CN1053267A - Casting-state troostite grinding ball - Google Patents
Casting-state troostite grinding ball Download PDFInfo
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- CN1053267A CN1053267A CN 91100168 CN91100168A CN1053267A CN 1053267 A CN1053267 A CN 1053267A CN 91100168 CN91100168 CN 91100168 CN 91100168 A CN91100168 A CN 91100168A CN 1053267 A CN1053267 A CN 1053267A
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A kind of casting-state troostite grinding ball that is used for grinding mine material, its chemical constitution is: C2.7-3.5%, Cr11-18%, Si0.8-2.5%, V0.05-0.3%, Mn0.3-1.5%, Ti0.05-0.15%, Mo0-0.5%, Ni or Cu0-0.5%, all the other are Fe and inevitable trace impurity, the casting ball need not pass through high-temperature heat treatment, can obtain troostitic structures under the as cast condition.Abrading-ball hardness height of the present invention, wear resistance is good, and ball consumption rate is low, can satisfy the grinding operation requirement under high rigidity, high alkalinity, the high erosion condition, (dried wet-milling) and the various materials of grinding all can be obtained better effects, not broken, not peeling, indeformable under various working conditions.
Description
The invention belongs to all kinds of ball mill grinding material abrading-balls, particularly a kind of casting-state troostite grinding ball that is used for grinding mine material.
Much more difficult with abrading-ball grinding mine material ratio cement material.The one, the hardness ratio cement material height of the material (Gold Ore, iron ore, copper mine stone etc.) in the mill of mine; The 2nd, the slurries in some mine mill are high alkalinity; The 3rd, the mine mill belongs to wet work, and cement grinding mill belongs to dry operation.This working condition that mine mill just has been described is much more abominable than cement grinding mill.In recent years, the quenched martensite high chromium casting ball has been widely used in industries such as cement, generatings, abrading-ball material majority belongs to Cr-MO-C μ series, ball making process adopts sand mold casting, cause the wear resistance and the toughness of abrading-ball not to reach the ideal cooperation, therefore must just can obtain martensitic stucture through quench hot and temper, thereby make the ball making process complexity, the energy consumption height.Simultaneously, the quenched martensite high chromium casting ball is used the percentage of damage height in the wet-milling of mine, influence the unit-hour output of grinding machine, thereby should not use.A kind of HI-chrome cast iron for grinding balls is disclosed in the CN89102932 patent documentation.This abrading-ball chemical constitution is unreasonable, the design that at first is carbon content is unreasonable, because in rich chromium cast iron, carbon content must be lower than eutectic carbon amount, otherwise, thick strip primary carbide can appear, wear resistance and toughness are all descended, and eutectic carbon amount is according to the decision of JacKSOn formula, that is: eutectic carbon amount (%)=4.40-0.054(Cr%), when containing Cr10%, eutectic carbon amount is 3.86%, and when containing Cr25%, eutectic carbon amount is 3.05%, therefore this abrading-ball composition regulation C is 2.0-4.0%, and Cr is that 10-25% is irrational.Moreover be that the design of silicon amount is unreasonable, Si is 0.3-2.0% in this composition, and high silicon helps pearlitic formation, under the situation of silicon content 2%, can not get Ao-Bei matrix under the as cast condition, as obtains Ao-Bei matrix, and the consumption of silicon can not surpass 0.8%.The abrading-ball of Ao-Bei matrix in addition, it is very serious to use peeling, fragmentation on cement, on the mine, use more serious because under repeated stock, martensitic transformation and work hardening can take place in austenite, produce huge stress, the austenite poor thermal conductivity easily produces tiny crack in addition, crackle is in case produce, expand very soon again, so peeling, broken serious, be out of use on the mine.China mine mostly is common forged steel ball with abrading-ball at present, but result of use is unsatisfactory, and the ball consumption is high, and consumes a large amount of steel.
One of purpose of the present invention provides a kind of chemical composition that is used for the casting-state troostite grinding ball of all kinds of ball mill grindings mine material.
Two of purpose of the present invention provides a kind of manufacture method of casting-state troostite grinding ball.
Purpose of the present invention can realize by following measure:
The chemical composition that is used for the casting-state troostite grinding ball of all kinds of ball mill grindings mine material is (weight %):
C 2.7-3.5% Cr 11-18%
Si 0.8-2.5% V 0.05-0.3%
Mn 0.3-1.5% Ti 0.05-0.15%
Mo 0-0.5% Ni or Cu 0-0.5%
All the other are iron and inevitable trace impurity.
Press the manufacture method of the casting-state troostite grinding ball of above chemical ingredients composition, its melting and pouring technology step are:
1. after vanadium titanium iron and the steel scrap heat fused, add ferrochrome in batches, heat up again;
When 2. temperature rises to 1420-1480 ℃, add molybdenum-iron, nickel and ferromanganese, the ferrosilicon of regulating composition, and then heat up;
Add reductor ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and industrial pure when 3. temperature rises to 1500-1540 ℃;
The cast of coming out of the stove when 4. temperature rises to 1540-1560 ℃;
5. use permanent mold casting, teeming temperature is 1380-1450 ℃;
6. pour into a mould shake out after 5-10 minute;
7. after casting the ball cooling, spruing, cleaning undesirable root, overlap, burr;
8. cast ball and under 230-270 ℃ of temperature, carry out low temperature aging processing 4-6 hour, air cooling then.
The performance of alloy material is by the metallographic structure decision, and certain tissue depends on the choose reasonable of chemical ingredients, and selection of chemical composition of the present invention is to analyze design like this:
Carbon: be the principal element that influences rich chromium cast iron hardness and wear resistance, its content height, carbide quantity is many in the tissue, the matrix hardness height, wear resistance is good, if its content surpasses 3.5%, can produce thick flaky carbide, make material become hard and crisp, and because easy cracked the peeling off of thick flaky carbide cause wear resistance to descend.If its content is less than 2.7%, eutectic carbides quantity reduces, and matrix hardness descends, and wear resistance descends, so the content of carbon is advisable at 2.7-3.5%.
Silicon: a certain amount of silicon plays desoxydatoin, and is also favourable to flowability, and higher silicon helps the formation of troostitic structures, and after higher silicon is dissolved in matrix, improve the electropotential of matrix, improves etch resistant properties.Simultaneously, with the increase of silicon amount, silicide quantity increases in rich chromium cast iron, and hardness and wear resistance also increase.But after the silicon amount was greater than 2.5%, toughness obviously descended, and low excessively silicon content is unfavorable for the formation of troostitic structures again.Therefore the 0.8-2.5% that is chosen in of silicon amount is advisable.
Manganese: be to form austenitic element, the formation of carbide is also worked that too high manganese will make and occur austenite in the tissue, austenite structure should not be made abrading-ball, no matter because the austenite abrading-ball in dry grinding and wet-milling, all can cause a large amount of fragmentations and peel off.But it is, more suitable when therefore selecting the content of manganese to be 0.3-1.5% because deoxidation and desulfuration are all used manganese.
Chromium: chromium is carbide forming element, and chromium is except that being combined into the carbide with carbon, and rest part is dissolved in the matrix, thereby improves the electropotential of matrix, to anticorrosive be favourable.If its content less than 11%, M may occur
3C type carbide all reduces hardness and toughness.If its content is greater than 18%, carbide quantity significantly increases during crystallization, and toughness is obviously descended, simultaneously since in the matrix carbon content reduce, cause the hardness of matrix to reduce, thereby wear resistance reduces, so the content of chromium is controlled at 11-18% and is advisable.
Molybdenum: the main effect of molybdenum is the refinement matrix, the refinement carbide, and the electropotential of raising matrix improves solidity to corrosion.Because of the price height, add uneconomical.Under the permanent mold casting condition, add-on can obviously work less than 0.5%.
Nickel (copper): nickel (copper) is austenite former, has added austenite to occur in the tissue.Adding in the troostite abrading-ball that nickel mainly acts on is to improve the base electrode current potential, improve solidity to corrosion, so add-on is advisable less than 0.5%.
Vanadium, titanium: these two kinds of elements are to bring into naturally in the pig iron, belong to trace alloying element, and they can form the very high carbonitride of hardness, and disperse helps improving the microhardness and the wear resistance of matrix in matrix, and the refinement to crystal grain also is favourable simultaneously.
Inevitably trace impurity is to bring in the raw material, and p and s is wherein arranged, and all is harmful elements.Its content is low more good more.For hardness and the wear resistance thereof that guarantees abrading-ball, we are controlled at the content of phosphorus below 0.1%, and the content of sulphur is controlled at below 0.05%.
Description of drawings is as follows:
Fig. 1 is the hardness and the distribution plan thereof of φ 60 balls of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the hardness and the distribution plan thereof of φ 80 balls of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the hardness and the distribution plan thereof of φ 100 balls of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is φ 50 ball metallographic structures of the present invention (amplifying 500 times, 4% nitric acid alcohol etch);
Fig. 5 is φ 70 ball metallographic structures of the present invention (amplifying 500 times, 4% nitric acid alcohol etch);
Fig. 6 is φ 90 ball metallographic structures of the present invention (amplifying 500 times, 4% nitric acid alcohol etch);
Fig. 7 is the synusia structure (amplifying 3000 times) of abrading-ball troostite of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the mapping of Cr in the abrading-ball of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the mapping of Si in the abrading-ball of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the mapping of Mn in the abrading-ball of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the mapping of Mo in the abrading-ball of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the mapping of Cu in the abrading-ball of the present invention.
Get one group of abrading-ball of the present invention and carry out mechanicl test, result such as table 1:
Table 1: the mechanicl test of abrading-ball
Hardness value and distribution situation such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3 of recording from the section sampling of abrading-ball body.As can be seen from the figure, to the center, the hardness difference is less from the abrading-ball surface, and this has just guaranteed the even wear of abrading-ball.
Measure through test of many times, the mechanical property and the hardness of abrading-ball are:
Rockwell hardness HRC 54-60
Impelling strength
〉=4 joules/centimetre
2
Bending strength
〉=500 Newton/millimeter
2
Amount of deflection+be the 1.7-2.4 millimeter
Cut 15 * 15 * 12 millimeters test block on the simulation abrading machine from casting-state troostite grinding ball and forged steel ball respectively, carry out artificial wear-test in the strong base solution.1 kilogram of relative abrasive disc of test conditions ballast is 120 order emery cloths, and 550 rev/mins of the trier speeds of mainshaft were weighed once every half an hour, and changes emery cloth, transposing test block position.Total abrasion loss with the forged steel ball is a radix, calculates the relative wear resistance such as the table 2 of casting-state troostite grinding ball:
Table 2: the artificial wear-test of abrading-ball
| The material title | 2 hours total abrasion losies (gram) | Contrast wear-resisting multiplying power | Hardness (HRC) |
| The forged steel ball | 5.20 | 1 | 38 |
| The troostite ball | 0.72 | 7.2 | 55 |
As can be seen from the above table, under the corrosive medium condition of strong alkali aqueous solution, the wear resistance of troostite ball is 7.2 times of common forged steel ball.
Troostite abrading-ball of the present invention is tested, and is carried out wear resistance and percentage of damage simultaneous test with the high chromium ball of quenched martensite, forged steel ball, middle manganese ball at aluminium ore, copper mine, gold mine, the enterprising luggage machine of iron ore grinding machine respectively.From the installation testing data calculate abrading-ball of the present invention and the high chromium ball of martensite, forged steel ball, the wear-resisting multiplying power of manganese ball be: grind aluminum ore and be the high chromium ball of martensite 2 times is 4.68 times of forged steel ball, is 6 times of middle manganese ball; Mill copper mine stone is 4.65 times of middle manganese ball; The mill iron ore is 3.99 times of forged steel ball; The mill Gold Ore is 3.6 times of forged steel ball.On all kinds of grinding machines, use percentage of damage to be 0-0.166%.Abrading-ball surface-brightening after falling to grind, rounding does not have distortion substantially, and no peeling significantly reduces tip-in amount and tip-in number of times, and the ball cycle of bringing down stocks is prolonged greatly.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment:
Embodiment 1:
1, batching: the consumption of various materials (weight %):
Vanadium titanium iron 32%, high carbon ferro-chrome 21%,
Steel scrap 47%, ferromanganese 1.15%,
Molybdenum-iron 0.15%, nickel plate 0.1%,
Ferrosilicon 0.85%.
Reductor ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, aluminium respectively account for 0.15% of weight of molten iron.
2, melting: with 500 kilograms of medium-frequency induction furnaces.
1. the steel scrap heating of 160 kilograms vanadium titanium iron and 235 kilograms all after the fusing, is added the ferrochrome of 105 kg in batches, heat up again;
2. when temperature rises to 1460 ℃, be sequentially added into 0.75 kilogram molybdenum-iron, 0.5 kilogram nickel plate, 5.75 kilograms ferromanganese, 4.25 kilograms ferrosilicon continues to heat up;
When 3. temperature rises to 1530 ℃, add 0.75 kilogram ferrosilicon, 0.75 kilogram ferromanganese, 0.75 kilogram aluminium and make reductor;
When 4. temperature rises to 1550 ℃, the cast of coming out of the stove;
5. use permanent mold casting, teeming temperature is 1400 ℃;
6. pour into a mould shake out after 8 minutes;
7. after casting the ball cooling, spruing grinds off cast gate undesirable root, overlap, burr with emery wheel;
8. workpiece is put into aging oven, carries out low temperature aging and handled 5 hours under 250C, takes out air cooling.Make 370 kilograms of abrading-balls.
Carry out chemical analysis from the abrading-ball sampling, composition is as follows:
C 2.78% Si 0.92% Mn 0.53%
Cr 12.6% Mo 0.08% Ni 0.09%
V 0.09% Ti 0.051%
P 0.08% S 0.035%
Get the section of abrading-ball sample and test, its hardness value and distribution thereof are as shown in Figure 1.
The installation test:
1, grinding copper mine material
Mill types and specification: MOG2.7 * 3.6M wet type grid mill
Pulp alkalinity: pH value＞12
Ore hardness: Mohs' hardness is greater than 6 degree
Unit-hour output: during 32 tons/platform
The classification overflow fineness :-200 purposes account for 56-70%
Under equal conditions compare test-results such as table 3 with middle manganese ball:
Table 3: ball consumption rate and percentage of damage simultaneous test
Can find out from last table, the low 1.012Kg/ ton ore deposit of manganese ball unit consumption in the abrading-ball unit consumption ratio of the present invention, a ton ore consumption ball cost reduces by 0.9488 yuan of/ton ore deposit.
II, grinding aluminium ore material:
Mill types and specification: φ 2.6 * 13M, sintering process pipe mill
19.5 rev/mins of rotating speeds
Pulp alkalinity: Na
2O accounts for the 15-17% of amount of solid
Moisture content accounts for 37-38%
Ore mill feed size:＜25 millimeters
Discharging fineness :-120 order residual volume＜12%
Ore hardness: Mohs' hardness 6-9 degree
Interior temperature: 70-80 ℃ of grinding machine
Compare test, its result such as table 4 with the high chromium ball of quenched martensite under the same conditions:
Table 4: ball consumption rate and percentage of damage simultaneous test
As can be seen from the above table, the wear resistance of abrading-ball of the present invention is more than 2 times of the high chromium ball of martensite, and percentage of damage only is 1/60 of a quenched martensite ball.
Embodiment 2:
1, batching: the consumption of various materials (weight %):
Vanadium titanium iron 33% high carbon ferro-chrome 21%
Steel scrap 46% ferromanganese 1.0%
Molybdenum-iron 0.15% bronze medal 0.1%
Ferrosilicon 0.78%
Reductor ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, aluminium respectively account for 0.15% of weight of molten iron.
2, melting: with 500 kilograms of medium-frequency induction furnaces.
1. with 165 kilograms of vanadium titanium irons and 230 kilograms of steel scrap heating, all after the fusing, add the ferrochrome of 105 kg in batches, heat up again;
When 2. temperature rises to 1480 ℃, add 5 kilograms ferromanganese, 3.9 kilograms of ferrosilicon, 0.75 kilogram of molybdenum-iron, 0.5 kilogram of copper, continue to heat up;
0.75 kilogram of ferromanganese of adding, 0.75 kilogram aluminium, 0.75 kilogram of ferrosilicon were made reductor when 3. temperature rose to 1540 ℃;
When 4. temperature rises to 1550 ℃, the cast of coming out of the stove;
5. use permanent mold casting, teeming temperature is 1450 ℃;
6. pour into a mould shake out after 10 minutes;
7. after casting the ball cooling, spruing grinds off cast gate undesirable root, overlap, burr with emery wheel;
8. cast ball and put into aging oven, carry out low temperature aging and handled 6 hours under 250 ℃, take out, air cooling makes 380 kilograms of abrading-balls.
The sample examination composition is as follows from the abrading-ball:
C 3.34% Si 1.29% Mn 0.51%
Cr 13.9% MO 0.11% Cu 0.087%
V 0.11% Ti 0.075%
P 0.091% S 0.043%
Get the section of abrading-ball sample and test, its hardness value and distribution thereof are as shown in Figure 2.
The installation test:
I, grinding iron ore material:
Mill types and specification: φ 1.5 * 3M, 32.7 rev/mins of rotating speeds
18 millimeters of mill feed material size:＜φ
Ore hardness: Mohs' hardness is greater than 8 degree
Material goes out grinding rate :-200 purposes are greater than 55%
Slurries basicity: PH ≈ 7
Lining board of grinder: high mangaenese steel
Compare test with the forged steel ball under the same conditions, its result such as table 5:
Can find out that from last table the wear resistance of abrading-ball of the present invention is 4 times of forged steel ball.
II, grinding gold mine material:
Mill types and specification: φ 1.0 * 1.5M, 32.7 rev/mins of rotating speeds.
The mode of production: one section closed type
Pulp alkalinity: PH ≈ 7
Ore hardness: Mohs' hardness is greater than 8
Ore mill feed size: less than 17 millimeters
Discharging fineness :-200 orders
Compare test with the forged steel ball under the same conditions, its result such as table 6:
Table 6: ball consumption rate and percentage of damage simultaneous test
Can find out that from above table the wear resistance of abrading-ball of the present invention is 3.6 times of forged steel ball.
Abrading-ball of the present invention all can use on cement mill, and the various materials of grinding all do not have fragmentation, no peeling, do not have distortion, and preferably result of use is arranged.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
Reduce noble element molybdenum and the copper in the batching, reduced the cost of raw material; Abrading-ball can obtain troostitic structures under as cast condition, reduced Technology for Heating Processing and equipment thereof, has reduced production cost; Abrading-ball hardness height, wearability is good, and ball consumption rate is low, can satisfy the grinding operation requirement under high rigidity, high alkalinity, the high erosion condition; (dried, wet-milling) and the various materials of grinding all can be obtained better effects, not broken, not peeling, indeformable under various working conditions.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of casting-state troostite grinding ball that is used for all kinds of ball mill grindings mine material, it is characterized in that: the chemical composition of abrading-ball is (weight %):
C 2.7-3.5% Cr 11-18%
Si 0.8-2.5% V 0.05-0.3%
Mn 0.3-1.5% Ti 0.05-0.15%。
All the other are iron and inevitable trace impurity.
2, according to the said abrading-ball of claim 1, it is characterized in that: can add MO 0-0.5%Ni or Cu 0-0.5%(weight % in the chemical composition of abrading-ball again).
3, as the manufacture method of claim 1 or 2 said abrading-balls, it is characterized in that: melting and the pouring technology step of making abrading-ball are:
1. with after vanadium titanium iron and the steel scrap heat fused, add ferrochrome in batches, heat up again;
When 2. temperature rises to 1420-1480 ℃, add molybdenum-iron, the ferrosilicon of regulating composition, and then heat up;
Add reductor when 3. the temperature system rises to 1500-1540 ℃;
The cast of coming out of the stove when 4. temperature rises to 1540-1560 ℃;
5. use permanent mold casting, teeming temperature is 1380-1450 ℃;
6. pour into a mould shake out after 5-10 minute;
7. after casting the ball cooling, spruing, cleaning undesirable root, overlap, burr;
8. cast ball and under 230-270 ℃ of temperature, carry out low temperature aging processing 4-6 hour, air cooling then.
4, according to the said abrading-ball of claim 3, wherein said reductor is ferrosilicon, ferromanganese and industrial pure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91100168 CN1018938B (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1991-01-16 | Casting-state troostite grinding ball |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91100168 CN1018938B (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1991-01-16 | Casting-state troostite grinding ball |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1053267A true CN1053267A (en) | 1991-07-24 |
| CN1018938B CN1018938B (en) | 1992-11-04 |
Family
ID=4904476
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 91100168 Expired CN1018938B (en) | 1991-01-16 | 1991-01-16 | Casting-state troostite grinding ball |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1018938B (en) |
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- 1991-01-16 CN CN 91100168 patent/CN1018938B/en not_active Expired
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