CN105274292A - Low-medium-carbon molten steel-sand quenching medium and quenching technology thereof - Google Patents
Low-medium-carbon molten steel-sand quenching medium and quenching technology thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105274292A CN105274292A CN201510852082.7A CN201510852082A CN105274292A CN 105274292 A CN105274292 A CN 105274292A CN 201510852082 A CN201510852082 A CN 201510852082A CN 105274292 A CN105274292 A CN 105274292A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of heat treatment of metals and particularly relates to a low-medium-carbon molten steel-sand quenching medium and a quenching technology thereof. The low-medium-carbon molten steel-sand quenching medium is composed of water and silver sand according to the mass ratio of 1.1 : 1-1.6 : 1. The quenching technology includes the steps that low-medium carbon steel is heated to 780 DEG C to 860 DEG C, the temperature is kept for 10 min to 20 min, and then the low-medium carbon steel is put into a water-sand quenching medium to be fully stirred at a constant speed, quenched and cooled and then is subjected to self tempering under the room temperature. The quenching technology of the low-medium-carbon steel is conducted by the adoption of the water-sand quenching medium, generation of soft spots of quenching can be prevented effectively, and hardness is improved; and a vapor film formed by water due to vaporization at the high temperature is removed effectively, and the cooling speed is controlled in different temperature regions in the quenching technology process to prevent workpieces from being deformed or cracked. The water-sand quenching medium is easy to obtain and low in cost. The quenching heat preservation time is shorter. The low-medium-carbon molten steel-sand quenching medium has the beneficial effects of saving energy and being economical and environmentally friendly.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of metal heat treatment, be specifically related to a kind of middle low carbon steel water-Sha quenchant and quenching technology thereof.
Background technology
Quenchant implements the important guarantee of quenching technology, has a great impact workpiece tool after metallic substance thermal treatment, and current quenchant mainly contains water, oil, saline and alkaline etc.Water be apply the earliest, the most extensive, the most most economical quenchant, it is cheap and easy to get, nontoxic, do not burn, physical and chemical performance is stable, cooling power is strong.By control water temperature, improve pressure, increase flow velocity, adopt recirculated water, utilize the action of a magnetic field etc., all can improve the cooling characteristic of water, reduce distortion and cracking, obtain more satisfactory quenching effect.But because these methods need increase Special Equipment, and performance is not very stable after workpiece quenching, so can not obtain wide popularization and application.So water is suitable only for that minority carbon content is not high, hardening capacity is low and the use of the steel part quenching of simple shape.Most workpiece water quenching is easy to crack, and the reason of hardening crack is well-known: the subcooling speed of water is too fast.This is a large shortcoming of pure water, because water temperature raises, the steam film stage of cooling can extend rapidly, make the internal stress long-term existence that this factor causes, for generation distortion provides, plasticity is good, stress large and the condition of long action time, therefore not only cause serious hardness uneven, more can strengthen the distorsion during quenching of workpiece.The cooling characteristic of water is responsive especially to water temperature.
Quenching oil is oil based on the neutral paraffinic based oil that refining degree is higher usually, it has, and flash-point is high, viscosity is low, oil smoke is few, oxidation-resistance and better heat stability, the advantages such as long service life, quenching oil is only used in that hardening capacity is good, workpiece is little, complex-shaped, the workpiece that requires quenching strain little.But quenching oil is large to the pollution of surrounding environment, during quenching, hold fire hazardous.Salt solution or buck quenchant can play the effect destroying steam film, but salt has corrodibility, workpiece through salt solution or buck quenching easily gets rusty, secondly Industrial Salt or alkali is harmful, contaminated land, when the hardening liquid that post-processed is discarded, need other chemical substance or relevant industrial equipments.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art, object is to provide a kind of middle low carbon steel water-Sha quenchant and quenching technology thereof.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of middle low carbon steel water-Sha quenchant, be made up of water and fine sand, the mass ratio of described water and fine sand is 1.1:1 ~ 1.6:1.
In such scheme, described fine sand is that river sand, sea sand or mountain are husky.
In such scheme, the particle diameter of described fine sand is 30 order ~ 40 orders.
Adopt the middle low carbon steel quenching technology of above-mentioned middle low carbon steel water-Sha quenchant, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) middle low carbon steel is heated to quenching temperature, insulation for some time;
(2) subsequently middle low carbon steel is put in water-Sha quenchant, at the uniform velocity, fully to stir after quench cooled self-tempering under room temperature.
In such scheme, described quenching temperature is 780 ~ 860 DEG C, and described soaking time is 10min ~ 20min.
In such scheme, described soaking time is 10min ~ 15min.
In such scheme, the temperature after described quench cooled is 180 ~ 220 DEG C.
In such scheme, the mass ratio of described middle low carbon steel and quenchant is 1:12-1:15.
In the present invention, the oxide film on surface and carbon decortication first polish off with sand paper by the middle low carbon steel after room temperature self-tempering, then adopt Rockwell hardometer to carry out hardness test.
Quenching technology is that steel is heated to more than critical temperature, insulation for some time, then cools with the martensitic thermal treatment process obtaining high rigidity fast.A kind of very hard tissue of martensite, its hardness depends on carbon content, and carbon content is higher, and martensitic hardness is larger.Expect martensite, quench cooling rate must be greater than critical speed of cooling, otherwise can ftracture or be out of shape.Medium carbon steel is when water quenching, and because temperature is higher, water can exist with steam film at surrounding materials, and steam film has delayed speed of cooling when quenching.Visible, destroying steam film when quenching, can speed of cooling be improved, ensure carbon steel hardness, greatly solve the Problems Existing of middle low carbon steel.Water is the quenchant that cooling power is stronger.Source is wide, price is low, stable components is not perishable.Shortcoming is at C curve " nose " district (about 500-600 DEG C), water is in the steam film stage, cool fast not, can be formed " soft spots ", steel quenches in the heat-eliminating medium with states of matter change, produces the lower troostite of hardness or bainite, inwardly reduce gradually at some position, surface, and martensite is increased inwards gradually by surface, hardness is by showing also to improve gradually inwards.The position that these surface hardnesses are lower is referred to as soft spots.The existence of soft spots, the extreme influence hardness of workpiece, can not meet general industrial requirements.Analyze C curve can find, martensite range (300-100 DEG C), water is at this moment in boiling stage, and cooling is too fast, easily makes martensitic transformation excessive velocities and produces very large internal stress, causing workpiece deformation or cracking.
The invention provides one " water-Sha " solid-liquid quenchant, when water sharply vaporizes (steam film stage), sand is deposited on the surface of workpiece, as the core of bubble, the grains of sand, bursting with during red-hot metallic contact, destroy steam film, strengthen cooling power, avoid the formation of " soft spots ", improve hardness; When 300-100 DEG C (boiling stage), because temperature relative steam mem stage is lower, the grains of sand are attached to the surface of workpiece, have delayed speed of cooling, and martensitic transformation speed is also delayed, and reduces internal stress, prevent the distortion of workpiece even to ftracture.So the quenchant of " water-Sha " solid-liquid combination, can solve that water quenching workpiece hardness is not enough, strain cracking problem, have concurrently be simultaneously easy to get, economy, environmental protection feature; On the other hand, this quenchant optimizes technical process, has saved the energy, has great importance and application prospect.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is as follows: (1) adopts water-Sha quenchant of the present invention to carry out quench treatment to middle low carbon steel, effectively can prevent the generation of quenching soft spot, improves hardness; Can effectively remove water at high temperature vaporize formed steam film, the differing temps region in quench treatment process, by controlled cooling model speed, prevent middle low carbon steel be out of shape or cracking; (2) water-Sha quenchant of the present invention easily obtains, low price; Can not produce objectionable impurities in quenching process, discarded quenchant need not just can discharge in any process, free from environmental pollution; (3) use the middle low carbon steel quenching technology of water-Sha quenchant of the present invention, simple to operation, the soaking time of quenching is shorter, has the feature of save energy, economy, environmental protection.
Embodiment
In order to understand the present invention better, illustrate content of the present invention further below in conjunction with embodiment, but content of the present invention is not only confined to the following examples.
Embodiment 1
Adopt water-Sha quenchant centering low-carbon (LC) to carry out quench treatment, concrete operations comprise the steps:
(1) water-Sha quenchant is prepared: water-Sha quenchant is made up of 1500ml water, 1000g river sand, and wherein the particle diameter of river sand is 30 ~ 40 orders;
(2) workpiece of the middle low carbon steel of 200g is put into process furnace, be heated to 860 DEG C, insulation 20min;
(3) water-Sha quenchant put into by the workpiece of middle low carbon steel subsequently, stirs about 3-5s at the uniform velocity, fully and is cooled to 180 ~ 220 DEG C, self-tempering under room temperature.
First the oxide film on surface and carbon decortication are polished off with sand paper by soft steel workpiece after the present embodiment room temperature self-tempering, then adopt Rockwell hardometer to carry out hardness test, test result is in table 1.
Embodiment 2
Adopt water-Sha quenchant centering low-carbon (LC) to carry out quench treatment, concrete operations comprise the steps:
(1) water-Sha quenchant is prepared: water-Sha quenchant is made up of the pure water of 1100ml and the sea sand of 1000g, wherein the particle diameter 30-40 order of sea sand;
(2) workpiece of 150g middle low carbon steel is put into process furnace, be heated to 860 DEG C, insulation 10min;
(3) subsequently middle low carbon steel is put in water-Sha quenchant, stir 3-5s at the uniform velocity, fully and be cooled to 180 ~ 220 DEG C, self-tempering under room temperature.
First the oxide film on surface and carbon decortication are polished off with sand paper by middle low carbon steel workpiece after self-tempering under the present embodiment room temperature, then adopt Rockwell hardometer to carry out hardness test, test result is in table 1.
Embodiment 3
Adopt water-Sha quenchant centering low-carbon (LC) to carry out quench treatment, concrete operations comprise the steps:
(1) water-Sha quenchant is prepared: water-Sha quenchant is made up of the pure water of 1600ml and the mountain sand of 1000g, wherein the particle diameter 30-40 order of mountain sand;
(2) 200g middle low carbon steel is heated to 780 DEG C, insulation 20min;
(3) subsequently middle low carbon steel is put in water-Sha quenchant, at the uniform velocity, fully stir 3-5s after be cooled to 180 ~ 220 DEG C of temperature, self-tempering under room temperature.
First the oxide film on surface and carbon decortication are polished off with sand paper by middle low carbon steel workpiece after the present embodiment room temperature self-tempering, then adopt Rockwell hardometer to carry out hardness test, test result is in table 1.
Comparative example
Adopt water-Sha quenchant to carry out quench treatment to middle low carbon steel, concrete operations comprise the steps:
(1) using the water of 1500ml as quenchant;
(2) by 100g middle low carbon steel workpiece heat to 860 DEG C temperature, insulation 20min;
(3) middle low carbon steel workpiece is put in water quenching medium subsequently, at the uniform velocity, fully stir quench cooled to 180 ~ 220 DEG C, self-tempering under room temperature.
First the oxide film on surface and carbon decortication are polished off with sand paper by middle low carbon steel workpiece after room temperature self-tempering in comparative example, then adopt Rockwell hardometer to carry out hardness test, test result is as following table 1.
The tested for hardness of table 1 workpiece
| Quenchant | Heating temperature and soaking time | Hardness HRC | |
| Embodiment 1 | Water+river sand | 860℃×20min | 59.5 |
| Embodiment 2 | Water+sea sand | 860℃×10min | 59.5 |
| Embodiment 3 | Water+mountain is husky | 780℃×15min | 59.0 |
| Comparative example | Water | 860℃×20min | 55 |
The result of table 1 shows: adopt quenchant of the present invention and quenching technology thereof to carry out quench treatment to middle low carbon steel, and the middle low carbon steel workpiece of acquisition is not easy to produce soft spots, and the hardness of described workpiece all has and significantly promotes.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only for the example done clearly is described, and the restriction not to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all embodiments.And therefore amplified apparent change or variation are still within the protection domain of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. a middle low carbon steel water-Sha quenchant, is characterized in that, is made up of water and fine sand, and the mass ratio of described water and fine sand is 1.1:1 ~ 1.6:1.
2. middle low carbon steel water-Sha quenchant according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described fine sand is that river sand, sea sand or mountain are husky.
3. middle low carbon steel water-Sha quenchant according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the particle diameter of described fine sand is 30 order ~ 40 orders.
4. adopt the middle low carbon steel quenching technology of the arbitrary described middle low carbon steel water-Sha quenchant of claims 1 to 3, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(1) middle low carbon steel is heated to quenching temperature, insulation for some time;
(2) subsequently middle low carbon steel is put in water-Sha quenchant, at the uniform velocity, fully stir quench cooled after, self-tempering under room temperature.
5. quenching processing technology according to claim 4, is characterized in that, step (1) described quenching temperature is 780 ~ 860 DEG C, and described soaking time is 10min ~ 20min.
6. quenching processing technology according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described soaking time is 10min ~ 15min.
7. quenching processing technology according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the temperature after step (2) described quench cooled is 180 ~ 220 DEG C.
8. quenching processing technology according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described middle low carbon steel and water-Sha quenchant is 1:12-1:15.
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| CN201510852082.7A CN105274292B (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | A kind of middle low carbon steel water sand hardening media and its quenching technical |
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| CN201510852082.7A CN105274292B (en) | 2015-11-27 | 2015-11-27 | A kind of middle low carbon steel water sand hardening media and its quenching technical |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112921171A (en) * | 2021-01-24 | 2021-06-08 | 张会 | Heat treatment process for camshaft for general machinery |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1318109A (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2001-10-17 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Method and appts. for heat treating steel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1318109A (en) * | 1998-09-18 | 2001-10-17 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Method and appts. for heat treating steel |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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| 刘丽宏: "《热处理实用淬火介质精选》", 28 February 2009 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112921171A (en) * | 2021-01-24 | 2021-06-08 | 张会 | Heat treatment process for camshaft for general machinery |
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