CN105275471B - A kind of method for determining surface mine open-pit limit - Google Patents
A kind of method for determining surface mine open-pit limit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for determining surface mine open-pit limit, belong to mining design field.Its step is：A, economical well spacing is determined according to economic rationality；B, with technical feasibility, be securely and reliably principle, according to existing design specification and safety code, determine excavating plant last slope inscape C, on terrain and geologic map and log sheet as the mineral deposit of design considerations, along mining right scope line, the suitable for reading of excavating plant final mining area is drawn a circle to approve, mining right scope line forms the bench crest of first step；D, according to the excavating plant side slope inscape determined in step B, step is drawn a circle to approve successively from top to bottom；E, during final open-pit limit is drawn a circle to approve, optimizing exploitation boundary, while arrange development haulage system L；F, layering ore-rock amount and overall stripping ratio N in excavating plant open-pit limit are calculatedp.It reduces workload, and design efficiency is high, and method is simple, and practicality is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to mining design field, more particularly to a kind of method for determining surface mine open-pit limit.
Background technology
Strip mining transformation is the main method of Mineral Resources in China exploitation, has the characteristics of production scale is big, security is good.Than
Underground mining has many superiority, but shortcoming is also obviously, that is, while exploitated ore, also to peel off big
The rock of amount.Therefore, one technologically advanced, reliable mining Preliminary design in reasonable in economy, safety, to rationally profit
With mineral resources, Economization on land, environmental protection and to increase economic efficiency be highly important.And surface mine exploitation Preliminary design
Key problem, be exactly the final open-pit limit of surface mine delineation problem.
It is existing delineation open pit boundary generally use method be：Carried out after strip mining transformation scheme is tentatively drafted outdoor
The delineation of open-pit limit.→ excavating plant ultimate pit slope angle is chosen after its step is determines economical well spacing → to determine outdoor
Cheat (the N of bottom width → tentatively selected opencast mining depth → calculating pit limit stripping ratio → compared with economical well spacingj≤Njh)
→ draw open-air pit bottom boundaries → drafting floor plan → drafting end of a period plan → arrangement development haulage system.This method
Essence is to draw a circle to approve open pit boundary from bottom to top.
This is a kind of tradition for the delineation final open-pit limit of surface mine since last century the fifties, continued to use always
Method.With the progressively foundation of China market economic structure, being continuously increased for mineral is exploited, the continuous specification of mineral administration, this
, problems be present in the method for kind delineation surface mine final mining area：
(1) workload is big repeatedly, and design efficiency is low.With mining relevant law, regulation, technical standard it is continuous complete
Kind, mineral administration is also in continuous specification.At present when carrying out mine feasibility study, Preliminary design, mine must obtain mining
Licensing, the limit of mining (mining right scope) in mine is determined in Exploitation license, related provisions of laws and regulations is forbidden to get over
Exploit on boundary.That is, the final open-pit limit of surface mine is suitable for reading, it is necessary in the range of mining right.Delineation dew from bottom to top
The final open-pit limit in its mine, the suitable for reading in the range of mining right of the final open-pit limit of surface mine can be ensured, started not
Clearly, just know after delineation terminates.If the result of delineation is less than mining right scope beyond mining right scope or side
And opposite side exceeds, siderosphere of doing over again is both needed to；If the result of delineation is less than mining right scope, it is possible to causes mineral resource utilization
Rate is relatively low, also needs siderosphere of doing over again.Because the result of delineation can not control in advance, perhaps also to do over again repeatedly.In addition, this method handle
Arrangement development haulage system is placed on finally, is also easily caused and is done over again, because after arrangement development haulage system, slope angle slows down,
The suitable for reading of open pit boundary will become big.
(2) method is relatively complicated, and practicality is poor.
Tentatively selected opencast mining depth in conventional method, theoretical property is stronger, is seldom used in actual design work；
Pit limit stripping ratio is calculated, is carried out before open-pit limit is drawn a circle to approve, typically using line segment than method, Area Ratio Method, computational methods
Complexity, error calculated are very big.In addition as the quickening of Chinese Urbanization construction process, building stone class mine quantity are rapid
Increase.Such mining production technique is simple, covering is few, cost is low, profitable, draws a circle to approve open pit boundary, substantially can be with
The factors such as economical well spacing, pit limit stripping ratio are not considered.
《Science and technology》9th phase in 2014, the principle and method research of open pit boundary, author：Jin Xin, the research
Determine the principle and method of open pit boundary, substantially with existing design manual as defined in principle and method it is identical, be to existing
The further deciphering of row principle and method, the research do not consider that current bargh is first to obtain Exploitation license, delimit and open
After adopting scope, then draw a circle to approve the actual conditions of open-pit limit；The method of delineation still to draw a circle to approve from bottom to top, advance uncontrollable delineation
Excavating plant it is suitable for reading Exploitation license delimitation in the range of；This method is still first to draw a circle to approve open-pit limit, then arranges developing
The two steps delineation method of transportation system, can not control the total gateway of opencut design to be present and do over again in most rational position in advance
Possibility.
The content of the invention
1. invention technical problems to be solved
For draw a circle to approve in the prior art surface mine final mining area exist repeatedly workload it is big, design efficiency is low, method compared with
To be cumbersome, the problem of practicality is poor, the invention provides a kind of method for determining surface mine open-pit limit.It reduces work
Measure, design efficiency is high, and method is simple, and practicality is good.
2. technical scheme
To solve the above problems, technical scheme provided by the invention is：
A kind of method for determining surface mine open-pit limit, its step are：
A, economical well spacing is determined according to economic rationality；
B, with technical feasibility, be securely and reliably principle, according to existing design specification and safety code, determine excavating plant
Last slope inscape is：Shoulder height, bank slope, safety platform width, clean berm width, ultimate pit slope angle,
Minimum bottom width；
C, on the terrain and geologic map and log sheet in the mineral deposit as design considerations, first by Exploitation license core
Fixed mining right scope line is plotted on terrain and geologic map, along mining right scope line, draws a circle to approve the upper of excavating plant final mining area
Mouthful, mining right scope line forms the bench crest of first step；
D, according to the excavating plant side slope inscape determined in step B, second step, the are drawn a circle to approve successively from top to bottom
Three step ... n-th steps；
It is to be changed to conventional method " from bottom to top " to draw a circle to approve open pit boundary from top to bottom first, next to that will delineation
Open pit boundary walks to be changed to synchronous progress with arrangement development haulage system, two steps；It can effectively improve design efficiency, while with
In surface mine actual production, divide the sequence consensus of step exploitation from top to bottom, be advantageous to make in order the space imagination of designer
Power；This method is applied to nonmetallic surface mine, or the relatively simple metal mine of ore body occurrence status.
E, during final open-pit limit is drawn a circle to approve, optimized with reference to ore body occurrence status, adjust each layering step
Line position, reach few stripping and dig up mine more, reduce overall stripping ratio, optimizing exploitation boundary；
F, layering ore-rock amount and overall stripping ratio N in excavating plant open-pit limit are calculatedp。
Pit limit stripping ratio is not more than economical well spacing, i.e. Nj≤Njh, its essence is in open-pit limit inner boundary layer ore deposit
The strip mining transformation expense of stone is no more than underground mining expense, makes whole mineral deposit minimum with the outdoor and total cost of underground unitized production
Or total earnings is maximum, this principle is upper simple and convenient in application, is generally used for domestic and international design of open pit mines.Its maximum lacks
Point, it is identified open pit boundary, it is impossible to directly control investment and the production cost (production stripping ratio) of opencut.Example
Such as, it is very thick or with a varied topography to some discontinuous mineral deposits or the mineral deposit of upper-thin-lower-thick or coating (such as to have isolated mountain in boundary
It is first-class) mineral deposit, using the principle determine boundary when, in fact it could happen that pit limit stripping ratio meets the requirements, and initial stage, stripping-to-ore ratio surpassed
Cross the phenomenon of permissible value.In order to prevent false conclusion, generally require and be not more than economical well spacing with overall stripping ratio,
That is Np≤NjhPrinciple verified.
Overall stripping ratio is not more than economical well spacing, i.e. Np≤Njh.The essence of this principle, it is to make strip mining transformation border
Whole reserves are less than or equal to the total cost of the underground mining part reserves with opencast total cost in boundary；With this principle
The open pit boundary of delineation, relatively uses Nj≤NjhPrinciple is drawn a circle to approve big, may cause that capital construction overburden amount is big, invests more, base
Build time length, it is also possible to which a certain period production stripping ratio exceedes permissible value during making strip mining transformation, enterprise is chronically at thanks to
Damage state；To some valuable coloured, Rare Metal Deposits etc., in order to expand strip mining transformation to reduce the loss of ore and poor
Change, open pit boundary can be drawn a circle to approve using this principle, reserves are had an opencast mining of so as to expanding；To subhorizontal ore body or
Nest like ore body also can determine open pit boundary using this principle.
With the fast development of China's economy, supply falls short of demand for domestic market mineral products, and price has than the eighties in last century
Very big raising, with the raising of ore extraction and process technology, but amount of increase is smaller for production cost, the economical rationality actually calculated
Stripping-to-ore ratio is much larger than pit limit stripping ratio, therefore, uses Np≤NjhCheck outdoor final open-pit limit and more meet reality.
The characteristics of for current mineral administration " first set mining right, then carry out Preliminary design ", open pit boundary delineation
Step：Determine the suitable for reading of excavating plant final mining area along mining right scope coil, form first step → according to the dew of determination
Its slope of stope inscape, draws a circle to approve open-pit limit from top to bottom, while arranges in development haulage system → calculating boundary and be layered
The N of ore-rock amount and overall stripping ratio → compared with economical well spacingp≤Njh。
Preferably, development haulage system L is arranged simultaneously in step E.After the existing complete open-pit limit of delineation, then arrange out
The two steps delineation method of transportation system is opened up, is changed to the step delineation method that flange determines open-pit limit side arrangement development haulage system,
Step is simplified, the total gateway of opencut is controlled in advance in most rational position, the possibility done over again in the absence of design, design
Efficiency high.
Preferably, the condition of the n-th step of delineation is, until excavating plant bottom has reached Exploitation license determination
Mining depth, or excavating plant bottom width reached design determine smallest base it is a width of only.
Preferably, overall stripping ratio is not more than economical well spacing, i.e. Np≤Njh。
3. beneficial effect
Using technical scheme provided by the invention, compared with prior art, have the advantages that：
(1) it is very thick to some discontinuous mineral deposits or the mineral deposit of upper-thin-lower-thick or coating or with a varied topography (such as in boundary
Have Isolated hilltop etc.) mineral deposit, using the principle determine boundary when, in fact it could happen that pit limit stripping ratio meets the requirements, and initial stage
Stripping-to-ore ratio exceedes the phenomenon of permissible value；In order to prevent false conclusion, it is necessary to be shelled with overall stripping ratio no more than economical rationality
Adopt ratio, i.e. Np≤NjhPrinciple verified；
(2) present invention is to be changed to conventional method " from bottom to top " to draw a circle to approve open pit boundary from top to bottom first, its
Secondary is to walk to be changed to synchronous progress by delineation open pit boundary and arrangement development haulage system, two steps；Design can effectively be improved
Efficiency, while the sequence consensus with surface mine actual production, dividing step to exploit from top to bottom, are advantageous to make designer in order
Space imagination；This method is applied to nonmetallic surface mine, or the relatively simple metal mine of ore body occurrence status；
(3) overall stripping ratio of the present invention is not more than economical well spacing, i.e. Np≤Njh.The essence of this principle, it is to make
Whole reserves are less than or equal to the total cost of the underground mining part reserves with opencast total cost in open pit boundary；
The open pit boundary drawn a circle to approve with this principle, relatively uses Nj≤NjhPrinciple is drawn a circle to approve big, may cause capital construction overburden amount it is big,
Investment is more, capital construction time length, it is also possible to which a certain period production stripping ratio exceedes permissible value during making strip mining transformation, makes enterprise head
Phase is in lossing state；To some valuable coloured, Rare Metal Deposits etc., in order to expand strip mining transformation to reduce the damage of ore
Become estranged dilution, open pit boundary can be drawn a circle to approve using this principle, reserves are had an opencast mining of so as to expanding；To subhorizontal
Ore body or nest like ore body also can determine open pit boundary using this principle；
(4) present invention is with the fast development of China's economy, and supply falls short of demand for domestic market mineral products, and price is than last century 80
Age is greatly improved, and with the raising of ore extraction and process technology, but amount of increase is smaller for production cost, actually calculates
Economical well spacing is much larger than pit limit stripping ratio, therefore, uses Np≤NjhCheck outdoor final open-pit limit and more meet reality；
(5) present invention is divided from top to bottom using open-pit limit is drawn a circle to approve from top to bottom with being used in surface mine production practices
The order of step exploitation is identical, more intuitively；
(6) the method difference of the invention with existing delineation open-pit limit is：1) existing is successively enclosed from bottom to top
It is fixed, it is changed to successively draw a circle to approve from top to bottom；2) by after the existing complete open-pit limit of delineation, then two steps of development haulage system are arranged
Delineation method, it is changed to the step delineation method that flange determines open-pit limit side arrangement development haulage system.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the open pit boundary plan that the delineation of the present invention is completed；
Fig. 2 is the open pit boundary profile that the delineation of the present invention is completed.
Label declaration in schematic diagram：
1st, first step；2nd, second step；3rd, the 3rd step；N, n-th step；L, transportation system；1-1, platform
Rank is domatic；1-2, security platform；1-3, clean platform；1-4, last slope.
Embodiment
To further appreciate that present disclosure, with reference to drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1 does not need buildings or structures situation to be protected for mine periphery
A kind of method for determining surface mine open-pit limit, with reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, its step is：
Step 1, it is first determined the technical parameter needed for the delineation final open-pit limit of surface mine：Shoulder height a, step
Slope angle b, safety platform width c, clean berm width d, ultimate pit slope angle e, excavating plant minimum bottom width f.
Step 2, the mining right scope line that Exploitation license is appraised and decided is drawn on the topographic and geologic plan of mineral deposit, it is outdoor to adopt
The bench crest that field most steps to a new level, directly arranged along mining right scope line.
Step 3, first step 1 is formed, it is flat according to safety platform width c, shoulder height a, bank slope b, cleaning
Platform width d draws a circle to approve second step 2, the 3rd step 3 ... n-th step N successively from top to bottom.Until reach mining license
Untill the minimum mining elevation or hole bottom width degree that card is appraised and decided reach excavating plant minimum bottom width f.In delineation surface mine most
During whole open-pit limit, while arrange development haulage system L.
The open pit boundary that this method can ensure to determine is in the range of mining right, can reclaim ore deposit to greatest extent
Resource is produced, and can guarantee that open pit boundary disposably determines success.
The technical parameter needed for the delineation final open-pit limit of surface mine is determined first：Shoulder height a is continuous two platforms
Height between rank, i.e. difference in height on first step 1 and second vertical direction of step 2；Bank slope b is step slope
Face 1-1 and security platform 1-2 or the angle, the safety platform width c that clean between platform 1-3 are to refer to, platform is cleaned with upper one
Bench face 1-1 connected 1-3 bottom and, with the water between next cleaning platform 1-3 bench face 1-1 being connected top
Flat distance；Berm width d is cleaned to refer to, with the upper security platform 1-2 bench face 1-1 being connected bottom and, with next peace
Horizontal range between bench face 1-1 connected full platform 1-2 top；Ultimate pit slope angle e is last slope 1-4 and safety
Angle between platform 1-2 or cleaning platform 1-3；Excavating plant minimum bottom width f is n-th step N bench face 1-1
Minimum horizontal distance between bottom.
The mining right scope line that Exploitation license is appraised and decided, Combining with terrain condition edge are drawn on the topographic and geologic plan of mineral deposit
Mining right scope coil and determine the suitable for reading of excavating plant final mining area, first step 1 is formed, according to safety platform width c, platform
Rank height a, bank slope b, cleaning berm width d draw a circle to approve second step 2, the 3rd step 3 ... successively from top to bottom
N-th step N.Until minimum mining elevation or hole bottom width degree that arrival Exploitation license is appraised and decided reach excavating plant minimum bottom
Untill width f.During the final open-pit limit of surface mine is drawn a circle to approve, while arrange development haulage system L.
Embodiment 2 has village, railway, high-voltage line etc. for mine periphery needs protection situation
Step 1, it is economically unreasonable if resettlement is technically infeasible, it can first be reserved in mining right and prohibit exploiting field
(safety pillar).
Step 2, the bench crest that excavating plant most steps to a new level is determined on the inside of safety pillar.
Step 3, first step 1 is formed, it is flat according to safety platform width c, shoulder height a, bank slope b, cleaning
Platform width d draws a circle to approve second step 2, the 3rd step 3 ... n-th step N successively from top to bottom.Until reach mining license
Untill the minimum mining elevation or hole bottom width degree that card is appraised and decided reach excavating plant minimum bottom width f.In delineation surface mine most
During whole open-pit limit, while arrange development haulage system L.
The open pit boundary that this method can ensure to determine is in the range of mining right, and protection object is located at blast warning
Beyond line.In the case where ensureing peripheral facility safety, mineral resources can be reclaimed to greatest extent, and can guarantee that strip mining transformation
Boundary disposably determines success.
Method difference of the invention with existing delineation open-pit limit is：(1) existing is successively drawn a circle to approve from bottom to top,
It is changed to successively draw a circle to approve from top to bottom；(2) by after the existing complete open-pit limit of delineation, then two step circles of development haulage system are arranged
Determine method, be changed to the step delineation method that flange determines open-pit limit side arrangement development haulage system；(3) opened using delineation from top to bottom
Boundary is adopted, it is identical with using the order for dividing step to exploit from top to bottom in surface mine production practices, more intuitively.
The difference that the present invention protrudes with prior art, the method for exactly changing open pit boundary determination.Will be existing
Delineation from bottom to top, be changed to draw a circle to approve from top to bottom.After Kuang Shang enterprises carry out mining licensing system, it should first obtain and adopt in ore deposit
Ore deposit licensing, after delimiting limit of mining, design work in ore deposit could be carried out.Traditional method of drawing a circle to approve from bottom to top has necessarily blind
Mesh, i.e., it is can not ensure excavating plant suitable for reading whether in the range of Exploitation license starting delineation, until delineation terminates
Just there is answer.And the suitable for reading of excavating plant is placed on Exploitation license model by the present invention at the very start using drawing a circle to approve from top to bottom
Within enclosing.
Schematically the present invention and embodiments thereof are described above, this describes no restricted, institute in accompanying drawing
What is shown is also one of embodiments of the present invention, and actual structure is not limited thereto.So if common skill of this area
Art personnel are enlightened by it, without departing from the spirit of the invention, without designing and the technical scheme for creativeness
Similar frame mode and embodiment, protection scope of the present invention all should be belonged to.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method for determining surface mine open-pit limit, its step are：
A, economical well spacing is determined according to economic rationality, overall stripping ratio is not more than economical well spacing, i.e. Np≤
Njh；
B, with technical feasibility, be securely and reliably principle, according to existing design specification and safety code, determine that excavating plant is final
Side slope inscape, i.e.,：Shoulder height, bank slope, safety platform width, cleaning berm width, ultimate pit slope angle, minimum
Bottom width；
C, on terrain and geologic map and log sheet as the mineral deposit of design considerations, adopted first by what Exploitation license was appraised and decided
Mineral rights scope line is plotted on terrain and geologic map, along mining right scope line, suitable for reading, the mining of delineation excavating plant final mining area
Weigh the bench crest that scope line forms first step (1)；
D, according to the excavating plant side slope inscape determined in step B, second step (2), the are drawn a circle to approve successively from top to bottom
Three step (3) ... n-th steps (N), the condition of the n-th step (N) of delineation are, until excavating plant bottom reaches
Exploitation license determine mining depth, or excavating plant bottom width reached design determine smallest base it is a width of only；
E, during final open-pit limit is drawn a circle to approve, with reference to ore body occurrence status, each layering step line position is adjusted, reaches few
More mining are peeled off, reduce overall stripping ratio, optimizing exploitation boundary, while arrange development haulage system L；
F, layering ore-rock amount and overall stripping ratio N in excavating plant open-pit limit are calculatedp。
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| CN114676468A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-06-28 | 东北大学 | Metal strip mine final boundary optimization method and system |
| CN114687744A (en) * | 2022-04-12 | 2022-07-01 | 中铁十九局集团矿业投资有限公司 | Soft structure surface mine multi-layer mining method and system |
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