter type of cathodeluminescence sheet and microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample and/or content and/or occurrence respectively, distinguish the different formation phase of dissimilar cementing matter and cementing matter of the same race, determine each cementing sequencing, add up the Areal porosity of dissimilar different times cementing matter;
Result is as shown in figs. 5 and 9: can be observed the feldspar, the quartz secondary that there are trace between carbonate cementation and particle contacts, before illustrating that feldspar and quartz secondary occur in carbonate cementation; Carbonate cements is that hole formula-base type is cementing, cathodeluminescence issues orange coloured light, illustrate that these carbonate cementation also just occur without during abundant compacting at sediment, under cathodeluminescence, be also shown in the carbonate cementation sending out Exocarpium Citri Rubrum coloured light, around the carbonate of the early stage orange coloured light of explanation, the carbonate cementation of Exocarpium Citri Rubrum coloured light is less, show that carbonate experienced by for two phases cementing, orange-yellow carbonate early origin, by force cementing, Chinese red carbonate is formed late, cementing weak; Follow general diagenetic regularity, determine each cementing sequencing and cement plane porosity successively; First be that feldspar and quartz secondary are cementing, secondly feldspar and quartz secondary Areal porosity average out to 1.2% are early stage carbonate cementation Areal porosity 6.4%, and finally form later-period carbonate cementing matter, centre plane porosity is 2.8%;
(3) (preparation method and the analytical approach of these samples are mentioned hereinbefore to utilize field emission scanning electron microscope and fluorescent microscope to observe argon ion polishing sample and fluorescence casting body flake respectively, repeat no more herein) corrosion feature, comprise corrosion object, the combination of one or more in corrosion mode and dissolution extent etc., in conjunction with comprising compacting and/or cementing etc. Diagenetic, and structural evolution and buried history (acquisition of structural evolution and buried history can with reference to some prior aries, such as can reference: paint man good fortune, Yang Qiao, prince's illuminate, Deng. about the discussion [J] of the Railway Project of establishment basin-mountain frame work section. geology opinion is commented, 2001, 47 (4): 388-392, ElliottD, Theconstructionofbalancedcrosssections.J.Struct.Geol.198 3,5 (1): 101), determine that corrosion may period,
Result is as shown in Fig. 6 a, Fig. 6 b and Fig. 7: corrosion object is mainly intergranular carbonate cements, a small amount of feldspar particle and Authigenic albite; Microscopic observation can see the distortion or disappear of being crushed after part corrosion hole receives obviously structure extruding, first phase corrosion is had before showing structure extruding, and some dissolution pore stochastic distribution, the form of astaticism and flattening, show that it is not subject to structure extruding, illustrate that these corrosions occur after being structure extruding, combined structure develops and buries process, early stage corrosion betides the structure lifting stage, and corrosion in late period betides dark burried structure strong compression stage late period;
(4) sequencing of the information determination compacting obtained in combining step five (1)-(3), cementing, corrosion, and by not syndiagenesis (namely Diagn comprises compacting, cementing, corrosion etc.) and the same Diagn of same period time be allocated in difference and bury the stage, and then recover diagenesis and pore evolution process;
Diagenetic process is: the stage of slowly burying for a long time is for burying compacting → a small amount of quartz, feldspar increasing → carbonate strong rubber knot, the structure lifting stage is that carbonate, feldspar show raw corrosion in early days, slowly the stage of burying is that carbonate is weak cementing again, the dark strong compression stage of burried structure subtracts hole → corrosion in late period for constructing extruding fast, pore evolution process is: deposition initial porosity is 36.2%, assorted fiduciary point goes 3.3%, slowly the stage of burying buries compaction loss factor of porosity is for a long time 12.6%, feldspar, quartz secondary loss 1.2%, early stage carbonate cementation loss 6.4%, before entering the structure lifting stage, sandstone porosity is 12.7%, enter the structure lifting stage afterwards, there is the raw corrosion of table, first phase corrosion increases factor of porosity at least 0.5%, therefore, after the structure lifting stage, factor of porosity is at least 13.2%, after again slowly burying, later-period carbonate cementation losses hole is 2.8%, reduce to 10.4%, rapid burial structure compression stage structure extruding loss hole is 7.2%, corrosion afterwards increases by 1.6%,
Step 6: analyze control factor of reservoir property
(1) analyze the relation of reservoir porosity that the combination of one or more in the parameters such as type of sedimentary facies, assorted base content and the type that above-mentioned steps determines, the content of all cementing matters and type, rock grain size, rock sorting coefficient and above-mentioned steps determine, permeability, selecting affects the larger reservoir genesis condition of reservoir properties and Petrographic Features parameter; Result is: mode of deposition controls not obvious to reservoir properties;
(2) analyze the relation of reservoir porosity that the combination of one or more in the parameter such as pore diameter distribution of the porosity type of the different scale determined of above-mentioned steps, size and connection situation, reservoir and above-mentioned steps determine, permeability, selecting affects the larger Pore Textures of reservoir properties and parameter of pore structure; Result is: late period dissolution pore and the parameter such as radius, replacement pressure is shouted in remaining intergranular pore, intermediate value hole and reservoir properties is in close relations;
(3) analyze the relation of reservoir porosity that the combination of one or more in the parameters such as compacting in the diagenetic process determined of above-mentioned steps, cementing, corrosion and above-mentioned steps determine, permeability, selecting affects the larger Diagenetic Factors of reservoir properties; Result is: reservoir properties mainly controls by compacting and carbonate cementation;
Step 7: Reservoir Classification
Carry out evaluation of classification by the main contral parameter of the reservoir properties selected, and determine the combination of one or more in the parameter such as reservoir genesis condition, Petrographic Features, Pore Textures (also can be referred to as pores'growth feature), Diagenetic, reservoir properties, pore texture that dissimilar reservoir is corresponding; Result is as shown in table 1.
Claims (10)
1. compact reservoir micropore structure is evaluated and a Reservoir Classification method, and it comprises the following steps:
Step one: analyze reservoir genesis and Petrographic Features
(1) carry out microfacies analysis according to the observation of core sample according to facies marker, determine type of sedimentary facies; And
(2) utilize the mineral constituent of total rock X-ray diffraction analysis total rock X-ray diffraction analysis sample, utilize the relative content of all kinds of clay mineral in clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis sample; And/or
(3) cathodeluminescence microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral is utilized to observe and add up composition, the sorting of cathodeluminescence sheet and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample respectively, and determine content and their type of assorted base and all cementing matters, determine rock type and architectural feature; And/or
(4) utilize a large amount of rock debris sample of cathodeluminescence microscope random selecting to carry out detrital grain granulometry, calculate rock initial porosity Φ
0(%) and/or rock grain size intermediate value and/or rock sorting coefficient;
Step 2: analyze reservoir properties feature
(1) utilize and cover pressure hole and ooze overburden porosity and/or the pulse permeability that instrument and/or pulse permeameter measure core sample respectively, determine factor of porosity and/or the permeability of reservoir;
Step 3: observe reservoir Pore Textures
(1) fluorescence microscope fluorescence casting body flake is utilized, and/or utilize field emission scanning electron microscope to observe fresh section sample and/or argon ion polishing sample, analyze porosity type and/or the size of different scale and/or be communicated with situation, and/or adding up the Areal porosity of dissimilar hole;
Step 4: experimental technique measures RESERVOIR PORE STRUCTURE parameter
(1) adopt high-pressure mercury method to measure the pore throat parameter of rock sample, determine the pore diameter distribution of reservoir;
Step 5: analyze control factor of reservoir property
(1) analyze the relation of reservoir porosity that the combination of one or more in type of sedimentary facies that above-mentioned steps determines, mineral constituent and content, assorted base content and type, the content of all cementing matters and type, rock grain size, rock sorting coefficient and above-mentioned steps determine and/or permeability, select and affect the larger reservoir genesis condition of reservoir properties and Petrographic Features parameter;
(2) analyze the relation of reservoir porosity that the combination of one or more in the pore diameter distribution of the porosity type of the different scale determined of above-mentioned steps, size and connection situation, reservoir and above-mentioned steps determine and/or permeability, select and affect the larger Pore Textures of reservoir properties and parameter of pore structure;
Step 6: Reservoir Classification
Carry out evaluation of classification by the main contral parameter of the reservoir properties selected, and determine the combination of one or more in reservoir genesis condition that dissimilar reservoir is corresponding, Petrographic Features, Pore Textures, reservoir properties, parameter of pore structure.
2. method according to claim 1, wherein, also comprises step 4-1 after step 4: research Diagn:
(1) cathodeluminescence microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral is utilized to observe the compacted property of cathodeluminescence sheet and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample respectively;
(2) cathodeluminescence microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral is utilized to observe the cementing matter type of cathodeluminescence sheet and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample and/or content and/or occurrence respectively, distinguish the different formation phase of dissimilar cementing matter and cementing matter of the same race, determine each cementing sequencing, and/or add up the Areal porosity of dissimilar different times cementing matter;
(3) field emission scanning electron microscope and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral and/or fluorescent microscope is utilized to observe the corrosion feature of fresh section sample and/or argon ion polishing sample and/or microcell quantitative analysis of mineral sample and/or fluorescence casting body flake respectively, in conjunction with comprising compacting and/or cementing Diagenetic and structural evolution and buried history, determine that corrosion may period;
(4) sequencing of the information determination compacting obtained in (1)-(3) of combining step four-1, cementing, corrosion, and by not syndiagenesis and the same Diagn of same period time be allocated in difference and bury the stage, and then recover diagenetic process.
3. method according to claim 1, wherein, in step one (4), the quantity of carrying out the rock debris sample of detrital grain granulometry is 300 ~ 1000.
4. method according to claim 1 and 2, wherein, in step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), described fluorescence casting body flake is prepared by following steps: a small amount of fluorescer is added colour epoxy resin, then under vacuum the potpourri of fluorescer and epoxy resin is injected the hole of the sample of sandstone through washing oil process, make fluorescence casting body flake;
In step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), described fresh section sample is prepared by following steps: will the fragment of surperficial opposed flattened be selected after broken for rock sample sample to carry out coating film treatment, obtain described fresh section sample; Utilizing field emission scanning electron microscope to observe fresh section sample is adopt secondary electron imaging;
In step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), described argon ion polishing sample is prepared by following steps: after carrying out mechanical buffing, argon ion polishing, coating film treatment successively to rock sample, obtains described argon ion polishing sample; Utilizing field emission scanning electron microscope to observe argon ion polishing sample is adopt backscattered electron imagine;
In step 3 (1) and step 4-1 (three), described field emission scanning electron microscope is the field emission scanning electron microscope that resolution can reach 0.04nm.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein, the pore throat parameter adopting high-pressure mercury method to measure rock sample in step 4 (1) specifically comprises: made by rock sample after core post through super-dry process, vacuumized to remove the steam in sample and other gas, then in sample dilatometer, note mercury and start to measure; Before taking out sample dilatometer from PORE SIZE APPARATUS FOR, guaranteeing that in instrument, pressure is down to atmospheric pressure, determining that mercury has penetrated in most of sample by observing; After measurement terminates, obtain capillary pressure curve by the relation entering mercury volume and pressure; The pore diameter distribution of sample is calculated according to capillary pressure curve.
6. method according to claim 1, wherein, step 4 also comprises: (2) adopt nitrogen adsorption methods to measure the pore throat parameter of rock sample, determine the pore diameter distribution of reservoir;
Preferably, the pore throat parameter adopting nitrogen adsorption methods to measure rock sample in step 4 (2) specifically comprises: rock sample is crushed to 150 ~ 250 orders, then by the physisorption material of degassed removing adsorbent surface; In experimentation, first calculated the saturation pressure P of nitrogen by repetitive measurement or employing state equation
0, then progressively increase the nitrogen pressure on sample, record isothermal desorption branch, after this progressively reduce the nitrogen pressure on sample, record isothermal desorption branch; The pore diameter distribution of sample is calculated by adsorption-desorption isothermal.
7. method according to claim 2, wherein, step 5 also comprises: (3) analyze the relation of reservoir porosity that the combination of one or more in compacting in the diagenetic process determined of above-mentioned steps, cementing, corrosion and above-mentioned steps determine and/or permeability, select and affect the larger Diagenetic Factors of reservoir properties; The parameter that in step 6, dissimilar reservoir is corresponding also comprises Diagenetic.
8. method according to claim 2, wherein, the compacted property in step 4-1 (1) comprises the combination of one or more in particle contacts relation, grain orientation, fracture intensity.
9. method according to claim 2, wherein, step 4-1 (1) also comprises: calculate the compaction loss factor of porosity carrying out the rock sample of compacted property observation, compaction loss factor of porosity=initial porosity Φ
0interstitial volume IGV is remained after-compacting; Remain interstitial volume IGV=after compacting to mix base content+cementing matter content+interparticle porosity; Wherein, initial porosity Φ
0for the rock initial porosity Φ determined in step one (4)
0, assorted base content and cementing matter content are respectively the assorted base content and all cementing matter content determined in step one (3), determined when interparticle porosity is the dissimilar hole Areal porosity of statistics in step 3 (1).
10. method according to claim 2, wherein, the corrosion feature in step 4-1 (3) comprises the combination of one or more in corrosion object, corrosion mode and dissolution extent.
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