CN105274965B - Slope protection structure of aquaculture pond and construction method for slope protection structure - Google Patents

Slope protection structure of aquaculture pond and construction method for slope protection structure Download PDF

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CN105274965B
CN105274965B CN201510785766.XA CN201510785766A CN105274965B CN 105274965 B CN105274965 B CN 105274965B CN 201510785766 A CN201510785766 A CN 201510785766A CN 105274965 B CN105274965 B CN 105274965B
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slope
pond
slope protection
protection structure
reinforcement device
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CN105274965A (en
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李彬
王印庚
廖梅杰
荣小军
范瑞用
宁超峰
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Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
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Abstract

The invention discloses a slope protection structure of an aquaculture pond and a construction method for the slope protection structure, and belongs to the field of aquaculture. The slope protection structure comprises an upper reinforcing device, a lower reinforcing device, a slope surface and a fresh water drainage ditch. The upper reinforcing device is located on a dam body at the top of the slope surface. The upper reinforcing device is in a right-angled shape. One edge of the upper reinforcing device perpendicularly stretches into the ground of the top of the dam body so as to fix the upper portion of the slope protection structure, and the other edge of the upper reinforcing device is tightly attached to the ground of the top of the dam body, is higher than the ground of the top of the dam body, and then is connected with the slope surface in the direction facing the pond. The fresh water drainage ditch is located in the middle of the top of the dam body shared by two ponds. The bottom face of the fresh water drainage ditch is lower than the top of the dam body. The slope surface is connected with the upper reinforcing device and the lower reinforcing device of the pond, and an inclined included angle is formed between the slope surface and the bottom face of the pond. The lower reinforcing device is located at the bottom of the slope surface and is in a right-angled shape. One edge of the right-angled-shaped lower reinforcing device is tightly attached to the bottom face of the pond and connected with the slope surface, and the other edge perpendicularly stretches into the bottom face of the pond so as to fix the lower portion of the slope protection structure. A protected slope can be prevented from sliding down or sinking, and the integrity effect, the stability effect and the fixity effect are good.

Description

一种养殖池塘的护坡结构及其构建方法Slope protection structure and construction method of a culture pond

技术领域technical field

本发明属于水产养殖领域,具体涉及一种养殖池塘护坡结构及构建方法。The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a slope protection structure and a construction method of an aquaculture pond.

背景技术Background technique

刺参池塘养殖是我国北方地区主要的养殖模式之一,具有养殖环境便于控制、工艺简单、产量和效益可观等优点。在池塘养殖过程中,大风和雨水冲刷容易导致池坝塌方、池水混浊、淡水注入,对刺参养殖不利。因此,护坡是池塘养殖的重要工艺之一。Pond culture of japonicus is one of the main culture models in northern my country, which has the advantages of easy control of the culture environment, simple process, considerable yield and benefit. In the process of pond cultivation, strong wind and rain can easily lead to the collapse of the pond dam, turbidity of pond water, and fresh water injection, which is not good for sea cucumber cultivation. Therefore, slope protection is one of the important techniques of pond culture.

牢固的池坝不仅可以保护池坝免于塌方或者池水混浊,而且是它刺参的重要活动区域。由于护坡上接受的阳光比较充足,其上生长有大量的底栖藻类,为刺参提供栖息空间和天然的饵料,有助于刺参的生长,提高成活率和养殖效益。随着刺参池塘养殖工艺的不断优化,护坡作为重要的技术工艺之一,备受人们的关注。A solid pond dam can not only protect the pond dam from collapse or cloudy water, but also is an important activity area for its japonicus. Since the sun on the slope protection is relatively sufficient, a large number of benthic algae grow on it, providing habitat space and natural bait for sea cucumbers, which is conducive to the growth of sea cucumbers, and improves the survival rate and breeding benefits. With the continuous optimization of sea cucumber pond culture technology, slope protection, as one of the important technical processes, has attracted people's attention.

养殖池塘坝体一般比较松软,池塘底部淤泥较多,这些客观因素给护坡带来了较大的难度。目前,养殖过程中的护坡工艺较为落后,已有的护坡多为编织布护坡、简单的水泥护坡、砖石护坡、沙袋护坡等等。编织布护坡坡体易受水浪冲击,布体下方水土流失直至最后塌陷,并且编织布上不宜附着底栖藻类等天然饵料;另外,在高温或水流不畅的条件下,编织布及其布体下方泥土易腐臭,刺参不喜欢栖息。简单的水泥护坡虽能生长附着大量的底栖藻类,但由于护坡的工艺简单,坡体不牢固,随着养殖时间的延长,水泥护坡易松裂最后塌陷。而砖石护坡也存在较大问题:一是砖块易受海水腐蚀,使用年限不长;二是石块的造价成本较高;三是这两种材料都不利于底栖硅藻的生长和海参的栖息。The dam body of the aquaculture pond is generally relatively soft, and there is a lot of silt at the bottom of the pond. These objective factors have brought greater difficulty to slope protection. At present, the slope protection technology in the breeding process is relatively backward. Most of the existing slope protections are woven cloth slope protection, simple cement slope protection, brick and stone slope protection, sandbag slope protection and so on. The slope body of woven fabric slope protection is vulnerable to the impact of water waves, and the soil under the fabric will be lost until it finally collapses, and natural bait such as benthic algae should not be attached to the woven fabric; in addition, under the condition of high temperature or poor water flow, the woven fabric and its The soil under the body is prone to rancidity, and sea cucumbers do not like to inhabit. Although simple cement slope protection can grow and attach a large amount of benthic algae, due to the simple process of slope protection, the slope body is not firm. With the prolongation of cultivation time, the cement slope protection is easy to loose and crack and finally collapse. There are also major problems in masonry slope protection: one is that the bricks are easily corroded by seawater and their service life is not long; the other is that the cost of the stones is relatively high; the third is that these two materials are not conducive to the growth and Habitat of sea cucumbers.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种养殖池塘的护坡结构及构建方法。本发明方法适宜于养殖池塘的护坡,具有坡体牢固、不宜塌陷、防止大风和雨水对坝体冲刷以保障池水清洁、使用寿命长等优点。护坡为混凝土材质,易于附着底栖生物,为养殖生物提供栖息空间和天然的饵料,提高养殖产量;并且护坡具有排淡水渠,防止多雨季节陆地淡水进入池塘。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a slope protection structure and construction method of a culture pond. The method of the invention is suitable for slope protection of aquaculture ponds, and has the advantages of firm slope body, unsuitable for subsidence, preventing strong wind and rainwater from scouring the dam body to ensure clean pool water, long service life, and the like. The slope protection is made of concrete, which is easy to attach to the benthic organisms, provides habitat space and natural bait for the breeding organisms, and improves the breeding output; and the slope protection has a freshwater drainage channel to prevent land freshwater from entering the pond in rainy seasons.

本发明是通过如下技术方案实现的:The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

一种养殖池塘的护坡结构,所述的护坡结构包括:上加固装置、下加固装置、坡面、排淡水渠;上加固装置位于坡面顶部的坝体上,上加固装置为直角形,直角形上加固装置的一边垂直并伸入坝顶地面,以固定护坡结构上部,直角形上加固装置的另一边紧贴坝顶地面并高出坝顶地面,然后朝向池塘方向连接坡面;排淡水渠位于两池塘共用坝顶的中间,排淡水渠的底面低于坝顶高度;坡面连接池塘上加固装置和下加固装置,坡面与池塘底面具有一倾斜夹角;下加固装置位于坡面的底部为直角形,其中直角形下加固装置一边紧贴池塘底面并连接坡面,另一边垂直并伸入池塘底面,以固定护坡结构下部。A slope protection structure for aquaculture ponds, said slope protection structure comprising: an upper reinforcement device, a lower reinforcement device, a slope surface, and a fresh water drainage channel; One side of the reinforcement device is vertical and extends into the ground of the dam crest to fix the upper part of the slope protection structure. The other side of the rectangular reinforcement device is close to the ground of the dam crest and higher than the ground of the dam crest, and then connects to the slope toward the pond; drains fresh water The canal is located in the middle of the shared dam crest of the two ponds, and the bottom surface of the freshwater channel is lower than the height of the dam crest; the slope connects the upper reinforcement device and the lower reinforcement device of the pond, and the slope and the bottom of the pond have an inclined angle; the lower reinforcement device is located on the slope The bottom of the pond is right-angled, and one side of the right-angled lower reinforcement device is close to the bottom of the pond and connected to the slope, and the other side is vertical and extends into the bottom of the pond to fix the lower part of the slope protection structure.

进一步,所述护坡结构的上加固装置与坝顶地面紧贴的直角边长度为30~50cm,上加固装置高出坝顶地面8~12cm,垂直并伸入坝顶地面的长度为30~50cm;Further, the length of the right-angled side between the upper reinforcement device of the slope protection structure and the dam crest ground is 30-50cm, the upper reinforcement device is 8-12cm higher than the dam crest ground, and the length vertically extending into the dam crest ground is 30-50cm ;

进一步所述护坡结构的排淡水渠深度为20~30cm,宽度为30~50cm;Further, the depth of the freshwater drainage channel of the slope protection structure is 20-30cm, and the width is 30-50cm;

进一步所述护坡结构的坡面与池塘底面的夹角为125°~150°;Further, the included angle between the slope surface of the slope protection structure and the bottom surface of the pond is 125° to 150°;

进一步,所述护坡结构的下固定装置连接坡面的直角边长度为20~40cm,另一边伸入池塘池底面以下的长度为20~60cm。Furthermore, the length of the right-angled side connecting the slope of the lower fixing device of the slope protection structure is 20-40 cm, and the length of the other side extending below the bottom of the pond is 20-60 cm.

本发明还提供所述护坡结构的铺设方法包括:平整并夯实池塘坝体,所述的坝体包括池塘坝顶、池塘坡面和池塘底面,整个护坡结构紧贴泥土铺设一层聚乙烯编织布,编织布上方铺设一层混凝土,混凝土上方铺设一片钢塑格栅,钢塑格栅上面再铺设混凝土,铺设完毕后进行夯实,使整个护坡浇筑为一体;然后护坡上方覆盖一层塑料薄膜进行阴干,防止阳光直射后干裂;定期洒水养护,直至混凝土坚硬为止。The present invention also provides the laying method of the slope protection structure comprising: leveling and compacting the pond dam body, the dam body including the pond top, the pond slope surface and the pond bottom surface, laying a layer of polyethylene woven cloth close to the soil for the entire slope protection structure A layer of concrete is laid on the top of the woven fabric, a piece of steel-plastic grid is laid on the top of the concrete, and concrete is laid on the top of the steel-plastic grid. After laying, it is compacted to make the whole slope protection poured into one; then the top of the slope protection is covered with a layer of plastic film for drying in the shade , to prevent cracking after direct sunlight; regular watering maintenance until the concrete is hard.

进一步,所述编织布上层铺设的混凝土厚度为3~6cm,塑钢格栅上方铺设的混凝土厚度为3~6cm。Further, the thickness of the concrete laid on the upper layer of the woven cloth is 3-6 cm, and the thickness of the concrete laid above the plastic-steel grid is 3-6 cm.

本发明与现有技术相比的有益效果:The beneficial effect of the present invention compared with prior art:

1、该发明护坡上、下固定装置能够牢固的将护坡坡面固定在坝体上,在坝体松软土质的条件下,能够防止护坡滑落和下陷,整体性、稳定性和固定性效果好。该发明护坡底层铺设编织布,防止混凝土与池坝泥土混合,有利于混凝土固化,保持坚硬强度。1. The slope protection upper and lower fixing devices of the invention can firmly fix the slope protection slope surface on the dam body, and can prevent the slope protection slope from slipping and sinking under the condition of soft soil of the dam body, and the integrity, stability and fixation effect are good. The woven cloth is laid on the slope protection bottom of the invention to prevent concrete from mixing with pool dam soil, which is beneficial to the solidification of the concrete and maintains the hard strength.

2、该发明护坡在夏季多雨季节能够将坝体上的雨水通过排淡水渠排出,防止池坝上大量淡水携带泥土进入池塘而造成池水混浊或盐度降低。2. The slope protection of this invention can discharge the rainwater on the dam body through the freshwater drainage channel in the summer rainy season, preventing a large amount of fresh water on the pond dam from carrying soil into the pond and causing the pond water to be turbid or salinity lowered.

3、该发明护坡方法铺设简单,护坡混凝土内部铺设一层塑钢格栅替代了钢筋,既节约了成本,又加固了护坡的牢固度,延长了护坡的使用寿命。3. The slope protection method of the invention is simple to lay, and a layer of plastic steel grid is laid inside the slope protection concrete to replace the steel bars, which not only saves costs, but also strengthens the firmness of the slope protection and prolongs the service life of the slope protection.

4、该发明护坡坡面利于底栖藻类等生物的生长和刺参栖息,增加了海参的栖息空间,提高了饵料生物的基础生产力,有助于提高刺参的养殖产量。4. The slope protection slope of the invention is conducive to the growth of benthic algae and other organisms and the habitat of sea cucumbers, which increases the habitat space of sea cucumbers, improves the basic productivity of bait organisms, and helps to increase the cultivation output of sea cucumbers.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明护坡的结构竖直剖面图:1上加固装置、2坝顶地面、3排淡水渠、4坝体、5塑钢格栅、6坡面、7夹角、8下加固装置、9池塘底面。Fig. 1 is the vertical profile of the structure of the slope protection of the present invention: 1 upper reinforcement device, 2 dam crest grounds, 3 rows of fresh water canals, 4 dam bodies, 5 plastic steel grids, 6 slope surfaces, 7 included angles, 8 lower reinforcement devices, 9 Pond bottom.

具体实施方式detailed description

下面通过实施例结合附图对本发明的实施构建做进一步的解释,但本发明的保护范围不受实施例任何形式上的限制。The implementation and construction of the present invention will be further explained through the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited in any form by the examples.

实施例1Example 1

一种养殖池塘的护坡结构,用于刺参养殖,所述的护坡结构包括:上加固装置1、下加固装置8、坡面6、排淡水渠3;上加固装置1位于坡面顶部坝体上为直角形,其中直角形上加固装置一边垂直并固定伸入坝顶地面2,以固定护坡结构上部,直角形上加固装置另一边与坝顶地面2平行,紧贴坝顶地面2的上方,并高出坝顶地面2,然后朝向池塘方向连接坡面6;排淡水渠3位于两池塘共用坝顶的中间,排淡水渠的底面低于坝顶地面2。护坡结构的坡面6连接池塘的上加固装置1和下加固装置8,坡面6与池塘底面9具有一倾斜夹角7;下加固装置8位于坡面6的底部为直角形,其中直角形下加固装置8一边与池塘底面9平行并连接护坡坡面6,另一边垂直于池塘底面9并伸入池塘底面,以固定护坡结构下部。A slope protection structure of a breeding pond, used for sea cucumber cultivation, the slope protection structure includes: an upper reinforcement device 1, a lower reinforcement device 8, a slope surface 6, and a freshwater drainage channel 3; the upper reinforcement device 1 is located at the dam body at the top of the slope surface The upper part is rectangular, wherein one side of the right-angled upper reinforcement device is vertical and fixedly extends into the ground 2 of the dam crest to fix the upper part of the slope protection structure, and the other side of the right-angled upper reinforcement device is parallel to the dam crest ground 2 and is close to the top of the dam crest ground 2 , and higher than the dam crest ground 2, and then connect the slope 6 towards the pond direction; The slope surface 6 of the slope protection structure connects the upper reinforcement device 1 and the lower reinforcement device 8 of the pond. The slope surface 6 and the bottom surface of the pond 9 have an inclined angle 7; One side of the lower reinforcing device 8 is parallel to the pond bottom 9 and connected to the slope protection slope 6, and the other side is perpendicular to the pond bottom 9 and extends into the pond bottom to fix the bottom of the slope protection structure.

所述护坡结构的铺设方法包括:平整并夯实池塘坝体(坝顶、坡面和邻近池塘底面),紧贴泥土铺设一层聚乙烯编织布,编织布上方铺设一层混凝土,混凝土上方铺设一片钢塑格栅,钢塑格栅上面再铺设混凝土,铺设完毕后进行夯实,使整个护坡浇筑为一体;然后护坡上方覆盖一层塑料薄膜进行阴干,防止阳光直射后干裂;定期洒水养护,直至混凝土坚硬为止。The laying method of the slope protection structure includes: leveling and compacting the pond dam body (dam crest, slope surface and adjacent pond bottom surface), laying a layer of polyethylene woven cloth close to the soil, laying a layer of concrete above the woven cloth, and laying a layer of concrete above the concrete. Steel-plastic grille, concrete is laid on the steel-plastic grille, and compacted after laying, so that the entire slope protection is poured as a whole; then the slope protection is covered with a layer of plastic film to dry in the shade to prevent dry cracking after direct sunlight; regular watering maintenance, until the concrete until hard.

所述护坡结构的上加固装置与坝顶地面紧贴的直角边长度为40cm,上加固装置高出坝顶地面10cm,垂直并伸入坝顶地面边的长度为40cm;The length of the right-angle side that the upper reinforcement device of the slope protection structure is close to the dam crest ground is 40cm, and the upper reinforcement device is higher than the dam crest ground 10cm, and the length vertically extending into the dam crest ground limit is 40cm;

所述护坡结构的排淡水渠深度为25cm,宽度为40cm;The depth of the freshwater drain of the slope protection structure is 25cm, and the width is 40cm;

所述护坡结构的坡面与池塘底面的夹角为135°;The angle between the slope surface of the slope protection structure and the bottom surface of the pond is 135°;

所述护坡结构的下固定装置连接坡面的直角边长度为30cm,另一边伸入池塘池底面以下的长度为40cm;The lower fixing device of the slope protection structure connects the length of the right-angled side of the slope to 30cm, and the other side extends into the length below the bottom surface of the pond to be 40cm;

所述护坡铺设方法为编织布上层铺设4cm的混凝土,塑钢格栅上方再铺设4cm的混凝土,成本约65元/平方米。The slope protection laying method is to lay 4cm of concrete on the upper layer of the woven cloth, and then lay 4cm of concrete on the plastic steel grid, and the cost is about 65 yuan/square meter.

生产实践表明:本发明刺参养殖池塘护坡具有铺设简单、护坡牢固、使用寿命长(可达10年)等优点;护坡后,减少了大风和雨水对坡面的干扰,池塘养殖池水清洁,适于海参的栖息生长。护坡坡面为混凝土材质,有利于底栖藻类等刺参饵料生物的生长,同时也有利于刺参的栖息,刺参养殖效益能够提高25%以上。Production practice shows: the slope protection of the japonicus cultivating pond of the present invention has the advantages of simple laying, firm slope protection, long service life (up to 10 years); Inhabitation and growth of sea cucumbers. The slope surface of the slope protection is made of concrete, which is conducive to the growth of sea cucumber bait organisms such as benthic algae, and is also conducive to the habitat of sea cucumbers. The efficiency of sea cucumber breeding can be increased by more than 25%.

Claims (7)

1.一种养殖池塘的护坡结构,其特征在于所述的护坡结构包括:上加固装置(1)、下加固装置(8)、坡面(6)、排淡水渠(3);上加固装置位于坡面顶部的坝体(4)上,上加固装置为直角形,直角形上加固装置一边垂直并伸入坝顶底面,以固定护坡结构上部,另一边紧贴坝顶地面并高出坝顶地面,然后朝向池塘方向连接坡面;排淡水渠位于两池塘共用坝顶的中间,排淡水渠的底面低于坝顶高度;坡面连接池塘上加固装置和下加固装置,坡面平整与池塘底面具有一倾斜夹角(7);下加固装置位于坡面的底部为直角形,其中直角形下加固装置一边紧贴池塘底面并连接坡面,另一边垂直并伸入池塘底面(9),以固定护坡结构下部。1. a slope protection structure of a breeding pond is characterized in that said slope protection structure comprises: an upper reinforcement device (1), a lower reinforcement device (8), a slope (6), a freshwater drainage channel (3); an upper reinforcement device On the dam body (4) at the top of the slope, the upper reinforcement device is rectangular, one side of the right-angled upper reinforcement device is vertical and extends into the bottom of the dam crest to fix the upper part of the slope protection structure, and the other side is close to the ground of the dam crest and higher than the dam top the ground, and then connect the slope towards the pond; the freshwater drainage channel is located in the middle of the shared dam crest of the two ponds, and the bottom surface of the freshwater drainage channel is lower than the height of the dam crest; the slope connects the upper reinforcement device and the lower reinforcement device of the pond, and the slope is flat and The bottom of the pond has an included angle of inclination (7); the lower reinforcement device is located at the bottom of the slope and is rectangular, wherein one side of the right-angle lower reinforcement device is close to the bottom of the pond and connected to the slope, and the other side is vertical and extends into the bottom of the pond (9) , to fix the lower part of the slope protection structure. 2.根据权利要求1所述的一种养殖池塘的护坡结构,其特征在于所述护坡结构的上加固装置与坝顶地面紧贴的直角边长度为30~50cm,上加固装置高出坝顶地面8~12cm,与坝顶地面垂直的边伸入坝顶地面的长度为30~50cm。2. The slope protection structure of a kind of culture pond according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the length of the right-angled side that the upper reinforcement device of the slope protection structure and the dam crest ground is close to is 30~50cm, and the upper reinforcement device is higher than the dam crest The ground is 8-12cm, and the length extending into the dam crest ground from the side vertical to the dam crest ground is 30-50cm. 3.根据权利要求1所述的一种养殖池塘的护坡结构,其特征在于所述护坡结构的排淡水渠深度为20~30cm,宽度为30~50cm。3. The slope protection structure of a culture pond according to claim 1, characterized in that the depth of the freshwater drainage channel of the slope protection structure is 20-30 cm, and the width is 30-50 cm. 4.根据权利要求1所述的一种养殖池塘的护坡结构,其特征在于所述护坡结构的坡面与池塘底面的夹角为125°~150°。4. The slope protection structure of a culture pond according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle between the slope surface of the slope protection structure and the bottom surface of the pond is 125° to 150°. 5.根据权利要求1所述的一种养殖池塘的护坡结构,其特征在于所述护坡结构的下固定装置连接坡面的直角边长度为20~40cm,另一边伸入池塘池底面以下的长度为20~60cm。5. The slope protection structure of a culture pond according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the right-angled side of the lower fixing device connecting the slope surface of the slope protection structure is 20 to 40 cm, and the other side extends into the length below the bottom surface of the pond. It is 20-60cm. 6.一种权利要求1-5任何一项所述护坡结构的铺设方法,其特征在于它包括:平整并夯实池塘坝体,所述的坝体包括池塘坝顶、池塘坡面和邻近池塘底面,整个护坡结构紧贴泥土铺设一层聚乙烯编织布,编织布上方铺设一层混凝土,混凝土上方铺设一片钢塑格栅(5),钢塑格栅上面再铺设混凝土,铺设完毕后进行夯实,使整个护坡浇筑为一体;然后护坡上方覆盖一层塑料薄膜进行阴干,防止阳光直射后干裂;定期洒水养护,直至混凝土坚硬为止。6. A method for laying the slope protection structure described in any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that it comprises: leveling and compacting the pond dam body, and the described dam body comprises a pond crest, a pond slope and adjacent pond bottoms A layer of polyethylene woven cloth is laid on the whole slope protection structure close to the soil, a layer of concrete is laid on the top of the woven cloth, a piece of steel-plastic grid (5) is laid on the top of the concrete, concrete is laid on the top of the steel-plastic grid, and compacted after the laying is completed. The entire slope protection is poured into one; then the top of the slope protection is covered with a layer of plastic film to dry in the shade to prevent it from drying after direct sunlight; regular watering is maintained until the concrete is hard. 7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于所述编织布上层铺设的混凝土厚度为3~6cm,塑钢格栅上方铺设的混凝土厚度为3~6cm。7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the thickness of the concrete laid on the upper layer of the woven cloth is 3-6cm, and the thickness of the concrete laid above the plastic-steel grid is 3-6cm.
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