CN105288761B - 单站ro装置与血液透析装置的组合系统 - Google Patents
单站ro装置与血液透析装置的组合系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105288761B CN105288761B CN201510598599.8A CN201510598599A CN105288761B CN 105288761 B CN105288761 B CN 105288761B CN 201510598599 A CN201510598599 A CN 201510598599A CN 105288761 B CN105288761 B CN 105288761B
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种单站RO装置与血液透析装置的组合系统,其特征在于,依据HD装置的要求,透过物或者是经由进水阀流入HD装置中或者是经由HD装置的冲洗阀流到排放口;以及设置有用于透过物的缓冲腔,该缓冲腔一方面服务于往HD装置中快速的透过物供应以及另一方面服务于负的穿膜压力的生成。
Description
本申请是申请号为“201210181129.8”的中国发明专利申请的分案申请。原申请的申请日是2012年6月4日,发明创造名称是“单站RO装置与血液透析装置的组合系统”。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种单站(single-station)RO装置与血液透析装置的组合系统。
背景技术
此项研发设计的目标在于:在保持设备安装投入尽可能小的情况下,低成本地给消耗器尤其是血液透析装置供应化学上和卫生上高质量的高纯净透过物。
此项研发设计对于别的领域例如试验室或生物学或还有药学技术的其他应用,作为用以制备高纯净的冲洗液或者也用以生产制作药品、细胞培养等所用的液体的装置,也是可设想和可实行的。
尤其是在血液透析领域,中央供应反渗透系统通常与透过物供应管线一起使用,该管线要以相应复杂的方式进行安装。中央反渗透系统的严重缺陷一方面是在装置故障情况下不进行处理的高危险,另一方面是安装成本很高以及安装设备的卫生安全性难以解决。
单站反渗透系统由于场所空间之原因主要是用在重病特别护理的范围。针对长期的(慢性的)血液透析HD,目前由于成本原因,通过单站RO系统给透析装置供应透过物是不可行的。
在RO系统和HD装置的组合中出现的其他问题是缺少证据证实:透过物供应装置没有死腔(鉴于细菌输入到HD装置中)并且完全能够被消毒。
为此,按照现有技术实施了对分配系统包括HD装置的一种集成化的化学或热消毒。
另一严重缺陷是,反渗透膜由于不可逆沉积而降低了效率和使用寿命,原因在于:生物质和难溶盐常常包含在RO系统用的供应水中。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的和目标在于:以最小的技术投入来保证对HD装置的透过物供应,同时恒定保持很高的膜性能和最佳的微生物质量。
该目的有效地通过以下方式得以实现:RO系统优选包括一次性的、即单次使用的膜,并且只通过最小的技术投入这样来进行装备,即,使得只有在与HD装置耦联时才发挥全功能,从而一方面通过各功能元件共同使用以化学无瑕疵的方式和没有任何死腔地实现透过物供应以及另一方面通过在HD装置与RO系统之间的通信能够以有助于节约资源的方式使用水和能量。
具体而言,本发明提供一种单站反渗透装置(RO装置)和血液透析装置(HD装置)的组合系统,RO装置包括带有膜的过滤器,该膜将初级回路与次级回路分隔开;原水供应管线端接于初级回路中;次级回路经由包含传导率测量装置的连接管线与HD装置的进水阀连接;以及,初级回路的浓缩物出口经由包含流阻机构的浓缩物管线通向排放口,其特征在于,依据HD装置的要求,透过物或者是经由所述进水阀流入HD装置中或者是经由HD装置的冲洗阀流到排放口;以及设置有用于透过物的缓冲腔,该缓冲腔一方面服务于往HD装置中更快速的透过物供应以及另一方面服务于负的穿膜压力的生成。
非常有利地,HD装置的阀在此被用来释放或冲洗高纯净连接管线。
对通往HD装置的高纯净连接管线的预防性消毒占有突出的地位。为此,本发明有利地设置了在反渗透膜的透过物收集管中的清洁腔。
有利地,在反渗透系统的初级侧也设置了清洁腔。
这些清洁腔的功能是,一方面实现微生物的净化以及另一方面实现硬化剂的稳定,从而防止在反渗透膜上生成降低效率的沉积物。
这一点是通过清洁腔的构造设计来达到的,其允许对从中流过的液体施加电作用或磁作用或电磁作用或电解作用或超声波作用或者不同物理作用的组合。在试验中已经发现,借助优选13.56MHz的VHF范围内的水辐射频率进行电解。清洁腔的这种形式也能用作净化装置。
微生物在这里或者是被氧化,或者是通过电脉冲防止或减少其繁殖。
物理的钙盐防护功能在于使水中所溶解的钙盐稳定,从而通常大的、带有偶极子式电荷的水分子簇被分解,并且其本身采取下述方式重排,即,形成主要非常小的水分子簇,这些水分子簇不倾向于淀析或者只是小范围地表现出淀析趋势。
但是,这些清洁腔的使用和安装位置并不限于所描述的功能。
由于在清洁腔已经关断之后,电解所产生的氧基的消毒作用以及钙盐结晶体在液体中的稳定化只是暂时的,因此,RO系统的流阻机构有利地借助于旁通阀周期性被打开和/或在一次运行循环结束时被打开。这样就突然提高了初级循环回路的流动并且液体引导部件的表面被淹没和冲洗。
为了支持消毒作用,膜收集管或者膜和间隔材料可涂覆以抗杀微生物制剂。
由于清洁腔的作用不能由用户通过其物理效果或者其针对晶体生成或污染的效果而直接觉察到,因此,可以有利地为初级及次级回路设置清洁传感器。
在此,各部件或者液体引导管线可以用透明或半透明的材料构造,以便能通过目视或光电方式检查脏污情况。
在一种有利的设计中,发送器/接收器单元设置在一个平面上。光发射器信号在这里被投射到相对置的反射面上并从那里反射到光接收器。
污染传感器的另一种设计在于,传感器确定微生物脏污层的沉积方式为,该沉积通过例如用UV光照射而反射对应于层厚的、荧光的、可测量的响应信号。
非常有利地,为了及时提高作用效果和增强物理清洁效果,可以将一附加的循环泵在浓缩物出口与混合水入口之间与清洁腔连接。这可以是与所述清洁腔相比具有不同物理作用的另一清洁腔。
这里,保证在膜最佳溢流意义上的流动通过初级回路,即,基本上独立于用于混合水供应、压力建立和循环性能的泵的工作情况。
通过本发明,不仅能够可控地预防性避免膜初级回路中的生物膜,而且能够对透过物供应实现节省成本的消毒,而没有死腔。
可设想的是,在本发明中指出的反渗透膜—由于选择性的空心纤维膜的迅速发展—将很快被类似于本发明的组合所替代,该组合由HD装置和能以低成本制造的上游的空心纤维型软化剂/无菌的过滤膜构成。在涉及相同的工艺技术任务的条件下,本发明也覆盖这个范围。
如公知的那样,反渗透系统的功能原理在于:待处理的水在过滤模块中在压力作用下沿着半透膜的表面被引导,水的一部分、即所谓透过物穿过膜并且在膜的另一侧被收集和被供应到消耗点。原水的未通过膜并且富集了截留物质的部分、即所谓浓缩物在初级回路的流动区段的端部处流出膜模块。
在选择性的空心纤维膜的情况下,在这里也涉及这样的过滤方法,在该过滤方法中,水中的特定物质被载留,以便过滤能用于血液透析处理的液体。在这种情况下,氧化消毒剂的应用和次级侧清洁单元的使用都要在材料兼容性和设计方面稍作适配。
下文描述RO膜的使用。
附图说明
图1示出表示反渗透(RO)系统与血液透析装置(HD装置)的组合以及共同功能元件的配合作用的示意图;
图2附加地示出缓冲腔;。
图3示意地示出带有两个电极的清洁单元;和
图4示例性示出带有三个电极的清洁单元。
具体实施方式
图1中的示意图表示反渗透(RO)系统1与血液透析装置(HD装置)21的组合以及共同功能元件的配合作用。
待处理的原水经由阀18通过清洁腔17流出供应管线49进入压力管3中,该压力管配备有RO膜4。RO膜的初级回路及水供应通道10的初级回路通过半透膜11分别与次级回路9及透过物袋槽隔开。
透过物通过透过物收集管穿孔13经由透过物收集管5和连接管线19从透过物袋槽9流出到HD装置21的HD进水阀23。
过量产生的或通过传导单元20测量的有缺陷的透过物能够在管线19的端部经由具有压力保持功能的插入的HD冲洗阀22流到排放口33。
借助流阻机构35产生了在RO过滤器2的初级回路中实施过滤所需要的压力,该流阻机构在RO过滤器的下游置入浓缩物管线36中,例如形式上为节流阀或压力保持阀。
当HD装置21要求有透过物时,进水阀18打开,并且在LF单元20释放之后,HD装置经由HD进水阀23被供应(供料)。
在透过物质量有欠缺的情况下或者也在需要执行冲洗程序的情况下,HD进水阀23关闭并且HD装置的冲洗阀22打开,使得未使用的透过物或冲洗液经由冲洗管线26流到排放口33。
在HD装置21中,经由除气节流阀27、HD装置的泵25、加热器29和用于HD处理的除气腔30来制备被引入的透过物。HD装置包括循环管线31以及浓缩物和重碳酸盐供应装置32。
透过物收集管5包括用于清洁单元16的容纳装置8,其电极40输出氧化剂到透过物中,例如,氧化剂诸如原子态的和/或元素态的氧或者臭氧或者OH羟基或者用于产生氧化剂的无线电波。
所产生的氧化剂与透过物一起通过管线19和起初打开的冲洗阀22,引至排放口33。
为了减小冲洗流,阀22在此可以按循环计时的方式工作。也可以包括一附加的流阻机构(未示出)。
图中未示出用于探测有机或无机沉积物的污染单元,在浓缩物管线36内以及在透过物管线19中都是如此。
为了避免在膜的初级侧-也就是在压力管3的内侧、液体通道10和流出管线36上-的沉积物,在冲洗期间以及也在HD装置21的供应(供料)过程期间都能开动清洁单元17。
优选地,冲洗阀34以循环的冲洗间隔打开并且使整个初级回路10有液体流过其中并且被冲洗。
所示的致动器和传感器可通过HD装置以及也通过HD装置和RO系统的组合来控制。这些功能元件作为HD装置一部分的空间布置也是可能的。
图2附加地示出一缓冲腔37,它一方面服务于往HD装置21中快速的透过物供应以及另一方面服务于负的穿膜压力的生成。当负的穿膜压力产生时,通过中断水供应49和通过打开冲洗阀34使过滤方向反转。在该过程中,包含在缓冲容器37中的透过物经由透过物袋槽9流回到初级侧10,由此使得位于膜表面11上的沉积物松散。随着水供应装置49的打开,它们被冲走到排放口33。
泵39升高初级回路中的压力和由此提高过滤能力。
循环泵38也有助于增强性能,并且尤其是有助于节约水,方式是:初级侧上的溢流与透过物性能(产能)相比得到较大的比例。
图3示意地示出带有两个电极40的清洁单元,这两个电极能够密封地以形锁合方式插入透过物收集管中,作为阳极、阴极,并且阳离子交换膜作为电解单元。
图4示例性示出带有三个电极的清洁单元17构造,中间电极44与两个外部电极43在空间上和在电气上是隔离/绝缘的。
通过材料选择和通过电连接方式可以这样运行清洁腔17:作为电解单元或作为电磁单元或作为带有用于电流和电压的电极接头的单元,也可以按电容的方式运行。
在这里优选的是,电供应装置的一极施加于被桥接的外部电极43,并且另一极施加于中间电极44。
在清洁腔17作为电解单元运行期间,两个外部电极43是阴极,而中间电极44是阳极。当用作电解单元时,对于达到较高效率有利的是,通过阳离子交换膜分隔开阳极和阴极腔。由于该膜的低透过率,阳极、膜、阴极的布置必须被修改来达到从流体技术角度看有利的构造设计(未示出)。
该电解单元用来产生氧基,用于钝化微生物或者也用来减少钙沉积。
图4示出带有三个电极和线圈绕组45的组合式清洁腔17的结构。
在这里,经由线圈生成的磁场的场力线在液体中进行脱钙。
代替线圈绕组45,也可以在液体中使用特氟龙封装的环状磁体或者在绝缘件48外部使用环状磁体。
除了所示的图解,可以有各种各样的前置过滤(粗滤)和后置过滤(细滤)部件,例如附加的输入口过滤器,作为炭、超滤过滤器,或者也作为安全过滤器-无菌过滤器作为后置过滤器。
附图标记清单
1 反渗透(RO)
2 RO过滤器
3 压力管
4 RO膜
5 透过物收集管
6 接头:水供应/压力管
7 接头:浓缩物
8 透过物收集管:容纳装置清洁单元
9 次级侧/透过物袋槽
10 初级回路/侧面/水供应通道
11 膜
12 外部的膜套
13 透过物收集管-穿孔
14 透过物袋槽胶接
15 压力管终端
16 清洁单元:透过物
17 清洁单元:水供应
18 进水阀
19 连接管线HD装置(透过物管线)
20 传导单元(LF单元)
21 血液透析装置(HD装置)
22 HD冲洗阀
23 HD进水阀
24 HD进水容器,带有浮动传感器或液位传感器
25 HD泵
26 HD冲洗管线
27 除气节流阀
28 除气旁通阀
29 HD加热器
30 除气腔
31 HD循环管线
32 浓缩物/重碳酸盐供应
33 排放口
34 冲洗阀
35 流阻
36 浓缩物管线
37 缓冲腔
38 循环泵
39 升压泵
40 电极
41 膜
42 组合清洁单元
43 外部电极
44 内部电极
45 线圈绕组
46 超声
47 容纳密封环
48 绝缘管
49 供应管线
Claims (13)
1.单站反渗透装置和血液透析装置的组合系统,反渗透装置包括带有膜的过滤器,该膜将初级回路与次级回路分隔开;原水供应管线端接于初级回路中;次级回路经由包含传导率测量装置的连接管线与血液透析装置的进水阀连接;以及,初级回路的浓缩物出口经由包含流阻机构的浓缩物管线通向排放口,
其特征在于,
依据血液透析装置(21)的要求,透过物或者是经由所述进水阀(23)流入血液透析装置中或者是经由血液透析装置的冲洗阀(22)流到排放口(33);以及
设置有用于透过物的缓冲腔(37),该缓冲腔一方面服务于往血液透析装置(21)中快速的透过物供应以及另一方面服务于负的穿膜压力的生成。
2.按照权利要求1所述的组合系统,其特征在于,所述次级回路包括一透过物收集管(13)。
3.按照权利要求2所述的组合系统,其特征在于,所述透过物收集管(13)包含一清洁腔(16)。
4.按照权利要求3所述的组合系统,其特征在于,所述清洁腔(16)安装到所述透过物收集管(13)的背离所述连接管线(19)的端部区段中。
5.按照权利要求1所述的组合系统,其特征在于,在所述原水供应管线(49)中插置有一清洁腔(17)。
6.按照权利要求3或4所述的组合系统,其特征在于,在所述原水供应管线(49)中插置有一清洁腔(17)。
7.按照权利要求6所述的组合系统,其特征在于,至少一个所述清洁腔(16、17)产生用于杀灭微生物的氧化剂。
8.按照权利要求6所述的组合系统,其特征在于,至少一个所述清洁腔(16、17)包括用于使溶解于水中的钙盐稳定的介质。
9.按照权利要求7或8所述的组合系统,其特征在于,所述至少一个清洁腔(16、17)以电的和/或磁的和/或电磁的和/或电解的和/或超声波的处理措施作用于流过其中的液体。
10.按照权利要求5所述的组合系统,其特征在于,设有泵(38)的一个再循环管线将所述浓缩物管线在流阻机构(35)上游处与所述原水供应管线在清洁腔(17)上游处连接。
11.按照权利要求1所述的组合系统,其特征在于,所述连接管线(19)设有所述用于透过物的缓冲腔(37)。
12.按照权利要求1所述的组合系统,其特征在于,设置有能够打开所述流阻机构(35)的冲洗阀(34)。
13.按照权利要求1所述的组合系统,其特征在于,所述膜(4)是可更换的一次性膜。
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CN108744100A (zh) * | 2018-06-20 | 2018-11-06 | 无锡市人民医院 | 一种具有反冲洗功能的血液透析装置及其反冲洗方法 |
CN108686514A (zh) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-10-23 | 浙江光跃环保科技股份有限公司 | 带有泄压阀的流量感应式压力桶水驱动系统 |
CN109261658B (zh) * | 2018-09-26 | 2021-09-28 | 山东泰丰清洗科技有限公司 | 一种高效节能环保型油垢清洗装置及清洗工艺 |
CN112618755A (zh) * | 2021-02-03 | 2021-04-09 | 湖南世耀医疗科技有限公司 | 一种一次性血液过滤器用杀菌消毒装置 |
CN115888397B (zh) * | 2022-11-29 | 2023-08-01 | 浙江奥氏环境科技有限公司 | 一种卷式反渗透膜组件 |
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US9132221B2 (en) | 2015-09-15 |
EP2554192A3 (de) | 2013-08-28 |
DE102011109093A1 (de) | 2013-02-07 |
CN102908687A (zh) | 2013-02-06 |
BR102012013411A2 (pt) | 2014-02-18 |
US9474841B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 |
US20130032518A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
PL2554192T3 (pl) | 2014-11-28 |
US20150328385A1 (en) | 2015-11-19 |
CA2775531A1 (en) | 2013-02-01 |
EP2554192B1 (de) | 2014-05-14 |
CN105288761A (zh) | 2016-02-03 |
BR102012013411B1 (pt) | 2021-02-09 |
CA2775531C (en) | 2015-01-06 |
ES2487792T3 (es) | 2014-08-25 |
CN102908687B (zh) | 2015-10-28 |
EP2554192A2 (de) | 2013-02-06 |
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