CN105331401A - 一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105331401A
CN105331401A CN201510725592.8A CN201510725592A CN105331401A CN 105331401 A CN105331401 A CN 105331401A CN 201510725592 A CN201510725592 A CN 201510725592A CN 105331401 A CN105331401 A CN 105331401A
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刘应才
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，先取沙棘研磨，加入乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液，搅拌，加入质量分数10%的KOH溶液，离心，在所得沉淀中加入KOH-甲醇溶液，静置，离心，取上清液，得提取液；再将钛酸四丁酯、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚、石油醚、聚异丁烯胺、油酸混合，滴加硝酸溶液，搅拌，得混合物；最后将提取液和混合物混合，在搅拌条件下加入磷酸甲苯二苯酯、异戊醛、乙基苯基二硫代氨基甲酸锌、单硬脂酸甘油酯，加热搅拌，边搅拌边加入卵磷脂，继续搅拌，冷却至室温，即得。所得助剂燃油助剂可以改善燃油在内燃机引擎燃烧室中的燃烧，促使汽油或柴油燃烧更完全，增强燃油燃烧效率。

Description

一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于燃油添加剂技术领域，具体涉及一种生物基汽油燃油助剂的制备方法。
背景技术
自从发动机问世以来，汽油、柴油的出现解决了不同的发动机发火方式对燃料性能的要求，而且汽油、柴油规范的发展总是伴随着发动机性能的提高，每一次发动机技术的重大革新也总是直接或间接的对燃油质量提出了新的要求。
随着人们对能源保护、环境污染的重视，对发动机的经济性、排气污染物的控制也越来越严格起来，尤其是近年来，汽车尾气的污染问题越来越引起人们的注意，汽车排放的有害气体主要指C0、HC、Nxo和微粒。目前全世界汽车的保有量大约有8亿量，如不采取控制污染物排放的措施，每年排除的8×108tHc、1.5×108t烃类化合物和8×108t的NO将会使大气污染更为严重。再加上CO2气体的温室效应，将会给人类、动物、植物以及整个自然界的生物链带来极大的危害。对汽车尾气排放污染物的控制，除了汽车本身的改进外。通过对燃油的设计也可以达到较好的效果，燃料设计既能够降低油耗、减少排放，同时能达到燃料配方的重组，减少由石油资源紧张所带来的压力。
汽车燃油助剂能造成汽油性能的大幅度改变，随着生物技术的持续发展，人们不断对利用生物燃料的方式进行了研究。往车用油料加入可以实现既节能又少排放的生物助剂得到人们越来越多的注意，而且已经部分开始进入实际应用。由植物原料制成的油料燃烧所排放出来的CO2是其生长期内所吸收的CO2的1/6～1/4，生物燃料不仅节约燃油，而且可以减少温室气体的排放、保护环境，发展生物燃料和添加剂技术的意义非常重大，目前得到成功的应用的生物燃料虽然种类很多，但生物基汽车燃油助剂却不多见。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足而提供一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，所得助剂燃油助剂可以改善燃油在内燃机引擎燃烧室中的燃烧，促使汽油或柴油燃烧更完全，增强燃油燃烧效率。
一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，取沙棘研磨，加入乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液，搅拌，加入质量分数10%的KOH溶液，离心，在所得沉淀中加入KOH-甲醇溶液，静置，离心，取上清液，得提取液；
步骤2，以重量份计，将钛酸四丁酯3～9份、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚1～6份、石油醚2～8份、聚异丁烯胺1～7份、油酸5～12份混合，滴加硝酸溶液2～4份，搅拌，得混合物；
步骤3，以重量份计，将步骤1所得提取液5～10份和步骤2所得混合物3～8份混合，在搅拌条件下加入磷酸甲苯二苯酯1～6份、异戊醛2～5份、乙基苯基二硫代氨基甲酸锌3～6份、单硬脂酸甘油酯1～4份，加热搅拌，边搅拌边加入卵磷脂1～5份，继续搅拌，冷却至室温，即得。
进一步地，步骤1中沙棘的用量为10～30g，乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液的体积为200～400mL，KOH溶液的体积为30～60mL。
进一步地，步骤1中沉淀和KOH-甲醇溶液的重量体积比为10g～20g：60～90mL。
进一步地，步骤2中硝酸溶液的体积分数为20%。
进一步地，步骤2中搅拌速度为300～400rpm，搅拌时间为10～15min。
进一步地，步骤3中搅拌速度为200～400rpm，搅拌时间为10～15min。
进一步地，步骤3中加热温度为50～70℃。
本发明提供的生物基汽车燃油助剂不仅可以改善燃油在内燃机引擎燃烧室中的燃烧，促使汽油或柴油燃烧更完全，增强燃油燃烧效率，从而提高燃油经济性，还可以减少碳氢化合物或燃烧中间产物的排放所造成的空气污染，实现节能减排。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，取沙棘研磨，加入乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液，搅拌，加入质量分数10%的KOH溶液，离心，在所得沉淀中加入KOH-甲醇溶液，静置，离心，取上清液，得提取液；
步骤2，以重量份计，将钛酸四丁酯3份、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚1份、石油醚2份、聚异丁烯胺1份、油酸5份混合，滴加硝酸溶液2份，搅拌，得混合物；
步骤3，以重量份计，将步骤1所得提取液5份和步骤2所得混合物3份混合，在搅拌条件下加入磷酸甲苯二苯酯1份、异戊醛2份、乙基苯基二硫代氨基甲酸锌3份、单硬脂酸甘油酯1份，加热搅拌，边搅拌边加入卵磷脂1份，继续搅拌，冷却至室温，即得。
其中，步骤1中沙棘的用量为10g，乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液的体积为200mL，KOH溶液的体积为30mL，沉淀和KOH-甲醇溶液的重量体积比为10g：60mL；步骤2中硝酸溶液的体积分数为20%，搅拌速度为300rpm，搅拌时间为15min；步骤3中搅拌速度为200rpm，搅拌时间为15min；步骤3中加热温度为50℃。
测试的车辆为6缸的2014年雷克萨斯LexusES330轿车。燃油添加剂的体积用量为汽油的千分之四点四。测试结果显示，与未使用燃油添加剂时对比，在相同的路况及驾驶习惯，以及使用相同级别汽油的条件下，加入以上燃油助剂的汽油可以提高单位油耗里程数23.6%。
实施例2
一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，取沙棘研磨，加入乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液，搅拌，加入质量分数10%的KOH溶液，离心，在所得沉淀中加入KOH-甲醇溶液，静置，离心，取上清液，得提取液；
步骤2，以重量份计，将钛酸四丁酯6份、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚2份、石油醚7份、聚异丁烯胺5份、油酸7份混合，滴加硝酸溶液3份，搅拌，得混合物；
步骤3，以重量份计，将步骤1所得提取液8份和步骤2所得混合物6份混合，在搅拌条件下加入磷酸甲苯二苯酯4份、异戊醛3份、乙基苯基二硫代氨基甲酸锌5份、单硬脂酸甘油酯2份，加热搅拌，边搅拌边加入卵磷脂4份，继续搅拌，冷却至室温，即得。
其中，步骤1中沙棘的用量为15g，乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液的体积为300mL，KOH溶液的体积为40mL，沉淀和KOH-甲醇溶液的重量体积比为15g：70mL；步骤2中硝酸溶液的体积分数为20%，搅拌速度为300rpm，搅拌时间为10min；步骤3中搅拌速度为300rpm，搅拌时间为15min；步骤3中加热温度为60℃。
测试的车辆为6缸的2012年丰田4Runner运动工具车(SportUtilityVehicle)。燃油添加剂的体积用量为汽油的千分之三点八。测试结果显示，与未使用燃油添加剂时对比，在相同的路况及驾驶习惯，以及使用相同级别汽油的条件下，加入以上燃油添加剂的汽油可以提高单位油耗里程数23.2%。
实施例3
一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，取沙棘研磨，加入乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液，搅拌，加入质量分数10%的KOH溶液，离心，在所得沉淀中加入KOH-甲醇溶液，静置，离心，取上清液，得提取液；
步骤2，以重量份计，将钛酸四丁酯5份、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚4份、石油醚6份、聚异丁烯胺4份、油酸9份混合，滴加硝酸溶液3份，搅拌，得混合物；
步骤3，以重量份计，将步骤1所得提取液8份和步骤2所得混合物7份混合，在搅拌条件下加入磷酸甲苯二苯酯3份、异戊醛4份、乙基苯基二硫代氨基甲酸锌5份、单硬脂酸甘油酯2份，加热搅拌，边搅拌边加入卵磷脂3份，继续搅拌，冷却至室温，即得。
其中，步骤1中沙棘的用量为10g，乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液的体积为300mL，KOH溶液的体积为50mL，沉淀和KOH-甲醇溶液的重量体积比为15g：80mL；步骤2中硝酸溶液的体积分数为20%，搅拌速度为400rpm，搅拌时间为10min；步骤3中搅拌速度为300rpm，搅拌时间为10min；步骤3中加热温度为55℃。
测试的车辆为2011年丰田4缸佳美(Camry)轿车。燃油添加剂的体积用量为汽油的千分之三点五。测试结果显示，与未使用燃油添加剂时对比，在相同的路况及驾驶习惯，以及使用相同级别汽油的条件下，加入以上燃油添加剂的汽油可以提高单位油耗里程数24.2%。
实施例4
一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，取沙棘研磨，加入乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液，搅拌，加入质量分数10%的KOH溶液，离心，在所得沉淀中加入KOH-甲醇溶液，静置，离心，取上清液，得提取液；
步骤2，以重量份计，将钛酸四丁酯9份、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚6份、石油醚8份、聚异丁烯胺7份、油酸12份混合，滴加硝酸溶液4份，搅拌，得混合物；
步骤3，以重量份计，将步骤1所得提取液10份和步骤2所得混合物8份混合，在搅拌条件下加入磷酸甲苯二苯酯6份、异戊醛5份、乙基苯基二硫代氨基甲酸锌6份、单硬脂酸甘油酯4份，加热搅拌，边搅拌边加入卵磷脂5份，继续搅拌，冷却至室温，即得。
其中，步骤1中沙棘的用量为30g，乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液的体积为400mL，KOH溶液的体积为60mL，沉淀和KOH-甲醇溶液的重量体积比为20g：90mL；步骤2中硝酸溶液的体积分数为20%，搅拌速度为400rpm，搅拌时间为10min；步骤3中搅拌速度为400rpm，搅拌时间为10min；步骤3中加热温度为70℃。
测试的车辆为6缸的2011年AcuraMDX运动工具车(SportUtilityVehicle)。燃油添加剂的体积用量为汽油的千分之四点五。测试结果显示，与未使用燃油添加剂时对比，在相同的路况及驾驶习惯，以及使用相同级别汽油的条件下，加入以上燃油添加剂的汽油可以提高单位油耗里程数26.3%。
实施例5
本实施例与实施例2的区别在于：所述燃油助剂中未加入沙棘提取液。
一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，以重量份计，将钛酸四丁酯9份、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚6份、石油醚8份、聚异丁烯胺7份、油酸12份混合，滴加硝酸溶液4份，搅拌，得混合物；
步骤2，以重量份计，搅拌条件下在所得混合物中加入磷酸甲苯二苯酯6份、异戊醛5份、乙基苯基二硫代氨基甲酸锌6份、单硬脂酸甘油酯4份，加热搅拌，边搅拌边加入卵磷脂5份，继续搅拌，冷却至室温，即得。
其中，步骤1中硝酸溶液的体积分数为20%，搅拌速度为400rpm，搅拌时间为10min；步骤3中搅拌速度为400rpm，搅拌时间为10min；步骤2中加热温度为70℃。
测试的车辆为6缸的2012年丰田4Runner运动工具车(SportUtilityVehicle)。燃油添加剂的体积用量为汽油的千分之三点八。测试结果显示，与未使用燃油添加剂时对比，在相同的路况及驾驶习惯，以及使用相同级别汽油的条件下，加入以上燃油添加剂的汽油可以提高单位油耗里程数5.2%。这可能是因为沙棘提取液中所含的脂肪酸可以改善燃油在内燃机引擎燃烧室中的燃烧，促使汽油或柴油燃烧更完全，从而增强燃油燃烧效率。

Claims (7)

1.一种生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
步骤1，取沙棘研磨，加入乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液，搅拌，加入质量分数10%的KOH溶液，离心，在所得沉淀中加入KOH-甲醇溶液，静置，离心，取上清液，得提取液；
步骤2，以重量份计，将钛酸四丁酯3～9份、2，6-二叔丁基对甲酚1～6份、石油醚2～8份、聚异丁烯胺1～7份、油酸5～12份混合，滴加硝酸溶液2～4份，搅拌，得混合物；
步骤3，以重量份计，将步骤1所得提取液5～10份和步骤2所得混合物3～8份混合，在搅拌条件下加入磷酸甲苯二苯酯1～6份、异戊醛2～5份、乙基苯基二硫代氨基甲酸锌3～6份、单硬脂酸甘油酯1～4份，加热搅拌，边搅拌边加入卵磷脂1～5份，继续搅拌，冷却至室温，即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1中沙棘的用量为10～30g，乙酸乙酯和石油醚的混合液的体积为200～400mL，KOH溶液的体积为30～60mL。
3.根据权利要求1所述的生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1中沉淀和KOH-甲醇溶液的重量体积比为10g～20g：60～90mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2中硝酸溶液的体积分数为20%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2中搅拌速度为300～400rpm，搅拌时间为10～15min。
6.根据权利要求1所述的生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3中搅拌速度为200～400rpm，搅拌时间为10～15min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的生物基汽车燃油助剂的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3中加热温度为50～70℃。
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