CN105270154B - Vehicle fuel engine and flywheel hybrid power system with monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of vehicle hybrid system, the power train containing both engine fuel, vertical shaft type flexible flywheel, connection and main reducing gear of drive axle.Power train contains monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine (HET).Engine has governor, and operating condition adjusts control on a preferred route of efficiency by governor, and the changed power of driving or regenerative braking vehicle is usually implemented in the control of flywheel power flow.The import pathway of flywheel energy: energy is filled in plug-in, and engine fills energy, kinetic energy recycling braking.Existing chemical cell hybrid power system energy efficiency is low, and dynamic property is insufficient, and kinetic energy recycles ability and is limited, and the charging time is long, and battery is at high cost, the service life is short, there are problems for safety and environmental protection.Existing flywheel hybrid power system energy efficiency is low, and equipment cost is high, weight is big, it is more to take up space, and motor radiating problem is big, and big mass flywheel dynamic balancing difficulty is big, and magnetic bearing reliability is low.The comprehensively solve above problem of the present invention.

Description

Vehicle fuel engine and flywheel hybrid power with monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine System

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of automotive power, especially vehicle mixing of the engine fuel in conjunction with energy storage device is dynamic Force system.The vehicle with this dynamical system is further related to, further relates to fill the high-power load of this dynamical system energy storage device It can system.

Background technique

Vehicle hybrid system of the engine fuel in conjunction with energy storage device, current there are mainly of two types, one is Engine fuel and chemical cell hybrid power system, one is engine fuels and flywheel hybrid power system.

Existing vehicle fuel engine and chemical cell hybrid power system include engine fuel, chemical electric power storage The major parts such as pond, generator, motor, convertor equipment, control system.When energy is filled in plug-in, power grid alternating current is being rectified into directly Energy is filled to chemical storage batteries after galvanic electricity.When engine fuel fills energy to battery, by generator and convertor equipment, by mechanical energy Be converted to battery chemistries energy.Accumulator DC is transformed to frequency and the appropriate alternating current of voltage by convertor equipment, passes through electricity Motivation drives vehicle.When vehicle braking is using kinetic energy recycling function, which is used as generator, and related system makes energy Reverse flow, vehicle energy are converted to battery chemistries energy.Also there is design scheme that engine fuel can be made to pass through machine driving knot Structure is operated alone or combines driving vehicle.So far, vehicle fuel engine is also deposited with chemical cell hybrid power system In problems and disadvantage, comprising:

(1) chemical storage batteries, generator, motor and convertor equipment is inefficient, and total energy conversion efficiency is lower；

(2) it is limited to the power capacity of chemical storage batteries, motor and convertor equipment, the dynamic property of vehicle pure motor driving is not Foot；

(3) kinetic energy recycles function limitation when vehicle braking, because of the limit of plant capacity and chemical storage batteries large current charge System, so that kinetic energy recycling braking power is relatively low, and vehicle braking is often in the situation of high-energy conversion ratio；

(4) chemical storage batteries time to recharge is longer, and the fast charge scheme time of use is also longer, and fast charge is to the damage of battery Hurt larger；

(5) chemical storage batteries unit cost is very high；

(6) restricted lifetime of chemical storage batteries, service life have a long way to go with usual automobile service life；

(7) there are problem, the lithium ion battery of high-energy density easily draws for chemical storage batteries safety and environmental protection aspect Overheat, spontaneous combustion even explosion are played, the weight of the lead-acid battery of low energy densities is larger, and seriously pollutes environment, chemical storage batteries From production into the life cycle management with post-processing there is the larger problems for being unfavorable for environmental protection always.

Existing vehicle fuel engine and flywheel hybrid power system, typical component part contain: fuel delivery Machine, the generator being connected with engine, the flywheel of vacuum environment, magnetic suspension bearing, the coaxial high revolving speed variable-frequency electric with flywheel Machine/generator, electric semiconductor convertor equipment are connected to adjustable frequency motor/generator of wheel.Extraneous power grid fills energy to flywheel Transfer route are as follows: electric energy, convertor equipment, flywheel side motor；Engine fuel fills the transfer route of energy to flywheel are as follows: starts Pusher side generator, convertor equipment, flywheel side motor；When flywheel drives, flywheel energy drives vehicle to pass through following energy transmission Path: flywheel side generator, convertor equipment, wheel side motor；When kinetic energy recycling braking, vehicle energy is to flywheel transmission path Are as follows: wheel side generator, convertor equipment, flywheel side motor.The shortcoming of this flywheel hybrid power system includes:

(1) efficiency of energy transfer process is lower, engine fuel to flywheel fill can process and winged wd vehicle Process, require to convert by the energy of two motors and a set of convertor equipment, the peak efficiency of each process is not more than 86%, the peak efficiency of average efficiency about 72%, overall process is not more than 74%, average efficiency about 52%；

The higher cost of (2) three motors and a whole set of convertor equipment, weight is larger, takes up space more；

(3) the high revolving speed adjustable frequency motor/generator coaxial with flywheel is located in vacuum tank, high frequency pot motor Calorific value is big, the again unsmooth problem that radiates simultaneously is bigger；

(4) dynamic balance calibration of flywheel has a great difficulty, and wheel body deformation is very big when high speed rotation, be used for a long time generate it is larger The deformation of creep, these factors make the flywheel wheel body of existing rigid structure design be difficult control reduce its unbalance dynamic power and As a result torque generates harmful vibration；

(5) flywheel radial load bearing and axial load bearing all use magnetic bearing problems brought by increasing must There must be the magnetic suspension bearing active control system of very high reliability, in the movable applications occasion such as vehicle, be faced with frequent The test of random significantly shock loading, especially flywheel gyroscopic couple are quite serious to the shock loading of transverse bearing；With The mechanical bearing or Permanent-magnet bearing for being not required to control compare, and magnetic suspension bearing and its control system are a complication system after all, The probability to go wrong is higher, once it breaks down and fails, since the inertial rotation of flywheel cannot stop in the short time, protection The fever and abrasion of bearing will be very serious so that damage, will finally cause the pernicious destruction of flywheel rotor system；Magnetic suspension shaft Hold system rely on power supply maintenance, flywheel for a long time do not work but keeps rotate when can not uninterruptible power supply.

Summary of the invention

The vehicle hybrid system of the present invention program is mainly straight by flexible flywheel and monopole in addition to engine fuel Galvanic electricity Magnetic drive machine (HET--Homopolar Electromagnetic Transmission) is constituted, and flywheel is as energy loading gage Body, HET transmit energy to variable speed bending moment, and are the control axis for manipulating energy stream direction and size.

Existing flywheel hybrid power system is compared, the present invention program mainly has unique distinction in the following areas, and in property Can or functionally have and substantially improves:

(1) vehicle and the energy transmission of kinetic energy recycling abrupt deceleration vehicle is driven to use HET, engine fuel fills energy to flywheel Energy transmission uses HET, and external fill at a slow speed to the small-power of flywheel can be using external communication electric rectification through the HET coaxial with flywheel Rotor load, external high-power quickly fill to flywheel can be using mechanical direct connection loading method, which uses specially filling can stand HET and constant speed synchronous motor；The efficiency that HET transmits energy is very high, can design and reach 96%~98%；

(2) power density of HET is very high, and cost economic, weight, body in the vehicle driveline of Same Efficieney Tool has great advantage in terms of long-pending and cost；

(3) without heat-producing device in the vacuum tank of flywheel, main electromagnetic equipment (HET and axial permanent magnetic bearing) does not have Alternating current and pulsating field do not generate high-frequency vortex loss and magnetic hysteresis loss；

(4) flywheel wheel body is designed as the multiple hull construction of flexible connection, avoids the vibration problem of rigid structure wheel body, simultaneously Increase space effective rate of utilization again, i.e., it is to arrange wheel body mass block more；

(5) flywheel design is vertical shaft type structure, and the downward weight of flywheel is supported using permanent magnetism axial bearing, the diameter of very little To load using mechanical rolling bearing bearing, occurring, which may be selected when biggish gyroscopic couple impact load, is aided with mechanical protection bearing Emergency undertakes；This solution avoids all being brought using magnetic suspension bearing, and maintaining bearing friction loss can The reduced levels of receiving.

Compared with existing vehicle chemical cell hybrid power system, in addition in comparison above it is stated that it Outside, there are also following significant advantages by the present invention program:

(1), can be very quick using high-power quickly fill of the mechanical direct connection loading method to flywheel when energy is filled in outside, each The load power of flywheel can reach a megawatt or more, and plug-in also may be selected controllably within 2 minutes in the whole load time Formula trickle charge；

(2) since HET power density is very high, and flywheel itself almost unlimited power, biggish transmission power can be designed, is obtained To very powerful power performance；Equally also making the ability of kinetic energy recycling braking becomes very powerful, and energy-saving effect substantially mentions It rises；

(3) compared with the lithium ion battery of typical case, the unit of the flexible flywheel glass reinforced plastic wheel body of the present invention program at This is with the obvious advantage, the competitiveness with marketing application；

(4) service life of flywheel and HET are very long.

Technical solution of the present invention and principle are described in detail below.

A kind of engine fuel can be used for the vehicles such as car, car, lorry and flywheel hybrid power system, comprising: one Platform burning fuel exports the engine of shaft work, one or two accumulated energy flywheel device, connection engine, flywheel gear and drive axle The power train of main reducing gear and their control system etc., wherein the core equipment of power train is monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven Machine (HET).

Accumulated energy flywheel device is the vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device for being arranged in vehicle chassis, one or two flywheel can be used Device.Single flywheel scheme is relatively easy, can select under conditions of flywheel energy storage capacity is less, gyroscopic couple is little.Round trip flight Wheel scheme is relative complex, can offset gyroscopic couple, can select under conditions of pursuing high stability, high stored energy capacitance.

The specification of two flywheels of free wheels scheme is identical, is only oppositely oriented.Oppositely oriented a pair of of flywheel produces Torque direction when raw gyroscopic couple is also on the contrary, gyroscopic couple when the two Speed of Reaction Wheels are identical can offset each other completely, i.e., Effect generally zero to vehicle, is showed only as a pair of of gyroscopic couple and acts on vehicle chassis.

There are four remarkable advantages for vertical shaft type flywheel tool, first is that being conducive to the bearing assembled scheme using optimization, second is that favorably In using wheel body flexible connecting structure, third is that being conducive to the optimum layout of major diameter flywheel in the car, fourth is that advantageously reducing The chance and size that flywheel gyroscopic couple is generated in vehicle driving, to reduce gyroscopic couple to flywheel structure, bearing and vehicle The impact load on chassis.

The size of flywheel gyroscopic couple be equal to following parameters product: Rotary Inertia of Flywheel J, flywheel angular velocity of rotation ω, The sine value sin θ of vehicle movement angular velocity vector Ω, ω vector and Ω vector angle θ.The direction of flywheel gyroscopic couple vector is equal to ω The direction of vector and Ω vector multiplication cross product, both perpendicular to ω direction vector and Ω direction vector.Vehicle movement angular velocity vector Ω arrow Direction is measured there are three types of principal direction: first is that vertical shaft direction, corresponding right-left turn vehicle driving status, are frequent, the duration compared with Long, magnitude of angular velocity is larger；Second is that X direction, pitch rotation state occurs for corresponding vehicle, such as in the switching section of climb and fall, And when crossing convex closure or pit；Third is that y direction, rollover rotary state occurs for corresponding vehicle, such as when disengaging inclination slope road, And road conditions are jolted when vehicle side being caused to turn.Vertical shaft type flywheel does not generate gyroscopic couple in right-left turn vehicle when driving.

Each vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device includes the wheel body of rotation, shaft (51), the bearing in shaft, vacuum Container casing (52), shaft centerline are more body axially symmetric structures perpendicular to ground, wheel body, and wheel body contains one or more quality Block (53) and at least one supporting mass (54), these structural bodies are successively sequentially arranged with the small loop type of big ring sleeve, quality bulk Outmost turns and time outer ring positioned at rotation, supporting mass are located at the inner ring of quality bulk, and quality bulk is increased by circumferentially wound fiber Strength polymer is constituted, and connects adjacent inner ring and outer ring structural body using the flexible membrane ring (55,58) of two groups of axisymmetric shapes, outside One face-down end face of coil structures body is placed on a face-up end face of inner ring structure body, and two end faces are load-bearing end Face pair (56), a face-up end face of outer ring structure body are placed in the lower section of a face-down end face of inner ring structure body, Two end faces are that the end face that limitation shifts up is secondary (57,64), and the end face pair and load-bearing end face pair are designed as central combination one It rises, forms boss and recessinterengaging means.

The fiber-reinforced polymer Wrapping formed for quality bulk (53), fiber are unidirectional continuous fiber, fiber kind The optional carbon fiber of class, aramid fiber, glass fibre etc., the optional high-strength glass fibre of glass fibre and E glass fibre etc. use It is Wrapping formed to use roving；The optional thermosetting resin of its polymer and thermoplastic resin, the optional epoxy resin of thermosetting resin, Unsaturated polyester resin, phenolic resin, bimaleimide resin, polyimide resin, cyanate ester resin etc..Fibre reinforced Polymer is compared with glass fiber reinforced polymer, the advantage is that: circumferential (circumferential direction) tensile modulus of elasticity is higher, when rotation It deforms smaller；The density of composite material is smaller, and specific strength is higher, and the energy storage density of Unit Weight is higher；Its shortcoming is that: carbon fiber Tie up expensive, product cost is very high；Since density is smaller, and the advantage of intensity is not obvious or is only maintained an equal level (relatively high-strength Glass), the energy storage density of unit volume is lower.Therefore, there is more comprehensive advantage using glass fiber reinforced polymer, It is suitable for economy of large scale application, it is even more so after the problem deformed and creep compliance is big solves.

Quality bulk (53) can be single, two, three etc., measures and is accepted or rejected to select from respective advantage and disadvantage.It selects The advantages of single mass body is to take full advantage of high linear speed region, can obtain higher Unit Weight energy storage density, but It is that its inner hole takes up space and cannot efficiently use, causes the energy storage density of the unit volume calculated with whole equipment volume relatively low. The advantages of selecting two quality bulks is the useful space to be suitably utilized, and the quality bulk for being located at inner ring can use intensity Lower but more honest and cleaner price fiber and resin, the disadvantage is that Unit Weight energy storage density is less than single mass body scheme.

Supporting mass (54) main function of wheel body is attached between quality bulk and shaft, and supporting mass number depends on In connection radial dimension ratio and supporting mass material type.The optional circumferentially wound fiber-reinforced polymer of supporting mass material, Optional metal material, the former must use in the inefficient higher line velocity location of Strength of Metallic Materials.It is equally because radial The very low reason of intensity, fiber-reinforced polymer supporting mass also often have the situation of more bodies.Since linear velocity is lower than quality bulk, branch The fiber and resin that intensity is lower but price is more honest and cleaner can be selected by holding body fiber-reinforced polymer.The supporting mass of innermost circle is preferably selected Metal material, in favor of the connection with shaft.The optional steel of supporting mass metal material, aluminium alloy, titanium alloy etc., aluminium alloy and titanium close Gold specific strength with higher, the outer diameter of made supporting mass is larger, can reduce the quantity of fiber-reinforced polymer supporting mass；Aluminium closes Gold also has the characteristics that price is lower, lighter in weight；Steel supporting mass can double as the rotating disk of permanent magnetic attraction axial bearing, this Shi Caiyong 45 or 40Cr steel are preferable.

It is flocculence fragment, tool since Wrapping formed fiber-reinforced polymer is easy to crush in high speed rotation failure damage There is preferable safety, therefore, position is apparent compared with having by outer ring, the biggish wheel body of energy storage using fiber-reinforced polymer Security advantages.

The axial position for the end face secondary (57,64) that load-bearing end face pair (56) and limitation shift up is close to the weight of load The heart is preferred.There are allowances in radial height for two opposing end surfaces of end face pair (56,57,64), generate when being rotated with compensating Radial displacement dislocation makes end face pair static to remaining effective active area within the scope of maximum (top) speed.End face pair (57) Two opposing end surfaces between it is very close to each other, combine axially position with load-bearing end face secondary (56) and has acted on, pressure limit angles are not right Middle variation, the close transmitting for participating in power and torque；There is gap between two opposing end surfaces of end face pair (64), play limitation outer ring The position-limiting action that structural body shifts up, limit angles misalign variation to a certain extent, sometimes or take part in power and torque Transmitting.For the wearability for increasing end face pair contact surface, increase effective contact area, protects fibre reinforced plastics surface, and Rubber elastic material can be used in two opposing end surface materials of the purpose of reliability and durability and absorbing, end face pair (56,57,64), such as Using polyurethane rubber, rubber end face thin plate (65) or rubber end face chunk (66) and matrix are glued together.Rubber end face is thick Block (66) has biggish elasticity and deformation suitability, but its centrifugal load is larger, should be mounted on the matrix of outer ring, using matrix Inner hole surface carries centrifugal load.Since the load of load-bearing end face secondary (56) is larger, appended matrix and Wheel structure main body are selected It is structure as a whole, guarantees that load-transferring path has a sufficient margin of safety, and one end matrix of non-bearing end face secondary (57,64) Using accessory structure, which can be connected and fixed with adhesive and main matrix, and fitment material uses material identical with main matrix.

Double groups of designs of flexible membrane ring (55,58) of connection adjacent inner coil and outer ring structure body are relatively suitable for the mobile models such as vehicle Occasion, and be preferred so that two groups of axial span is larger.Every group of flexible membrane ring is made of monolithic or more sheets of flexible film ring, and quantity takes Certainly in the factors such as strength and stiffness the considerations of.Every flexible membrane ring with inner ring and outer ring matrix gluing, it is existing directly with main base Body gluing, also have with accessory structure gluing, accessory structure again with main matrix gluing, fitment material use material identical with main matrix Matter.Installation condition can be used not to be pre-bent the flexible membrane ring (55) of deformation, be made of both ends root and intermediate body portion, band The root of cup head and matrix gluing, the radially tapered design of body portion thickness, to reduce maximum stress.Installation condition can also be used Flexible membrane ring (58) with the deformation that is pre-bent, the free state of film shaped part in a pre-installation are equal thickness flat washer shape Shape, when installation imposed deformation be to one side bending, it is larger apart from the film ring bending degree of shaft remotely, in rotation to most Film ring group is originally straightened when big revolving speed.Flexible membrane ring (55,58) material is elastic material, including rubber material, such as polyurethane rubber. The composite material of elastic material Yu radially reinforced fiber also can be used in flexible membrane ring (58), concentrates along the fiber of radial direction arrangement In center membrane face, film ring radial strength is greatly improved, while not influencing the bending of film, does not also reduce circumferential elasticity.Flexible membrane Ring (58) carries out circumferential tension when installing, increase film ring internal orifice dimension to fit dimension, keep film ring outer diameter constant.For mass block Between double groups of flexible membrane rings (58), with positioning end face pair have certain axial distance the optional setoff installation of flexible membrane ring (Figure 20, Enlarged drawing IV), amount of bias compensation rotation when outer ring with respect to inner ring axial shrinkage difference, in the hope of in maximum (top) speed film ring be in Radial straight configuration.For double groups of flexible membrane rings (55) between mass block, there is the soft of certain axial distance with positioning end face pair Property the optional inclined design of film ring, in the hope of in maximum (top) speed film ring be in radial straight configuration.

" flexibility " connection type of the present invention program, can compensate the imbalance of each block, can be greatly reduced to dynamic The requirement of balance correction can adapt to big displacement deformation and the deformation of creep when operating automatically, rotary wheel can be greatly reduced To the unbalance dynamic power and torque of shaft effect, the final exciting force reduced to bearing and vibration.

It can be directly connected between flywheel shaft (51) and the supporting mass (54) of innermost circle, as circular conical surface interference connects；? Supporting disk (62) can be installed between, the central bore of supporting disk is connect with shaft, if circular conical surface interference connects, bearing The disk body of disk is located at below the supporting mass of innermost circle, installs elastic material ring (63) therebetween, and the latter connect with the two gluing. The object material being connect with shaft interference be preferably taken as with shaft same type, as being taken as steel, so that the elasticity modulus of the two, line The parameter differences such as swollen coefficient are little, conducive to reducing stress when installation is with use and guaranteeing that interference connects.It is directly connected to shaft Innermost circle supporting mass be generally steel, outer diameter is smaller, the general very little of rotary inertia.When innermost circle supporting mass aluminium is closed When gold or titanium alloy material, outer diameter is larger, and rotary inertia is also larger, relatively needs to be flexibly connected, while light-alloy and steel The problem of shaft interference connects is also larger, is excellent using the steel supporting disk of middle transition and the structure of elastic material ring therefore Solution is selected, elastic material ring therein plays the role of flexible connection, load-bearing and axially position simultaneously, and material can use rubber Material, such as polyurethane rubber.

Vacuum tank shell (52) is designed as the two halves structure of vertical axis subdivision, and circle flange (67) is located at shell outer circle The intermediate position on surface, flange can be located at outside of containers or inside.Design is intended to reduce realistic aerodynamic configurations ruler on the inside of flange Very little, inner flange Bian Bushe screwde on when using this design, while also existing by the pressure compaction that container vacuum generates Outside of containers four corners add four sections of ear flanges (74) and its screwde on, and corner location selection does not influence realistic aerodynamic configurations size Place, such as do not influence arrange width and length 45° angle orientation.In whole circle flange, rubber seal is set, it can also be Vacuseal grease is added on the outside of rubber seal, and flexible metal sealing washer can also be added on the inside of rubber seal, it can also be Vacuseal grease is added on the outside of rubber seal and adds flexible metal sealing washer in inside.The installation supporting portion of shell utilizes Exposed flange, this is also the installation supporting portion of entire flywheel gear and its connected structure.

As increased safety prevention measure, it is strong inclusiveness can be added between shell on the outside of outmost turns quality bulk and its Protection sleeve (68), protection sleeve and shell but do not limit sleeve rotating mutually by supporting.Protection sleeve can be set one or It is multiple, allow to rotate freely between multiple sleeves, two sleeves respectively have side band end apron (68).

Vacuum tank shell (52) can be used three-layer composite structure (Figure 21, Figure 22), and middle layer is fibre reinforced plastics, and two A outer surface layer is lightweight metal material, and middle layer is connect with outer surface layer gluing.The optional glass fibre of reinforcing fiber, carbon fiber Deng using the materials such as non-unidirectional cloth fabric, chopped strand, felt.The optional epoxy resin of resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenolic aldehyde tree Rouge etc..Middle layer can be used sheet molding compound (SMC) and carry out processing and forming.The preferred aluminum or aluminum alloy of outer surface layer light-weight metal. The advantages of three-layer composite structure is: vibration damping is big, and intensity is high, and good toughness is light-weight.

Two groups of rolling bearings can be used in the radial support bearing of flywheel shaft (51), it is also possible to two radial support magnetic suspension shafts It holds.Its axial bearing support uses one group of axial direction supported maglev bearing.

One group of axial direction supported maglev bearing is made of one or more bearings, and the situation very big for wheel body weight is fitted Together in using multiple bearings.Axial supported maglev bearing uses permanent magnet expulsive force formula or permanent magnetic attraction formula.

There is one permanent magnet expulsive force formula axial direction supported maglev bearing a rotating disc and a stationary disk, rotating disc to be located at There is an air gap in the top of stationary disk between the sides adjacent end face of two disks, and rotating disc is axial symmetry magnet structure or axial symmetry The mixed structure or axial symmetry non-magnetizer, axial symmetry soft magnetic bodies and axial symmetry permanent magnet three of soft magnetic bodies and axial symmetry permanent magnet The mixed structure of person, stationary disk are the mixed structures of axial symmetry magnet structure or axial symmetry soft magnetic bodies and axial symmetry permanent magnet, Or the mixed structure of axial symmetry non-magnetizer, axial symmetry soft magnetic bodies and axial symmetry permanent magnet three, above-mentioned all permanent magnets fill Magnetic magnetic circuit is also axially symmetric structure, and magnetic pole opposite at same radius is on the contrary, upward magnetic repulsion is made on two disk sides adjacent end faces For rotating disc, it is designed to offset the gravity of rotor.

One permanent magnetic attraction formula axial direction supported maglev bearing have a rotating disc (59,54) and stationary disk (60, 61), rotating disc is located at the lower section of stationary disk, there is an air gap between the sides adjacent end face of two disks, and rotating disc is axial symmetry soft magnetism Body structure, stationary disk are the mixed structure or axis pair of axial symmetry magnet structure or axial symmetry soft magnetic bodies and axial symmetry permanent magnet Claim the mixed structure of non-magnetizer, axial symmetry soft magnetic bodies and axial symmetry permanent magnet three, the magnetic circuit that magnetizes of above-mentioned all permanent magnets It is also axially symmetric structure, upward magnetic attraction acts on rotating disc, is designed to offset the gravity of rotor.

Above-mentioned magneto axial direction supported maglev bearing does not have magnetic hysteresis and eddy current loss.Permanent magnetic attraction formula and permanent magnet expulsive force formula Compare, have the advantages that two is big: first is that rotating disc does not need installation permanent magnet, and the intensity of permanent magnet is very low；Second is that magnetic The magnetic flux density of end face can obtain biggish bearing suction with the larger of organization design with lesser bearing outside diameter size.

Two groups of rolling bearings of flywheel shaft (51) radial support, one group of rolling bearing bear radial load, another group of rolling Dynamic bearing bears radial load and bi-directional axial load, and is axially position end.Every group of rolling bearing by a rolling bearing or Multiple rolling bearing compositions, to meet the requirement of payload size and direction.Axially position end is normally at upper end.When flywheel gyro When torque is larger, two groups of radial protection rolling bearings can be added, to undertake overload radial force in short-term.

The setting position of axial supported maglev bearing, first is that stationary disk (60) can be close to the axially position end axis of rolling It holds, and is directly or indirectly fixedly connected with bearing block；Second is that stationary disk (61) can be fixed on shell (52), at this point, its turn Moving plate can be doubled as by a supporting mass (54).

When flywheel radial support uses rolling bearing, magnetic flow is set between vacuum tank shell (52) and shaft (51) Body seal assembly.Magnetic fluid seal component and step (Figure 20) can also be set between housing lower half and shaft, sealed Between shaft and step, the interior centre bore of housing lower half and the external cylindrical surface of step connect component, and Can axial displacement sliding, rubber seal and vacuseal grease are set between two sides.

Can flywheel shaft lower end install loading disc (69), flywheel quickly load fill can when, loading disc be used for connect The load connector and shaft of external load system are filled by carrying out high-power quick load to flywheel shaft transmission machine torque Energy.This loading method can reach a megawatt or more to the load power of each flywheel, and time to recharge can be with automobile fuel filler base This is quite.

A set of HET contains two sets of rotors, a set of stator, external attached system and regulation and control system, has on each rotor The magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) of one or more axisymmetric shapes, on stator there are two or multiple circular axial lines (1) winding direct current Magnet exciting coil (9), magnetic circuit is closed loop by the axially symmetric structure part guiding on rotor and stator, at least there are two main magnetic circuit (22), Magnetic circuit passes through rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), the magnetic conducting and electric conducting body that a be up to main magnetic circuit (22) passes through two rotors simultaneously, structure Make the main current loop (23) of a set of closure, the whole rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body of circuit in series connection, rotor magnetic conduction conduction Principal current direction and the magnetic flux direction (Ф) on body is orthogonal in meridian plane, by adjust each magnet exciting coil electric current (I1, I2 ...), adjust the electromagnetic torque and electromagnetic power of direct current principal current (I0), each rotor.

HET applies the electromagnetic action principle of acyclic dc electric machine, can be abstracted and regard two acyclic dc electric machines as Combination, a power generation, one electronic, change power flow direction can be interchanged, the high current between two rotors is with shortest conductor Path transmission, problem is lost in the external high current for avoiding falling acyclic dc electric machine, while making full use of the skill of acyclic dc electric machine Art advantage realizes the function and performance of required target.Further, since the torque of transmission, power, power flow direction, steering are equal Can by HET adjust control, make its surmounted conventional speed change transmission device can only it is " passive " transmit power limitation, have by meaning It is willing to the ability of control " active " transmission power.

The electromagnetic action principle of acyclic dc electric machine applied by HET is as follows:

The axisymmetrical magnetic field of single polarity is generated by axial symmetry annular direct-flow magnet exciting coil, magnetic flux density B is without circumferential Component Bt, only meridian plane component Bm, Bm are synthesized by radial component Br and axial component Bz.There is one section of axial symmetry to lead on rotor Body, the magnetic field magnetic line of flux density B pass through the conductor, which has linear velocity Vt, and cutting magnetic line generates single polarity Induced electromotive force E=V × BL, bold-faced letter representative vector (similarly hereinafter) therein.E is also without circumferential component, only meridian Face component Em, and the direction of Em is vertical with the direction of Bm, Em=VtBmL, wherein L is that the rotor conductor on the direction Em is long Degree.Brush is set on the rotor conductor at the length both ends, draws the two poles of the earth and connects external circuit, just have DC current on rotor conductor I0 passes through, and when electric power generation, the direction I0 is identical as the direction of electromotive force Em, when motor is as motor, the direction I0 and Em It is contrary.

Act on electromagnetic force (Ampere force) F=I0 × BL on rotor conductor, since the direction I0 is identical as the direction Em or On the contrary, and the direction Em is vertical with the direction Bm, it is known that F only has circumferential component Ft, and Ft=I0BmL.

By derivation, following formula can be obtained:

The electromotive force of rotor conductor:

E=Em=ω Ф m/ (2 π)

ω is rotor velocity, and Ф m is the magnetic flux across rotor conductor, the i.e. magnetic flux of meridian plane component flux density Bm. Due to there are magnetic flux leakage, for there is certain thickness rotor conductor, belong to the injection magnetic flux of the conductive surface of current boundary with Projecting magnetic flux has difference, and Ф m takes the two average value.

Electromagnetic torque suffered by rotor conductor:

Me=-I0 Ф m/ (2 π)

The positive direction of torque vector Me is identical as the positive direction of angular velocity vector ω, the positive direction and the positive direction phase of E of I0 Together.

The electromagnetic power that rotor conductor receives or exports:

Pe=Me ω=- EI0=- ω I0 Ф m/ (2 π)

When scalar Pe is positive value or negative value, indicate that rotor conductor receives or export electromagnetic power.

When the direction vector of electromagnetic torque Me is identical as the direction vector of angular velocity omega, it is in electronic operating condition, indicates to turn Son receives electromagnetic power Pe, then via the outside transmission machine power P m of rotation axis.When Me is opposite with the direction vector of ω, it is in Generating operation mode indicates that mechanical output Pm is inputted by rotary shaft end, then exports electromagnetic power outward by rotor conductor.

In transmittance process between electromagnetic power Pe and shaft end mechanical output Pm, there are mechanical loss, comprising: brush Friction horsepower, the air blast friction horsepower of rotor, bearing friction power, rotor dynamic sealing friction horsepower.

Monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine (HET) in product of the present invention is the combination of two acyclic dc electric machines in principle, There are two rotor and its rotation axis for tool, there is above-mentioned monopolar D. C electromagnetic action between each rotor and stator.On each rotor The good magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) of the magnetic conduction and electric conductivity of at least one axisymmetric shape, it is pure that material can choose electromagnetism Iron, mild steel, 20# steel, 45# steel etc. are preferred with the higher magnetic permcability material that intensity is enough.Magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) passes through magnetic flux Measure the overwhelming majority of Ф m, and the rotor electric conductor (4) of the non-magnetic material to connect therewith is also by a small amount of leakage magnetic flux, this two Magnetic flux is divided to constitute magnetic flux Ф m together.The material of rotor electric conductor (4) can choose copper, aluminium, copper alloy, aluminium alloy etc., copper alloy In can choose chromium-copper (Cu-0.5Cr), cadmium copper (Cu-1Cd), zirconium copper (Cu-0.2Zr), chromium-zirconium-copper (Cu-0.5Cr-0.15Zr), Iron copper (Cu-0.1Fe-0.03P), silver-bearing copper (Cu-0.1Ag), are preferred with the higher electrical conductivity materials that intensity is enough.Magnetic flux Ф m with Rotor velocity ω collective effect generates electromotive force E on rotor conductor (3,4).Each rotor conductor (3,4) of one rotor The principal current I0 flowed through, direction is identical as the direction of its electromotive force E, plays power rotor, the direction I0 and E of another rotor Just on the contrary, playing passive rotor.The size of the principal current I0 value of main current loop abides by Ohm's law, is equal to and actively turns The difference of the sum of each conductor electromotive force E of son and the sum of each conductor electromotive force E of passive rotor is again the ratio between with main current loop resistance R0 Value.Magnetic flux Ф m and principal current I0 collective effect generate electromagnetic torque Me to rotor conductor (3,4), the direction of the torque vector, On power rotor and its ω direction vector is on the contrary, identical as its ω direction vector on passive rotor.Thus cause electromagnetic work Rate Pe is transmitted from power rotor to passive rotor, and power rotor electromagnetic power is greater than passive rotor electromagnetic power, the two difference etc. In ohm thermal losses power of main current loop, i.e. the product square with R0 of I0.Angle can be interchanged in power rotor and passive rotor Color, so that power flow direction generation be made to turn.

At least two direct-flow magnet exciting coils (9) around axial line (1) winding on HET stator.At least there are two main by HET Magnetic circuit (22).So-called " main magnetic circuit " refers to the smallest closed magnetic circuit of the magnetic resistance around magnet exciting coil, is different from multipath parallel connection and leads Secondary branch's magnetic circuit in magnetic material structure.Magnetic circuit is closed loop by the axially symmetric structure part guiding on rotor and stator, in loop In addition to the narrow slit air gap between rotor and stator, remaining structural member is permeability magnetic material.In these structural members, shaft (2) With the optional electromagnetic pure iron of rotor magnetizer (14), mild steel, 20# steel, 45# steel etc., stator magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (7,17,18) and quiet The optional electromagnetic pure iron of sub- magnetizer (10,20,21), mild steel etc., are preferred, magnetic conductivity with the higher magnetic permcability material that intensity is enough Its conductivity of higher material is also higher.

When two rotors of HET have to excitation source all the way it is shared when, that is, there is main magnetic circuit (22) and pass through two simultaneously The situation (such as Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) of the magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) of rotor.At this moment, across two rotor adjacent surfaces of shared main flux, It can be perpendicular end surface, can be circular conical surface (Fig. 2), can be cylindrical surface (Fig. 3).Two rotor axials that these three structures generate Magnetic attraction is different, and the axial magnetic attraction of perpendicular end surface structure is maximum, and the very little on cylindrical surface, circular conical surface therebetween, can To adjust the size of axial magnetic attraction by changing cone angle.

On HET two sets of rotors and stator, it is configured with the main current loop (23) of a set of series connection closure, the circuit is by three kinds Circuit connecting unit composition of different nature: solid structure part, the conductive connection object between rotor and stator, no relative velocity Conductive connection object between (on a rotor, or on stator) solid structure part.

Rotor solid structure part in main current loop, including rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) and rotor electric conductor (4).? The shaft adjacent with the former two (2) can be made to participate in conductive, the contact surface of shaft (2) and the former two are electric conductivity at this time, very It is integrated to shaft (2) and magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) design.Shaft (2) participation is conductive both advantageous and disadvantageous, and advantage is that resistance reduces, and lacks Point is rotation axis electrification, and increases the magnetic resistance of excitation.

Stator solid structure part in main current loop and current branch (24), comprising: be connected with rotor direct conduction Stator electric conductor (6,11), stator magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (7,17,18), stator centre electric conductor (8), stator draw electric conductor outside (16) and external circuit conductor.Electric conductor (6,8,11,16) and external circuit conductor can choose the high conductivity such as copper, aluminium Material.

Conductive connection between solid structure part without relative velocity can use conductive adhesive, can use the soft gold of solid Belong to material joint filling, liquid metal can be filled, can also directly contact conduction.The scheme of liquid metal is filled in electric conductivity and appearance Perhaps seam dislocation deformation aspect has advantage.

Conductive connection (5) between rotor and stator, using liquid metal as conductive media, optional liquid metal packet Include: Na-K alloy (such as sodium potassium ratio be 22: 78, -11 DEG C of freezing point, 784 DEG C of evaporating point), gallium (29.9 DEG C of freezing point), gallium indium Alloy (such as gallium indium ratio is 75: 25,15.7 DEG C of freezing point), (such as gallium indium tin ratio is 62: 25: 13 to gallium-indium-tin alloy, freezing point About 5 DEG C；Ratio is 62.5: 21.5: 16,10.7 DEG C of freezing point；Ratio is 69.8: 17.6: 12.5,10.8 DEG C of freezing point), mercury (- 39 DEG C of freezing point, 357 DEG C of evaporating point) etc..The contact resistance of metal liquid circuit connection scheme is small, frictional dissipation is low, can be with Liquid metal is circulated to take away heat.

Main flux air gap surface between HET rotor and stator is designed as axial symmetry cylindrical surface (axial plane type), and axial plane type is not Generate axial magnetic attraction.

By the magnetic flux of each rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), there are single magnetic flux scheme and double magnetic flux schemes, the latter is encouraged by two-way Magnetic source excitation, electromotive force multiplication.The two-sided magnetic conduction channel of shaft (2), slender construction is utilized in the double magnetic flux schemes of axial plane type.Structure Tend to elongated design further include: reduce magnet exciting coil radius of central line, coil is made to approach shaft centerline.This paraxial coil Design scheme can also reduce the copper material or aluminium that magnet exciting coil is consumed.

The shaft (2) of axial plane type scheme, can be designed as solid shafting, may be designed in hollow shaft.In identical shaft In the case of outer diameter, the magnetic conduction ability of solid shafting is maximum.In the situation that revolving speed is lower, liquid metal " brush " linear velocity is unrestricted Under, spindle outer diameter can design larger, and pivot design is hollow shaft, and the structure consumptive material of this scheme is less, lighter in weight.

It is normally applied under occasion, HET rotor is in inner ring, and stator is in outer ring, i.e. inner-rotor type structure.

Rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) and the surface that connects of rotor electric conductor (4) of axial plane type, inner-rotor type scheme, can be with It is the overall height disc face until the two outer diameter, the disc face for being also possible to non-full height adds cylindrical surface, i.e. rotor electric conductor is non-complete High type (Figure 13).Revolving speed is higher, overall height type rotor electric conductor intensity deficiency when, designed using non-full height type.

It is distinguished from the distance between two rotors of HET are different with position relation, there is concentrated and two kinds of divergence type knots Structure.Two rotor axis lines of concentrated are overlapped, and two rotors are adjacent to each other, and main circuit is shorter.Two rotors of divergence type It is arranged apart, respectively there is independent stator, there is external connection conductor propagation principal current.The main circuit resistance of concentrated is smaller, consumptive material and Weight is less, but interferes larger between excitation, is unfavorable for separately adjustable excitation, rotor bearing is also not easy to arrange.Divergence type Flexible arrangement is conducive to separately adjustable excitation, but main circuit resistance is larger, and circuit consumptive material and weight are more.

There are two half couples of HET for divergence type tool, have external connection conductor therebetween, are closed back with constituting a set of principal current Road.External connection conductor is connected with external terminal (16, Fig. 7 to Figure 12, Figure 15, Figure 16).External connection conductor can use multiple same spindle guides Body has coaxial mandrel and sleeve, and transmission direction is opposite, the identical principal current of size for mandrel and sleeve difference, mandrel and set The gap of cylinder can pass to cooling medium heat dissipation.External connection conductor can also use mixing flexible cable, i.e., using large number of Small line footpath conducting wire, the uniform mixing in two opposite line conductor mutual insulatings of current direction ground, can be outside bundle conductor plus sleeved, and Sealed guide passes in and out both ends, and cooling medium heat dissipation is passed in sleeve.Small line footpath conducting wire has the characteristics that soft, easy arrangement, small Soldering can be used with terminal soldering connection, the connection of small line footpath conducting wire and external terminal (16) or by intermediate mistake for line footpath conducting wire Cross terminal connection.

The single rotor of divergence type can be designed as having a rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), can be designed as having more A rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body.This multiple rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body is using series connection, referred to as multilevel series connection type.Using external terminal (16) and external conductor multilevel series connection type that multiple rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting bodies are concatenated, referred to as multistage outer (Figure 10, figure of connecting 11), in such cases, adjacent, concatenation two magnetic conducting and electric conducting bodies, which have, shares a main flux.Using close to shaft The multilevel series connection type that inner conductor concatenates multiple rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting bodies, referred to as multilevel inner series (Figure 12), such feelings Under condition, each main flux extends only through a rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body.

Using the divergence type of external terminal (16) connection external connection conductor, two half couple of HET can be matched arbitrarily, it is not necessary to be Same type.

Metal liquid circuit connection area (5) structure design between HET rotor and stator are as follows: bonding pad gap is axisymmetricly The radius of seam shape, middle section is greater than two sides radius, corresponds to middle section maximum radius position, on stator electric conductor (6,11), It is provided with branch slot (25) axisymmetric, with above-mentioned gap area.Relatively narrow gap is conducive to reduce resistance and tissue flowing.In Section radius is greater than the structure of two sides radius, and it is not unsceptered to be conducive to containing metal liquid when rotated.Corresponding middle section maximum radius position Branch slot, (need the second branch slot (26) for filling metal liquid, withdrawing metal liquid, recycle metal liquid It participates in).When circuit connection area, metal liquid frictional heating amount is little, and does not need metal liquid at this and bear rotor conductor electric current When being dissipated outside the conduction of ohm heat, it is optinal plan without circulating for metal liquid, at this moment can only sets branch slot (25).

Second branch slot (26) is used as the feed pathway for circulating metal liquid, and branch slot (25) is logical with liquid is made Road.When feed pathway (26,29) near zone temperature is higher, heat flux is larger, to avoid the metal liquid in feed pathway It is prematurely heated up before reaching circuit connection area, heat insulation gap (31) is set hereby, and the gas between dynamic and static part Gap is connected.The provision for thermal insulation of feed liquor further includes the heat-insulated air gap of feed liquor associated conduit (30).

It is arranged and is respectively connected with logical uniform dispatching buffer area gap with branch slot (25) and the second branch slot (26) and leads to Road (27,29), the channel narrow end and gap (25,26) are connected, wide end and it is several be evenly distributed lead to external attached system Round tube (28,30) be connected.The buffer area of this wedge-shaped design is used for the even feed liquor flowing of the circumferential asymmetry of round tube (30) as far as possible It is adjusted to the circumferential uniformly feed liquor flowing in gap (26), makes the even liquid stream out of the circumferential asymmetry of round tube (28) is dynamic not influence to stitch as far as possible The circumferential uniform liquid stream out of gap (25) is dynamic.

At the both ends of HET metal liquid circuit connection area (5), on stator electric conductor (6,11), be provided with it is axisymmetric, with The groove (32) of gap (5) connection, the annular sebific duct (33) of sealing is installed in groove, has a snorkel (34) and sebific duct to connect Logical, snorkel passes through stator electric conductor (6,11), snorkel and external attached system connectivity.By adjusting in sealed rubber pipe (33) Gas pressure intensity, can control the expansion and contraction of sebific duct, to control rubber hose outer wall and the contact condition of rotor wall surface and separate State realizes the sealing to circuit connection area gap (5).Pull of vacuum and maintenance are kept when the sealing is for filling metal liquid Liquid boundary can also be used the sealing as special liquid Conservation measures in no revolving speed or lower revolving speed.

On HET stator electric conductor (6,11), in the both ends of circuit connection area (5), in place of close sebific duct (33), respectively open There is a venthole (35), is connected to external attached system.When machine assembles initial added metal liquid, first connect to circuit It connects whole chambers that area (5) is connected and pipeline vacuumizes, then to sealed rubber pipe (33) pressurising, make rubber hose outer wall and rotor wall surface It is in sealing contact, the lasting vacuum pumping kept to two ventholes (35), meanwhile, since exterior line injects liquid, press It is carried out according to serial transmission line sequence, fills metal liquid to the vacuum chamber being connected with circuit connection area, acted on using vacuum suction, Metal liquid is set to be full of the space sealed by sebific duct (33).Lasting vacuum pumping to two ventholes (35), maintains gold Belong to the vacuum degree in liquid injection process, ensure that metal liquid reaches the both ends of circuit connection area.Gold is injected from exterior line Belong to liquid to start, be carried out according to serial transmission line sequence, the purpose is to drive all gas out of, there are closed gas dead zones.Two A venthole should be that metal liquid finally reaches place, when metal liquid occurs in the exterior line of certain venthole, can define Judge that metal liquid arrived this end of circuit connection area.

One liquid metal volume adjustment valve, the volume adjustable chamber and electricity of the valve are set in HET external attached system Road bonding pad (5) communicates.When needing to change the metal liquid capacity of circuit connection area, the volume of the valve is adjusted.Volume Regulating valve can use piston structure, piston structure, membrane configuration.

The fluid circulation pump driving of HET metal liquid circulated by being arranged in external subsystem, which can be with Using centrifugal pump, axial-flow pump, mixed-flow pump, gear pump, screw pump, electromagnetic pump etc., the flow of the pump is answered adjustable.It circulates Main purpose be to take away taken heat, play cooling effect, in addition can also filter out solid impurity in metal liquid and taken gas Bubble, reduce circuit connection area solid wall surface abrasion, eliminate flowing in be involved in bubble adverse effect (such as total volume increase, lead The hot reduction of conductance, flowing easily occur unstable).Metal liquid is circulated circuit connection area, especially the second branch The feed liquor in gap (26) flows, and is very beneficial for the stabilizing tissue flowed in circuit connection area, i.e. holding liquid and rotation wall surface Steady contact do not separate, keep liquid regions boundary to stablize and do not channel bit and sets, there is the self-defence of certain resistance external forces Ability.

The surface heat exchanging formula radiator for the cooling cycle flowing metal liquid being arranged in HET external attached system, can be with It is directly cooling by outside air or water, can also be cooling in advance using intermediate medium (such as insulating oil), then recycled by intermediate medium It is finally cooled down into the centralized heat exchanger separately set by outside air or water.Due to each circulation path with different potentials It needs to insulate between liquid metal, it is contemplated that liquid metal needs are strictly isolated with outside air especially water, lazy using chemistry Property insulating oil (such as transformer Cooling oil) be used as intermediate medium, and secondary centralized heat exchanger, Ying Shi are separately set using outside It is a kind of preferably to correspond to scheme.

The solid impurity filter and bubble for the liquid metal recycle stream hydrodynamic being arranged in HET external attached system filter out Device, can use powder metallurgy porous material, and material can use nickel, bronze, stainless steel etc..

It for HET liquid metal circuit connection area, needs to be isolated outside air, therefore the sealing knot for being directed to separate cavities is set Structure including movable sealing structure, and vacuumizes to separate cavities and fills inert gas.Inert gas can be nitrogen or helium, Nitrogen is inexpensive, leakage is slow, but larger with the gas friction resistance of rotor, and helium feature is opposite with nitrogen.Magnetic can be used in dynamic sealing Property fluid seal structure.At this point, the bearing of supporting rotor is arranged except separate cavities, and contacting external air, first is that avoiding axis Bearing lubrication oil or rouge evaporate in separate cavities, second is that it is (vacuum, non-air, non-oxygen to guarantee that rolling bearing works in air atmosphere Change rolling bearing abrasion aggravation under environment).

It is processable to have wear-resisting, conductive surface layer on the rotor of liquid metal circuit connection area (5), stator wall surface.Superficial layer It can be plating hard chrome, the hard silver of plating, the hard gold of plating, plating silver-antimony alloy, plating gold cobalt alloy, gold-plated nickel alloy, gold-plated antimony alloy, gold-carbon Change tungsten composite deposite, gold-boron nitride composite deposite, chemical nickeling phosphorus alloy film, chemical nickel boron alloy cladding, chemical nickel plating Phosphorus alloy-SiC composite coat, chemical plating nickel-phosphorus alloy-diamond composite deposite, chemical nickel boron alloy-diamond are compound Coating.

The sensing element of the settable detection metal liquid liquid level in liquid metal circuit connection area, it may be assumed that in circuit connection area (5) On stator electric conductor (6, the 11) wall surface at channel both ends, it is inlaid with the strip thin sheet-like element of resistance material, element duration axis In meridian plane, an interarea of element is flushed with channel wall, and naked, another interarea and four sides are in groove, surface By with insulating materials, element both ends are connected with conducting wire, and conducting wire leads to external attached system.Sensing element resistance material requires to have Resistivity high as far as possible, can be used electric resistance alloy, brush electrical carbon material, and resin graphite, electrochemical stone may be selected in brush electrical carbon material Ink, metallic graphite carbon, natural graphite.

There are the object materials of contact with metal liquid, plastics should not be used, using fluorubber should be selected when rubber material.It is optional It include: sealed rubber pipe (33) with the object of fluorubber, the liquid metal seam end part seal in main current loop between adjacent conductor Part has the structure mid-separate surface seal glue of contact with metal liquid.

According to point of single flywheel and free wheels, point of concentrated and divergence type HET, point of two-wheeled and four-wheel drive, directly Point of four-wheel and transfer four-wheel drive, the present invention program give the dynamical system composition of following 12 kinds of subdivisions:

The universal description part of single flywheel, concentrated HET structure: an accumulated energy flywheel device and two concentrated are used HET, a HET (being denoted as HET1) are located at flywheel end, and input terminal rotor and flywheel share a shaft, another HET (is denoted as HET3) it is located at engine end, the output axis connection of input terminal rotor and engine, or passes through a fixed speed ratio machine driving Device connection, output end rotor are connected by a clutch (being denoted as clutch 3) and take-off (propeller) shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 3) It connects；

(1) single flywheel, concentrated HET, two-wheel drive structure: in " the universal description portion of single flywheel, concentrated HET structure Point " after explanation: the output end rotor shaft upper end of HET1 is provided with bevel-gear sett, and a bevel gear and the shaft are straight Connection, another bevel gear pass sequentially through transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) and clutch (being denoted as clutch 1) and driving bridge main reducing speed Device connection, or also concatenate between clutch 1 and main reducing gear a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change than retarder, Or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, pass through one group of gear connection between transmission shaft 1 and transmission shaft 3；

(2) single flywheel, concentrated HET, the four-wheel drive structure with transfer: " single flywheel, concentrated HET structure it is logical With declaratives " after explanation: the output end rotor shaft upper end of HET1 is provided with bevel-gear sett, a bevel gear with The shaft direct connection, another bevel gear pass sequentially through transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) and clutch (being denoted as clutch 1) and distribution The transfer gear or inter-axle differential of antero posterior axis driving force connect, or between clutch 1 and transfer gear or inter-axle differential also A fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change are concatenated than retarder, transfer gear or inter-axle differential again with former and later two drive axles Main reducing gear connection, or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, connected between transmission shaft 1 and transmission shaft 3 by one group of gear It connects；

(3) single flywheel, concentrated HET, direct four-wheel drive structure: in " the general theory of single flywheel, concentrated HET structure Explanation after bright part ": the output end rotor shaft upper end of HET1 is provided with trident bevel gear set, including a vertical shaft master Dynamic bevel gear and two driven wheel of differential, drive bevel gear and the shaft direct connection, a driven wheel of differential pass sequentially through transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) and clutch (being denoted as clutch 1) are connect with the main reducing gear of a drive axle, or clutch 1 with A fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change are also concatenated between main reducing gear than retarder, or wherein also add one it is universal Transmission shaft, another driven wheel of differential pass sequentially through transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 2), inter-axle differential and clutch (be denoted as from Clutch 2) it is connect with the main reducing gear of another drive axle, or a fixation is also concatenated between clutch 2 and main reducing gear Speed ratio speed reducer or step speed change are than retarder, or wherein also add a universal drive shaft, transmission shaft 1 and transmission shaft 3 it Between pass through the connection of one group of gear；

The universal description part of free wheels, concentrated HET structure: using two oppositely oriented accumulated energy flywheel devices and three A concentrated HET, first HET (being denoted as HET1) are located at a flywheel end, and second HET (being denoted as HET2) flies positioned at another The flywheel that the input terminal rotor of wheel end, HET1 and HET2 are corresponding shares a shaft, third HET (being denoted as HET3) position In engine end, the output axis connection of input terminal rotor and engine, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device It connects, output end rotor is connect by a clutch (being denoted as clutch 3) with take-off (propeller) shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 3)；

(4) free wheels, concentrated HET, two-wheel drive structure: in " the universal description portion of free wheels, concentrated HET structure Point " after explanation: the output end rotor shaft upper end of HET1 is provided with trident bevel gear set (containing a vertical shaft drive bevel gear With two driven wheel of differential), drive bevel gear therein and the shaft direct connection, the output end rotor shaft upper end of HET2 is provided with The one of bevel-gear sett, one of bevel gear and the shaft direct connection, another bevel gear therein and trident bevel gear set A driven wheel of differential passes sequentially through transmission by a Universal drive axis connection, another driven wheel of differential of trident bevel gear set Axis (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) and clutch (being denoted as clutch 1) are connect with main reducing gear of drive axle, or are subtracted in clutch 1 and master A fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change are also concatenated between fast device than retarder, or wherein also add a Universal drive Axis passes through one group of gear connection between transmission shaft 1 and transmission shaft 3；

(5) free wheels, concentrated HET, the four-wheel drive structure with transfer: " free wheels, concentrated HET structure it is logical With declaratives " after explanation: the output end rotor shaft upper end of HET1 is provided with trident bevel gear set (containing a vertical shaft master Dynamic bevel gear and two driven wheel of differential), drive bevel gear therein and the shaft direct connection, on the output end rotor shaft of HET2 End is provided with bevel-gear sett, one of bevel gear and the shaft direct connection, another bevel gear therein and trident bore tooth One driven wheel of differential of wheel group is by a Universal drive axis connection, another driven wheel of differential of trident bevel gear set is successively Pass through the transfer gear or between centers of transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) and clutch (being denoted as clutch 1) and distribution antero posterior axis driving force Differential mechanism connection, or clutch 1 with also concatenate a fixed speed ratio retarder between transfer gear or inter-axle differential or have Grade gear ratio retarder, transfer gear or inter-axle differential are connect with former and later two main reducing gear of drive axle again, or are wherein also increased If a universal drive shaft, pass through one group of gear connection between transmission shaft 1 and transmission shaft 3；

(6) free wheels, concentrated HET, direct four-wheel drive structure: in " the general theory of free wheels, concentrated HET structure Explanation after bright part ": it is (vertical containing one that the output end rotor shaft upper end of HET1 and HET2 is provided with trident bevel gear set Axle drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differential), two drive bevel gears difference direct connections in two above-mentioned shafts, HET1 and Each driven wheel of differential above HET2 by a Universal drive axis connection, another driven wheel of differential above HET1 according to It is secondary to be connect by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) and clutch (being denoted as clutch 1) with the main reducing gear of a drive axle, or A fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change are also concatenated between clutch 1 and main reducing gear than retarder, or wherein also A universal drive shaft is added, another driven wheel of differential above HET2 passes sequentially through transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 2), between centers Differential mechanism and clutch (being denoted as clutch 2) are connect with the main reducing gear of another drive axle, or in clutch 2 and main deceleration A fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change are also concatenated between device than retarder, or wherein also add a Universal drive Axis passes through one group of gear connection between transmission shaft 1 and transmission shaft 3；

(7) single flywheel, divergence type HET, two-wheel drive structure: release using an accumulated energy flywheel device and a half point HET (contains three half couples of HET), and first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) and flywheel share a shaft, second half couple (being denoted as HETh12) shaft is connect with main reducing gear of drive axle, or is subtracted by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change ratio Fast device connection, or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, third half couple (being denoted as HETh3) shaft and engine export Axis connection, or by a fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device connection, the main circuit of three half couples of HET passes through external terminal (16) and external connection conductor series connection constitutes a principal current closed circuit；The design that HETh11 and HETh12 can be chosen when design is maximum Electromotive force offsets；

(8) an accumulated energy flywheel device and one and half single flywheel, divergence type HET, the four-wheel drive structure with transfer: are used Divergence type HET (contains three half couples of HET), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) and the shared shaft of flywheel, and second Half couple (being denoted as HETh12) shaft is connect with the transfer gear of distribution antero posterior axis driving force or inter-axle differential, or passes through one Fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change are connected than retarder, transfer gear or inter-axle differential again with former and later two driving bridge main reducings Fast device connection, or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, third half couple (being denoted as HETh3) shaft and engine export Axis connection, or by a fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device connection, the main circuit of three half couples of HET passes through external terminal (16) and external connection conductor series connection constitutes a principal current closed circuit；The design that HETh11 and HETh12 can be chosen when design is maximum Electromotive force offsets；

(9) an accumulated energy flywheel device and two divergence types single flywheel, divergence type HET, direct four-wheel drive structure: are used HET (contains four half couples of HET), and first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) and flywheel share a shaft, second half couple (being denoted as HETh12) shaft is connect with the main reducing gear of a drive axle, or by a fixed speed ratio retarder or has grade change Speed ratio speed reducer connection, or wherein also adds a universal drive shaft, third half couple (being denoted as HETh22) shaft and another The main reducing gear connection of one drive axle, or connected by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change than retarder, or Person wherein also adds a universal drive shaft, and the 4th half couple (being denoted as HETh3) shaft is connect with engine output shaft, or logical A fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device connection is crossed, the main circuit of four half couples of HET is led by external terminal (16) and external connection A body principal current closed circuit in series；Flywheel side HETh11 can be chosen when design designs maximum electromotive force and two wheels The sum of design maximum electromotive force of side HETh12 and HETh22 offsets, and generally takes the design of two wheel sides HETh12 and HETh22 Maximum electromotive force is identical, and design maximum (top) speed is also identical；

(10) free wheels, divergence type HET, two-wheel drive structure: using two oppositely oriented accumulated energy flywheel devices and two A divergence type HET (containing four half couples of HET), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a shaft with a flywheel, Second half couple (being denoted as HETh21) and another flywheel share a shaft, third half couple (being denoted as HETh12) shaft It connect, or is connected by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change than retarder, Huo Zheqi with main reducing gear of drive axle In also add a universal drive shaft, the 4th half couple (being denoted as HETh3) shaft is connect with engine output shaft, or pass through one A fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device connection, the main circuit of four half couples of HET pass through external terminal (16) and external connection conductor string Connection constitutes a principal current closed circuit；It is optional when design that wheel side HETh12 is taken to design maximum electromotive force and two flywheel sides The sum of design maximum electromotive force of HETh11 and HETh21 offsets, and usually takes the design of two flywheel side HETh11 and HETh21 most Big electromotive force is identical, and design maximum (top) speed is also identical；

(11) free wheels, divergence type HET, the four-wheel drive structure with transfer: using two oppositely oriented accumulated energy flywheels Device and two divergence type HET (containing four half couples of HET), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares one with a flywheel A shaft, second half couple (being denoted as HETh21) and another flywheel share a shaft, and half couple of third (is denoted as HETh12) shaft is connect with the transfer gear of distribution antero posterior axis driving force or inter-axle differential, or is subtracted by a fixed speed ratio Fast device or step speed change are connected than retarder, and transfer gear or inter-axle differential are connect with former and later two main reducing gear of drive axle again, Or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, the 4th half couple (being denoted as HETh3) shaft is connect with engine output shaft, or It is connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device, the main circuit of four half couples of HET passes through external terminal (16) and external connection Conductor series connection constitutes a principal current closed circuit；It is optional when design to take that wheel side HETh12 designs maximum electromotive force and two winged The sum of the design maximum electromotive force of wheel side HETh11 and HETh21 offset, and usually take setting for two flywheel side HETh11 and HETh21 It is identical to count maximum electromotive force, it is also identical to design maximum (top) speed；

(12) free wheels, divergence type HET, direct four-wheel drive structure: using two oppositely oriented accumulated energy flywheel devices With the release HET of two near points (containing five half couples of HET), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares one with a flywheel Shaft, second half couple (being denoted as HETh21) and another flywheel share a shaft, and half couple of third (is denoted as HETh12) shaft is connect with the main reducing gear of a drive axle, or passes through a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change ratio Retarder connection, or wherein also adds a universal drive shaft, the 4th half couple (being denoted as HETh22) shaft and another The main reducing gear of drive axle connects, or is connected by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change than retarder, Huo Zheqi In also add a universal drive shaft, the 5th half couple (being denoted as HETh3) shaft is connect with engine output shaft, or pass through one A fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device connection, the main circuit of five half couples of HET pass through external terminal (16) and external connection conductor string Connection constitutes a principal current closed circuit；Can be chosen when design two wheel sides HETh12 and HETh22 design maximum electromotive force it Offset with the sum of the design maximum electromotive force with two flywheel side HETh11 and HETh21, generally take two wheel side HETh12 and The design maximum electromotive force of HETh22 is identical, and design maximum (top) speed is also identical, usually takes two flywheel side HETh11 and HETh21 Design maximum electromotive force it is identical, design maximum (top) speed it is also identical.

Fixed speed ratio retarder or mechanical driving device include the forms such as gear, band, chain, worm-drive.Generally make herein Use gear assembly.

Above-mentioned " input shaft " and " output shaft " refer to definition title when driving vehicle movement, each axis when power flow is reversed Function is exchanged.

When vehicle lay-off, plug-in can be carried out to flywheel with external power supply and fill and can or unload, flywheel can carried out with engine Fill energy.When vehicle driving, flywheel and engine have following five kinds of power flow combinations of states: flying wd vehicle and (move ahead or fall Vehicle)；Motor-powered vehicle (moves ahead or moves backward), and fills energy to flywheel simultaneously；Engine and flywheel drive vehicle (to move ahead simultaneously Or reversing)；Flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle (moves ahead or moves backward)；Flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle (moves ahead or moves backward), while engine is filled to flywheel Energy.

When planting sub-structure, driving or kinetic energy recycling abrupt deceleration vehicle for above-mentioned (1), (2), (4), (5), clutch is engaged Device 1；When engine is run, clutch 3 is engaged；When engine is not run, holdback clutch 3；To flywheel carry out plug-in fill can or When unloading, braking by hand brake vehicle engages clutch 1, holdback clutch 3；When being loaded under suspended state from engine to flywheel, Braking by hand brake vehicle, holdback clutch 1 engage clutch 3.

For above-mentioned (3), (6) plant sub-structure, driving or kinetic energy recycling abrupt deceleration vehicle when, engage clutch 1 and from Clutch 2；When engine is run, clutch 3 is engaged；When engine is not run, holdback clutch 3；Plug-in is carried out to flywheel and fills energy Or when unloading, braking by hand brake vehicle engages clutch 1 and clutch 2, holdback clutch 3；Under suspended state from engine to When flywheel loads, braking by hand brake vehicle, holdback clutch 1 and clutch 2 engage clutch 3.

Sub-structure is planted for above-mentioned (7) to (12), when filling energy or unloading to flywheel progress plug-in, connects the flywheel The circuit connection area (5) of half couple is held, circuit connection area (5) and the exciting current circuit of other half couples are disconnected, is connected external Power supply；When loading under suspended state from engine to flywheel, braking by hand brake vehicle disconnects external power supply, connects all partly even The circuit connection area (5) of part disconnects the excitation of other half couples in addition to half couple of half couple of flywheel end and engine side Current circuit.

The external power supply that can or unload is filled for carrying out plug-in to flywheel, is the pressure-adjustable direct current for connecting power grid alternating current Source device, the equipment can be disposed in vehicle, or be arranged in plug-in place.

For concentrated HET, terminal (16) (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, figure of two column external direct current power supplies is can be set in every set HET 18), connection includes the principal current route including rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body, and liquid metal change-over switch (15) are arranged, and is used for Liquid is evacuated before external power supply, disconnects original main current loop, the current branch (24) of connection external power supply is connected, to reality Existing (difference) carries out plug-in to each flywheel and fills and can or unload.When energy is filled in progress plug-in, vehicle braking by hand brake disconnects liquid metal Change-over switch (15) is connected each circuit connection area (5), and the correlation that connecting makes HET flywheel end rotor flux reach maximum value is encouraged Magnetic coil, and maximum exciting current is maintained always, adjusting direct current power source voltage size is equal with HET flywheel end rotor motor-driven gesture, In contrast, principal current route and DC power supply are connected in direction, and direct current power source voltage is turned up to reaching the specified limit of plug-in principal current Value or plug-in power rating limit value, height-regulating direct current power source voltage can persistently be adjusted in boosting velocity procedure by filling in flywheel, keep specified limit The plug-in principal current and/or plug-in power of value, current limit is preceding, and power limit rear, only have when higher by Speed of Reaction Wheels starting point Power limit；At the end of filling energy, first turns down direct current power source voltage and is disconnected to zero current, principal current route and DC power supply is obtained, Cancel HET excitation.When carrying out plug-in unloading, preparation routine is same as above, current direction on the contrary, operation sequence on the contrary, turning down direct current Supply voltage unloads power rating limit value or the plug-in unloading specified limit value of principal current to plug-in is reached.This plug-in, which is filled, can or unload It is suitble to low-power applications situation, such as domestic power supply, community's power supply, trickle charge and slow play.

For divergence type HET, on the external connection conductor of each half couple of flywheel shaft end HET, can parallel connection to pick out connection outer The conducting wire of portion's DC power supply is filled and can or be unloaded to realize that (difference) carries out plug-in to each flywheel.When energy is filled in progress plug-in, break The circuit connection area (5) of non-half couple of flywheel shaft end HET is opened, connects the circuit connection area (5) of half couple of flywheel shaft end, connection makes HET flywheel end rotor flux reaches the associated excitation coil of maximum value, and maintains maximum exciting current always, adjusts DC power supply Voltage swing is equal with HET flywheel end rotor motor-driven gesture, and in contrast, principal current route and DC power supply are connected in direction, is turned up To the specified limit value of plug-in principal current or plug-in power rating limit value is reached, filling in flywheel can hold direct current power source voltage in boosting velocity procedure Direct current power source voltage is turned up in continuous adjust, and keeps the plug-in principal current and/or plug-in power of specified limit value, current limit is in preceding, function After rate is limited in, Speed of Reaction Wheels starting point only has power limit when higher；At the end of filling energy, direct current power source voltage is first turned down to obtaining Zero current, principal current route and DC power supply disconnect, and cancel HET excitation.When carrying out plug-in unloading, preparation routine is same as above, electric current Contrary, operation sequence unloads power rating limit value or plug-in unloading to plug-in is reached on the contrary, turning down direct current power source voltage The specified limit value of principal current.This plug-in, which fills or unload, is suitble to low-power applications situation.

For ease of understanding with the narration adjustment control method for HET hereafter, first carry out following vocabulary of terms explanation and Related description.

The magnet exciting coil of each HET has n, and the sum of each circle DC current of each coil is denoted as Ii, i=1,2 ..., N, n minimum 2.Field coil current is circumferential flow.The number of turns of each coil is denoted as Zi, and the resistance of each coil is denoted as Ri, ohm thermal power Poi=(Ii/Zi) (Ii/Zi) Ri of each coil.

The DC current of main current loop is denoted as I0.Principal current flows in meridian plane, without circumferential component.Meridian plane is Any plane comprising axial line.

There is k magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), serial number is denoted as j, j=1,2 ..., k, k minimum 1 on one rotor.Each The both ends of magnetic conducting and electric conducting body usually have electric conductor (4) to connect therewith, where a magnetic conducting and electric conducting body and its both ends electric conductor composition One section of independent main circuit on rotor is denoted as Ф mj across the magnetic flux of the circuit surface of revolution, and meaning is " acyclic dc electric machine Electromagnetic action principle " the magnetic flux Ф m of rotor conductor is passed through described in a section.The rotor principal current that passes through on one rotor is returned The total magnetic flux of the road surface of revolution is equal to the sum of k Ф mj, is denoted as ∑ Ф r, r=1,2 (rotors 1 and rotor 2 of corresponding single HET). Each corresponding Ф mj of series connection main circuit on one rotor usually answers direction having the same, makes an exception in special circumstances, at this moment The Ф mj of reply opposite direction subtracts calculating.

Magnetic flux Ф mj is to be motivated to generate by magnet exciting coil, and the main magnet exciting coil of same main magnetic circuit (22) nearby is to Ф mj's Incentive action is maximum, and other magnet exciting coils have different degrees of influence to Ф mj, belongs to other excitations of a rotor Coil has larger impact due to structure is close and communicates, and has the influence of the magnet exciting coil of two rotors of shared magnetic flux also larger, nothing The concentrated structure different rotor magnet exciting coil of shared magnetic flux also has leakage field influence, the different rotor magnet exciting coil of divergence type structure Influence it is negligible.

Principal current in main current loop generates circumferential flux density Bt, which is located at is enclosed by main current loop conductor outside surfaces At axial symmetry endless tube in.The Circumferential field necessarily passes through some or certain several magnetizers on main magnetic circuit, and herein by excitation The flux density Bm in the meridian plane direction of source forcing synthesizes a biggish total flux density vector B.Due to the magnetic of soft magnetic materials magnetizer Change curve (relation curve of magnetic flux density B and magnetic field strength H) be it is nonlinear, the addition of circumferential flux density Bt makes to generate identical The magnetic field strength Hm of flux density Bm is zero Shi Zengjia compared to Bt.As it can be seen that the Circumferential field reduction that principal current generates reduces magnetic circuit Magnetic property, thus each Ф mj value is affected indirectly.

In operation in use, being relevant field coil current and principal current on the influential variable factor of Ф mj value.This Outside, magnetic circuit magnetizer temperature change has an impact to magnetic permeability, and magnetic air gap variation has an impact to magnetic resistance, but these effects It is very weak.

The electromagnetic laws formula of the series connection main current loop of single HET described below includes:

The electromotive force of rotor 1:

1 ∑ Ф 1/ (2 π) (1) of E1=ω

The electromotive force of rotor 2:

2 Σ Ф 2/ (2 π) (2) of E2=ω

The sum of electromotive force of main current loop:

Σ E=E1+E2 (3)

Principal current:

I0=Σ E/R0 (4)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by rotor 1:

Me1=-I0 Σ Ф 1/ (2 π) (5)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by rotor 2:

Me2=-I0 Σ Ф 2/ (2 π) (6)

Wherein, R0 is the all-in resistance of main current loop, including contact or attachment electricity between circuit solid resistance, solid Resistance, brush resistance.When brush uses liquid metal, the state of circuit connection area (5) metal liquid has an impact to the size of R0 value. Temperature has an impact to resistivity of material.The circuit connection area metal liquid state is denoted as MLS, by the left and right boundary position of liquid Parameter describes to describe, or by liquid capacity and center parameter.

Above-mentioned each amount in addition to R0 is directional, has positive value or negative value.Directional reference is chosen are as follows: when design point, The direction vector of the angular velocity omega 1 of power rotor 1 is chosen to be ω vector positive direction, and the direction of magnetic flux ∑ Ф 1 is being chosen to be ∑ Ф just Direction, the direction of E1 are chosen to be E positive direction.The positive direction of I0 is identical as E positive direction, and the vector positive direction and ω vector of Me is square To identical.E1 has positive direction and positive value in design point, but can be negative value in other operating points.The direction of E2 and E1 phase always Instead, to constitute the relationship of driving shaft and driven axle.As ∑ E > 0, the direction of I0 is positive, and as ∑ E < 0, the direction of I0 is It is negative.When the direction vector of the electromagnetic torque Me of a rotor is identical as the direction vector of angular velocity omega, (two parameter is same to be positive It is worth or is all negative value), indicate that the rotor receives electromagnetic power (Pe value is positive), which shows as driven axle.When a rotor Electromagnetic torque Me direction vector it is opposite with the direction vector of angular velocity omega when, indicate the rotor export electromagnetic power (Pe value It is negative), which shows as driving shaft.

Ignore the influence of the secondary causes such as temperature, the ∑ Ф 1 and ∑ Ф 2 of the series connection main circuit of single HET are used in operation When be represented by the absolute value of principal current I0 | I0 | and the function of associated excitation coil current:

∑ Ф 1=Ff1 (| I0 |, Ir11, Ir12 ..., Ir1n) (7)

∑ Ф 2=Ff2 (| I0 |, Ir21, Ir22 ..., Ir2n) (8)

Wherein, { Ir11, Ir12 ..., Ir1n } is subset in { I1, I2 ..., In } or complete or collected works or empty set, Ir21, Ir22 ..., Ir2n } it is also subset or complete or collected works or empty set in { I1, I2 ..., In }, empty set cannot be all.

Ignore the influence of the secondary causes such as temperature, I0, Me1, Me2 of the series connection main current loop of single HET make in operation Used time is represented by the function of following variable:

I0=Fi0 (ω 1, ω 2, MLS, Ii01, Ii02 ..., Ii0n) (9)

Me1=Fm1 (ω 1, ω 2, MLS, Ii01, Ii02 ..., Ii0n) (10)

Me2=Fm2 (ω 1, ω 2, MLS, Ii01, Ii02 ..., Ii0n) (11)

Wherein, { Ii01, Ii02 ..., Ii0n } is { Ir11, Ir12 ..., Ir1n } and { Ir21, Ir22 ..., Ir2n } Intersection.

Two kinds of loss summation minimum principles that every set concentrated HET in above-mentioned (1) to (6) kind sub-structure is used Adjustment control method it is as follows.

Total losses are taken as the summation of principal current ohm hot (I0I0R0) and exciting current ohm hot (∑ Poi), wherein R0 and Ri are taken as definite value.The limits of application range of selected principal current and each exciting current is calculated separately or is tried in the range It tests the total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution obtained on two rotors and follows principal current I0 and associated excitation electric current The corresponding relationship of Ii multidimensional variable variation, it may be assumed that

∑ Ф 1=Ff1 (| I0 |, Ir11, Ir12 ..., Ir1n) (7)

∑ Ф 2=Ff2 (| I0 |, Ir21, Ir22 ..., Ir2n) (8)

Application range, the application range of electromagnetic torque Me1 or Me2 of given two axis revolving speeds, utilize electromagnetic laws formula ((1)~(4), (5) or (6), wherein R0 is taken as definite value) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((7), (8)), calculates full model Enclose covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, each exciting current optimum value Iiopt square for meeting total losses minimum target Battle array, and total data is stored in control system.

Adjust execute when, the revolving speed (ω 1 and ω 2) of two rotors of instantaneous acquiring, as input condition, provide Me1 or Me2 torque instruction is also used as input condition, associated storage data is called from control system, using spline interpolation function formula It calculates and obtains corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt, for executing link.

Three kinds of loss summation minimum principles that every set concentrated HET in above-mentioned (1) to (6) kind sub-structure is used Adjustment control method it is as follows.

Total losses are taken as principal current ohm hot (I0I0R0), exciting current ohm hot (∑ Poi) and circuit connection area The summation of liquid metal frictional heat, wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS, and Ri is taken as definite value.Select main electricity The limits of application range of stream and each exciting current calculates separately or tests obtaining passing through on two rotors in the range The total magnetic flux of the rotor main current loop surface of revolution follows the corresponding pass that principal current I0 and associated excitation electric current Ii multidimensional variable change System, it may be assumed that

Σ Ф 1=Ff1 (| I0 |, Ir11, Ir12 ..., Ir1n) (7)

Σ Ф 2=Ff2 (| I0 |, Ir21, Ir22 ..., Ir2n) (8)

Application range, the application range and liquid metal state parameter of electromagnetic torque Me1 or Me2 of given two axis revolving speeds The application range of MLS, using electromagnetic laws formula, ((1)~(4), (5) or (6), wherein R0 is taken as liquid metal state parameter The function of MLS) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((7), (8)), calculate gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque Demand, each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix for meeting total losses minimum target and liquid metal state parameter it is best Value MLSopt matrix, and total data is stored in control system.

Adjust execute when, the revolving speed (ω 1 and ω 2) of two rotors of instantaneous acquiring, as input condition, provide Me1 or Me2 torque instruction is also used as input condition, associated storage data is called from control system, using spline interpolation function formula It calculates and obtains corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt and liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt, for executing ring Section.

Had by the electromagnetic laws formula of three or four or five half couples of HET main current loop in series as follows Form (situation of three or four half couples of HET is applicable in part formula therein):

The electromotive force of 1 end of flywheel, half couple rotor:

Eh11=ω h11 Σ Ф h11/ (2 π) (12)

The electromotive force of 2 end of flywheel, half couple rotor:

Eh21=ω h21 ∑ Ф h21/ (2 π) (13)

The electromotive force of 1 side of wheel, half couple rotor:

Eh12=ω h12 ∑ Ф h12/ (2 π) (14)

The electromotive force of 2 side of wheel, half couple rotor:

Eh22=ω h22 ∑ Ф h22/ (2 π) (15)

The electromotive force of half couple rotor of engine side:

Eh3=ω h3 Σ Ф h3/ (2 π) (16)

The sum of the main current loop electromotive force of (7), (8) kind sub-structure:

∑ E=Eh11+Eh12+Eh3 (17)

The sum of the main current loop electromotive force of (9) kind sub-structure:

∑ E=Eh11+Eh12+Eh22+Eh3 (18)

The sum of the main current loop electromotive force of (10), (11) kind sub-structure:

Σ E=Eh11+Eh21+Eh12+Eh3 (19)

The sum of the main current loop electromotive force of (12) kind sub-structure:

Σ E=Eh11+Eh21+Eh12+Eh22+Eh3 (20)

Principal current:

I0=Σ E/R0 (21)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by 1 end of flywheel, half couple rotor:

Mhe11=-I0 ∑ Ф h11/ (2 π) (22)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by 2 end of flywheel, half couple rotor:

Mhe21=-I0 ∑ Ф h21/ (2 π) (23)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by 1 side of wheel, half couple rotor:

Mhe12=-I0 ∑ Ф h12/ (2 π) (24)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by 2 side of wheel, half couple rotor:

Mhe22=-I0 Σ Ф h22/ (2 π) (25)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by half couple rotor of engine side:

Mhe3=-I0 Σ Ф h3/ (2 π) (26)

Ignore the influence of the secondary causes such as temperature, Σ Ф h11, Σ Ф h21, Σ Ф h12, Σ Ф h22 and Σ Ф h3 are being transported The enforcement used time is represented by the absolute value of principal current I0 | I0 | and the function of corresponding half couple field coil current:

Σ Ф h11=Ffh11 (| I0 |, Ih111, Ih112 ..., Ih11m) (27)

Σ Ф h21=Ffh21 (| I0 |, Ih211, Ih212 ..., Ih21m) (28)

Σ Ф h12=Ffh12 (| I0 |, Ih121, Ih122 ..., Ih12m) (29)

Σ Ф h22=Ffh22 (| I0 |, Ih221, Ih222 ..., Ih22m) (30)

Σ Ф h3=Ffh3 (| I0 |, Ih31, Ih32 ..., Ih3m) (31)

The two kinds of loss summations used to three HET, the half couple train of (7), (8) kind sub-structure are minimum The adjustment control method of principle is as follows.

Total losses are taken as the summation of principal current ohm hot (I0I0R0) and each exciting current ohm hot (Σ Poi), Wherein R0 and Ri are taken as definite value.Selected principal current and the limits of application range of each exciting current calculate separately in the range Or test obtains the total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution on three rotors and follows principal current and associated excitation electricity Flow the corresponding relationship of multidimensional variable variation, it may be assumed that

Σ Ф h11=Ffh11 (| I0 |, Ih111, Ih112 ..., Ih11m) (27)

Σ Ф h12=Ffh12 (| I0 |, Ih121, Ih122 ..., Ih12m) (29)

Σ Ф h3=Ffh3 (| I0 |, Ih31, Ih32 ..., Ih3m) (31)

Application range, the application range of Mhe12, the application range of Mhe3 or Mhe11 of given three axis revolving speeds, utilize electromagnetism Law formula ((12), (14), (16), (17), (21), (24), (26) or (22), wherein R0 is taken as definite value) and above-mentioned multidimensional become Flow function relationship ((27), (29), (31)) calculates gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, the total damage of satisfaction Each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix of minimum target is consumed, and total data is stored in control system.

When adjusting execution, the revolving speed (ω h11, ω h12, ω h3) of three rotors of instantaneous acquiring as input condition, is given The instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe3 or Mhe11 out is also used as input condition, and associated storage number is called from control system According to using the corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt of spline interpolation function formula calculating acquisition, for executing link.

The three kinds of loss summations used to three HET, the half couple train of (7), (8) kind sub-structure are minimum The adjustment control method of principle is as follows.

Total losses are taken as principal current ohm hot (I0I0R0), each exciting current ohm hot (Σ Poi) and circuit and connect Connect the summation of area's liquid metal frictional heat, wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS, and Ri is taken as definite value.It is selected The limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current calculates separately or tests obtaining on three rotors in the range Across the corresponding pass that the total magnetic flux of the rotor main current loop surface of revolution follows principal current and associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable to change System, it may be assumed that

Σ Ф h11=Ffh11 (| I0 |, Ih111, Ih112 ..., Ih11m) (27)

Σ Ф h12=Ffh12 (| I0 |, Ih121, Ih122 ..., Ih12m) (29)

∑ Ф h3=Ffh3 (| I0 |, Ih31, Ih32 ..., Ih3m) (31)

Application range, the application range of Mhe12, application range, the circuit connection of Mhe3 or Mhe11 of given three axis revolving speeds The application range of area liquid metal state parameter MLS, using electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (14), (16), (17), (21), (24), (26) or (22), wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27), (29), (31)), calculate gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet total losses minimum target Each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix and liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt matrix, and total data It is stored in control system.

When adjusting execution, the revolving speed (ω h11, ω h12, ω h3) of three rotors of instantaneous acquiring as input condition, is given The instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe3 or Mhe11 out is also used as input condition, and associated storage number is called from control system According to using the corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt of spline interpolation function formula calculating acquisition and liquid metal state parameter Optimum value MLSopt, for executing link.

Summation minimum principles are lost to two kinds that four HET, the half couple train of (9) kind sub-structure uses Adjustment control method is as follows.

Total losses are taken as the summation of principal current ohm hot (I0I0R0) and each exciting current ohm hot (∑ Poi), Wherein R0 and Ri are taken as definite value.Selected principal current and the limits of application range of each exciting current calculate separately in the range Or test obtains the total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution on four rotors and follows principal current and associated excitation electricity Flow the corresponding relationship of multidimensional variable variation, it may be assumed that

∑ Ф h11=Ffh11 (| I0 |, Ih111, Ih112 ..., Ih11m) (27)

∑ Ф h12=Ffh12 (| I0 |, Ih121, Ih122 ..., Ih12m) (29)

∑ Ф h22=Ffh22 (| I0 |, Ih221, Ih222 ..., Ih22m) (30)

∑ Ф h3=Ffh3 (| I0 |, Ih31, Ih32 ..., Ih3m) (31)

Application range, the application range of Mhe12 and Mhe22, the application range of Mhe3 or Mhe11 of given four axis revolving speeds, Using electromagnetic laws formula, ((12), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), (24), (25), (26) or (22), wherein R0 is taken For definite value) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27), (29), (30), (31)), calculate gamut covering different rotating speeds item Part and torque-demand, each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix for meeting total losses minimum target, and total data is deposited It is stored in control system.

When adjusting execution, the revolving speed (ω h11, ω h12, ω h22, ω h3) of four rotors of instantaneous acquiring, as input Condition provides the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe22, Mhe3 or Mhe11, is also used as input condition, adjusts from control system With associated storage data, is calculated using spline interpolation function formula and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt, for holding Row link.

Summation minimum principles are lost to three kinds that four HET, the half couple train of (9) kind sub-structure uses Adjustment control method is as follows.

Total losses are taken as principal current ohm hot (I0I0R0), each exciting current ohm hot (∑ Poi) and circuit and connect Connect the summation of area's liquid metal frictional heat, wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS, and Ri is taken as definite value.It is selected The limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current calculates separately or tests obtaining on four rotors in the range Across the corresponding pass that the total magnetic flux of the rotor main current loop surface of revolution follows principal current and associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable to change System, it may be assumed that

∑ Ф h11=Ffh11 (| I0 |, Ih111, Ih112 ..., Ih11m) (27)

∑ Ф h12=Ffh12 (| I0 |, Ih121, Ih122 ..., Ih12m) (29)

∑ Ф h22=Ffh22 (| I0 |, Ih221, Ih222 ..., Ih22m) (30)

∑ Ф h3=Ffh3 (| I0 |, Ih31, Ih32 ..., Ih3m) (31)

The application ranges of given four axis revolving speeds, the application range of Mhe12 and Mhe22, the application range of Mhe3 or Mhe11, The application range of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter MLS, using electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), (24), (25), (26) or (22), wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS) and above-mentioned multidimensional Variable function relationship ((27), (29), (30), (31)), calculate gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, it is full The each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix and liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt square of Football Association's loss minimum target Battle array, and total data is stored in control system.

When adjusting execution, the revolving speed (ω h11, ω h12, ω h22, ω h3) of four rotors of instantaneous acquiring, as input Condition provides the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe22, Mhe3 or Mhe11, is also used as input condition, adjusts from control system With associated storage data, is calculated using spline interpolation function formula and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt and liquid Metallic state parameter best value MLSopt, for executing link.

The two kinds of loss summations used to four HET, the half couple train of (10), (11) kind sub-structure are minimum The adjustment control method of principle is as follows.

Total losses are taken as the summation of principal current ohm hot (I0I0R0) and each exciting current ohm hot (∑ Poi), Wherein R0 and Ri are taken as definite value.Selected principal current and the limits of application range of each exciting current calculate separately in the range Or test obtains the total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution on four rotors and follows principal current and associated excitation electricity Flow the corresponding relationship of multidimensional variable variation, it may be assumed that

∑ Ф h11=Ffh11 (| I0 |, Ih111, Ih112 ..., Ih11m) (27)

∑ Ф h21=Ffh21 (| I0 |, Ih211, Ih212 ..., Ih21m) (28)

∑ Ф h12=Ffh12 (| I0 |, Ih121, Ih122 ..., Ih12m) (29)

∑ Ф h3=Ffh3 (| I0 |, Ih31, Ih32 ..., Ih3m) (31)

The application ranges of given four axis revolving speeds, the application range of Mhe12, Mhe3 or Mhe11 application range, Mhe11/ The application range of Mhe21 utilizes electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (13), (14), (16), (19), (21), (23), (24), (26) Or (22), wherein R0 is taken as definite value) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27), (28), (29), (31)), calculate full model Enclose covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, each exciting current optimum value Iiopt square for meeting total losses minimum target Battle array, and total data is stored in control system.

When adjusting execution, the revolving speed (ω h11, ω h21, ω h12, ω h3) of four rotors of instantaneous acquiring, as input Condition provides required torque M he12, Mhe3 or the instruction of Mhe11, Mhe11/Mhe21, is also used as input condition, is from control Associated storage data are called in system, are calculated using spline interpolation function formula and are obtained corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt, For executing link.

The three kinds of loss summations used to four HET, the half couple train of (10), (11) kind sub-structure are minimum The adjustment control method of principle is as follows.

Total losses are taken as principal current ohm hot (I0I0R0), each exciting current ohm hot (∑ Poi) and circuit and connect Connect the summation of area's liquid metal frictional heat, wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS, and Ri is taken as definite value.It is selected The limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current calculates separately or tests obtaining on four rotors in the range Across the corresponding pass that the total magnetic flux of the rotor main current loop surface of revolution follows principal current and associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable to change System, it may be assumed that

∑ Ф h11=Ffh11 (| I0 |, Ih111, Ih112 ..., Ih11m) (27)

∑ Ф h21=Ffh21 (| I0 |, Ih211, Ih212 ..., Ih21m) (28)

∑ Ф h12=Ffh12 (| I0 |, Ih121, Ih122 ..., Ih12m) (29)

∑ Ф h3=Ffh3 (| I0 |, Ih31, Ih32 ..., Ih3m) (31)

The application ranges of given four axis revolving speeds, the application range of Mhe12, Mhe3 or Mhe11 application range, Mhe11/ Application range, the application range of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter MLS of Mhe21, utilizes electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (13), (14), (16), (19), (21), (23), (24), (26) or (22), wherein R0 is taken as liquid metal state ginseng The function of number MLS) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27), (28), (29), (31)), it is different to calculate gamut covering Speed conditions and torque-demand, each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix and liquid gold that meet total losses minimum target Belong to state parameter optimum value MLSopt matrix, and total data is stored in control system.

When adjusting execution, the revolving speed (ω h11, ω h21, ω h12, ω h3) of four rotors of instantaneous acquiring, as input Condition provides required torque M he12, Mhe3 or the instruction of Mhe11, Mhe11/Mhe21, is also used as input condition, is from control Associated storage data are called in system, are calculated using spline interpolation function formula and are obtained corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt With liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt, for executing link.

Summation minimum principles are lost to two kinds that five HET, the half couple train of (12) kind sub-structure uses Adjustment control method is as follows.

Total losses are taken as the summation of principal current ohm hot (I0I0R0) and each exciting current ohm hot (∑ Poi), Wherein R0 and Ri are taken as definite value.Selected principal current and the limits of application range of each exciting current calculate separately in the range Or test obtains the total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution on five rotors and follows principal current and associated excitation electricity Flow the corresponding relationship of multidimensional variable variation, it may be assumed that

∑ Ф h11=Ffh11 (| I0 |, Ih111, Ih112 ..., Ih11m) (27)

∑ Ф h21=Ffh21 (| I0 |, Ih211, Ih212 ..., Ih21m) (28)

∑ Ф h12=Ffh12 (| I0 |, Ih121, Ih122 ..., Ih12m) (29)

∑ Ф h22=Ffh22 (| I0 |, Ih221, Ih222 ..., Ih22m) (30)

∑ Ф h3=Ffh3 (| I0 |, Ih31, Ih32 ..., Ih3m) (31)

The application ranges of given five axis revolving speeds, the application range of Mhe12 and Mhe22, the application range of Mhe3 or Mhe11, The application range of Mhe11/Mhe21, using electromagnetic laws formula ((12) to (16), (20), (21), (23), (24), (25), (26) or (22), wherein R0 is taken as definite value) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27) to (31)), calculate gamut covering Different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix for meeting total losses minimum target, and handle Total data is stored in control system.

When adjusting execution, the revolving speed (ω h11, ω h21, ω h12, ω h22, ω h3) of five rotors of instantaneous acquiring is made For input condition, the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe22, Mhe3 or Mhe11, Mhe11/Mhe21 are provided, also as input item Part calls associated storage data from control system, is calculated using spline interpolation function formula and obtains corresponding each exciting current Optimum value Iiopt, for executing link.

Summation minimum principles are lost to three kinds that five HET, the half couple train of (12) kind sub-structure uses Adjustment control method is as follows.

Total losses are taken as principal current ohm hot (I0I0R0), each exciting current ohm hot (∑ Poi) and circuit and connect Connect the summation of area's liquid metal frictional heat, wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS, and Ri is taken as definite value.It is selected The limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current calculates separately or tests obtaining on five rotors in the range Across the corresponding pass that the total magnetic flux of the rotor main current loop surface of revolution follows principal current and associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable to change System, it may be assumed that

∑ Ф h11=Ffh11 (| I0 |, Ih111, Ih112 ..., Ih11m) (27)

∑ Ф h21=Ffh21 (| I0 |, Ih211, Ih212 ..., Ih21m) (28)

∑ Ф h12=Ffh12 (| I0 |, Ih121, Ih122 ..., Ih12m) (29)

∑ Ф h22=Ffh22 (| I0 |, Ih221, Ih222 ..., Ih22m) (30)

∑ Ф h3=Ffh3 (| I0 |, Ih31, Ih32 ..., Ih3m) (31)

The application ranges of given five axis revolving speeds, the application range of Mhe12 and Mhe22, the application range of Mhe3 or Mhe11, Application range, the application range of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter MLS of Mhe11/Mhe21 utilizes electromagnetic laws public affairs ((12) to (16), (20), (21), (23), (24), (25), (26) or (22), wherein R0 is taken as liquid metal state parameter to formula The function of MLS) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27) to (31)), it calculates gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and turns Square demand, each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix for meeting total losses minimum target and liquid metal state parameter are most Good value MLSopt matrix, and total data is stored in control system.

When adjusting execution, the revolving speed (ω h11, ω h21, ω h12, ω h22, ω h3) of five rotors of instantaneous acquiring is made For input condition, the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe22, Mhe3 or Mhe11, Mhe11/Mhe21 are provided, also as input item Part calls associated storage data from control system, is calculated using spline interpolation function formula and obtains corresponding each exciting current Optimum value Iiopt and liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt, for executing link.

The metal liquid of circuit connection area should be without a continuous axial symmetry pendular ring in cavity, and both ends lateral boundaries are gas-liquids Interface, intermediate liquid-solid boundary are answered continuously, without gas.Influence all-in resistance R0 is not only metal liquid circuit connection area itself Resistance, the movement of metal liquid distributing position also affects the current path and resistance of adjacent conductor.The left and right side of metal liquid The shape of boundary's location parameter (i.e. gas-liquid interface center position parameter) and gas-liquid interface, can completely describe gold relevant to R0 Belong to liquid condition (MLS), but gas-liquid interface shape factor can be ignored in practical application.The left and right boundary position of metal liquid Parameter can also be substituted by liquid capacity and center parameter, and this substitution is reciprocity.MLS parameter is also to influence gold simultaneously Belong to a major parameter of fluid friction heat.

Effect of the metal liquid of circuit connection area by following aspect: surface tension of liquid, liquid in rotation centrifugal force move The liquid meridian plane reflux that wall surface rotation drives, circulating pump driving circulate (containing stream and remittance abroad stream is injected), two sides gas Pressure, the electromagnetic force that conductive metal liquid is subject to.In electromagnetic force, the meridian plane Lorentz lorentz of circumferential flux density Bt and principal current generation Power Flm is part that is unique significant and playing an important role, and principal current ring is directed toward perpendicular to principal current direction in the direction Flm always Outside.Maintain metal liquid position do not dislocate aspect, circulating is favorable factor, the more high then stability maintenance ability of flow velocity more By force；The channel that middle radius is big, two sides radius is small makes two sides liquid in rotation centrifugal force check and balance, and is conducive to stability maintenance；Lorentz force Flm is outside always, is unfavorable factor, can design liquid in rotation centrifugal force and offset therewith.For two sides gas pressure, tune can be used The means for saving two sides pressure difference maintain metal liquid position to stablize.Thus the two schemes of metal liquid position stability maintenance, scheme are generated One: not adjusting two sides gas pressure, two sides pressure difference is zero (free state), longer two wing passage is designed, using more liquid Body capacity, the main effect for utilizing liquid in rotation centrifugal force guarantee not take off in all operation use scope inner metal liquid body positions Position, that is, do not depart from and circulate the corresponding position of entrance and exit；Scheme two: two sides gas differential pressure is adjusted, it is not necessary to which design is longer Two wing passages, it is not necessary to use more liquid capacity, the main effect for utilizing two sides gas differential pressure guarantees to make in all operations It is not dislocated with range inner metal liquid body position, and is in preferable, scheduled position.Adjusting two sides gas differential pressure can be used appearance The flexible method of product: the volume adjustment valve of setting piston structure or piston structure or membrane configuration, volume adjustable chamber with it is to be regulated The air chamber of pressure is connected to, and is changed using volume and is changed pressure, this is feasible in the small cavity volume in the gap HET, and has adjusting When operate rapid advantage.

Using metal liquid position stability maintenance scheme a period of time, liquid center position cannot actively adjust control, therefore, Metal liquid state MLS parameter used in above-mentioned adjustment control method contains only controlled amounts metal liquid capacity parameter, and in liquid Heart location parameter is fixed as an average value with approximate processing.When using scheme two, increases two sides gas differential pressure and adjust hand Thus section, liquid center position can actively adjust control, when center status requirement controls the MLS parameter at a fixed position Contain only metal liquid capacity parameter；When the control of center shift in position, MLS parameter may include liquid center's location parameter and liquid Capacity parameter, center control on the optimum position for meeting total losses minimum target；When the control of center shift in position, MLS parameter can also contain only metal liquid capacity parameter, to simplify workload, and center parameter be fixed as an average value with Approximate processing, center control at this moment is unrelated with total losses minimum target, requires to execute according to other.

Dc chopper can be used using voltage adjusting method in the control of HET magnet exciting coil DC current size, or Using resistance potentiometer.

Engine configuration starter and corresponding battery, but there is utilisable energy in flywheel or recycling the feelings of kinetic energy Under shape, preferential selection starts engine using flywheel energy or recycling kinetic energy, and directly dragging engine is to idling speed, then sprays Oil drop fires (gasoline engine) or compression ignition (diesel engine).It can avoid frequently using starter and battery in this way, and have starting process There is higher energy efficiency.

When concentrated HET scheme, vehicle lay-off, the operation of engine is started with flywheel energy, is carried out such as by control system Lower work: holdback clutch 1 (and clutch 2) engages clutch 3, connects the circuit of flywheel side HET1 and engine side HET3 Bonding pad (5), provides the anti-electromagnetic torque Me32 value instruction for dragging engine start an of setting, while providing one and Me32 It is worth matched flywheel driving electromagnetic torque Me12 value instruction, using above-mentioned concentrated HET adjustment control method to HET1 and HET3 Control operation is carried out, engine is started using flywheel (flywheel 1) energy and reaches idling speed.

When concentrated HET scheme, vehicle driving, the operation of engine is started with flywheel energy or recycling kinetic energy, by controlling System is worked as follows: engagement clutch 3 connects the circuit connection area (5) of engine side HET3, provides the anti-of a setting It drags the electromagnetic torque Me32 value of engine start to instruct, while determining that one drives electromagnetic torque with the matched flywheel of Me32 value Me12 added value or flywheel brake electromagnetic torque Me12 reduced value, original torque instruction are modified, using above-mentioned concentrated HET tune Section control method carries out control operation to whole HET, is started using flywheel (flywheel 1) energy or its energy recycled less starting Machine reaches idling speed.

When divergence type HET scheme, vehicle lay-off, the operation of engine is started with flywheel energy, is carried out such as by control system Lower work: connecting the circuit connection area (5) of whole half couple of HET, and the anti-electromagnetism for dragging engine start for providing a setting turns The instruction of square Mhe3 value, while zero is set as to other electromagnetic torques in addition to flywheel drives electromagnetic torque Mhe11, use is above-mentioned Corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method carries out control operation to HET train, is started using flywheel (flywheel 1) energy Engine reaches idling speed.

When divergence type HET scheme, vehicle driving, the operation of engine is started with flywheel energy or recycling kinetic energy, by controlling System is worked as follows: being provided the anti-electromagnetic torque Mhe3 value instruction for dragging engine start an of setting, while being maintained to remove Flywheel drives the original instruction of other electromagnetic torques except electromagnetic torque Mhe11, adjusts control using above-mentioned corresponding divergence type HET Method processed carries out control operation to HET train, is started using flywheel (flywheel 1) energy or its energy recycled less starting Machine reaches idling speed.

Engine has governor, and operating condition adjusts control in connection idling operation, maximal efficiency operating condition by governor In the adjusting buffer strip areas on an operating condition route of maximal power condition point and near the route.Select operating condition line Lu Shiyou or less principle: on torque-speed figure (longitudinal axis torque, horizontal axis revolving speed) whole operating condition route shown above, each point Revolving speed, torque, power, accelerator open degree (or the corresponding fuel such as fuel valve opening supplies bore) be from start to finish monotone increasing Add, and preferably route such as selects a series of best or preferable efficient point group of equipower lines through excessively high fuel efficient area At preferred operating condition route.Above-mentioned adjusting operating condition route is transformed to the curve on accelerator open degree-speed diagram, when being adjusted, When the revolving speed and accelerator open degree state point of detection are located at (higher rotation speed side) on the right side of route, then reduce accelerator open degree, it is on the contrary then increase Large throttle aperture.

It is preferentially selected to the engine that flywheel fills energy using maximal efficiency operating condition when vehicle lay-off, when the shorter load of needs When the time, the operating condition using relatively high power may be selected, until maximal power condition.Work is loaded in the engine for reaching above-mentioned selection Before condition, there is the liter operating condition transient process for starting from idling operation, the revolving speed of flywheel is not less than index revolving speed before loading, i.e., When loaded power capability is not less than engine loading condition power, rising operating condition transient process can quickly, the flywheel before loading When revolving speed is lower than index revolving speed, liter operating condition transient process is just synchronous with the process of flywheel raising speed to index revolving speed, at this moment may be selected To the larger direct torque of flywheel, to accelerate transient process, for example, when flywheel is from zero speed raising speed, using permanent torque capacity Control, flywheel from non-zero, compared with the slow-speed of revolution raising speed when, leading portion using torque fast lifting curve controlled since zero-turn square, Back segment is using permanent maximum torque control.

Engine fills the special case scheme of energy to flywheel when here is the vehicle lay-off of several typical cases:

The case where single flywheel, concentrated HET, flywheel initial zero speed: holdback clutch 1 (and clutch 2) engages clutch Device 3 connects the circuit connection area (5) of flywheel side HET1 and engine side HET3, using above-mentioned concentrated HET adjustment control method Control operation is carried out to HET1 and HET3 simultaneously: the instruction of Me11 value being provided to HET1, leading portion Me11 instruction is constantly equal to torque capacity Me11max, power limitation control is converted to when Speed of Reaction Wheels ω 11 touches the mark rotational speed omega 11p, and Me11 instruction is equal to engine The ratio between loading condition power and Speed of Reaction Wheels Pload/ ω 11；The instruction of Me32 value is provided to HET3, Me32 instruction is slightly larger than Me11 Value instruction and the product of 11/ ω 32 of ω, actual value, which is subject to, to be adjusted control ω 32 and maintains maximum (top) speed ω 32max.

Single flywheel, divergence type HET, flywheel initial speed non-zero but the case where be lower than index revolving speed: half idol of whole HET is connected The circuit connection area (5) of part carries out control behaviour to HET train using above-mentioned corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method Make: providing the instruction of Mhe12 zero (instruct with Mhe22 zero), provide Mhe11 instruction by three sections, leading portion Mhe11 instruction using quickly from Zero to torque capacity Mhe11max straight line or curve, middle section Mhe11 instruction are constantly equal to torque capacity Mhe11max, when flywheel turns Fast ω h11 touch the mark rotational speed omega h11p when be converted to power limitation control, Mhe11 instruction is equal to Pload/ ω h11.

The case where single flywheel, concentrated HET, flywheel initial speed are higher than index revolving speed: holdback clutch 1 (and clutch 2) clutch 3, is engaged, the circuit connection area (5) of flywheel side HET1 and engine side HET3 is connected, using above-mentioned concentrated HET Adjustment control method carries out control operation to HET1 and HET3 simultaneously: providing the instruction of Me11 value to HET1, leading portion Me11 instruction is adopted With the straight line or curve quickly from zero to Pload/ ω 11, back segment Me11 instruction is equal to Pload/ ω 11；Me32 is provided to HET3 Value instruction, Me32 instruction instruct the product with 11/ ω 32 of ω slightly larger than Me11 value, and actual value is maintained with adjusting control ω 32 Subject to maximum (top) speed ω 32max.

One load revolving speed upper limit value is set for flywheel, i.e., filling for flywheel can be loaded until revolving speed reaches the limit value, The revolving speed upper limit value can be taken as flywheel maximum (top) speed, it is contemplated that for the recycling of the possibility of car speed kinetic energy and eminence potential energy, there are deposit Store up space, which can also be taken in a value lower than flywheel maximum (top) speed, difference be exactly at that time vehicle it is fast Kinetic energy and the reflection using the sum of potential energy are spent, if these energy are implemented to recycle at that time, then Speed of Reaction Wheels just reaches maximum Revolving speed.

For flywheel, one running speed lower limit value is set, when Speed of Reaction Wheels reaches running speed lower limit value from high to low, Flywheel stops output power, and starts to flywheel load and fill energy, rises to the intermediate limit value revolving speed of a setting in Speed of Reaction Wheels Before, winged wd vehicle is not used.It should be as far as possible from running speed lower limit value to the regional scope between intermediate limit value revolving speed It is small, transient process should as quickly as possible, drive vehicle power capacity should as far as possible with foot, in view of this consideration, intermediate limit value revolving speed with The difference of running speed lower limit value preferably takes smaller, and the engine power run at this stage is preferably selected in maximum power, flywheel fortune Row lower rotation speed limit value should not interfere flywheel to have the loaded power capability to match with engine power.Higher flywheel operation turns Fast lower limit value also makes flywheel have biggish driving power ability and kinetic energy recycling braking power ability.

When vehicle driving, always flywheel totality ramp-up stage (having reduction of speed once in a while) and flywheel totality falling-rate period (once in a while Have raising speed) rotation between the two stages.In the conversion of current generation and next stage, driving or abrupt deceleration vehicle torque are kept Continuity free of discontinuities, it may be assumed that wheel side torque remains unchanged, engine and the torque of flywheel side and power is round and smooth equilibrated crosses.

Flywheel totality ramp-up stage: starting from running speed lower limit value, loads revolving speed upper limit value finally；Engine exports always Power, even if in flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle；In running speed lower limit value to the region between intermediate limit value revolving speed, the fortune of engine Row operating condition selects between maximal efficiency operating condition and maximal power condition, preferably at most power operating condition；Intermediate limit value revolving speed extremely The region between revolving speed upper limit value is loaded, engine operation condition preferably in maximal efficiency operating condition, is used for loading flywheel and driving Vehicle, when engine is when the power P maxe of maximal efficiency operating condition, which is completely used for driving vehicle, still has deficiency, flywheel transfers to export Power assists driving, when flywheel driving power reaches maximum value at that time or deficiency, increases engine power, i.e., by power Pmaxe is to maximum power Pmax transition, until flywheel driving maximum power and maximum power are completely used for driving vehicle (certain this limiting case seldom occur).

Flywheel totality falling-rate period: load revolving speed upper limit value is started from, finally running speed lower limit value；Engine exports once in a while Power；When flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle, engine is not run；Based on winged wd vehicle, when flywheel driving power reaches at that time most When big value still has deficiency, engine power Pmaxe, while the corresponding range of decrease of flywheel power is added, as flywheel maximum power and Pmaxe The sum of when still having deficiency, increase engine power, i.e., from power P maxe to maximum power Pmax transition.

Regardless of whether the changed power of operation engine, driving or regenerative braking vehicle is usually in flywheel power flow Implement in control, engine is operated in substantially on power and the constant operating condition of revolving speed.

Engine operates normally preferably in maximal efficiency operating condition, when needing more high-power, operates in maximal efficiency work in short-term On an efficiency optimization operating condition line between condition and maximal power condition.

The maximum fuel efficiency of gasoline engine is generally 30% or so or more, and common Otto-engined car when driving flat Equal fuel efficiency only has more than ten percent.As it can be seen that engine will about save one than usual car in the work of maximal efficiency operating condition Half fuel oil.The efficiency of diesel engine is higher than gasoline engine, and maximum fuel efficiency is generally in 40% or so or more, therefore, this hair The engine fuel of bright scheme will have the advantages that protrusion using diesel engine: fuel value utilization rate is high, the diesel oil of unit calorific value (since every liter of unit price of diesel oil is low, density is big, calorific value is high) at low cost, i.e., it is more economical, more energy efficient.

In vehicle drive seat, power steering unit is set, wherein output unit is manipulated comprising vehicle traction torque instruction, it should Instruction is the relative value for indicating driving torque size, and range of instructions is corresponding from zero to currently available maximum value, currently available To vehicle traction torque maximum value be calculated by power control system according to current state measurement parameter.For (4), (5), sub-structure is planted in (6), (10), (11), and power steering unit may also comprise the setting to two flywheel torque allocation proportions Unit；Sub-structure is planted for (9), power steering unit may also comprise the setting list to front and back driving shaft torque allocation proportion Member；Sub-structure is planted for (12), power steering unit may also comprise the setting unit to two flywheel torque allocation proportions, And the setting unit to front and back driving shaft torque allocation proportion.Setting to two flywheels or two driving shaft torque allocation proportions, It can be grasped and be executed by driver's seat setting unit hand, i.e., Chinese herbaceous peony or set in car slipping by driver control setting unit, it can also be by Power control system executes automatically, i.e., by control system automatically Chinese herbaceous peony in car slipping or non-car slipping traveling in set, Both measures can also be configured simultaneously, a kind of measure is used alone or two kinds of measures are used in combination executes setting.

Power steering unit includes vehicle braking instruction manipulation output unit, which includes kinetic energy recycling braking and friction Braking, two kinds of brakings share a set of manipulation device, and brake operating stroke is divided into successive two sections, first trip segment correspond to from zero to The kinetic energy of maximum value recycles braking moment relative value, corresponds in rear trip segment opposite from zero to the friction braking torque of maximum value Value keeps the kinetic energy of maximum value to recycle braking moment simultaneously in rear trip segment.Kinetic energy recycling braking is by HET backward power stream Transmitting recycles vehicle energy to flywheel, and friction catch is that vehicle energy is converted to thermal energy using wheel frictional brake element. It is currently available maximum value that kinetic energy, which recycles braking moment maximum value, by power control system according to current state measurement parameter It is calculated.

For the vehicle with step speed change than mechanical driving device, power steering unit further includes that initial speed ratio gear is set Set unit.The initial speed ratio gear of setting can be any one gear of step speed change than mechanical driving device, including minimum Transmission speed ratio gear.In Vehicle Speed out of zero raising speed to maximum speed, control so that transmission speed ratio value from initial Gear value is successively reduced to minimum transmission speed ratio gear value.When initial speed ratio gear selection minimum transmission speed ratio gear, speed ratio Gear no longer changes, and is equivalent to and is driven using fixed speed ratio.Gear-change operation in traveling is automatically controlled by power control system, when When reaching scheduled gear conversion speed, control makes transmitting torque be reduced to zero, disengages former gear, uses the synchronous desire of synchronizer friction Two parts of engagement mount new gear, then by torque needed for driving torque instruction transmitting at that time.

Power steering unit further includes the positive vehicle of vehicle advance or reversing setting unit.

A kind of vehicle with above-mentioned dynamical system, comprising: dynamical system as described above, running gear, steering system, braking System, vehicle body, auxiliary device.Running gear is made of the walking along the street mechanism and load carrier of vehicle, including tire and wheel, vehicle bridge, outstanding Frame, vehicle frame etc..Vehicle body refers to the part for the effects of covering, carrying, loading are played on vehicle, and covering part refers to Chinese herbaceous peony, vehicle back plate system Part, carrying part refer to the car room that driver and passenger take, and loading portion refers to that container or loading space, vehicle body include vehicle body in structure Interior outer covering piece, internal and external ornament part, functor (functors such as sound insulation, vibrationproof, sealing), and the components such as lid, window and vehicle body Attachment (wiper, washer, sunshading board, ashtray, seat, safety belt, air bag, door lock, door hinge, door stop, glass Glass lifter, interior outside rear-view mirror, handrail etc.).Auxiliary device includes: that the vehicle steering mechanism in addition to power steering unit (is stayed Vehicle brake operators, steering wheel, all kinds of manipulations switch etc.), illumination and instrument (exterior lighting and signal device, loudspeaker, instrument, Room light lamps and lanterns, audio-visual apparatus, navigation system, phone, antenna etc.), air-conditioning system (ventilation device, heater, cold air dress Set, air cleaning unit), power supply system (battery, wirning harness, electric switch, relay, generator).

The first fills energy system to the mechanical connection load of vehicle flywheel, comprising: loads when operation with flywheel shaft lower end The load connector and shaft of disk mechanical connection, a motor connecting with AC network load between shaft and motor Power train.Wherein, power train contains a set of monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine (HET), divides into divergence type HET scheme and concentrated HET scheme.

The HET of divergence type HET scheme has half couple HETho (output end) of loading end and energy supply half couple HEThi of end (defeated Enter end), it is different according to the pattern of HETho, and divide into vertical HETho scheme and horizontal HETho scheme.

The HETho of vertical HETho scheme is located at the upside of divergence type HET, and HETho shaft upper end can also reconnect one and stand Formula universal drive shaft.The vertical structure of coaxial line may be selected in the HEThi of pairing, and horizontal type structure also may be selected.Using vertical HEThi When, the vertical type motor shaft connection of shaft and lower section, or turned by a step-up gear and the vertical type motor of lower section Axis connection, or connected by the horizontal motor shaft of a step-up gear with bevel gear and side-lower.Using horizontal When HEThi, the horizontal motor shaft of shaft and side is connected, or passes through the Horizontal electronic of a step-up gear and side The connection of machine shaft.

The HETho shaft of horizontal HETho scheme is stood by one of a step-up gear with bevel gear and upper side Formula Universal drive axis connection.The HEThi of pairing is horizontal type structure, and the horizontal motor shaft of shaft and side connects, or logical The horizontal motor shaft for crossing a step-up gear and side connects.

Concentrated HET scheme divides into vertical HET scheme and horizontal HET scheme again.When using vertical HET scheme, HET is defeated Outlet rotor is located at upside, a vertical Universal drive axis connection of shaft and top, HET input terminal rotor shaft and lower section Vertical type motor shaft connection, or by the vertical type motor shaft of a step-up gear and lower section connect, or pass through one The connection of the horizontal motor shaft of step-up gear of the platform with bevel gear and side-lower.When using horizontal HET scheme, HET output Rotor shaft is held to pass through a vertical Universal drive axis connection of a step-up gear with bevel gear and upper side, HET is defeated Enter to hold the horizontal motor shaft of rotor shaft and side to connect, or passes through the horizontal motor of a step-up gear and side Shaft connection.

HET is used for the advantages of filling in energy system to the mechanical connection load of vehicle flywheel, can give full play to HET: stepless Variable-speed torque-converting, an axis can zero speed driving, power flow can be reversed, and power density is very high, and at low cost, the service life is long, energy transmission effect Rate is high.

Energy system is filled in the mechanical connection load of second pair of vehicle flywheel, comprising: is loaded when operation with flywheel shaft lower end The load connector and shaft of disk mechanical connection, a motor connecting with AC network, one is made the vertical shaft type of buffering purposes Flexible flywheel device loads shaft and buffers the power train between flywheel, buffering flywheel and motor.Wherein, it is driven Two sets of monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machines (HET) are contained in system, and a set of HET (load HET) is located between buffering flywheel and load shaft, Another set of HET (energy supply HET) is located between buffering flywheel and motor.

Part (part between load shaft and buffering flywheel) before buffering flywheel: load HET can be separated with vertical Type or vertical concentrated, load HET input terminal rotor are located at downside, and axis, load HET output are stretched on connection vertical buffering flywheel Rotor shaft upper end is held to connect a vertical universal drive shaft；Universal drive shaft is not added in vertical divergence type.

Part (part between buffering flywheel and motor) after buffering flywheel: energy supply HET can use vertical divergence type Or vertical concentrated, energy supply HET output end rotor are located at upside, connect and stretch axis under vertical buffering flywheel, energize HET input terminal The connection of the vertical type motor shaft of rotor shaft lower end and lower section, or pass through the vertical type motor of a step-up gear and lower section Shaft connection, or connected by the horizontal motor shaft of a step-up gear with bevel gear and side-lower；Energize HET It can be made of vertical half couple of HET of output end and horizontal half couple of HET of input terminal, vertical half couple of HET of output end is located at upside, It connecting and stretches axis under vertical buffering flywheel, the horizontal motor shaft of the horizontal half couple shaft of HET of input terminal and side connects, or It is connected by the horizontal motor shaft of a step-up gear and side.

Buffering flywheel is used to fill in energy system the mechanical connection load of vehicle flywheel, can play the role of following: avoid Fraquent start high capacity motor (exemplary power 2000kW) can be used smaller power motor and often fill buffering flywheel, stablizes electricity Net reduces equipment investment, can fill the multipoint excitation that can stand with the buffering flywheel satisfaction of a larger capacity.

The motor in energy system is filled in above-mentioned mechanical connection load, can be synchronous motor or asynchronous motor, synchronous Motor is advantageous to power grid.It operates on the relatively stabilized (steady-state) speed of synchronous rotational speed or revolutional slip less, does not need after motor starting Speed governing operation.When need vehicle flywheel or buffering flywheel to power grid unload when, motor can antikinesis used as generator.

The scheme for being not provided with universal drive shaft in energy system is filled in above-mentioned mechanical connection load, and (load) HET is all made of Divergence type structure, half couple of output end is vertical structure, and be moveable.At this point, two points of (load) HET External connection conductor between release half couple uses mixing flexible cable, or intermediate a part to use mixing flexible cable, to obtain Misplace mobile tolerance.

The third fills energy system to the mechanical connection load of vehicle flywheel, comprising: loads when operation with flywheel shaft lower end The load connector and shaft of disk mechanical connection, the DC power supply connecting with AC network load between shaft and DC power supply Power train and circuit connecting wire.Wherein, power train contains half couple of HET, and half couple of HET passes through same spindle guide by DC power supply Body or the power supply of mixing flexible cable.Divide into the vertical scheme of half couple of HET and horizontal scheme.When using vertical half couple of HET, Shaft upper end can also be not added universal drive shaft and directly use with a vertical Universal drive axis connection, and direct current at this moment supplies Electricity uses mixing flexible cable using mixing flexible cable or intermediate a part；When using horizontal half couple of HET, shaft passes through One vertical Universal drive axis connection of one step-up gear with bevel gear and upper side.

The voltage design value of the DC power supply is 30 volts to 50 volts desirable, and half couple of HET series connection series is more, load voltage value It is higher.DC power supply is got through power grid AC rectification and decompression, and output voltage is adjustable, operates in maximum when loading to flywheel In current limit boundary and maximum power restricted boundary and its range.DC power supply can be implemented filling the easily arrangement that can stand to more The bull load of a vehicle, multiple flywheels.The DC power supply can increase the equipment such as inverter, when need for vehicle flywheel unloading When, energy inversely returns to AC network.

The concentrated HET in energy system is filled in above-mentioned mechanical connection load, can use Fig. 1, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Figure 14, figure Scheme represented by 17.The load of above-mentioned mechanical connection fill can half couple of divergence type HET in system, can using Fig. 7 to Figure 13, Scheme represented by Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 24, Figure 25, Figure 26.

4th kind is filled energy system to the mechanical connection load of vehicle flywheel, comprising: is loaded when operation with flywheel shaft lower end Disk mechanical connection load connector and shaft, a motor with speed regulation device connect with AC network, load shaft and Power train between motor.Wherein, power train contains a vertical universal drive shaft, connects with the vertical type motor shaft of lower section It connects, or is connected by the vertical type motor shaft of a step-up gear and lower section, or pass through a speedup tooth with bevel gear The connection of the horizontal motor shaft of roller box and side-lower.

The above-mentioned mechanical connection load to vehicle flywheel fills can system, can increase that setting is a set of to be made to load shaft orientation Mobile arm-and-hand system, and the detection system to vehicle vertical flywheel shaft orientation.

5th kind is filled energy system to the mechanical connection load of vehicle flywheel, comprising: is loaded when operation with flywheel shaft lower end The load connector and shaft of disk mechanical connection, a vertical type motor with speed regulation device connecting with AC network, load turn Power train between axis and motor.Wherein, make to load the mobile arm-and-hand system in shaft orientation equipped with a set of, and to vehicle The detection system in vertical flywheel shaft orientation.

Above-mentioned fills energy system to the mechanical connection load of vehicle flywheel, and it is vertical can also to increase setting one in power train Roller gear speed increaser is located at close to vehicle flywheel side, it may be assumed that when universal drive shaft has been arranged, speed increaser with it is existing vertical The connection of universal drive shaft upper end；When not set universal drive shaft, speed increaser and the vertical half couple shaft of HET of existing loading end Upper end connection；When not set universal drive shaft and HET, speed increaser is connect with existing vertical type motor shaft upper end.It adds The effect of the speed increaser is, rationally reduces and is located at vertical half couple of HET of universal drive shaft, loading end on power train top, stands The revolving speed of formula motor.The speed increaser may be designed as single-stage or multistage, output shaft and input shaft can parallel misalignment or coaxial line, together Axis is conducive to operation.

6th kind is filled energy system to the mechanical connection load of vehicle flywheel, comprising: is loaded when operation with flywheel shaft lower end The load connector and shaft of disk mechanical connection, a horizontal motor with speed regulation device connecting with AC network, load turn Power train between axis and motor.Wherein, make to load the mobile arm-and-hand system in shaft orientation equipped with a set of, and to vehicle The detection system in vertical flywheel shaft orientation, the speedup tooth with bevel gear being connect equipped with one with horizontal motor output revolving shaft Roller box, gear-box output revolving shaft stretch out upwards.

5th kind and the 6th kind to the mechanical connection load of vehicle flywheel fill can system motor, position is for flywheel It can be moved when loading centering, the cable and subsystem connecting with motor body have the mobile tolerance that misplaces.

The above-mentioned motor with speed regulation device can use asynchronous motor, synchronous motor, dc motor, recommend Using variable-frequency control asynchronous motor.It can also be unloaded using the motor with speed regulation device of energy antikinesis for flywheel Shi Zuowei generator uses, to power grid feedback energy.

Load shaft recited above, the top shaft by being located at power train top equipment is held a concurrent post, vertical when being configured with When roller gear speed increaser, output shaft is as load shaft；When being not configured speed increaser, when configured vertical universal drive shaft, The output shaft of universal drive shaft is as load shaft；When speed increaser and universal drive shaft, the configured vertical HET of loading end is not configured When half couple, the upper end shaft of half couple of HET is as load shaft；When speed increaser, universal drive shaft and HET is not configured, add The output revolving shaft of vertical type motor of the idling axis by power train top or the step-up gear with bevel gear doubles as.

Load connector, which is assemblied in, loads shaft upper end, and the machinery of load connector and vehicle flywheel shaft lower end loading disc is even It connects, using inserted type structure or frictional structure.Following factor: zero speed to maximum (top) speed model is paid close attention in the selection of the connection structure Interior equal energy engagement, torsion pass and disengaging are enclosed, torque transmission capability, outer dimension size, structure is simple, is easy engagement, joint impact Power, axial thrust, radial composite force are small as far as possible, vibration, small as far as possible, independent daily rotation of the flywheel loading disc when being not loaded with of generating heat Turn that bring air blast abrasion wants small, noise wants low.Inserted type structure has the advantages that torque is big, size is small, athermic, disadvantage Be: revolving speed franchise is small, and centering needs accurately, have impact, air blast abrasion caused by the tooth or tooth of loading disc and noise are larger.Frictionally The advantage and disadvantage of structure are just exchanged with inserted type structure.The biggish gear type structure of the preferred torque transmission capability of inserted type structure or Castellated structure, and its structure is simple, conducive to the long stroke engagement for realizing two resolution elements.Frictional structure does not preferably produce The cylindrical surface junction form and service load of raw axial thrust are biggish, the better simply fluid pressure type of structure manipulates pressuring method, Such as outer armful of sebific duct fluid pressure type structure.The hydraulic oil of fluid pressure type structure is supplied by subsystem hydraulic station, passes through pipeline and load Axle center oil transportation hole in shaft is transferred to the hydraulic chamber of load connector, and pipeline and the seal nipple of load shaft are preferably located at The accessible load shaft lower shaft end of exposure, when shaft lower shaft end cannot contact, seal nipple design is loading the one of shaft On section cylindrical surface.

It is above-mentioned to make to load the mobile arm-and-hand system in shaft orientation, and the detection system to vehicle vertical flywheel shaft orientation System, for carrying out looking for middle positioning and mobile operating to load shaft and its supporting holder.Arm-and-hand system is in load shaft Three spherical surface coercive mechanisms are arranged in supporting holder outer surface, and the space of three fulcrums is controlled using six straight line precession executive devices Position, so that the adjustment for manipulating load shaft spatial position and deflection is mobile.The working procedure carried out before load: flywheel is opened Shaft end shield, non-cpntact measurement flywheel shaft end spaces position and direction angle (three space coordinates and both direction angle) utilize Arm-and-hand system will load shaft and its supporting holder adjustment is moved to ready position and posture (identical as free wheel direction angle), Then rectilinear translation loads shaft to loading operating position.

The step-up gear of band bevel gear recited above perhaps has bevel-gear sett or has bevel-gear sett With one or more levels roller gear group.The axis of bevel-gear sett is orthogonal, and preference curve bevel gear simultaneously carries out roll flute, example Such as spiral bevel gear and overlikon spiral bevel gear.

Vertical universal drive shaft recited above, by a pair of of universal joint, intermediate scalable spline shaft, both ends biography The composition such as moving axis and its bearing and clamped part, no matter whether the upper end transmission shaft is connected with vertical type cylinder gear speeder, mechanical Hand system control manipulation or manned mobile object include the upper end transmission shaft of universal drive shaft, five freedom degrees Universal drive shaft adapts to this movement and corner automatically.Preferential to select constant velocity cardan joint, the universal joint in load operating position is handed over When angle is smaller, and vibration within the allowable range when, Hooke's joint can be selected.

Energy system is filled to the mechanical connection load of vehicle flywheel, the also settable fixed bearing device to carriage frame is used In loading front support car weight (tire is aerial) and fixed vehicle frame in vehicle flywheel, makes to be seated the flywheel position on vehicle frame and stablize. The device uses three-point support structure, such as arranges preceding two dot point and latter dot point in carriage frame, can also be used at 4 points Supporting structure.

Detailed description of the invention

Label 7-1, the 7-2 and label 7 occurred in the accompanying drawings indicates same component part, label 7-1-1,7-1-2 with 7-1 is marked to indicate same component part, similarly, the label x-y and label x occurred in the accompanying drawings indicates same composition portion Divide (x and y therein are Arabic numerals).Fig. 1: concentrated, two axis list magnetic fluxs (no two axis share), distal shaft coil, solid shafting, Axial plane type HET meridian plane schematic diagram.

Fig. 2: concentrated, the single double magnetic fluxs (having two axis to share) of two axis one, distal shaft coil, solid shafting, axial plane type, centre are drawn The HET meridian plane schematic diagram of external terminal out.

Fig. 3: concentrated, the single double magnetic fluxs (having two axis to share) of two axis one, distal shaft coil, solid shafting, axial plane type, side are drawn The HET meridian plane schematic diagram of external terminal out.

Fig. 4: the single double magnetic fluxs (thering are two axis to share) of concentrated, two axis one, distal shaft coil, solid shafting, axial plane type, without extraction The HET meridian plane schematic diagram of external terminal.

Fig. 5: concentrated, two axis, two pairs of magnetic fluxs (have two axis share), paraxial coil, solid shafting, axial plane type, external without drawing The HET meridian plane schematic diagram of terminal.

Fig. 6: concentrated, two axis, two pairs of magnetic fluxs (being shared in form without two axis), paraxial coil, solid shafting, axial plane type, two axis Turn to identical HET meridian plane schematic diagram.

Fig. 7: divergence type, single magnetic flux, paraxial coil, solid shafting, half couple meridian plane schematic diagram of axial plane type HET.

Fig. 8: divergence type, double magnetic fluxs, paraxial coil, solid shafting, half couple meridian plane schematic diagram of axial plane type HET.

Fig. 9: divergence type, double magnetic fluxs, paraxial coil, hollow shaft, half couple meridian plane schematic diagram of axial plane type HET.

Figure 10: series connection, paraxial coil, solid shafting, half couple meridian plane of axial plane type HET show outside divergence type, double magnetic fluxs, two-stage It is intended to.

Figure 11: series connection, paraxial coil, solid shafting, half couple meridian plane of axial plane type HET show outside divergence type, double magnetic fluxs, three-level It is intended to.

Figure 12: divergence type, double magnetic fluxs, series connection, paraxial coil, solid shafting, half couple meridian plane of axial plane type HET show in two-stage It is intended to.

Figure 13: divergence type, double magnetic fluxs, paraxial coil, solid shafting, axial plane type, half couple of HET of rotor electric conductor non-full height Meridian plane figure.

Figure 14: concentrated, two axis, two pairs of magnetic fluxs (being shared in form without two axis), paraxial coil, solid shafting, axial plane type, two The opposite HET meridian plane schematic diagram of axle steer.

Figure 15: the half couple meridian of HET that divergence type, single magnetic flux, paraxial coil, solid shafting, axial plane type, shaft end current collection design Face schematic diagram.

Figure 16: divergence type, double magnetic fluxs, paraxial coil, solid shafting, half couple meridian plane figure of axial plane type HET.

Figure 17: concentrated, two axis, two pairs of magnetic fluxs (have two axis share), paraxial coil, solid shafting, axial plane type, outer without drawing The HET meridian plane figure of connecting terminal.

Figure 18: concentrated, paraxial coil, solid shafting, axial plane type, has extraction outer at two axis, two pairs of magnetic fluxs (having two axis to share) The HET meridian plane figure of connecting terminal.

Figure 19: flexible flywheel and divergence type HET half couple (part A) meridian plane figure (one).

Figure 20: flexible flywheel and concentrated HET (part A) meridian plane figure.

Figure 21: flexible flywheel shell and protection connector noon face figure.

Figure 22: flexible flywheel and divergence type HET half couple (part A) meridian plane figure (two).

Figure 23: a kind of engine of car hybrid power system, flywheel and non-half couple of the flywheel shaft end arrangement of divergence type HET Schematic diagram.

Figure 24: the external terminal and mixing flexible cable of outer half couple of separation type HET of two-stage.

Figure 25: vertical divergence type half couple HETho meridian plane figure (the A-A section of Figure 24) (the double magnetic fluxs, axial ray of loading end It connects outside circle, two-stage, non-full height rotor electric conductor).

Figure 26: energy supply end vertical divergence type half couple HEThi meridian plane figure (double magnetic fluxs, paraxial coil, solid shafting, two-stage Outer series connection, non-full height rotor electric conductor).

Figure 27: load connector and load shaft upper end formation and supporting member (left semi-section and right half-sectional 135 ° of interfacial angle).

Figure 28: load connector and flywheel loading disc (left semi-section and right half-sectional 135 ° of interfacial angle).

Specific embodiment

A kind of car hybrid power system, comprising: a petrol engine 76, a vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device 71, Connect the power train and their control system of engine, flywheel gear and main reducing gear of drive axle.

Vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device 71 is arranged in vehicle chassis, passes through four ear flanges 74 and bearing assembly 75 and vehicle frame Connection.

Vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device specific embodiment (Figure 22) is as follows.

Major parameter: specified maximum (top) speed 13793.1r/min, outer diameter 982mm, vacuum tank height 229mm, total height 409.6mm, flywheel mass 203.9kg, specified energy storage 8.1kWh in shaft.

For tool there are two quality bulk 53, material is Wrapping formed high-strength woven glass roving fabric reinforced epoxy tree Rouge.For the Rouno Cormer Pregrinding Wheel for adapting to shell 52, the both ends of the surface and outer circle intersection of outer ring quality bulk are designed as rounded corner, in maximum The quality bulk deformable contour and shell generated when revolving speed still has subject to safe enough gap.

With a supporting mass 54, material is aluminium alloy.

Between outer ring quality bulk and inner ring quality bulk, limited using a load-bearing end face pair 56 and one to upper The end face pair 57 of shifting, two end face pairs concentrate design, and its axial position is flushed with the center of gravity of outer ring quality bulk.In inner ring Between quality bulk and supporting mass, the end face pair 57 shifted up, two ends are limited using a load-bearing end face pair 56 and one Face pair concentrates design, and its axial position is flushed with the center of gravity of two quality bulks as far as possible.Two phases of end face pair 56 and 57 To end face, there are allowances in radial height, are misplaced with compensating the radial displacement generated when rotation, make end face pair static to most Effective active area is remained in the big range of speeds.It is very close to each other between two opposing end surfaces of end face pair 57, with load-bearing End face pair 56 has combined axially position effect, and limit angles is forced to misalign variation, the close transmitting for participating in power and torque.To increase The wearability of end face pair contact surface increases effective contact area, protects fibre reinforced plastics surface and reliability and durability and absorbing The purpose of, two opposing end surface materials of end face pair 56 and 57 use urethane rubber materials, the end face thin plate 65 of this material It is glued together with end face chunk 66 and matrix.End face chunk 66 has biggish elasticity and deformation suitability, but its centrifugation is negative Lotus is larger, is mounted on the matrix of outer ring, carries centrifugal load using matrix inner hole surface.Due to load-bearing end face pair 56 load compared with Greatly, it selects appended matrix to be structure as a whole with Wheel structure main body, guarantees that load-transferring path has sufficient margin of safety, And one end matrix of non-bearing end face pair 57 uses accessory structure, which is connected and fixed with adhesive with main matrix, accessory material Material uses material identical with main matrix.

Between outer ring quality bulk and inner ring quality bulk and between inner ring quality bulk and supporting mass, it is respectively provided with Two biggish flexible membrane rings 55 of axial span.The main matrix gluing of each flexible membrane ring inner ring and outer ring directly connected to it. The flexible membrane ring uses urethane rubber materials, is not pre-bent deformation in installation condition, by the body of both ends root and centre Portion's composition, the root with cup head and main matrix gluing, the radially tapered design of body portion thickness, to reduce maximum stress.Due to Flexible membrane ring and positioning end face pair between two mass blocks have biggish axial distance, take and incline to the two flexible membrane rings Tiltedly design, in the hope of in maximum (top) speed film ring be in radial straight configuration.

Between steel shaft 51 and supporting mass 54, it is provided with steel supporting disk 62 and polyurethane rubber elastic material ring 63.The central bore of supporting disk is connect with shaft using circular conical surface interference, and the disk body of supporting disk is located at below supporting mass, supporting disk Elastic material ring is installed between supporting mass, the latter connect with the two gluing.Elastic material ring plays flexible connection, load-bearing and axial direction Positioning action.

Vacuum tank shell 52 is designed as the two halves structure of vertical axis subdivision, and a circle flange 67 is located at shell outer round surface Intermediate position, flange is located at container inside.Inner flange Bian Bushe screwde on, the pressure pressure generated by container vacuum Tightly.Four angular ranges of the 45° angle of arrangement width and length are not influenced in outside of containers, and four sections of ear flanges 74 are set and its tight spiral shell Bolt.Rubber seal is set in whole circle flange, and vacuseal grease is set in the outside of rubber seal, and in rubber seal Flexible metal sealing washer is arranged in the inside of circle.The installation bearing of shell (and entire flywheel gear) using exposed ear flange 74 and Bearing assembly 75 is connect with vehicle frame.

Shell 52 uses three-layer composite structure, and middle layer is glass chopped strands reinforced epoxy, two outer surface layers For aluminum alloy materials, middle layer is connect with outer surface layer gluing.Magnetic fluid seal component is set between shell 52 and shaft 51.

The radial support bearing of shaft 51 uses two groups of rolling bearings, and the rolling bearing positioned at lower end bears radial load, Using a single-groove grooved ball bearing；Rolling bearing positioned at upper end bears radial load and bi-directional axial load, and as axis To positioning end, using a pair of of angular contact ball bearing.

The axial bearing support of shaft 51 uses a permanent magnetic attraction formula axial direction supported maglev bearing, is located proximate to upper end Axially position bearing, there is a rotating disc 59 and a stationary disk 60, stationary disk to be directly fixedly connected with bearing block, rotation Disk is located at the lower section of stationary disk, has an air gap between the sides adjacent end face of two disks, rotating disc is 45 steel shaft symmetrical structures, static Disk is the axial symmetry mixed structure of aluminium alloy, electromagnetic pure iron and Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, and aluminium alloy structure is the matrix of stationary disk, by The mixing dish structure of electromagnetic pure iron ring arrangement alternate with Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet ring forms the side end face opposite with rotating disc, permanent magnet Ring is radially or inward direction magnetizes, and adjacent magnet ring magnetizing direction is on the contrary, the upward magnetic masterpiece of air-gap field For rotating disc, it is designed to offset the gravity of rotor.The magnetic suspension bearing does not have magnetic hysteresis and eddy current loss.

Preposition petrol engine, maximum power 60kW, maximal power condition revolving speed 6000r/min, maximal efficiency operating condition Power 40kW, maximal efficiency operating condition revolving speed 4000r/min.

Power train half couple of divergence type HET containing there are three, i.e., using single flywheel, divergence type HET, two-wheel drive structure: the One and half couples (being denoted as HETh11) and flywheel 72 share a shaft, and second half couple (being denoted as HETh12), 72 shaft passes through One three-level speed ratio gear retarder 77 is connect with the main reducing gear of front driving axle, 72 turns of half couple (being denoted as HETh3) of third Axis exports axis connection by a single gear speed increaser and engine 76, and the main circuit of three half couples of HET passes through external connection end Son 16 and external connection conductor series connection constitute a principal current closed circuit.

Three half couples of divergence type HET are double magnetic flux, single-stage, single circuit, paraxial coil, solid shafting, axial plane types, are had Identical electromagnetic structure and size.Half couple HETh11 meridian plane figure of flywheel shaft end indicates the part A in Figure 22, is installed on vehicle The meridian plane figure of half couple HETh3 of half couple HETh12 of wheel side and engine side on frame is as shown in figure 16.

The size of half couple of HET: shaft axial plane radius 53mm, stator ontology radius 138.65mm, external terminal radius 213.5mm, non-half couple stator axial length 280mm of flywheel shaft end.The shaft revolving speed design maximum value of each half couple 13793.1r/min principal current design maximum value 29576A.HETh11 and HETh12 electromagnetic power design maximum value is 240kW.HETh3 electromagnetic power nominal designed value 60kW, maximum magnetic flux is identical as HETh11, HETh12's, so, HETh3 Using maximum magnetic flux and maximum (top) speed, only needed when reaching 60kW electromagnetic power using principal current design maximum value 1/4。

Each half couple rotor of HET has a rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body 3, has the two of symmetrical structure at left and right sides of it The NaK molten metal of stator magnetic conducting and electric conducting body 7, two of magnet exciting coil 9, two of stator electric conductor 6, two of a rotor electric conductor 4, two Body circuit connection area 5 and its matched channel and pipeline.The magnetic circuit of double magnetic fluxs is also symmetrical structure in addition to both ends.Both ends Supports end cap 36 use aluminum alloy material, do not influence the symmetry of magnetic circuit, do not generate the axial magnetic attraction to rotor as far as possible, together When also meet the non-magnetic requirement of the magnetic fluid seal 37 that end cap inner ring is filled.The support end at non-half couple both ends of flywheel shaft end The supports end cap 36 of half couple upper end of lid 36 and flywheel shaft end doubles as bearing block, and magnetic fluid seal is housed in its inner ring 37.The upper side wall of the vacuum tank shell 52 of the supports end cap 36 and flywheel of half couple lower end of flywheel shaft end is cooperatively connected, can be mutual It mutually slides axially, rubber seal is housed on sliding cylinder face.The dynamic sealing and vacuum tank shell of half couple lower end of flywheel shaft end The dynamic sealing of body 52 merges into a magnetic fluid seal 37, i.e., the former has borrowed the latter, pays the utmost attention to the latter's sealing performance.

Two magnet exciting coils 9 pass to the electric current that size is identical, contrary, double flux fields of generation substantially left and right pair Claim.The two magnet exciting coils are serially connected, and can be regarded as a coil, have a kind of exciting current.

HET shaft 2 is made of central axis and outer ring annulate shaft two parts interference fit.In non-half couple rotor of flywheel shaft end Careful axis both ends fill rolling bearing, and one end tape spool is stretched to be connected with external hinge, in careful axial wood matter using 45 steel or 40Cr steel, outside Ring axis uses 20 steel, and magnetic fluid seal 37 matches with outer ring annulate shaft, and outer ring annulate shaft has inner groovy at this, and one is reduction The leakage field of magnet fluid sealing, while also reducing stress and concentrating.The central axis and flywheel steel shaft of half couple rotor of flywheel shaft end 51 share an axis, and material uses 45 steel or 40Cr steel, and outer ring annulate shaft uses 20 steel, and magnetic fluid seal 37 and central axis match It is right.

Magnetic conducting and electric conducting body 3 and electric conductor 4 on HET rotor are whole coil structures, with shaft 2 be interference fitted, and with turn It is electrically insulated between axis 2.Magnetic conducting and electric conducting body 3 uses 20 steel, and electric conductor 4 uses chromium-copper Cu-0.5Cr.The both ends of the surface of magnetic conducting and electric conducting body 3 Bottom be widened into it is cone-shaped, be conducive to magnetic conduction, also be conducive to reduce be interference fitted caused by stress concentrate.Electric conductor 4 uses and magnetic conduction The identical overall height design of 3 outer diameter of electric conductor, connecting sewing between the two are filled using NaK metal liquid, connecting sewing top and bottom end It is sealed using fluorubber seal and adhesive.4 bottom of electric conductor is machined with two circumferentially uniformly distributed liquid injection holes, connection it is external with Metal liquid connecting sewing, fluid injection outer end of hole are equipped with blocking, vacuum suction method are used when assembling fluid injection, a liquid injection hole is for taking out Vacuum, another liquid injection hole is for injecting NaK metal liquid.The liquid that bottom liquid injection hole is filled can add to connecting sewing when rotated In increased volume space, guarantee that connecting sewing is full of metal liquid always.

HET stator electric conductor 6 is designed as separation structure in the upper lower half of non-whole circle, with assembly when and whole design rotor Electric conductor 4, which does not interfere, (is segmented into two bodies of left and right if electric conductor 4 is punished in intermediate thin neck, stator electric conductor 6 whole can also enclose Partial installation), while being also beneficial to channel, pipeline and line needed for split is processed or is installed.6 material selection of electric conductor Red copper.Design has the entering path and drain passageway of NaK metal liquid on electric conductor 6, drain passageway containing branch slot 25, uniformly Dispatching buffer area gap 27, uniformly distributed 16 through-holes of the circumferential direction radially arranged (being inserted into for round tube 28), entering path contains the second branch Gap 26, uniformly dispatching buffer area gap 29, uniformly distributed 16 through-holes of the circumferential direction radially arranged (being inserted into for round tube 30).28 He of round tube 30 use red copper material, and contact surface is sealed with fluorubber sealant when being inserted into respective through hole.For the gold for preventing entering path Belong to the too fast heating of heated liquid, design has gas heat insulation gap 31, while design has heat-insulated gas on the overhanging route of round tube 30 Gap.For the narrow slit (25,26,27,29,31) on electric conductor 6 easy to process, electric conductor 6 divide for be successively set with 4 fissions (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d), each narrow slit wall surface is completely exposed outside in processing.(alleged seam allowance has cylinder to the connection seam allowance of 6a and 6b Face and end face) and 6b and 6c connection seam allowance, using fluorubber conductive adhesive seal, keep electric conductivity；The company of 6c and 6d It connects seam allowance and is located at top, sealed using fluorubber sealant.

Axial symmetry groove 32 there are two opening on HET stator electric conductor 6a and 6d, inner end is semicircle, and fluorine rubber is installed in groove Glue sebific duct 33, sebific duct when outer pressure is atmospheric pressure inside Wo Zang do not protrude in a groove.Each sebific duct have a snorkel 34 with Be connected, snorkel use fluorubber, snorkel be inserted into sebific duct aperture in and adhering and sealing.Snorkel passes through 6 He of electric conductor Magnetizer 10 is connected to HET external attached system.The center line of snorkel is located on 6 split of electric conductor, i.e., in 6 two halves of electric conductor Split accordingly outputs semicircle groove, and full circle groove is constituted when half merges up and down and accommodates snorkel, snorkel and groove when assembly Wall surface is sealed using fluorubber sealant.Snorkel is axial at electric conductor 6 and 10 adjacent surface of magnetizer to be arranged, whole loop knot When the magnetizer 10 of structure is axially mounted, snorkel passes through corresponding 10 axially extending bore of magnetizer.

On the electric conductor 6a and 6d close to sebific duct 33 on lower half split, it is provided with semicircle groove, up and down structure when half merging At venthole 35.Before the boundary that venthole reaches electric conductor 6a or electric conductor 6d, connected using venthole adapter tube with venthole It is logical.Venthole adapter tube material is fluorubber, and installation, arrangement and corresponding process operation are identical as the way of snorkel 34.

Lower half split uses fluorubber sealant to seal when assembling and merging on HET stator electric conductor 6.

The stator magnetizer 10 of external terminal 16, two of two stator magnetic conducting and electric conducting bodies 7, two of HET is whole coil structures. Magnetic conducting and electric conducting body 7 and magnetizer 10 use electromagnetic pure iron, and external terminal 16 uses red copper.Stator electric conductor 6 and magnetic conducting and electric conducting body 7 Between connecting sewing filled using NaK liquid, NaK liquid supplied by 4 circumferentially uniformly distributed apertures 44, and connecting sewing top and bottom end use Fluorubber seal and adhesive sealing.The joint face of magnetic conducting and electric conducting body 7 and external terminal 16 is the conical surface, which uses The filling of NaK liquid, NaK liquid are supplied by 4 circumferentially uniformly distributed apertures 38, and connecting sewing top and bottom end use fluorubber seal and glue Stick sealing.The bolt fastening that the mechanical connection of two external terminals 16 and two magnetizers 10 is arranged using alternate directions, i.e., Two external terminals of singular bolt fastening and left side magnetizer, two external terminals of even numbers bolt fastening and right side magnetizer.If In respect of the elastic cone washer 39 of rubber material, transmitting fastens the Axial stress in bolt of magnetizer 10, successively axial compression excitation wire Enclose 9, stator electric conductor 6a and 6b, stator magnetic conducting and electric conducting body 7.

Circumferentially uniformly distributed 16 groups concentric groove and through-hole, coaxial external connection conductor are processed on two external terminals 16 Mandrel 40 be bonded with groove surfaces, the clearance filled gallium-indium-tin alloy liquid of binding face (gallium indium tin ratio be 62: 25: 13), by Viton seal ring 42 seals；The tube wall 41 of coaxial external connection conductor is bonded with through-hole surfaces, and the clearance filled gallium indium tin of binding face is closed Golden liquid (gallium indium tin ratio is 62: 25: 13), is sealed by viton seal ring 43；Using true when filling gallium-indium-tin alloy liquid Empty suction method.Mandrel 40 and tube wall 41 use fine aluminium material.There are gaps between mandrel 40 and tube wall 41, and flowing becomes wherein Depressor oil takes away heat.

Magnet exciting coil 9 using continuous winding whole coil structures, centre without connection-peg, without split.

On the rotor wall surface of circuit connection area 5, it is machined with erosion-wear-resisting and conductive superficial layer, superficial layer For silver-antimony alloy is electroplated.

In HET external attached system, corresponding each circuit connection area 5 is provided with a circulation NaK liquid outer flowpath, flows Road liquid feeding end is connected to the gathering tube of 16 round tubes 28, and flow path outlet end is connected to the gathering tube of 16 round tubes 30.In each external stream Lu Zhong is disposed with volume adjustment valve, solid impurity filter, circulating pump, bubble and filters out since flow path liquid feeding end side Device, radiator.

Volume adjustment valve uses membrane configuration, and diaphragm material is fluorubber, and the axial movement of diaphragm is defeated by band straight-line displacement Stepping motor driving out, by diaphragm and valve body closing surrounds and the volume adjustable chamber sealed is connected to outer flowpath.

Solid impurity filter makees filter core using nickel material powder metallurgy porous material, makes whole NaK liquid streams of outer flowpath Filtration core retains solid impurity in filter core front.

Circulating pump uses centrifugal pump, and by the motor drive of adjustable revolving speed, the shaft of centrifugal impeller uses fluorubber filler Sealing.

Using nickel material powder metallurgy porous material as gas liquid separation element, whole NaK liquid more slowly flow bubble stripper The channel surrounded by the element surface face is crossed, which has the chamber being connected to 5 surrounding air cavity of circuit connection area, Bubble in NaK liquid is driven across resolution element hole by inside and outside side pressure difference, is filtered out and returned original air cavity, and NaK liquid Body is restricted from greatly because of surface tension across resolution element hole very much.

Radiator is tube shell type structure, and NaK liquid flows in heat exchanger tube, and transformer oil flows in pipe shell, heat exchanger tube Outer wall has fin.

HET has a set of transformer oil circulatory system, wherein air-cooled containing a transformer oil circulating pump, a transformer oil Heat exchanger and a solid impurity filter, circulating pump use centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump, and driving transformer oil parallel connection flows through 4 The intermediate gaps of the shell-side of NaK liquid radiator and coaxial external connection conductor, and concentrate in the pipe for flowing through fin tube type air cooling heat exchanger Runner and solid impurity filter, tempering air are driven by external fan.Circulating pump is located at before air cooling heat exchanger and filtering After device, transformer oil, which is successively undergone in radiator and coaxial conductor heat absorption heating and decompression, in filter, to be depressured, in circulating pump Pressurization and the continuous iterative cycles process for heating up, cooling down and be depressured in air cooler heat release.

In the inside of HET both ends of the shaft bearing, magnetic fluid dynamic seal 37 is set.In addition to the static seal having been described above Except, following static seal everywhere is also provided on stator: between part 37 and part 36, between part 36 and part 10, part 10 and part Between 16, between two parts 16 (insulation and sealing), (use sealing ring 45) between round tube 28 and 30 and part 10, snorkel 34 with Between part 10, between the adapter tube and part 10 of venthole 35.In the confining gas chamber being made of above-mentioned sealing and other object correlations In room, nitrogen is housed.

In HET full set system assembles, nitrogen and metal liquid are filled.The envelope that nitrogen and NaK liquid will be occupied first It closes space to vacuumize, which is that (the sealing not Expansion sealing of sebific duct 33, manages it interior while taking out in an interconnected space Vacuum), which contains the intrinsic NaK liquid connecting sewing of stator, containing NaK liquid outer flowpath, contains bubble stripper gas-liquid The chamber of resolution element lateral surface.Again to the nitrogen pressurising of sealed rubber pipe 33, keep rubber hose outer wall and rotor wall surface in sealing contact.It holds The vacuum pumping to two ventholes 35 is held in continuation of insurance, meanwhile, since NaK liquid exterior line injects liquid, according to string line Road sequence carries out, and fills NaK liquid to the vacuum chamber being connected with circuit connection area, acts on using vacuum suction, is full of NaK liquid The space sealed by sebific duct 33.Depressurization is depressurized to sebific duct 33 again, nitrogen, sebific duct are filled to gas chamber by venthole 35 Nitrogen pressure control is consistent with gas chamber in 33 pipe.

Two magnet exciting coils of each half couple of HET are serially connected in a manner of oppositely oriented, are regarded as an antithesis coil, Pass to a kind of exciting current.The exciting current of three and half couples is denoted as Ih11, Ih12, Ih3.Since divergence type HET tri- and half is even The magnetic field of part is mutually of independence, therefore its total magnetic flux can be expressed as:

∑ Ф h11=Ffh11 (| I0 |, Ih11) (32)

∑ Ф h12=Ffh12 (| I0 |, Ih12) (33)

∑ Ф h3=Ffh3 (| I0 |, Ih3) (34)

Again since the electromagnetic structure size of three and half couples is identical, regularity is consistent, therefore functional form is identical, Ke Yiji Make a functional form Ffh (), it may be assumed that

∑ Ф h11=Ffh (| I0 |, Ih11) (35)

∑ Ф h12=Ffh (| I0 |, Ih12) (36)

∑ Ф h3=Ffh (| I0 |, Ih3) (37)

Meanwhile corresponding regular content calculation amount can be reduced, and only be calculated in one and half couples.

The two kinds of adjustment control methods that summation minimum principles are lost used to three half couple trains of HET are as follows.

Total losses are taken as the summation of principal current ohm hot (I0I0R0) and each exciting current ohm hot (∑ Poi), Wherein R0 and Ri are taken as definite value.

Application range, the application range of Mhe12, the application range of Mhe3 or Mhe11 of given three axis revolving speeds, utilize electromagnetism Law formula ((12), (14), (16), (17), (21), (24), (26) or (22), wherein R0 is taken as definite value) and above-mentioned multidimensional become Flow function relationship ((35), (36), (37)) calculates gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, the total damage of satisfaction Each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix of minimum target is consumed, and total data is stored in control system.

When adjusting execution, the revolving speed (ω h11, ω h12, ω h3) of three rotors of instantaneous acquiring as input condition, is given The instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe3 or Mhe11 out is also used as input condition, and associated storage number is called from control system According to using the corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt of spline interpolation function formula calculating acquisition, for executing link.

The three kinds of adjustment control methods that summation minimum principles are lost used to three half couple trains of HET are as follows.

Total losses are taken as principal current ohm hot (I0I0R0), each exciting current ohm hot (∑ Poi) and circuit and connect Connect the summation of area's liquid metal frictional heat, wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS, and Ri is taken as definite value.

Application range, the application range of Mhe12, application range, the circuit connection of Mhe3 or Mhe11 of given three axis revolving speeds The application range of area liquid metal state parameter MLS, using electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (14), (16), (17), (21), (24), (26) or (22), wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((35), (36), (37)), calculate gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet total losses minimum target Each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix and liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt matrix, and total data It is stored in control system.

When adjusting execution, the revolving speed (ω h11, ω h12, ω h3) of three rotors of instantaneous acquiring as input condition, is given The instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe3 or Mhe11 out is also used as input condition, and associated storage number is called from control system According to using the corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt of spline interpolation function formula calculating acquisition and liquid metal state parameter Optimum value MLSopt, for executing link.

The control of magnet exciting coil DC current size, using dc chopper.

On the external connection conductor of half couple of flywheel shaft end HET, parallel connection picks out the conducting wire of connection external dc power, to reality Now plug-in is carried out to flywheel to fill and can or unload.For to flywheel carry out plug-in fill can or unloading external power supply, using being arranged in The tunable voltage dc power supply equipment of connection power grid alternating current in vehicle, designs maximum power 7kW.When energy is filled in progress plug-in, break The circuit connection area 5 of non-half couple of flywheel shaft end HET is opened, the circuit connection area 5 of half couple of flywheel shaft end is connected, connection makes HET Flywheel end rotor flux reaches the associated excitation coil of maximum value, and maintains maximum exciting current always, adjusts DC power supply electricity Press size equal with HET flywheel end rotor motor-driven gesture, in contrast, principal current route and DC power supply are connected in direction, are turned up straight To the specified limit value of plug-in principal current or plug-in power rating limit value is reached, filling in flywheel can continue stream supply voltage in boosting velocity procedure It adjusts and direct current power source voltage is turned up, keep the plug-in principal current and/or plug-in power of specified limit value, current limit is in preceding, power After being limited in, Speed of Reaction Wheels starting point only has power limit when higher；At the end of filling energy, direct current power source voltage is first turned down to obtaining zero Electric current, principal current route and DC power supply disconnect, and cancel HET excitation.When carrying out plug-in unloading, preparation routine is same as above, electric current side To on the contrary, operation sequence unloads power rating limit value or plug-in unloading master to plug-in is reached on the contrary, turning down direct current power source voltage Current rating limit value.

In the case of flywheel has utilisable energy or recycling kinetic energy, preferential selection is dynamic using flywheel energy or recycling Engine can be started, and directly dragging engine to idling speed, then oil spout is lighted.

When vehicle lay-off, the operation of engine is started with flywheel energy, is worked as follows by control system: connecting three The circuit connection area 5 of half couple of HET provides the anti-electromagnetic torque Mhe3 value instruction for dragging engine start an of setting, simultaneously Zero is set as to electromagnetic torque Mhe12, HET train is controlled using corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method Operation starts engine using flywheel energy and reaches idling speed.

When vehicle driving, the operation of engine is started with flywheel energy or recycling kinetic energy, following work is carried out by control system Make: providing the anti-electromagnetic torque Mhe3 value instruction for dragging engine start an of setting, while maintaining electromagnetic torque Mhe12 original Instruction, carries out control operation to HET train using corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method, using flywheel energy or Its energy recycled less of person starts engine and reaches idling speed.

Engine has governor, and operating condition adjusts control in connection idling operation, maximal efficiency operating condition by governor In the adjusting buffer strip areas on an operating condition route of maximal power condition point and near the route.In torque-speed Scheme on (longitudinal axis torque, horizontal axis revolving speed) whole operating condition route shown above, the revolving speed of each point, torque, power, accelerator open degree from Begin to be to be increased monotonically, and a series of best efficiency point of equipower lines is selected to form preferred operating condition route to end.By above-mentioned tune Section operating condition route is transformed to the curve on accelerator open degree-speed diagram, when being adjusted, when the revolving speed and accelerator open degree shape of detection State point is located at (higher rotation speed side) on the right side of route, then reduces accelerator open degree, on the contrary then increase accelerator open degree.

It is preferentially selected to the engine that flywheel fills energy using maximal efficiency operating condition when vehicle lay-off, when the shorter load of needs When the time, using the operating condition of relatively high power, until maximal power condition.The engine loading condition for reaching above-mentioned selection it Before, there is the liter operating condition transient process for starting from idling operation, the revolving speed of flywheel is not less than index revolving speed before loading, i.e., loaded When power capability is not less than engine loading condition power, operating condition transient process is risen quickly, the revolving speed of flywheel is lower than before loading When index revolving speed, it is just synchronous with the process of flywheel raising speed to index revolving speed to rise operating condition transient process, at this moment select to flywheel compared with Big direct torque, to accelerate transient process.

Engine fills the scheme of energy to flywheel when here is the vehicle lay-off of three kinds of typical cases:

The case where flywheel initial zero speed: the circuit connection area 5 of three half couples of HET is connected, using corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method carries out control operation to HET train: the instruction of Mhe12 zero provided, provides Mhe11 instruction in two stages, Leading portion Mhe11 instruction is constantly equal to torque capacity Mhe11max, is converted to when Speed of Reaction Wheels ω h11 touches the mark rotational speed omega h11p Power limitation control, Mhe11 instruction are equal to the ratio between engine loading condition power and Speed of Reaction Wheels Pload/ ω h11.

Flywheel initial speed non-zero but be lower than index revolving speed the case where: connect three half couples of HET circuit connection area 5, Control operation is carried out to HET train using corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method: the instruction of Mhe12 zero is provided, by three Section provides Mhe11 instruction, and leading portion Mhe11 instruction is using quickly the curve from zero to torque capacity Mhe11max, middle section Mhe11 refer to Order is constantly equal to torque capacity Mhe11max, is converted to power limitation control when Speed of Reaction Wheels ω h11 touches the mark rotational speed omega h11p, Mhe11 instruction is equal to Pload/ ω h11.

Flywheel initial speed is higher than the case where index revolving speed: the circuit connection area 5 of three half couples of HET is connected, using phase The divergence type HET adjustment control method answered carries out control operation to HET train: providing the instruction of Mhe12 zero, provides in two stages Mhe11 instruction, leading portion Mhe11 instruction are equal to using the quickly curve from zero to Pload/ ω h11, back segment Mhe11 instruction Pload/ωh11。

Load revolving speed upper limit value is set for flywheel, i.e., this turn until revolving speed reaches the limit value can be loaded to filling for flywheel Fast upper limit value is taken as flywheel maximum (top) speed 13793.1r/min.

Running speed lower limit value 9194.5r/min is set for flywheel, when Speed of Reaction Wheels reaches under running speed from high to low When limit value, flywheel stops output power, and starts to flywheel load and fill energy, rises to intermediate limit value revolving speed in Speed of Reaction Wheels Before 9655.2r/min, winged wd vehicle is not used.

When vehicle driving, always flywheel totality ramp-up stage (having reduction of speed once in a while) and flywheel totality falling-rate period (once in a while Have raising speed) rotation between the two stages.In the conversion of current generation and next stage, driving or abrupt deceleration vehicle torque are kept Continuity free of discontinuities, it may be assumed that wheel side torque M he12 is remained unchanged, and engine and the torque of flywheel side and power are round and smooth equilibrated It crosses.

Flywheel totality ramp-up stage: starting from running speed lower limit value, loads revolving speed upper limit value finally；Engine exports always Power, even if in flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle；In running speed lower limit value to the region between intermediate limit value revolving speed, engine operation In maximal power condition；In intermediate limit value revolving speed to the region between load revolving speed upper limit value, engine operation condition preferably exists Maximal efficiency operating condition, for loading flywheel and driving vehicle, when engine is completely used in the power P maxe of maximal efficiency operating condition Driving vehicle when still having deficiency, transfer output power and assist driving by flywheel, and when flywheel driving power reaches at that time, maximum value is still When insufficient, increase engine power, i.e., from power P maxe to maximum power Pmax transition, until flywheel drives maximum power Driving vehicle is completely used for maximum power.

Flywheel totality falling-rate period: load revolving speed upper limit value is started from, finally running speed lower limit value；Engine exports once in a while Power；When flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle, engine is not run；Based on winged wd vehicle, when flywheel driving power reaches at that time most When big value still has deficiency, engine power Pmaxe, while the corresponding range of decrease of flywheel power is added, as flywheel maximum power and Pmaxe The sum of when still having deficiency, increase engine power, i.e., from power P maxe to maximum power Pmax transition.

In vehicle drive seat, power steering unit: driving pedal, brake pedal, 1 grade of positive vehicle, 2 grades of positive vehicle, positive vehicle 3 is set Shelves, 1 grade of reversing initial setting control stick.

The corresponding driving torque relative value instruction exported from zero to maximum value of driving pedal stroke, torque is with stroke using non- Linear relationship, initial stage torque increase is relatively slow, to be easily achieved the control to the slow travel speed of vehicle.Driving torque is maximum Value refers to currently available maximum value, is calculated by power control system according to current state measurement parameter.

Brake-pedal travel is divided into successive two sections, and first stroke corresponds to the kinetic energy recycling braking moment phase from zero to maximum value To value, the friction braking torque relative value from zero to maximum value is corresponded in rear stroke, keeps the dynamic of maximum value simultaneously in rear stroke Braking moment can be recycled.Kinetic energy recycling braking is to be recycled vehicle energy to flywheel by the transmitting of HET backward power stream, friction system Dynamic is that vehicle energy is converted to thermal energy using four wheel friction brake disks.It is currently may be used that kinetic energy, which recycles braking moment maximum value, Obtained maximum value is calculated by power control system according to current state measurement parameter.

Positive 1 grade of vehicle, 2 grades of positive vehicle, 3 grades of positive vehicle, 1 grade of reversing initial setting control stick take into account vehicle ahead and astern setting and initial The setting of speed ratio gear, 1 grade of transmission is bigger, and 2 grades of transmission ratios are placed in the middle, and 3 grades of transmissions are smaller.Initially setting refers to positive 1 grade of vehicle, Within the scope of the positive vehicle travel speed of vehicle from zero to the first intermediate switch speed, three-level speed ratio gear retarder is located at 1 grade of transmission Than state, within the scope of first intermediate switch speed to second intermediate switch speed, it is located at 2 grades of transmission ratio states, the Within the scope of two intermediate switch speeds to vehicle maximum speed, it is located at 3 grades of transmission ratio states；Initially setting refers to positive 2 grades of vehicle, Within the scope of the positive vehicle travel speed of vehicle from zero to the second intermediate switch speed, it is located at 2 grades of transmission ratio states, second centre Within the scope of switch speed to vehicle maximum speed, it is located at 3 grades of transmission ratio states；Initially setting refers to positive 3 grades of vehicle, three gear-stage velocity ratio teeth Wheel decelerator is always positioned at 3 grades of transmission ratio states.1 grade of reversing initial setting refers to, in vehicle backing travel speed from zero to one Within the scope of a midrange speed, three-level speed ratio gear retarder is located at 1 grade of transmission ratio state, and speed limit is no more than centre speed Degree.When reversing, HETh12 shaft and its rear axle mechanism reversion, not ad hoc reverse-gear group.

Gear-change operation in traveling is automatically controlled by power control system, when reaching scheduled gear conversion speed, control System makes transmitting torque be reduced to zero, disengages former gear, synchronizes the two parts to be engaged using synchronizer friction, mount new gear, then By torque needed for driving torque instruction transmitting at that time.

Energy system is filled using following sequence composition proposal to the mechanical connection load of vehicle flywheel: load connector, loading end Vertical half couple HETho (Figure 25) of divergence type and arm-and-hand system energize the vertical half couple HEThi (Figure 26) of divergence type in end, Bevel gear speed increaser, horizontal synchronous motor.Load rated power 2000kW.

For HETho shaft as load shaft, load connector is assemblied in load shaft upper end, and load connector and vehicle flywheel turn Axis lower end loading disc 69 is using armful sebific duct fluid pressure type connection structure outside.Loading connector has hydraulic connecting disk 80 and flower keyboard 81, The involute spline mating connection and torsion pass of flower keyboard and load shaft, it is fixed using seam allowance between hydraulic connecting disk and flower keyboard Position, and use four circumferentially uniformly distributed 87 torsion passes of straight pin, using four screws 88 by the center end face of hydraulic connecting disk with load The axial end of shaft is adjacent to fixation.The outer rim of hydraulic connecting disk is in the cylinder type stretched out upwards, is provided in the inner wall of cylindrical portions Circumferential recess, the cushion rubber 82 of one polyurethane material of arrangement in groove, cushion rubber outer surface have longer inner cylinder face and longer External cylindrical surface, cushion rubber includes the annular circular hole of three axial alignments, and corresponding each annular circular hole opens that there are two circumferentially uniformly distributed Radial through-hole outward, the orientation of this corresponding two rows of radial through-hole, processes connection radial through-hole inside hydraulic connecting disk Two-way hydraulic circuit 83, two-way hydraulic circuit converges in the axle center oilhole of hydraulic connecting disk, the axle center oilhole and load shaft Axis through-hole 84 in (i.e. HETho shaft) is docked and connected.Hydraulic oil is supplied by the hydraulic station of subsystem, by pipeline and The seal nipple of HETho shaft lower end spindle nose is input to the oil circuit of axis through-hole 84 and its connection.The outer cylinder surface of cushion rubber and The groove surfaces adhesive sealing of outer circle angle surface and hydraulic connecting disk, to guarantee that two rows of radial through-hole and docking for hydraulic circuit are close Envelope.Hydraulic circuit is after emptying is oil-filled, and when being not pressurized, cushion rubber keeps original shape, and the inner periphery radius of cushion rubber is greater than Flywheel loading disc outer cylinder surface radius 0.5mm can manipulate loading head axial movement (being toward or away from) at this time；It is hydraulic when increasing When oil pressure is strong, cushion rubber inner hole cavity pressure is improved, cushion rubber expansion, the inner periphery reduced radius of cushion rubber, is played holding flywheel and is added The effect of load plate outer cylinder surface；After hydraulic oil pressure reduces, cushion rubber is restored to original shape again.When loading shaft rotation, The centrifugal modelling of generation can be such that cushion rubber bore hydraulic fluid pressure increases, while the centrifugal force for also increasing cushion rubber itself makes in it Periphery is displaced outwardly.For the uncertainty for avoiding centrifugal modelling and its function and effect, not up to loaded in load shaft Before operating position, and load shaft from load operating position leave when, make load shaft be in zero speed state.It is anti- In engaging zones residual air when only embracing loading disc outside cushion rubber, two ring-shaped grooves 85, ditch are processed in loading disc external cylindrical surface The axial position of slot corresponds to branch in two of cushion rubber annular circular hole axial positions, and process on loading disc two groups it is circumferentially equal The gas vent 86 of cloth, groove is in communication with the outside.

The vertical half couple HETho (Figure 25) of divergence type of the loading end and energy supply vertical half couple HEThi (Figure 26) of divergence type in end Be arranged on same axial line, be all made of connect outside two-stage, every grade of double magnetic fluxs, paraxial magnet exciting coil, half high rotor electric conductor 4 Electromagnetic structure pattern.The major parameter of each half couple: electromagnetism rated power 2000kW, rated speed 10000r/min, main electricity Rated value 65644A, electromotive force rated value 30.5V, shaft axial plane radius 85.285mm are flowed, rotor maximum radius 145.8mm is quiet Sub- ontology radius 232.8mm, external terminal radius 342.8mm, stator axial length 600.5mm, rotor quality 175kg.

What half couple HETho (Figure 25) and half couple HEThi (Figure 26) and automotive power specific embodiment used Half couple of divergence type HET (Figure 16) has most of identical CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATIONs, and the latter has been described in front, only half-and-half even below It is illustrated in place of the main difference for half couple of divergence type HET that part HETho and HEThi and Figure 16 is indicated.

HETho and HEThi has concatenated two-level configuration, single step arrangement tandem compound substantially as shown in Figure 16 and At four magnet exciting coils 9 of two single step arrangements are reduced to three magnet exciting coils 9 of two-stage series connection structure (corresponding diagram 10, figure 25, exciting current I1, I2, I3 in Figure 26), i.e., the middle position in former four magnet exciting coils and exciting current direction Consistent two coils merge into a coil (I3) again, while original two main magnetic circuits are merged into a main magnetic circuit, take Disappeared original two stator magnetizers 10.Exciting current is the two end-coils structure having the same and the number of turns of I1 and I2, by In magnetic structure and symmetrical, the magnetic flux by rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body that I1 and when I2 equal generate also has same big It is small.The intermediate coil that exciting current is I3 has more the number of turns, and the number of turns of arrangement guarantees magnetic flux and I1 that I3 rated value generates Identical with the magnetic flux size that I2 rated value generates, i.e., there are two the effects that single step arrangement is added for tool.In practical application, three are encouraged The conducting wire of magnetic coil concatenates, and I1 is equal in magnitude always with I2, and direction is also identical, and I3 is contrary with I1, the numerical value of I3 and I1 it Than being consistently equal to the ratio between its number of turns, this, simplifies the functional relations of whole rotor fluxs and the variation of its influence factor.

Between the two-stage of each half couple, between HETho and HEThi, the connection of main current circuit, which uses, to be arranged in Mixing flexible cable scheme (Figure 24, Figure 25, Figure 26) between external terminal 16.Mixing flexible cable uses several millis of line footpath zero point The red copper wire material of rice, the circular flexible bundle conductor 91 of outer profile diameter 6mm is made of thin wire, according to Figure 24, Tu25He Scheme shown in Figure 26 be connected between the external terminal of each half couple two-stage and the external terminal of HETho and HEThi it Between.Same paths, same current direction bundle conductor radially form a line, different paths, different current direction each arrange lead Harness alternatively mixing lines up sectorial block, along eight such sectorial blocks of Zhou Junbu, is reserved between sectorial block for other pipelines and lead By space.Bundle conductor and red copper external terminal soldering connection, or pass through red copper middle transition terminal and the two soldering connection. Bundle conductor length between HETho and HEThi external terminal should meet HETho and load shaft upwards and move left and right and reach work Make the limit requirements of position, that is, there is sufficient telescopic flexible.

Three spherical surface coercive mechanisms (tri- fulcrum of P1, P2, P3) are arranged in the outer surface HETho in arm-and-hand system, turn with HETho Axis axial line be longitudinal axis Zb attached body rectangular coordinate system in, three fulcrums Zb coordinate having the same (taking Zb value at this is zero), three Fulcrum is also identical at a distance from Zb axis (distance is R=340mm), and three fulcrums take on Xb axis along Zhou Junbu, P1 point.Using six Straight line stepping executive device controls the absolute coordinate of three fulcrums, takes the absolute rectangular coordinate system in ground (X, Y, Z) and initial position Attached body rectangular coordinate system (Xb, Yb, Zb) be overlapped, the Z axis coordinate of three fulcrums is directly controlled, the Y axis coordinate of P1 point directly by Control, the X axis coordinate of P2 and P3 point is directly controlled, and the X axis coordinate of P1 point, the Y axis coordinate of P2 and P3 point are rigidly connected by three fulcrums Relationship and indirectly it is controlled.The Z axis of each fulcrum controls: using prism kinematic pair (the specially band guiding slide key of reinforcement member Cylindrical movement pair, similarly hereinafter), lower-end member is rigidly secured to motionless rack and basis, and the upper end of lower-end member is machined with band The cylinder hole seat of keyway, the lower end of upper component are machined with keyed axis and stretch, and are assembled into prism kinematic pair, connect below axle stretch end The output shaft of straight line stepping executive device (specially stepper motor and screw nut driven mechanism, similarly hereinafter), straight line stepping execute Device under-chassis is fixed in lower-end member.The Y-axis of P1 point controls: using prism kinematic pair, one of component is P1 point Z axis Kinematic pair upper component is controlled, configures a pair of of axial line cylinder hole seat with keyway parallel with Y-axis, another component on it Both ends have keyed axis stretch, centre have the axial line cylinder hole seat without keyway parallel with X-axis, two end axles stretch and A pair of of hole seat is assembled into prism kinematic pair, and one end axis stretches the output shaft of connection straight line stepping executive device, and straight line stepping executes dress Under-chassis is set to be fixed on upper component.The X-axis of P2 point (P3 point) controls: using prism kinematic pair, one of component is P2 Point (P3 point) Z axis controls kinematic pair upper component, configures a pair of of axial line cylindrical hole with keyway parallel with X-axis on it There is keyed axis to stretch for seat, another component both ends, and centre has the axial line cylindrical hole without keyway parallel with Y-axis Seat, two end axles, which are stretched, is assembled into prism kinematic pair with a pair of of hole seat, and one end axis stretches the output shaft of connection straight line stepping executive device, directly Line stepping executive device under-chassis is fixed on upper component.In three cylinder hole seats without keyway, a cylinder is respectively assembled Shape piston installs a spherical joint bearing block at the end face center of close Z axis one end of piston, the spherical surface bar with matching Head is combined into spherical hinge, and the centre of sphere of three spherical hinges is exactly P1 point, P2 point, P3 point, and three struts with spherical surface head are fixed to be connected It connects above the support ring flat-plate 92 added at the HETho stator upper flanges.

Fit applications arm-and-hand system, detection system to vehicle vertical flywheel shaft orientation, using non-contact distance-measurement Instrument, measurement flywheel shaft end, with the concentric symmetrical fixing piece of shaft on three measurement index points and detection system three Nine range data between a fixed datum calculate the space three-dimensional absolute coordinate for determining three measurement index points, thus Determine flywheel shaft end spaces position and direction angle (three space coordinates and both direction angle).The working procedure carried out before load: Flywheel shaft end shield is opened, measures and determines flywheel shaft end spaces position and direction angle, adjusted HETho using arm-and-hand system It is moved to ready position, and the posture that axial line is overlapped with flywheel, then rectilinear translation HETho is to loading operating position.For Engagement is gone on smoothly in front of ensuring to load, and is increased guiding measure: having been set up guiding lantern ring 90 in flywheel shaft end housing, Set up pilot sleeve 89 on the bearing block of the upper end HETho, the two cooperation engagement to it is middle when play auxiliary guiding role.The guiding When measure can also be used for manually engaging centering.

The rated power 2000kW of horizontal synchronous motor, runs under synchronous rotational speed 3000r/min after starting, when needing vehicle When flywheel energy storage is unloaded to power grid, can antikinesis used as synchronous generator.Bevel gear speed increaser has a pair through grinding The spiral bevel gear of tooth, two axial lines are orthogonal, speed increasing ratio 3.333.

Fixed bearing device to carriage frame is set, using three-point support structure, i.e., two o'clock and latter point branch before vehicle It holds, is supported in vehicle frame standard setting and arrange three hydraulic jacks between bottom surface and ground support, by system after vehicle carry Control jacks up vehicle, makes somebody a mere figurehead tire, and fixed vehicle frame makes to be seated the flywheel position on vehicle frame and stablized.

Claims (83)

1. a kind of automotive power, comprising: the engine of a burning fuel output shaft work, one or two accumulated energy flywheel dress It sets, the power train and control system of connection engine, flywheel gear and main reducing gear of drive axle, it is characterized in that: power train contains There is monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine (HET), a set of HET contains two sets of rotors, a set of stator, external attached system and adjusts control System, there is the magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) of one or more axisymmetric shapes on each rotor, on stator there are two or multiple circular axis The direct-flow magnet exciting coil (9) of heart line (1) winding, magnetic circuit are closed loop by the axially symmetric structure part guiding on rotor and stator, at least There are two main magnetic circuit (22), magnetic circuit passes through rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), and be up to a main magnetic circuit (22) turns by two simultaneously The magnetic conducting and electric conducting body of son, is configured with the main current loop (23) of a set of closure, and the whole rotor magnetic conduction of circuit in series connection is led Electric body, the axial sides of each rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) are separately connected a rotor electric conductor (4), and the rotor magnetic conduction is conductive Body (3) and the rotor electric conductor (4) of its two sides and shaft (2) are socketed, and shaft (2) guides the magnetic flux of main magnetic circuit (22), and with warp The magnetic flux for crossing rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) connects, and each rotor electric conductor (4) passes through in circuit connection area (5) gap Liquid metal and a stator electric conductor (6,11) form main circuit connection, and the radial position of circuit connection area (5) is between rotor Between the internal diameter and outer diameter of electric conductor (4), the principal current direction and the direction magnetic flux (Φ) on rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body are in meridian plane It is orthogonal, by adjusting the electric current (I1, I2 ...) of each magnet exciting coil, adjust the electricity of direct current principal current (I0), each rotor Magnetic torque and electromagnetic power.

2. dynamical system as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: accumulated energy flywheel device is the vertical shaft type for being arranged in vehicle chassis Flexible flywheel device, a flywheel gear contain the wheel body of rotation, shaft (51), the bearing in shaft, a vacuum tank shell Body (52), shaft centerline are more body axially symmetric structures perpendicular to ground, wheel body, and wheel body contains one or more quality bulks (53) it is successively sequentially arranged at least one supporting mass (54), quality bulk and supporting mass with the small loop type of big ring sleeve, mass block Body is located at the outmost turns of rotation and time outer ring, supporting mass are located at the inner ring of quality bulk, and quality bulk is by circumferentially wound fiber Enhance polymer to constitute, adjacent inner ring and outer ring structural body connected using the flexible membrane ring (55,58) of two groups of axisymmetric shapes, One face-down end face of outer ring structure body is placed on a face-up end face of inner ring structure body, and two end faces are load-bearing End face pair (56), a face-up end face of outer ring structure body is placed under a face-down end face of inner ring structure body Side, two end faces are that the end face that limitation shifts up is secondary (57,64), and the end face pair and load-bearing end face pair are designed as central combination and exist Together, boss and recessinterengaging means are formed.

3. dynamical system as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the axial line of two rotors of every set HET is overlapped, two turn Adjacent to each other, the i.e. concentrated HET of son.

4. dynamical system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: the axial line of two rotors of every set HET is overlapped, two turn Adjacent to each other, the i.e. concentrated HET of son.

5. dynamical system as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: every set concentrated HET has the terminal of two column external power supplys (16), connection includes the principal current route including rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body, has liquid metal change-over switch (15), for outside Liquid, the original main current loop of disconnection are evacuated before connecing power supply, fills and can or unload to carry out plug-in to each flywheel respectively.

6. dynamical system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: every set concentrated HET has the terminal of two column external power supplys (16), connection includes the principal current route including rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body, has liquid metal change-over switch (15), for outside Liquid, the original main current loop of disconnection are evacuated before connecing power supply, fills and can or unload to carry out plug-in to each flywheel respectively.

7. the dynamical system as described in any claim in claim 3 to 6, it is characterized in that: being filled using an accumulated energy flywheel It sets and is located at flywheel end with two concentrated HET, a HET for being denoted as HET1, input terminal rotor and flywheel share a shaft, Another HET for being denoted as HET3 is located at engine end, the output axis connection of input terminal rotor and engine, or passes through one admittedly The connection of constant-speed ratio mechanical driving device, output end rotor are denoted as the clutch of clutch 3 by one and are denoted as transmission shaft 3 Take-off (propeller) shaft connection.

8. dynamical system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the output end rotor shaft upper end of HET1, is provided with a pair Bevel gear, bevel gear and the shaft direct connection, another bevel gear pass sequentially through the transmission shaft for being denoted as transmission shaft 1 and be denoted as from The clutch of clutch 1 is connect with main reducing gear of drive axle, or a fixed speed is also concatenated between clutch 1 and main reducing gear Than retarder or step speed change than retarder, or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, between transmission shaft 1 and transmission shaft 3 It is connected by one group of gear, to form single flywheel, concentrated HET, two-wheel drive structure.

9. dynamical system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the output end rotor shaft upper end of HET1, is provided with a pair Bevel gear, bevel gear and the shaft direct connection, another bevel gear pass sequentially through the transmission shaft for being denoted as transmission shaft 1 and be denoted as from The clutch of clutch 1 is connect with the transfer gear of distribution antero posterior axis driving force or inter-axle differential, or in clutch 1 and transfer gear Or a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change are also concatenated between inter-axle differential than retarder, transfer gear or inter-axle differential It is connect again with former and later two main reducing gear of drive axle, or wherein also adds a universal drive shaft, transmission shaft 1 and transmission shaft 3 Between by the connection of one group of gear, to form single flywheel, concentrated HET, the four-wheel drive structure with transfer.

10. dynamical system as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that: the output end rotor shaft upper end of HET1, is provided with trident Bevel gear set, including a vertical shaft drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differential, drive bevel gear and the shaft direct connection, one from Dynamic bevel gear passes sequentially through the transmission shaft for being denoted as transmission shaft 1 and is denoted as the main deceleration of the clutch and a drive axle of clutch 1 Device connection, or also concatenate between clutch 1 and main reducing gear a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change than retarder, Or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, another driven wheel of differential passes sequentially through the transmission shaft for being denoted as transmission shaft 2, between centers It differential mechanism and is denoted as the clutch of clutch 2 and is connect with the main reducing gear of another drive axle, or in clutch 2 and main deceleration A fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change are also concatenated between device than retarder, or wherein also add a Universal drive Axis, by one group of gear connection between transmission shaft 1 and transmission shaft 3, to form single flywheel, concentrated HET, direct four-wheel drive knot Structure.

11. the dynamical system as described in any claim in claim 3 to 6, it is characterized in that: oppositely oriented using two Accumulated energy flywheel device and three concentrated HET, first HET for being denoted as HET1 are located at a flywheel end, and second is denoted as HET2 HET be located at another flywheel end, the corresponding flywheel of the input terminal rotor of HET1 and HET2 shares a shaft, third A HET for being denoted as HET3 is located at engine end, the output axis connection of input terminal rotor and engine, or passes through a fixed speed It is connected than mechanical driving device, output end rotor is denoted as the clutch of clutch 3 by one and is denoted as the output of transmission shaft 3 It is driven axis connection.

12. dynamical system as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that: the output end rotor shaft upper end setting of HET1 contains one The trident bevel gear set of vertical shaft drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differential, drive bevel gear therein and the shaft direct connection, The output end rotor shaft upper end of HET2 is provided with bevel-gear sett, one of bevel gear and the shaft direct connection, therein One driven wheel of differential of another bevel gear and trident bevel gear set passes through a Universal drive axis connection, trident bevel gear set Another driven wheel of differential pass sequentially through the transmission shaft for being denoted as transmission shaft 1 and be denoted as clutch 1 clutch and drive axle master Retarder connection, or a fixed speed ratio retarder is also concatenated between clutch 1 and main reducing gear or step speed change ratio subtracts Fast device, or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, by one group of gear connection between transmission shaft 1 and transmission shaft 3, to be formed Free wheels, concentrated HET, two-wheel drive structure.

13. dynamical system as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that: the output end rotor shaft upper end setting of HET1 contains one The trident bevel gear set of vertical shaft drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differential, drive bevel gear therein and the shaft direct connection, The output end rotor shaft upper end of HET2 is provided with bevel-gear sett, one of bevel gear and the shaft direct connection, therein One driven wheel of differential of another bevel gear and trident bevel gear set passes through a Universal drive axis connection, trident bevel gear set Another driven wheel of differential pass sequentially through the transmission shaft for being denoted as transmission shaft 1 and be denoted as clutch 1 clutch and distribution front and back The transfer gear or inter-axle differential of axis driving force connect, or clutch 1 with also concatenated between transfer gear or inter-axle differential One fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change than retarder, transfer gear or inter-axle differential again with former and later two driving bridge main reducings Fast device connection, or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, it is connected between transmission shaft 1 and transmission shaft 3 by one group of gear, with Form free wheels, concentrated HET, the four-wheel drive structure with transfer.

14. dynamical system as claimed in claim 11, it is characterized in that: the output end rotor shaft upper end of HET1 and HET2 is all provided with Set the trident bevel gear set containing a vertical shaft drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differential, two drive bevel gears difference direct connections in In two above-mentioned shafts, each driven wheel of differential above HET1 and HET2 is by a Universal drive axis connection, on HET1 Another driven wheel of differential in face pass sequentially through the transmission shaft for being denoted as transmission shaft 1 and be denoted as clutch 1 clutch and one drive The main reducing gear connection of dynamic bridge, or also concatenate a fixed speed ratio retarder between clutch 1 and main reducing gear or have grade Gear ratio retarder, or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, another driven wheel of differential above HET2 passes sequentially through The main reducing gear for being denoted as the transmission shaft of transmission shaft 2, inter-axle differential and the clutch and another drive axle that are denoted as clutch 2 connects Connect, perhaps also concatenated between clutch 2 and main reducing gear a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change than retarder or A universal drive shaft is wherein also added, by one group of gear connection between transmission shaft 1 and transmission shaft 3, to form free wheels, collection Medium-sized HET, direct four-wheel drive structure.

15. the dynamical system as described in any claim in claim 8,9,12,13, it is characterized in that: driving or kinetic energy return When receiving abrupt deceleration vehicle, clutch 1 is engaged, when engine is run, engages clutch 3, when engine is not run, holdback clutch 3, When filling energy or unloading to flywheel progress plug-in, braking by hand brake vehicle engages clutch 1, holdback clutch 3, under suspended state When loading from engine to flywheel, braking by hand brake vehicle, holdback clutch 1 engages clutch 3.

16. the dynamical system as described in any claim in claim 10,14, it is characterized in that: driving or kinetic energy recycling system When motor-car, engage clutch 1 and clutch 2, when engine is run, engage clutch 3, when engine is not run, disengage from Clutch 3, when filling energy or unloading to flywheel progress plug-in, braking by hand brake vehicle engages clutch 1 and clutch 2, holdback clutch 3, when loading under suspended state from engine to flywheel, braking by hand brake vehicle, holdback clutch 1 and clutch 2 engage clutch Device 3.

17. dynamical system as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that: using total losses minimum principle to every set concentrated HET Adjustment control method: the summation of principal current ohm heat and exciting current ohm heat is total losses, selected principal current and each is encouraged The limits of application range of magnetoelectricity stream calculates separately or tests to obtain passing through rotor principal current on two rotors in the range The corresponding relationship that the total magnetic flux of the circuit surface of revolution follows principal current and exciting current multidimensional variable to change gives two axis revolving speeds and defeated The application range of shaft electromagnetic torque calculates different turns of gamut covering using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship Fast condition and torque-demand, the best value matrix of each exciting current that meets total losses minimum target, and total data is deposited It is stored in control system, when adjusting execution, the revolving speed of two rotors of instantaneous acquiring provides output shaft electromagnetism as input condition Torque instruction is also used as input condition, and associated storage data are called from control system, calculates and obtains corresponding each exciting current Optimum value, for executing link.

18. dynamical system as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that: using total losses minimum principle to every set concentrated HET Adjustment control method: the summation of principal current ohm heat and exciting current ohm heat is total losses, selected principal current and each is encouraged The limits of application range of magnetoelectricity stream calculates separately or tests to obtain passing through rotor principal current on two rotors in the range The corresponding relationship that the total magnetic flux of the circuit surface of revolution follows principal current and exciting current multidimensional variable to change gives two axis revolving speeds and defeated The application range of shaft electromagnetic torque calculates different turns of gamut covering using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship Fast condition and torque-demand, the best value matrix of each exciting current that meets total losses minimum target, and total data is deposited It is stored in control system, when adjusting execution, the revolving speed of two rotors of instantaneous acquiring provides output shaft electromagnetism as input condition Torque instruction is also used as input condition, and associated storage data are called from control system, calculates and obtains corresponding each exciting current Optimum value, for executing link.

19. dynamical system as claimed in claim 15, it is characterized in that: using total losses minimum principle to every set concentrated HET Adjustment control method: the summation of principal current ohm heat, exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection area (5) liquid metal frictional heat Limits of application range for total losses, selected principal current and each exciting current calculates separately or tests acquisition in the range The total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution on two rotors follows principal current and exciting current multidimensional variable to change Corresponding relationship, give two axis revolving speeds, output shaft electromagnetic torque, circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter application range, Using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship, gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, satisfaction are calculated The best value matrix of each exciting current and the best value matrix of liquid metal state parameter of total losses minimum target, and whole numbers According to control system is stored in, when adjusting execution, the revolving speed of two rotors of instantaneous acquiring provides output shaft as input condition Electromagnetic torque instruction, is also used as input condition, and associated storage data are called from control system, calculates and obtains corresponding each excitation Electric current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, for executing link.

20. dynamical system as claimed in claim 16, it is characterized in that: using total losses minimum principle to every set concentrated HET Adjustment control method: the summation of principal current ohm heat, exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection area (5) liquid metal frictional heat Limits of application range for total losses, selected principal current and each exciting current calculates separately or tests acquisition in the range The total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution on two rotors follows principal current and exciting current multidimensional variable to change Corresponding relationship, give two axis revolving speeds, output shaft electromagnetic torque, circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter application range, Using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship, gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, satisfaction are calculated The best value matrix of each exciting current and the best value matrix of liquid metal state parameter of total losses minimum target, and whole numbers According to control system is stored in, when adjusting execution, the revolving speed of two rotors of instantaneous acquiring provides output shaft as input condition Electromagnetic torque instruction, is also used as input condition, and associated storage data are called from control system, calculates and obtains corresponding each excitation Electric current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, for executing link.

21. dynamical system as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: two rotors of every set HET separate arrangement, there are two tools Half couple of HET uses external terminal (16) and external connection conductor propagation principal current, i.e. divergence type HET between half couple.

22. dynamical system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: two rotors of every set HET separate arrangement, there are two tools Half couple of HET uses external terminal (16) and external connection conductor propagation principal current, i.e. divergence type HET between half couple.

23. dynamical system as claimed in claim 21, it is characterized in that: each flywheel end configures a HET coaxial with flywheel Half couple, the conducting wire in parallel for picking out connection external power supply on its external connection conductor fill energy to carry out plug-in to each flywheel respectively Or unloading.

24. dynamical system as claimed in claim 22, it is characterized in that: each flywheel end configures a HET coaxial with flywheel Half couple, the conducting wire in parallel for picking out connection external power supply on its external connection conductor fill energy to carry out plug-in to each flywheel respectively Or unloading.

25. the dynamical system as described in any claim in claim 21 to 24, it is characterized in that: using an accumulated energy flywheel Device and a release HET of half point containing three half couples of HET, first half couple for being denoted as HETh11 and flywheel share one Shaft, second half couple shaft for being denoted as HETh12 is connect with main reducing gear of drive axle, or is subtracted by a fixed speed ratio Fast device or step speed change are connected than retarder, or wherein also add a universal drive shaft, and third is denoted as half idol of HETh3 Part shaft is connect with engine output shaft, or passes through a fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device connection, the master of three half couples of HET Circuit constitutes a principal current closed circuit by external terminal (16) and external connection conductor series connection, to form single flywheel, divergence type HET, two-wheel drive structure.

26. the dynamical system as described in any claim in claim 21 to 24, it is characterized in that: using an accumulated energy flywheel Device and a release HET of half point containing three half couples of HET, first half couple for being denoted as HETh11 and flywheel share one Shaft, second half couple shaft for being denoted as HETh12 are connect with the transfer gear of distribution antero posterior axis driving force or inter-axle differential, Or connected by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change than retarder, transfer gear or inter-axle differential again with front and back two A main reducing gear of drive axle connection, or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, third is denoted as the half couple shaft of HETh3 It is connect with engine output shaft, or by a fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device connection, the main circuit of three half couples of HET is logical It crosses external terminal (16) and external connection conductor series connection constitutes a principal current closed circuit, to form single flywheel, divergence type HET, band The four-wheel drive structure of transfer.

27. the dynamical system as described in any claim in claim 21 to 24, it is characterized in that: using an accumulated energy flywheel Device and two divergence type HET containing four half couples of HET, first half couple for being denoted as HETh11 and flywheel share one and turn Axis, second half couple shaft for being denoted as HETh12 are connect with the main reducing gear of a drive axle, or pass through a fixed speed It is connected than retarder or step speed change than retarder, or wherein also adds a universal drive shaft, third is denoted as HETh22 Half couple shaft connect with the main reducing gear of another drive axle, or pass through a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change It is connected than retarder, or wherein also adds a universal drive shaft, the 4th is denoted as the half couple shaft and engine of HETh3 Axis connection is exported, or by a fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device connection, the main circuit of four half couples of HET passes through external connection end Sub (16) and external connection conductor series connection constitute a principal current closed circuit, are driven with forming single flywheel, divergence type HET, direct four-wheel Dynamic structure.

28. the dynamical system as described in any claim in claim 21 to 24, it is characterized in that: oppositely oriented using two Accumulated energy flywheel device and two divergence type HET containing four half couples of HET, first half couple for being denoted as HETh11 with one Flywheel shares a shaft, and second half couple for being denoted as HETh21 and another flywheel share a shaft, and third is denoted as The half couple shaft of HETh12 is connect with main reducing gear of drive axle, or passes through a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change ratio Retarder connection, or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, the 4th half couple shaft for being denoted as HETh3 and engine are defeated Axis connection out, or by a fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device connection, the main circuit of four half couples of HET passes through external terminal (16) and external connection conductor series connection constitutes a principal current closed circuit, to form free wheels, divergence type HET, two-wheel drive structure.

29. the dynamical system as described in any claim in claim 21 to 24, it is characterized in that: oppositely oriented using two Accumulated energy flywheel device and two divergence type HET containing four half couples of HET, first half couple for being denoted as HETh11 with one Flywheel shares a shaft, and second half couple for being denoted as HETh21 and another flywheel share a shaft, and third is denoted as The half couple shaft of HETh12 is connect with the transfer gear of distribution antero posterior axis driving force or inter-axle differential, or passes through a fixation Speed ratio speed reducer or step speed change are connected than retarder, transfer gear or inter-axle differential again with former and later two main reducing gear of drive axle Connection, or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, the 4th half couple shaft for being denoted as HETh3 and engine output shaft connect Connect, or by the connection of fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device, the main circuits of four half couples of HET by external terminal (16) and External connection conductor series connection constitutes a principal current closed circuit, to form free wheels, divergence type HET, the four-wheel drive knot with transfer Structure.

30. the dynamical system as described in any claim in claim 21 to 24, it is characterized in that: oppositely oriented using two Accumulated energy flywheel device and the release HET of two near points containing five half couples of HET, first is denoted as half couple and one of HETh11 A flywheel shares a shaft, and second half couple for being denoted as HETh21 and another flywheel share a shaft, third note The half couple shaft for making HETh12 is connect with the main reducing gear of a drive axle, or by a fixed speed ratio retarder or is had Grade gear ratio retarder connection, or a universal drive shaft is wherein also added, the 4th is denoted as the half couple shaft of HETh22 It connect with the main reducing gear of another drive axle, or is connected by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step speed change than retarder It connects, or wherein also adds a universal drive shaft, the 5th half couple shaft for being denoted as HETh3 and engine output shaft connect Connect, or by the connection of fixed speed ratio mechanical driving device, the main circuits of five half couples of HET by external terminal (16) and External connection conductor series connection constitutes a principal current closed circuit, to form free wheels, divergence type HET, direct four-wheel drive structure.

31. dynamical system as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that: to a set of divergence type in series by three and half couples HET system uses the adjustment control method of total losses minimum principle: the summation of principal current ohm heat and exciting current ohm heat for Total losses select the limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current, in the range, calculate separately or test acquisition three The total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution on a rotor follows principal current and associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable to become The corresponding relationship of change gives three axis revolving speeds, half couple HETh12 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe12 of wheel side, half couple of engine side The application range of HETh3 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe3 calculates gamut and covers using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship Lid different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, the best value matrix of each exciting current that meets total losses minimum target, and complete Portion's data are stored in control system, and when adjusting execution, the revolving speed of three rotors of instantaneous acquiring provides institute as input condition The instruction of torque M he12 and Mhe3 is needed, input condition is also used as, associated storage data are called from control system, calculates and obtains Corresponding each exciting current optimum value, for executing link.

32. dynamical system as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that: to a set of divergence type in series by three and half couples HET system uses the adjustment control method of total losses minimum principle: the summation of principal current ohm heat and exciting current ohm heat for Total losses select the limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current, in the range, calculate separately or test acquisition three The total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution on a rotor follows principal current and associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable to become The corresponding relationship of change gives three axis revolving speeds, half couple HETh12 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe12 of wheel side, half couple of engine side The application range of HETh3 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe3 calculates gamut and covers using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship Lid different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, the best value matrix of each exciting current that meets total losses minimum target, and complete Portion's data are stored in control system, and when adjusting execution, the revolving speed of three rotors of instantaneous acquiring provides institute as input condition The instruction of torque M he12 and Mhe3 is needed, input condition is also used as, associated storage data are called from control system, calculates and obtains Corresponding each exciting current optimum value, for executing link.

33. dynamical system as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that: to a set of divergence type in series by three and half couples HET system uses the adjustment control method of total losses minimum principle: principal current ohm heat, exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection The summation of area (5) liquid metal frictional heat is total losses, the limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current is selected, at this In range, calculates separately or test the total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution obtained on three rotors and follow main electricity The corresponding relationship of stream and the variation of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable gives three axis revolving speeds, half couple HETh12 shaft electricity of wheel side Magnetic torque Mhe12, engine side half couple HETh3 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe3, circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter Application range, using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship, calculating gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque is needed The best value matrix of each exciting current and the best value matrix of liquid metal state parameter ask, meeting total losses minimum target, And total data is stored in control system, adjust execute when, the revolving speed of three rotors of instantaneous acquiring, as input condition, The instruction of required torque M he12 and Mhe3 is provided, input condition is also used as, associated storage data, meter are called from control system It calculates and obtains corresponding each exciting current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, for executing link.

34. dynamical system as claimed in claim 26, it is characterized in that: to a set of divergence type in series by three and half couples HET system uses the adjustment control method of total losses minimum principle: principal current ohm heat, exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection The summation of area (5) liquid metal frictional heat is total losses, the limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current is selected, at this In range, calculates separately or test the total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution obtained on three rotors and follow main electricity The corresponding relationship of stream and the variation of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable gives three axis revolving speeds, half couple HETh12 shaft electricity of wheel side Magnetic torque Mhe12, engine side half couple HETh3 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe3, circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter Application range, using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship, calculating gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque is needed The best value matrix of each exciting current and the best value matrix of liquid metal state parameter ask, meeting total losses minimum target, And total data is stored in control system, adjust execute when, the revolving speed of three rotors of instantaneous acquiring, as input condition, The instruction of required torque M he12 and Mhe3 is provided, input condition is also used as, associated storage data, meter are called from control system It calculates and obtains corresponding each exciting current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, for executing link.

35. dynamical system as claimed in claim 27, it is characterized in that: to a set of divergence type in series by four and half couples HET system uses the adjustment control method of total losses minimum principle: the summation of principal current ohm heat and exciting current ohm heat for Total losses select the limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current, in the range, calculate separately or test acquisition four The total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution on a rotor follows principal current and associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable to become The corresponding relationship of change, give four axis revolving speeds, wheel side half couple HETh12 and HETh22 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe12 and The application range of Mhe22, half couple HETh3 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe3 of engine side utilize electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned right It should be related to, calculate gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, each excitation for meeting total losses minimum target The best value matrix of electric current, and total data is stored in control system, when adjusting execution, four rotors of instantaneous acquiring turn Speed provides the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe22 and Mhe3 as input condition, input condition is also used as, from control system Middle calling associated storage data calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value, for executing link.

36. dynamical system as claimed in claim 27, it is characterized in that: to a set of divergence type in series by four and half couples HET system uses the adjustment control method of total losses minimum principle: principal current ohm heat, exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection The summation of area (5) liquid metal frictional heat is total losses, the limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current is selected, at this In range, calculates separately or test the total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution obtained on four rotors and follow main electricity Stream and associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable variation corresponding relationship, give four axis revolving speeds, half couple HETh12 of wheel side and Shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe12 and Mhe22, the half couple HETh3 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe3 of engine side, circuit connection of HETh22 The application range of area's liquid metal state parameter calculates gamut covering using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship Different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, the best value matrix of each exciting current and liquid metal that meet total losses minimum target The best value matrix of state parameter, and total data is stored in control system, when adjusting execution, four rotors of instantaneous acquiring Revolving speed provides the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe22 and Mhe3 as input condition, is also used as input condition, is from control Associated storage data are called in system, are calculated and are obtained corresponding each exciting current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, For executing link.

37. dynamical system as claimed in claim 28, it is characterized in that: to a set of divergence type in series by four and half couples HET system uses the adjustment control method of total losses minimum principle: the summation of principal current ohm heat and exciting current ohm heat for Total losses select the limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current, in the range, calculate separately or test acquisition four The total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution on a rotor follows principal current and associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable to become The corresponding relationship of change gives four axis revolving speeds, half couple HETh12 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe12 of wheel side, half couple of engine side The shaft electromagnetic torque ratio Mhe11/ of HETh3 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe3, two flywheel ends half couple HETh11 and HETh21 The application range of Mhe21, using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship, calculate gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and Torque-demand, the best value matrix of each exciting current that meets total losses minimum target, and total data is stored in control System, when adjusting execution, the revolving speed of four rotors of instantaneous acquiring provides required torque M he12, Mhe3 as input condition With the instruction of Mhe11/Mhe21, it is also used as input condition, associated storage data are called from control system, calculating is corresponded to Each exciting current optimum value, for executing link.

38. dynamical system as claimed in claim 29, it is characterized in that: to a set of divergence type in series by four and half couples HET system uses the adjustment control method of total losses minimum principle: the summation of principal current ohm heat and exciting current ohm heat for Total losses select the limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current, in the range, calculate separately or test acquisition four The total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution on a rotor follows principal current and associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable to become The corresponding relationship of change gives four axis revolving speeds, half couple HETh12 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe12 of wheel side, half couple of engine side The shaft electromagnetic torque ratio Mhe11/ of HETh3 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe3, two flywheel ends half couple HETh11 and HETh21 The application range of Mhe21, using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship, calculate gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and Torque-demand, the best value matrix of each exciting current that meets total losses minimum target, and total data is stored in control System, when adjusting execution, the revolving speed of four rotors of instantaneous acquiring provides required torque M he12, Mhe3 as input condition With the instruction of Mhe11/Mhe21, it is also used as input condition, associated storage data are called from control system, calculating is corresponded to Each exciting current optimum value, for executing link.

39. dynamical system as claimed in claim 28, it is characterized in that: to a set of divergence type in series by four and half couples HET system uses the adjustment control method of total losses minimum principle: principal current ohm heat, exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection The summation of area (5) liquid metal frictional heat is total losses, the limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current is selected, at this In range, calculates separately or test the total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution obtained on four rotors and follow main electricity The corresponding relationship of stream and the variation of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable gives four axis revolving speeds, half couple HETh12 shaft electricity of wheel side Magnetic torque Mhe12, half couple HETh3 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe3 of engine side, two half couple HETh11 of flywheel end with The application range of the shaft electromagnetic torque ratio Mhe11/Mhe21 of HETh21, circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter utilize Electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship calculate gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, the total damage of satisfaction The best value matrix of each exciting current and the best value matrix of liquid metal state parameter of minimum target are consumed, and total data is deposited It is stored in control system, when adjusting execution, the revolving speed of four rotors of instantaneous acquiring provides required torque as input condition The instruction of Mhe12, Mhe3 and Mhe11/Mhe21 are also used as input condition, and associated storage data, meter are called from control system It calculates and obtains corresponding each exciting current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, for executing link.

40. dynamical system as claimed in claim 29, it is characterized in that: to a set of divergence type in series by four and half couples HET system uses the adjustment control method of total losses minimum principle: principal current ohm heat, exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection The summation of area (5) liquid metal frictional heat is total losses, the limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current is selected, at this In range, calculates separately or test the total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution obtained on four rotors and follow main electricity The corresponding relationship of stream and the variation of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable gives four axis revolving speeds, half couple HETh12 shaft electricity of wheel side Magnetic torque Mhe12, half couple HETh3 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe3 of engine side, two half couple HETh11 of flywheel end with The application range of the shaft electromagnetic torque ratio Mhe11/Mhe21 of HETh21, circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter utilize Electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship calculate gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, the total damage of satisfaction The best value matrix of each exciting current and the best value matrix of liquid metal state parameter of minimum target are consumed, and total data is deposited It is stored in control system, when adjusting execution, the revolving speed of four rotors of instantaneous acquiring provides required torque as input condition The instruction of Mhe12, Mhe3 and Mhe11/Mhe21 are also used as input condition, and associated storage data, meter are called from control system It calculates and obtains corresponding each exciting current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, for executing link.

41. dynamical system as claimed in claim 30, it is characterized in that: to a set of divergence type in series by five and half couples HET system uses the adjustment control method of total losses minimum principle: the summation of principal current ohm heat and exciting current ohm heat for Total losses select the limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current, in the range, calculate separately or test acquisition five The total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution on a rotor follows principal current and associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable to become The corresponding relationship of change, give five axis revolving speeds, wheel side half couple HETh12 and HETh22 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe12 and Mhe22, half couple HETh3 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe3 of engine side, two flywheel ends half couple HETh11 and HETh21 turn The application range of axis electromagnetic torque ratio Mhe11/Mhe21 calculates full model using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship Covering different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, the best value matrix of each exciting current that meets total losses minimum target are enclosed, and Total data is stored in control system, when adjusting execution, the revolving speed of five rotors of instantaneous acquiring is given as input condition The instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe22, Mhe3 and Mhe11/Mhe21 out is also used as input condition, calls from control system Associated storage data calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value, for executing link.

42. dynamical system as claimed in claim 30, it is characterized in that: to a set of divergence type in series by five and half couples HET system uses the adjustment control method of total losses minimum principle: principal current ohm heat, exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection The summation of area (5) liquid metal frictional heat is total losses, the limits of application range of principal current and each exciting current is selected, at this In range, calculates separately or test the total magnetic flux across the rotor main current loop surface of revolution obtained on five rotors and follow main electricity Stream and associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable variation corresponding relationship, give five axis revolving speeds, half couple HETh12 of wheel side and Shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe12 and Mhe22, the half couple HETh3 shaft electromagnetic torque Mhe3 of engine side, two flywheels of HETh22 Hold shaft electromagnetic torque ratio Mhe11/Mhe21, the circuit connection area liquid metal state ginseng of half couple HETh11 and HETh21 Several application ranges calculates gamut covering different rotating speeds condition and turns using electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relationship Square demand, the best value matrix of each exciting current and liquid metal state parameter optimum value square that meet total losses minimum target Battle array, and total data is stored in control system, when adjusting execution, the revolving speed of five rotors of instantaneous acquiring, as input item Part provides the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe22, Mhe3 and Mhe11/Mhe21, input condition is also used as, from control system Middle calling associated storage data calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, use In execution link.

43. the dynamical system as described in any claim in claim 31 to 42, it is characterized in that: when carrying out plug-in to flywheel When filling energy or unloading, the circuit connection area (5) of half couple of flywheel end is connected, disconnects the circuit connection area (5) of other half couples With exciting current circuit, external power supply is connected, when loading under suspended state from engine to flywheel, braking by hand brake vehicle breaks External power supply is opened, the circuit connection area (5) of all half couples is connected, disconnects and removes half couple of half couple of flywheel end and engine side Except other half couples exciting current circuit.

44. the dynamical system as described in any claim in claim 17 to 20, it is characterized in that: when vehicle driving, flywheel With engine tool there are five types of power flow combinations of states: fly wd vehicle (move ahead or reversing), motor-powered vehicle (move ahead or Reversing) and to flywheel fill can, engine and flywheel drive vehicle (move ahead or reversing) simultaneously, and flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle (moves ahead or falls Vehicle), flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle (move ahead or reversing) and engine fill energy to flywheel.

45. dynamical system as claimed in claim 43, it is characterized in that: there are five types of function for flywheel and engine tool when vehicle driving The combination of rate stream mode: winged wd vehicle (move ahead or move backward), motor-powered vehicle (forward or reversing) simultaneously fill energy to flywheel, Engine and flywheel drive vehicle (move ahead or move backward) simultaneously, and flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle (moves ahead or moves backward), and flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle is (preceding Row or reversing) and engine to flywheel fill energy.

46. dynamical system as claimed in claim 44 turns it is characterized in that: engine preferentially takes idling to flywheel energy starting Speed, then oil spout is lighted or compression ignition, engine operates normally preferably in maximal efficiency operating condition, in short-term in maximum when needing more high-power It is run on an efficiency optimization operating condition line between efficiency operating condition and maximal power condition.

47. dynamical system as claimed in claim 45 turns it is characterized in that: engine preferentially takes idling to flywheel energy starting Speed, then oil spout is lighted or compression ignition, engine operates normally preferably in maximal efficiency operating condition, in short-term in maximum when needing more high-power It is run on an efficiency optimization operating condition line between efficiency operating condition and maximal power condition.

48. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system uses dynamical system as claimed in claim 7.

49. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system is using dynamical system described in claim 11.

50. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system is using dynamical system described in claim 15.

51. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system is using dynamical system described in claim 16.

52. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system is using dynamical system described in claim 25.

53. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system is using dynamical system described in claim 26.

54. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system is using dynamical system described in claim 27.

55. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system is using dynamical system described in claim 28.

56. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system is using dynamical system described in claim 29.

57. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system is using dynamical system described in claim 30.

58. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system is using dynamical system described in claim 43.

59. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system is using dynamical system described in claim 44.

60. a kind of vehicle, comprising: dynamical system, running gear, steering system, braking system, vehicle body, auxiliary device, it is characterized in that: dynamic Force system is using described in any claim in claim 1 to 6,8 to 10,12 to 14,17 to 24,31 to 42,45 to 47 Dynamical system.

61. energy system is filled in the mechanical connection load of a kind of pair of flywheel, comprising: connect when operation with flywheel shaft lower end loading disc machinery The load connector and shaft connect, the synchronous motor or asynchronous motor being connect with AC network, load shaft with it is electronic Power train between machine, it is characterized in that: power train contains a set of monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine (HET), a set of HET contains two sets Rotor, a set of stator, external attached system and regulation and control system have leading for one or more axisymmetric shapes on each rotor Magnetic electrical conductor (3), on stator there are two or multiple circular axial lines (1) winding direct-flow magnet exciting coil (9), magnetic circuit by rotor and Axially symmetric structure part guiding on stator is closed loop, and at least there are two main magnetic circuit (22), magnetic circuit passes through rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), a be up to main magnetic circuit (22) passes through the magnetic conducting and electric conducting body of two rotors simultaneously, and the principal current for being configured with a set of closure is returned Road (23), the whole rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body of circuit in series connection, the axial sides difference of each rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) A rotor electric conductor (4) is connected, the rotor electric conductor (4) and shaft (2) of the rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) and its two sides cover It connects, shaft (2) guides the magnetic flux of main magnetic circuit (22), and connects with by the magnetic flux of rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), and each rotor is led Electric body (4) passes through the liquid metal and stator electric conductor (6, a 11) formation main circuit in circuit connection area (5) gap Connection, the radial position of circuit connection area (5) is between the internal diameter and outer diameter of rotor electric conductor (4), rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body On principal current direction and the magnetic flux direction (Φ) it is orthogonal in meridian plane, by adjust each magnet exciting coil electric current (I1, I2 ...), adjust the electromagnetic torque and electromagnetic power of direct current principal current (I0), each rotor.

62. energy system is filled in load as claimed in claim 61, it is characterized in that: there is vertical loading end half using divergence type HET Couple HEThj and half couple HEThg, HEThg shaft of vertical energy supply end are connect with vertical type motor shaft, or pass through a speedup Gear-box is connect with vertical type motor shaft, or is connected by a step-up gear with bevel gear and horizontal motor shaft It connects.

63. energy system is filled in load as claimed in claim 61, it is characterized in that: there is vertical loading end half using divergence type HET Couple HEThj and half couple HEThg, HEThg shaft of horizontal energy supply end are connect with horizontal motor shaft, or pass through a speedup Gear-box is connect with horizontal motor shaft.

64. energy system is filled in load as claimed in claim 62, it is characterized in that: half couple HEThj shaft upper end of vertical loading end Connect a vertical universal drive shaft.

65. energy system is filled in the load as described in claim 63, it is characterized in that: half couple HEThj shaft upper end of vertical loading end Connect a vertical universal drive shaft.

66. energy system is filled in load as claimed in claim 61, it is characterized in that: there is horizontal loading end half using divergence type HET Couple HEThj and half couple HEThg, HEThj shaft of horizontal energy supply end pass through a step-up gear with bevel gear and one Vertical Universal drive axis connection, HEThg shaft are connect with horizontal motor shaft, or pass through a step-up gear and Horizontal electric The connection of motivation shaft.

67. energy system is filled in load as claimed in claim 61, it is characterized in that: HET output end turns using concentrated vertical HET Axis and a vertical Universal drive axis connection, HET input terminal shaft are connect with vertical type motor shaft, or pass through a speedup tooth Roller box is connect with vertical type motor shaft, or is connect by a step-up gear with bevel gear with horizontal motor shaft.

68. energy system is filled in load as claimed in claim 61, it is characterized in that: HET output end turns using concentrated horizontal HET Axis passes through a step-up gear with bevel gear and a vertical Universal drive axis connection, HET input terminal shaft and Horizontal electric The connection of motivation shaft, or connect by a step-up gear with horizontal motor shaft.

69. energy system is filled in the mechanical connection load of a kind of pair of flywheel, comprising: connect when operation with flywheel shaft lower end loading disc machinery The load connector and shaft connect, the synchronous motor or asynchronous motor connecting with AC network, one is made buffering purposes Vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device, load between shaft and motor, buffering flywheel and be connected on power train therein, feature Be: power train contains two sets of monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machines (HET), a set of load HET be located at buffering flywheel and load shaft it Between, a set of energy supply HET is located between buffering flywheel and motor, and a set of HET contains two sets of rotors, a set of stator, external attached System and regulation and control system have the magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) of one or more axisymmetric shapes on each rotor, have two on stator The direct-flow magnet exciting coil (9) of a or multiple circular axial line (1) windings, magnetic circuit are led by the axially symmetric structure part on rotor and stator It is cited as closed loop, at least there are two main magnetic circuit (22), magnetic circuit passes through rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), a be up to main magnetic circuit (22) The magnetic conducting and electric conducting body for passing through two rotors simultaneously, is configured with the main current loop (23) of a set of closure, and circuit in series connection is complete The rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body in portion, the axial sides of each rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) are separately connected a rotor electric conductor (4), The rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) and the rotor electric conductor (4) of its two sides and shaft (2) are socketed, and shaft (2) guides main magnetic circuit (22) Magnetic flux, and connect with by the magnetic flux of rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), each rotor electric conductor (4) passes through a circuit connection Liquid metal and a stator electric conductor (6,11) in area (5) gap form main circuit connection, the radial direction of circuit connection area (5) Principal current direction and magnetic flux (Φ) of the position between the internal diameter and outer diameter of rotor electric conductor (4), on rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body Direction is orthogonal in meridian plane, by adjusting the electric current (I1, I2 ...) of each magnet exciting coil, adjust direct current principal current (I0), The electromagnetic torque and electromagnetic power of each rotor.

70. energy system is filled in the load as described in claim 69, it is characterized in that: load HET uses vertical divergence type, HET is energized Using vertical divergence type or concentrated, the input terminal shaft for energizing HET is connect with vertical type motor shaft, or passes through a speedup Gear-box is connect with vertical type motor shaft, or is connected by a step-up gear with bevel gear and horizontal motor shaft It connects.

71. energy system is filled in the load as described in claim 69, it is characterized in that: load HET uses vertical divergence type, HET is energized Using divergence type, there is half couple of vertical half couple of output end and horizontal input terminal, the latter's shaft and horizontal motor shaft connect It connects, or is connect by a step-up gear with horizontal motor shaft.

72. energy system is filled in the load as described in claim 69, it is characterized in that: load HET uses vertical divergence type or concentrated, Its output end shaft and a vertical Universal drive axis connection, energy supply HET use vertical divergence type or concentrated, and input terminal turns Axis is connect with vertical type motor shaft, or is connect by a step-up gear with vertical type motor shaft, or passes through a band The step-up gear of bevel gear is connect with horizontal motor shaft.

73. energy system is filled in the load as described in claim 69, it is characterized in that: load HET uses vertical divergence type or concentrated, Its output end shaft and a vertical Universal drive axis connection, energy supply HET use divergence type, have vertical half couple of output end and Horizontal half couple of input terminal, the latter's shaft are connect with horizontal motor shaft, or pass through a step-up gear and Horizontal electronic The connection of machine shaft.

74. energy system is filled in the load as described in any claim in claim 62 to 68,70 to 73, it is characterized in that: being equipped with It is a set of to make to load the mobile arm-and-hand system in shaft orientation, and the detection system to vehicle vertical flywheel shaft orientation.

75. energy system is filled in the load as described in any claim in claim 62 to 68,70 to 73, it is characterized in that: transmission System is additionally provided with a vertical type cylinder gear speeder, connect with existing vertical universal drive shaft upper end, when without vertical universal biography When moving axis, which connect with the vertical half couple shaft upper end HET of existing loading end, when without vertical universal drive shaft and vertical When formula half couple of HET, which connect with existing vertical type motor shaft upper end.

76. energy system is filled in the load as described in claim 74, increase it is characterized in that: power train is additionally provided with a vertical type cylinder gear Fast device is connect with existing vertical universal drive shaft upper end, when without vertical universal drive shaft, the speed increaser and existing load Hold the vertical half couple shaft upper end HET to connect, when without vertical universal drive shaft and when vertical half couple of HET, the speed increaser with The connection of some vertical type motor shafts upper end.

77. energy system is filled in the load as described in any claim in claim 61 to 73,76, it is characterized in that: load connector With the mechanical connection of vehicle flywheel shaft lower end loading disc, it is meshed using a pair of of internal-external gear or isolated gear type structure, Perhaps using castellated structure or using armful sebific duct fluid pressure type structure outside.

78. energy system is filled in the load as described in claim 74, it is characterized in that: load connector and vehicle flywheel shaft lower end load The mechanical connection of disk, is meshed or isolated gear type structure using a pair of of internal-external gear, perhaps using castellated structure or Using armful sebific duct fluid pressure type structure outside.

79. energy system is filled in the load as described in claim 75, it is characterized in that: load connector and vehicle flywheel shaft lower end load The mechanical connection of disk, is meshed or isolated gear type structure using a pair of of internal-external gear, perhaps using castellated structure or Using armful sebific duct fluid pressure type structure outside.

80. energy system is filled in the load as described in any claim in claim 61 to 73,76,78,79, it is characterized in that: also Equipped with carriage frame fixed bearing device, there is or four-point supporting structure at 3 points, for loading front support car weight in vehicle flywheel With fixed vehicle frame, stablize flywheel position.

81. energy system is filled in the load as described in claim 74, it is characterized in that: being additionally provided with carriage frame fixed bearing device, have There are or four-point supporting structure at 3 points, for stablizing flywheel position in vehicle flywheel load front support car weight and fixed vehicle frame.

82. energy system is filled in the load as described in claim 75, it is characterized in that: being additionally provided with carriage frame fixed bearing device, have There are or four-point supporting structure at 3 points, for stablizing flywheel position in vehicle flywheel load front support car weight and fixed vehicle frame.

83. energy system is filled in the load as described in claim 77, it is characterized in that: being additionally provided with carriage frame fixed bearing device, have There are or four-point supporting structure at 3 points, for stablizing flywheel position in vehicle flywheel load front support car weight and fixed vehicle frame.