CN105308305A - 富氢废气再循环系统和方法 - Google Patents

富氢废气再循环系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN105308305A
CN105308305A CN201380076811.3A CN201380076811A CN105308305A CN 105308305 A CN105308305 A CN 105308305A CN 201380076811 A CN201380076811 A CN 201380076811A CN 105308305 A CN105308305 A CN 105308305A
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G·苏奇达
R·P·祖科斯基
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International Engine Intellectual Property Co LLC
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    • F02M26/17—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories in relation to the intake system
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    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
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Abstract

提供了一种用于富氢废气再循环的系统和方法。该系统包括添加补充喷射器，该喷射器将超过化学计量点的额外的天然气添加到发动机气缸中的一个中。在燃烧后，该缸的废气仍旧保持较高氢含量。然后，该废气通过富氢排放路径导引到废气再循环混合器，在该混合器中，该废气与来自其它气缸的废气和天然气混合。然后将最终的混合物导引到发动机的所有气缸中以由于该增加的氢而获得改善的燃烧。

Description

富氢废气再循环系统和方法
相关申请
本申请参照美国临时专利申请第61/594,698号，要求其优先权，并且要求保护其权益，该临时专利申请于2012年2月3日提交并且名称为“用于天然气火花点火发动机的富氢废气再循环系统(HydrogenRichEGRSystemforNaturalGasSparkIgnitedEngines)”。上述临时专利申请的全部内容通过引用的方式纳入本文。
背景
目前，火花点火(SI)天然气发动机按化学计量的或者接近化学计量的空气/燃料比(AFR)运行，由于天然气燃料的非常差的点火性和可燃性，需要通过废气再循环(EGR)进行有限的混合稀释。较低的EGR水平由于排放温度限制和爆震燃烧而降低发动机的性能(扭矩和功率)。低EGR水平也降低发动机的效率，因为需要较低的压缩比来防止爆震燃烧。
发明内容
一个或多个实施例提供一种富氢废气再循环系统和方法，其包括添加补充的喷射器，该喷射器将超过化学计量点的额外天然气注射到发动机气缸中的一个内。在燃烧后，该气缸的废气中仍保持较高的氢含量。然后，将废气经由富氢排放路径导引到废气再循环混合器，其中，该废气与来自其它缸的废气和天然气混合。然后将所得的混合物导引到发动机的所有气缸中，以由于增加的氢而改善燃烧。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本系统和方法的天然气火花点火发动机的富氢超EGR系统。
具体实施方式
本系统和方法显著改善了非常稀薄且/或高度稀释(借助EGR)天然气(NG)燃料混合物的燃烧，由此使得实现更高的EGR水平，从而用于更高的发动机性能和效率。
目前，在汽车应用中，大多数NG火花点火发动机以化学计量AFR或接近化学计量AFR运行并且以低水平EGR运行。此允许用于排放标准的三效催化器进行可靠的燃烧和应用。然而，稀薄燃烧和/或较高的EGR需要更复杂、更高的火花能量点火系统，而这种系统又会损害火花塞的耐用性。相反地，稀薄燃烧和/或较高的EGR由于较低的泵送损失和较高的压缩比而提高了发动机的性能。
现有EGR系统利用氢燃料的特性。更具体地，氢是高度可燃的，其火焰速度比天然气燃烧快6倍。此使得添加氢能够显著地提高点火和燃烧性能。在一个实施例中，如以下进一步所述，来自六缸发动机的一个气缸的富氢“超EGR”恒定地将17％的增量提供到EGR流中，该EGR流由第二(按化学计量的)EGR路径调节。
更具体地，目前，化学计量的化学计量天然气发动机运行标准EGR回路。即，按化学计量的废气(没有氢含量)被馈送通过EGR控制阀和可选的EGR冷却器。该燃料系统通常包括一个或多个中心馈送天然气喷射器。
所提出的系统和方法将“超富”回路添加到现有EGR系统中。该“超富”回路包括具有富氢喷射器的富氢混合物端口，以提高空燃当量——在一个实施例中对于六个气缸中的一个，提高到1.2至1.4级别。对于所有缸，富氢(在一个实施例中为3％至6％)EGR路径馈送通过EGR冷却器和EGR混合器。
图1示出了根据本系统和方法的用于天然气火花点火发动机的富氢超EGR系统100。图1示出了某些标准的发动机部件，包括化学计量混合路径102、一些发动机气缸105、化学计量排气路径107、EGR冷却器110、主EGR路径115、涡轮增压器120、三效催化器125、EGR阀130、EGR混合器135、增压空气冷却器140、天然气主喷射器145以及进气节流阀150。
另外，图1示出了天然气燃料供应线160、用于使缸6富氢的补充天然气喷射器165、富混合物端口170、富氢EGR路径180以及可选的第二EGR冷却器185。
在典型操作中，天然气从天然气燃料供应线160馈送到天然气主喷射器145。然后，该天然气传递至EGR混合器135，在此处，天然气与来自EGR阀130的废气混合。然后，将该天然气和废气的混合物提供到气缸105，在气缸105中，混合物燃烧。来自各缸的废气向外行进穿过化学计量排放路径，在该排放路径中，该废气的一部分用来为涡轮增压器120提供动力，并且然后穿过三效催化器125。剩余的废气再循环到EGR阀130。涡轮增压器120压缩进气，该进气然后传递到增压空气冷却器140并且进入天然气主喷射器。
除了典型的EGR系统，图1示出了：现在将天然气燃烧供应线的一部分引导到用于使第六个气缸富氢的补充天然气喷射器165。由此，进入该气缸的燃料被富氢至相当大地超过预期的化学计量点。由此，在气缸6燃烧之后，废气的氢含量很高，并且然后使气缸6的所得高氢废气再循环到其它气缸中。
更具体地，从补充天然气喷射器165起，补充的燃料穿过该富氢混合物端口170并且进入缸6，在缸6中，该燃料燃烧。并不使缸6的废气导引通过化学计量的排放路径107，而是穿过富氢EGR路径180，并且在一个实施例中穿过富EGR路径冷却器185直到它达到EGR混合器135。在该EGR混合器145处，来自富氢EGR路径180的废气与来自化学计量排放路径107的废气以及来自天然气主喷射器145的天然气结合。然后，将该混合物提供到所有六个缸105中。
添加具有高氢含量的第二“超富EGR回路”支持火花点燃以及高EGR含量和/或天然气与空气的稀薄混合物的燃烧。富EGR具有3％至6％的氢含量，该氢含量在富燃烧缸中通过对当量比在范围1.2至1.4中(在一个实施例中)的NG燃料/空气进行燃烧而产生。该富氢－比1.0(化学计量)的更高当量，是通过将天然气燃料补充地注射到六缸发动机的一个气缸的入口而实现的。专用缸的所有废气流返回到入口。由此，最小的EGR百分含量在一个实施例中是大约17％。将EGR控制在17％之上是通过增加标准EGR的一段而实现的，该标准EGR的一段在一个实施例中包括EGR冷却器和EGR阀。
本系统和方法包括这样的优势：更大压缩比，从而更好的性能和更冷的EGR；较低的火花能量，从而更好的火花塞耐用性；减少或消除爆震燃烧；以及允许高的EGR率(>17％)而不会增大泵送损失，同时提供正的或接近零的升-背压(boost-backpressure)。
另外，本系统和方法可以提高带有三效催化器的化学计量燃烧天然气发动机的应用，该应用可以是满足关于高速公路排放标准EPA/CARB2010的便宜方法。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.一种用于天然气火花点火发动机的富氢废气再循环系统，所述系统包括：
补充喷射器，所述喷射器将额外的天然气注入到用于发动机的至少一个气缸的燃料供应线，其中额外的天然气超过所述至少一个气缸的燃烧的化学计量点；
富氢排放路径，其从所述至少一个气缸的输出开始；以及
废气再循环混合器，其中，所述富氢排放路径将富氢废气从所述至少一个气缸传送到所述废气再循环混合器，其中，所述废气再循环混合器将富氢废气与来自所述发动机的至少一个其它气缸的废气和天然气进行混合，并且将所得的混合物提供到所述发动机的多个气缸中，其中，所述富氢排放路径包括富氢废气再循环路径冷却器。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，通过所述补充喷射器来增加天然气导致天然气燃料/空气当量比在1.2至1.4的范围内。
3.一种用于富氢废气再循环的方法，所述方法包括：
将额外的天然气注射到用于发动机的至少一个气缸的燃料供应线，其中，所述额外的天然气超过所述至少一个气缸的燃烧的化学计量点；
使所述至少一个气缸的富氢废气传递到富氢排放路径，以传送到所述废气再循环混合器；
在废气再循环混合器处，将富氢废气与来自所述发动机的至少一个其它气缸的废气和天然气进行混合；
将所得的混合物提供到所述发动机的多个气缸；并且
将富氢废气传递通过富废气再循环路径冷却器。
4.如权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，额外的天然气的注射导致天然气燃料/空气当量比在范围1.2-1.4内。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于天然气火花点火发动机的富氢废气再循环系统，所述系统包括：
补充喷射器，所述喷射器将额外的天然气注入到用于发动机的至少一个气缸的燃料供应线，其中额外的天然气超过所述至少一个气缸的燃烧的化学计量点；
富氢排放路径，其从所述至少一个气缸的输出开始；以及
废气再循环混合器，其中，所述富氢排放路径将富氢废气从所述至少一个气缸传送到所述废气再循环混合器，其中，所述废气再循环混合器将富氢废气与来自所述发动机的至少一个其它气缸的废气和天然气进行混合，并且将所得的混合物提供到所述发动机的多个气缸中。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述富氢排放路径包括富氢废气再循环路径冷却器。
3.如权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，通过所述补充喷射器来增加天然气导致天然气燃料/空气当量比在1.2至1.4的范围内。
4.一种用于富氢废气再循环的方法，所述方法包括：
将额外的天然气注射到用于发动机的至少一个气缸的燃料供应线，其中，所述额外的天然气超过所述至少一个气缸的燃烧的化学计量点；
使所述至少一个气缸的富氢废气传递到富氢排放路径，以传送到所述废气再循环混合器；
在废气再循环混合器处，将富氢废气与来自所述发动机的至少一个其它气缸的废气和天然气进行混合；并且
将所得的混合物提供到所述发动机的多个气缸。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，还包括：将富氢废气传递通过富废气再循环路径冷却器。
6.如权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，额外的天然气的注射导致天然气燃料/空气当量比在范围1.2-1.4内。
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