CN105270154A - Vehicular fuel engine with homopolar DC electromagnetic transmission, and flywheel hybrid power system - Google Patents

Abstract

A vehicular hybrid power system comprises a fuel engine, a vertical shaft type flexible flywheel, and a power train system which is connected with the fuel engine, the vertical shaft type flexible flywheel and a drive axle main reducer. The power train system comprises a homopolar DC electromagnetic transmission (HET). The fuel engine is provided with a speed regulator. The operation condition is regulated by the speed regulator to a preferable-efficiency line. Power change of a driving vehicle or an energy recycling braking vehicle is commonly applied through controlling for a flywheel power flow. The energy of the flywheel is input in a path of connecting with a power supply for charging, charging the engine, and recycling kinetic energy for braking. An existing chemical cell hybrid power system has defects of low energy efficiency, insufficient dynamic performance, limited kinetic energy recycling capability, long charging time, short service life, low safety and non-enough environment-friendly performance. An existing flywheel hybrid power system has defects of low energy efficiency, high equipment cost, high weight, large space occupation, insufficient motor heat radiation, high difficulty in dynamic balancing of a large-mass flywheel, and low reliability of a magnetic bearing. The vehicular hybrid power system and the flywheel hybrid power system comprehensively settle the problems above.

Description

Vehicle fuel driving engine with monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine and flywheel hybrid power system

Art

The present invention relates to the vehicle hybrid system that a kind of automotive power, particularly engine fuel are combined with closed-center system.Also relate to the vehicle being with this power system, also relate to and energy system is filled to the high-power loading of this power system closed-center system.

Background technology

The vehicle hybrid system that engine fuel is combined with closed-center system, currently mainly contains two types, and one is engine fuel and chemical cell hybrid power system, and one is engine fuel and flywheel hybrid power system.

Existing vehicle fuel driving engine and chemical cell hybrid power system, comprise the main portions such as engine fuel, chemical storage batteries, electrical generator, electrical motor, convertor equipment, control system.When energy is filled in plug-in, grid alternating current fills energy to chemical storage batteries after rectification is direct current (DC).When engine fuel fills energy to storage battery, by electrical generator and convertor equipment, mechanical energy is converted to battery chemistries energy.Accumulator DC is transformed to the appropriate alternating current of frequency and voltage by convertor equipment, passes through motor car.When car brakeing uses recover kinetic energy function, this electrical motor is used as electrical generator, and related system makes energy counter-flow, and vehicle energy is converted to battery chemistries energy.Also there is design plan that engine fuel can be made to be driven separately by mechanical transmission structure or combine driving vehicle.Up to now, vehicle fuel driving engine and chemical cell hybrid power system also also exist problems and shortcoming, comprising:

(1) efficiency of chemical storage batteries, electrical generator, electrical motor and convertor equipment is not high, and total energy conversion efficiency is lower;

(2) be limited to the power capability of chemical storage batteries, motor and convertor equipment, the dynamic property of vehicle pure motor driving is not enough;

(3) recover kinetic energy function limitation during car brakeing, because the restriction of plant capacity and chemical storage batteries large current charge, make recover kinetic energy B.P. on the low side, and car brakeing is often in the situation of high-energy conversion ratio;

(4) chemical storage batteries fill can the time longer, the scheme time of filling soon of employing is also longer, and fills the damage of battery larger soon;

(5) chemical storage batteries cost per unit is very high;

(6) restricted lifetime of chemical storage batteries, its tenure of use and usual automobile have a long way to go tenure of use;

(7) chemical storage batteries safety and environmental protection aspect existing problems; that the lithium ion battery of high-energy-density easily causes is overheated, spontaneous combustion is even exploded; the weight of the lead-acid battery of low energy densities is larger; and serious environment pollution, chemical storage batteries is from production to there is the larger problem being unfavorable for environmental protection in the life cycle management of post-processing all the time.

Existing vehicle fuel driving engine and flywheel hybrid power system, its typical component part contains: engine fuel, the electrical generator be connected with driving engine, the flywheel of vacuum environment, magnetic suspension bearing, the high rotating speed adjustable frequency motor/electrical generator coaxial with flywheel, electric semiconductor convertor equipment, is connected to the adjustable frequency motor/electrical generator of wheel.The transfer route that extraneous electrical network fills energy to flywheel is: electric energy, convertor equipment, flywheel side electrical motor; The transfer route that engine fuel fills energy to flywheel is: engine side electrical generator, convertor equipment, flywheel side electrical motor; When flywheel drives, flywheel energy drives vehicle through following energy transferring path: flywheel side electrical generator, convertor equipment, wheel side electrical motor; During recover kinetic energy braking, vehicle energy to flywheel bang path is: wheel side electrical generator, convertor equipment, flywheel side electrical motor.The weak point of this flywheel hybrid power system comprises:

(1) efficiency of energy transfer process is lower, engine fuel fills the process of energy to flywheel, and fly the process of wd vehicle, all need the transformation of energy through two motors and a set of convertor equipment, the peak efficiency of each process is not more than 86%, average effiiciency about 72%, the peak efficiency of overall process is not more than 74%, average effiiciency about 52%;

The cost of (2) three motors and a whole set of convertor equipment is higher, and weight is comparatively large, takes up space more;

(3) coaxial with flywheel high rotating speed adjustable frequency motor/electrical generator is positioned at vacuum vessel, the cal val of high frequency pot motor dispel the heat greatly, simultaneously and not smooth problem larger;

(4) dynamic balance calibration of flywheel has great difficulty, High Rotation Speed hour wheel body deformability is very large, Long-Time Service produces larger creep deformation, and the flywheel wheel body that these factors make existing rigid construction design is difficult to control to reduce its unbalance dynamic force and moment, and result produces harmful vibration;

(5) flywheel Radial load bearing and the axial load bearing problem that all adopts magnetic bearing to bring: add the magnetic suspension bearing active control system must with very high reliability, in movable application occasions such as vehicles, be faced with the test of significantly impact load random frequently, particularly flywheel gyro torque is quite serious to the impact load of radial bearing; Compared with the mechanical bearing not needing to control or Permanent-magnet bearing, magnetic suspension bearing and control system thereof are a complication system after all, the probability gone wrong is higher, once break down with lost efficacy, because the inertial rotation of flywheel can not stop in the short time, the heating of protection bearing and wearing and tearing will very seriously consequently damage, and cause the pernicious destruction of flywheel rotor system the most at last; Magnetic levitation bearing system relies on the maintenance of power supply, can not the supply of uninterruptible power when flywheel does not work for a long time but keeps rotation.

Summary of the invention

The vehicle hybrid system of the present invention program, except engine fuel, form primarily of flexible flywheel and monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine (HET--HomopolarElectromagneticTransmission), flywheel is as energy carrier, HET in order to stepless change bending moment transferring energy, and is the control axis of manipulation energy flow direction and size.

Contrast existing flywheel hybrid power system, the present invention program mainly has unique distinction in the following areas, and in performance or functionally have significantly progress:

(1) energy transferring of vehicle and recover kinetic energy abrupt deceleration vehicle is driven to adopt HET, the energy transferring that engine fuel fills energy to flywheel adopts HET, outside filling at a slow speed the miniwatt of flywheel can adopt external communication electric rectification to load through the HET rotor coaxial with flywheel, outside can adopt mechanical direct connection loading regime to high-power the filling fast of flywheel, and this is carried in, and filling to stand uses special HET and constant speed synchronous motor; The efficiency of HET transferring energy is very high, can design and reach 96% ~ 98%;

(2) power density of HET is very high, and cost economic, and in the weight of the vehicle driveline of Same Efficieney, volume and cost, tool has great advantage;

(3) do not have heat-producing device in the vacuum vessel of flywheel, main electromagnetic equipment (HET and axial permanent magnetic bearing) does not have alternating current and pulsating magnetic field, does not produce high-frequency vortex loss and hysteresis loss;

(4) flywheel wheel body is designed to the multiple hull construction that flexibly connects, avoids a vibration difficult problem for rigid construction wheel body, turn increases space effective rate of utilization simultaneously, namely arranges wheel body mass more;

(5) flywheel design is vertical shaft type structure, the weight employing permanent magnetism cod supporting that flywheel is downward, its very little Radial load adopts mechanical antifriction-bearing box to support, and can select to be aided with that mechanical protection bearing is emergent bears when there is larger gyro torque shock load; This solution avoids the problem all adopting magnetic suspension bearing to bring, make again bearing friction loss maintain acceptable reduced levels.

Compared with existing vehicle chemical cell hybrid power system, except having illustrated in superincumbent contrast, the present invention program has also had following significant advantage:

(1) when energy is filled in outside, high-power fast fill of employing mechanical direct connection loading regime to flywheel can be very quick, the loading power of each flywheel can reach a more than megawatt, and the omnidistance load time is controlled within 2 minutes, also can select plug-in trickle charge simultaneously;

(2) because HET power density is very high, and power limit hardly by flywheel self, can design larger transmission power, obtains very powerful power performance; The ability equally also making recover kinetic energy brake becomes very powerful, and energy-saving effect significantly promotes;

(3) compared with the lithium ion battery of typical apply, the cost per unit of the flexible flywheel glass-felt plastic wheel body of the present invention program is with the obvious advantage, has the competitive power of marketing application;

(4) service life of flywheel and HET is very long.

Below technical scheme of the present invention and principle are described in detail.

A kind of engine fuel and flywheel hybrid power system that can be used for the vehicles such as car, passenger vehicle, lorry, comprise: a combustion fuel exports the driving engine of shaft work, one or two accumulated energy flywheel device, the transmission system of connecting engine, flywheel gear and main reducing gear of drive axle, and their control system etc., wherein the nucleus equipment of transmission system is monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine (HET).

Accumulated energy flywheel device is the vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device being arranged in vehicle chassis, can adopt one or two flywheel gear.Single flywheel scheme is relatively simple, can select under the condition less at flywheel energy storage capacity, gyro torque is little.Free wheels scheme relative complex, can offset gyro torque, can select under the condition pursuing high stability, high stored energy capacitance.

The specification of two flywheels of free wheels scheme is identical, is only that rotation direction is contrary.Moment direction when a pair flywheel that rotation direction is contrary produces gyro torque is also contrary, and gyro torque when these two Speed of Reaction Wheels are identical can cancel each other completely, is namely zero to the effect entirety of vehicle, only shows as a pair gyro torque and act on vehicle chassis.

Vertical shaft type flywheel has four remarkable advantages, one is be conducive to adopting the bearing assembled scheme optimized, two is be conducive to adopting wheel body flexible connecting structure, three is be conducive to the optimum layout of major diameter flywheel in vehicle, four is be conducive to reducing during vehicle travels the chance and the size that produce flywheel gyro torque, thus reduces gyro torque to the impact load of flywheel structure, bearing and vehicle chassis.

The size of flywheel gyro torque equals the product of following parameters: the sine value sin θ of Rotary Inertia of Flywheel J, flywheel spin velocity ω, vehicle movement cireular frequency Ω, ω vector and Ω vector angle θ.The direction of flywheel gyro torque vector equals ω vector and the long-pending direction of Ω vector multiplication cross, simultaneously perpendicular to ω direction vector and Ω direction vector.Vehicle movement cireular frequency Ω direction vector has three kinds of principal directions: one is vertical shaft direction, corresponding right-left turn vehicle motoring condition, and occur frequent, time length is longer, and magnitude of angular velocity is larger; Two is X directions, corresponding vehicle generation pitch rotation state, such as, in the switching section of uphill/downhill, and when crossing convex closure or pit; Three is y directions, and rollover rotary state occurs for corresponding vehicle, and such as, when turnover rolls slope road, and road conditions are jolted when causing vehicle side to turn.Vertical shaft type flywheel does not produce gyro torque when right-left turn vehicle travels.

Each vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device comprises the wheel body of rotation, a rotating shaft (51), bearing in rotating shaft, vacuum vessel housing (52), shaft centerline is perpendicular to ground, wheel body is many bodies axially symmetric structure, wheel body contains one or more quality bulk (53) and at least one supporting mass (54), these structures are disposed in order successively with the little loop type of big ring sleeve, quality bulk is positioned at outmost turns and time outer ring of rotation, supporting mass is positioned at the inner ring of quality bulk, the fiber-reinforced polymer that quality bulk is wound around by circumference is formed, adopt the flexible zona (55 of two groups of axisymmetric shape, 58) adjacent inner ring and outer ring structure body is connected, a ventricumbent end face of outer ring structure body is placed on a supine end face of inner ring structure body, two end faces are load-bearing end face pair (56), a supine end face of outer ring structure body is placed in the below of a ventricumbent end face of inner ring structure body, two end faces are the end face pair (57 limiting upwards displacement, 64), this end face pair is designed to together with central combination with load-bearing end face pair, form boss and recessinterengaging means.

For the fiber-reinforced polymer that quality bulk (53) is Wrapping formed, its fiber is unidirectional continuous fiber, the optional carbon fiber of kinds of fibers, aramid fiber, glass fibre etc., the optional high-strength glass fibre of glass fibre and E glass fibre etc., adopt Wrapping formed roving; Its poly-mer optional heat thermosetting resin and thermoplastic base resin, the optional epoxy resin of thermosetting resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenol resin, bimaleimide resin, polyimide resin, cyanate ester resin etc.Carbon fiber reinforced polymer is compared with glass fiber reinforced polymer, and its advantage is: circumference (hoop) tensile modulus of elasticity is higher, and during rotation, distortion is less; The density of composite material is less, and strength-to-density ratio is higher, and the energy storage density of unit weight is higher; Its shortcoming is: carbon fiber is expensive, and cost of product is very high; Because density is less, and the advantage of intensity and not obvious or only maintain an equal level (relative high-strength fiber glass), the energy storage density of its unit volume is lower.Therefore, adopt glass fiber reinforced polymer to have more comprehensive advantage, suitable economy of large scale application, all the more so after distortion and the large Resolving probiems of creep compliance.

Quality bulk (53) can be single, two, three etc., weigh choice from respective merits and faults and select.Select the advantage of single quality bulk to be take full advantage of high linear speed region, higher unit weight energy storage density can be obtained, but its endoporus takes up space and can not effectively utilize, cause the energy storage density of the unit volume calculated with whole equipment volume on the low side.Select the advantage of two quality bulk to be suitably make use of available space, and the quality bulk being positioned at inner ring can adopt intensity lower but the fiber that price is more honest and cleaner and resin, its shortcoming is that unit weight energy storage density is less than single quality bulk scheme.

Supporting mass (54) Main Function of wheel body is connected between quality bulk with rotating shaft, and supporting mass number depends on connection radial dimension ratio and supporting mass material kind.The fiber-reinforced polymer that the optional circumference of supporting mass material is wound around, also selective metal material, the former must adopt in the inefficient higher line velocity location of Strength of Metallic Materials.The same reason very low because of radial strength, fiber-reinforced polymer supporting mass also often has the situation of many bodies.Because linear velocity is lower than quality bulk, supporting mass fiber-reinforced polymer can select intensity lower but the fiber that price is more honest and cleaner and resin.The supporting mass of innermost circle should select metallic material, is beneficial to the connection with rotating shaft.The optional steel of supporting mass metallic material, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy etc., aluminum alloy and titanium alloy have higher strength-to-density ratio, and the external diameter of made supporting mass is comparatively large, can reduce the quantity of fiber-reinforced polymer supporting mass; Aluminum alloy also has that price is lower, the feature of lighter in weight; Steel supporting mass can double as the rotating disc of permanent magnetic attraction cod, at this moment adopt No. 45 or 40Cr steel better.

Because Wrapping formed fiber-reinforced polymer is easily pulverized as flocculence fragment when High Rotation Speed failure damage, there is good safety, therefore, the more outer circle in position, wheel body that energy storage is larger adopts fiber-reinforced polymer to have security advantages clearly.

Load-bearing end face pair (56) and restriction to the axial location of the end face pair (57,64) of top offset being good near the center of gravity of load.Two opposing end surfaces of end face pair (56,57,64) leave allowance in radial height, the radial displacement dislocation produced during to compensate rotation, make end face pair to maximum speed, remain actv. active area static.Very close to each other between two opposing end surfaces of end face pair (57), combine axial location effect with load-bearing end face pair (56), forced limit angles to misalign change, closely participate in the transmission of force and moment; Have gap between two opposing end surfaces of end face pair (64), play the position-limiting action of restriction outer ring structure body to top offset, limit angles misaligns change to a certain extent, sometimes or partly participates in the transmission of force and moment.For increasing the resistance to abrasion of the secondary contact surface of end face; increase effective area of contact; protection fiber-reinforced plastic surface; and the object such as reliability and durability and absorbing; two opposing end surface materials of end face pair (56,57,64) can adopt rubber elastic material; as adopted poly-urethane rubber, rubber end face thin plate (65) or rubber end face chunk (66) are glued together with matrix.Rubber end face chunk (66) has larger elasticity and distortion suitability, but its centrifugal load is comparatively large, should be arranged on the matrix of outer ring, adopts matrix inner hole surface carrying centrifugal load.Because the load of load-bearing end face pair (56) is larger, matrix appended by selection and Wheel structure main body are structure as a whole, guaranteed load bang path has sufficient margin of strength, and non-bearing end face pair (57,64) one end matrix adopts accessory structure, this accessory can be connected and fixed with adhesion agent and main matrix, and fitment material adopts the material same with main matrix phase.

Flexible zona (55,58) the two groups of designs connecting adjacent inner coil and outer ring structure body are comparatively applicable to the moveable type occasions such as vehicle, and better with the axial span of two groups.Often organize flexible zona to be made up of monolithic or more sheets of flexible zona, quantity depends on the consideration of the factors such as strength and stiffness.The flexible zona of every sheet all with inner ring and outer ring matrix gluing, existing directly gluing with main matrix, also have with accessory structure gluing, accessory structure is gluing with main matrix again, the material that fitment material adopts and main matrix phase is same.Installing condition can be adopted not prebend the flexible zona (55) of distortion, and be made up of two ends root and middle body portion, the root of band cap head is gluing with matrix, and body portion thickness radially convergent designs, to reduce maximum stress.Also installing condition can be adopted to have prebend the flexible zona (58) of distortion, zona part free state is in a pre-installation equal thickness flat washer shape, during installation, imposed deformation is to a side bending, distance rotating shaft zona degree of crook is remotely comparatively large, substantially stretching to zona during maximum speed in rotation.Flexible zona (55,58) material is elastomeric material, comprises elastomeric material, as poly-urethane rubber.Flexible zona (58) also can adopt the composite material of elastomeric material and radial fortifying fibre, and the fiber arranged along radial direction concentrates on center membrane face, significantly improves zona radial strength, does not affect the bending of film simultaneously, does not also reduce the elasticity of circumference.Carry out circumferential tension when flexible zona (58) is installed, increase zona internal orifice dimension to fit dimension, keep zona external diameter constant.For the flexible zona of the two group (58) between mass, optional setoff installation (the Figure 20 of the flexible zona of certain axial distance is had with location end face pair, enlarged drawing IV), Offset compensates the axial shrinkage difference of outer ring relative inner ring when rotating, and is in radial straight configuration in the hope of the zona when maximum speed.For the flexible zona of the two group (55) between mass, there is the optional inclined design of flexible zona of certain axial distance with location end face pair, be in radial straight configuration in the hope of the zona when maximum speed.

" flexibility " connection mode of the present invention program, the overbalance of each block can be compensated, significantly can reduce the requirement to dynamic balance calibration, automatically Large travel range distortion when operating and creep deformation can be adapted to, significantly can reduce the unbalance dynamic force and moment of rotary wheel countershaft effect, final reduction is to the disturbance force of bearing and vibration.

Can directly be connected between flywheel rotating shaft (51) and the supporting mass (54) of innermost circle, as circular conical surface interference connects; Also step disk (62) can be installed between, the central bore of step disk is connected with rotating shaft, and as circular conical surface interference connects, the dish body of step disk is positioned at below the supporting mass of innermost circle, therebetween install elastomeric material ring (63), the latter to be gluingly connected with the two.The object material be connected with rotating shaft interference should be taken as with rotating shaft of the same type, as being taken as steel, to make the parameter difference such as modulus of elasticity, linear expansion coefficient of the two little, being beneficial to and reducing stress in installation with during use and ensure that interference is connected.Be generally steel with the direct coupled innermost circle supporting mass of rotating shaft, its external diameter is less, and its rotor inertia is general very little.When innermost circle supporting mass aluminium alloy or titanium alloy material, its external diameter is larger, its rotor inertia is also larger, comparatively need to flexibly connect, simultaneously the problem that is connected with steel rotating shaft interference of light alloy also comparatively greatly, therefore, the steel step disk of middle transition and the structure of elastomeric material ring is adopted to be preferred solutions, elastomeric material ring wherein play simultaneously flexibly connect, load-bearing and axial location effect, its material can use elastomeric material, as poly-urethane rubber.

Vacuum vessel housing (52) is designed to the two halves structure of vertical axis subdivision, and circle flange (67) is positioned at the middle part of housing outer round surface, and flange can be positioned at outside of containers or inner side.Inside flange, design is intended to reduce realistic aerodynamic configurations size, screwde on is not established in inner flange limit, rely on the pressure compaction that container vacuum produces, when adopting this design, also set up four sections of ear flanges (74) and screwde on thereof at outside of containers corner place simultaneously, this corner location selects the place not affecting realistic aerodynamic configurations size, such as, do not affect the 45° angle orientation arranging width and length.At whole circle flange, rubber seal is set, also vacuseal grease can be set up in the outside of rubber seal, also can set up flexible metal sealing washer in the inner side of rubber seal, also can set up vacuseal grease in the outside of rubber seal and set up flexible metal sealing washer in inner side.The installation supporting portion of housing utilizes the flange exposed, and this is also the installation supporting portion of whole flywheel gear and connected structure thereof.

As the safety prevention measure increased, at outmost turns quality bulk and can set up the strong protection sleeve of pardon (68) outside it between housing, protection sleeve and housing mutually by supporting, but do not limit sleeve rotating.Protection sleeve can arrange one or more, allows to rotate freely between multiple sleeve, and two sleeves respectively have side strap end portion apron (68).

Vacuum vessel housing (52) can adopt three-layer composite structure (Figure 21, Figure 22), and interlayer is fiber-reinforced plastic, and two outer surface layers are lightweight metal material, and interlayer is connected with outer surface layer is gluing.The optional glass fibre of fortifying fibre, carbon fiber etc., use the materials such as non-unidirectional cloth fabric, Chopped fiber, felt.The optional epoxy resin of resin, unsaturated polyester resin, phenol resin etc.Interlayer can adopt sheet molding compound (SMC) to carry out forming work.The preferred aluminum or aluminum alloy of outer surface layer light-weight metal.The advantage of three-layer composite structure is: damping of vibrations is large, and intensity is high, good toughness, lightweight.

The radial support bearing of flywheel rotating shaft (51) can with two groups of antifriction-bearing boxs, also can with two radial support magnetic suspension bearings.Its axially mounting bearing adopts one group of axially mounting magnetic suspension bearing.

One group of axially mounting magnetic suspension bearing is made up of one or more bearing, for the situation that wheel body weight is very large, is suitable for adopting multiple bearing.Axially mounting magnetic suspension bearing adopts permanent magnet expulsive force formula or permanent magnetic attraction formula.

A permanent magnet expulsive force formula axially mounting magnetic suspension bearing has a rolling disc and a stationary disk, rolling disc is positioned at the top of stationary disk, an air gap is had between the sides adjacent end face of two dishes, rolling disc is rotational symmetry magnet structure, or the mixed system of rotational symmetry soft magnetic bodies and rotational symmetry permanent magnet, or rotational symmetry non-magnetizer, the mixed system of rotational symmetry soft magnetic bodies and rotational symmetry permanent magnet three, stationary disk is rotational symmetry magnet structure, or the mixed system of rotational symmetry soft magnetic bodies and rotational symmetry permanent magnet, or rotational symmetry non-magnetizer, the mixed system of rotational symmetry soft magnetic bodies and rotational symmetry permanent magnet three, the magnetic circuit that magnetizes of above-mentioned all permanent magnets is also axially symmetric structure, the magnetic pole that on two dish sides adjacent end faces, same radius place is relative is contrary, magnetic repulsion upwards acts on rolling disc, design the gravity being used for offsetting rotor.

A permanent magnetic attraction formula axially mounting magnetic suspension bearing has a rolling disc (59, 54) and one stationary disk (60, 61), rolling disc is positioned at the below of stationary disk, an air gap is had between the sides adjacent end face of two dishes, rolling disc is rotational symmetry soft magnetic bodies structure, stationary disk is rotational symmetry magnet structure, or the mixed system of rotational symmetry soft magnetic bodies and rotational symmetry permanent magnet, or rotational symmetry non-magnetizer, the mixed system of rotational symmetry soft magnetic bodies and rotational symmetry permanent magnet three, the magnetic circuit that magnetizes of above-mentioned all permanent magnets is also axially symmetric structure, magnetic attraction upwards acts on rolling disc, design the gravity being used for offsetting rotor.

Above-mentioned magneto axially mounting magnetic suspension bearing does not have magnetic hysteresis and eddy loss.Permanent magnetic attraction formula compares with permanent magnet expulsive force formula, has two large advantages: one is that rolling disc does not need to install permanent magnet, and the intensity of permanent magnet is very low; Two is that the magnetic flux density of magnetic end face can organization design comparatively large, obtains larger bearing suction with less bearing outside diameter size.

Two groups of antifriction-bearing boxs of flywheel rotating shaft (51) radial support, one group of antifriction-bearing box bears Radial load, and another group antifriction-bearing box bears Radial load and bi-directional axial load, and is axial location end.Often organize antifriction-bearing box to be made up of an antifriction-bearing box or multiple antifriction-bearing box, to meet the requirement of load and direction.Axial location end is generally positioned at upper end.When flywheel gyro torque is larger, two groups of radial protection antifriction-bearing boxs can be set up, to bear overload diametral load in short-term.

The setting position of axially mounting magnetic suspension bearing, one is that stationary disk (60) near axial location end antifriction-bearing box, and directly or indirectly can be fixedly connected with bearing seat; Two is that stationary disk (61) can be fixed on housing (52), and now, its rolling disc can be doubled as by a supporting mass (54).

When flywheel radial support adopts antifriction-bearing box, between vacuum vessel housing (52) and rotating shaft (51), magnetic fluid seal assembly is set.Magnetic fluid seal assembly and step (Figure 20) also can be set between housing lower half and rotating shaft, poted assemblies is between rotating shaft and step, the interior centre hole of housing lower half contacts with the external cylindrical surface of step and connects, and can slide by longitudinal travel, rubber seal and vacuseal grease are set between two sides.

Can install loading disc (69) in flywheel rotating shaft lower end, when filling energy to flywheel rapid loading, loading disc, for connecting loading joint and the rotating shaft of external load system, fills energy by carrying out high-power rapid loading to flywheel rotating shaft transmit machine moment of torsion.The loading power of this loading regime to each flywheel can reach a more than megawatt, and filling the energy time can be substantially suitable with automobile fuel filler.

A set of HET contains two cover rotors, a set of stator, external attached system and regulation and control system, each rotor there is the magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) of one or more axisymmetric shape, stator there is two or more direct-flow magnet exciting coil (9) be wound around around axial line (1), it is closed loop that magnetic circuit is guided by the axially symmetric structure part on rotor and stator, have two main magnetic circuits (22) at least, magnetic circuit is through rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), there is at most a main magnetic circuit (22) simultaneously through the magnetic conducting and electric conducting body of two rotors, be configured with a set of closed main current loop (23), this circuit in series connects whole rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting bodies, principal current direction on rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body and magnetic flux (Φ) direction orthogonal at meridian plane, by regulating the electric current (I1 of each excitation coil, I2, ), regulate direct current principal current (I0), the electromagnetic torque of each rotor and electromagnetic power.

HET applies the electromagnetic action principle of acyclic dc electric machine, abstractly can regard the combination of two acyclic dc electric machines as, a generating, one electronic, can exchange change power flow direction, the big current between two rotors, with the transmission of the shortest conductor path, avoids falling the outside big current loss problem of acyclic dc electric machine, make full use of the technological merit of acyclic dc electric machine simultaneously, realize function and the performance of required target.Further, due to transmission torque, power, power flow direction, turning to all can by HET regulable control, the conventional speed change driving device that made it surmount can only the limitation of " passive " transmission power, has possessed the ability controlling " initiatively " transmission power by wish.

The electromagnetic action principle of the acyclic dc electric machine that HET applies is as follows:

Produced the axisymmetrical magnetic field of single polarity by rotational symmetry annular direct-flow magnet exciting coil, its magnetic flux density B does not have circumferential component Bt, only has meridian plane component Bm, and Bm is synthesized by radial component Br and axial component Bz.Rotor has one section of rotational symmetry conductor, the magnetic field magnetic line of the close B of magnetic is through this conductor, and this conductor has linear velocity Vt, cutting magnetic line, produces the induced electric motive force E=V × BL of single polarity, bold-faced letter representative vector (lower same) wherein.E does not have circumferential component yet, only have meridian plane component Em, and the direction of Em is vertical with the direction of Bm, Em=VtBmL, and wherein, L is the rotor conductor length on Em direction.The rotor conductor at these length two ends arranges brush, draws the two poles of the earth and connect external circuit, rotor conductor just has DC current I0 pass through, when electric power generation, I0 direction is identical with the direction of electro-motive force Em, and when motor is as electrical motor, I0 direction is contrary with Em direction.

Act on electromagnetic force (Ampere force) F=I0 × BL on rotor conductor, because I0 direction is identical with Em direction or contrary, and Em direction is vertical with Bm direction, and known F only has circumferential component Ft, and Ft=I0BmL.

Through deriving, following formula can be obtained:

The electro-motive force of rotor conductor:

E＝Em＝ω·Φm/(2π)

ω is rotor velocity, and Φ m is the magnetic flow through rotor conductor, i.e. the magnetic flow of the close Bm of meridian plane component magnetic.Owing to there is leakage field phenomenon, for there being certain thickness rotor conductor, the magnetic flux of injecting belonging to the conductive surface of current boundary has difference with injection magnetic flux, and Φ m gets the two aviation value.

Electromagnetic torque suffered by rotor conductor:

Me＝-I0·Φm/(2π)

The positive dirction of torque vector Me is identical with the positive dirction of angular velocity vector ω, and the positive dirction of I0 is identical with the positive dirction of E.

The electromagnetic power that rotor conductor accepted or exported:

Pe＝Me·ω＝-E·I0＝-ω·I0·Φm/(2π)

Scalar Pe be on the occasion of or negative value time, represent rotor conductor accept or export electromagnetic power.

When the direction vector of electromagnetic torque Me is identical with the direction vector of angular velocity omega, be in electronic operating mode, represent that rotor accepts electromagnetic power Pe, then via the outside transmit machine power P m of turning cylinder.When the direction vector of Me and ω is contrary, be in generating operation mode, represent that mechanical horsepower Pm is inputted by rotary shaft end, more outwards export electromagnetic power by rotor conductor.

In transmittance process between electromagnetic power Pe and axle head mechanical horsepower Pm, there is mechanical wear, comprising: the frictional horsepower of brush, the air blast frictional horsepower of rotor, bearing friction power, rotor dynamic seal frictional horsepower.

Monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine (HET) on product of the present invention principle is the combination of two acyclic dc electric machines, has two rotors and turning cylinder thereof, has above-mentioned monopolar D. C electromagnetic action between each rotor and stator.Each rotor has the magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) that the magnetic conduction of an axisymmetric shape and electric conductivity are all good at least, material can select electromagnetic pure iron, dead-soft steel, 20# steel, 45# steel etc., is good with the higher magnetic permcability material that intensity is enough.Magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) is by the overwhelming majority of magnetic flux phi m, and the rotor electric conductor (4) of the non-magnetic material connected with it is also by a small amount of leakage magnetic flux, and this two parts magnetic flux forms magnetic flux Φ m together.The material of rotor electric conductor (4) can select copper, aluminium, copper alloy, aluminum alloy etc., can select chromium-copper (Cu-0.5Cr), cadmium copper (Cu-1Cd), zirconium copper (Cu-0.2Zr), chromium zirconium copper (Cu-0.5Cr-0.15Zr), iron copper (Cu-0.1Fe-0.03P), silver-bearing copper (Cu-0.1Ag) in copper alloy, be good with the higher electrical conductivity materials that intensity is enough.Magnetic flux Φ m and rotor velocity ω combined action, at rotor conductor (3,4) upper generation electro-motive force E.The principal current I0 that each rotor conductor (3,4) of a rotor flows through, direction is identical with the direction of its electro-motive force E, plays driving rotor effect, and I0 and the E direction of another rotor is just contrary, plays passive rotor effect.The size of the principal current I0 value of main current loop, in accordance with Ohm's law, the difference equaling driving rotor each conductor electro-motive force E sum and passive rotor each conductor electro-motive force E sum again with the ratio of main current loop resistance R0.Magnetic flux Φ m and principal current I0 combined action, produce electromagnetic torque Me to rotor conductor (3,4), the direction of this torque vector, contrary with its ω direction vector on driving rotor, identical with its ω direction vector on passive rotor.Cause electromagnetic power Pe to transmit from driving rotor to passive rotor thus, driving rotor electromagnetic power is greater than passive rotor electromagnetic power, and the two difference equals ohm waste of heat power of main current loop, and namely I0's is square long-pending with R0.Driving rotor and passive rotor can exchange role, thus power flow direction generation is turned.

HET stator have two direct-flow magnet exciting coils (9) be wound around around axial line (1) at least.HET has two main magnetic circuits (22) at least.So-called " main magnetic circuit " refers to the closed magnetic circuit that the magnetic resistance around excitation coil is minimum, is different from the secondary branch magnetic circuit in multipath permeability magnetic material structure in parallel.It is closed loop that magnetic circuit is guided by the axially symmetric structure part on rotor and stator, and in loop except the narrow slit air gap between rotor and stator, all the other framing members are permeability magnetic material.In these framing members, rotating shaft (2) and rotor magnetizer (14) optional electromagnetic pure iron, dead-soft steel, 20# steel, 45# steel etc., stator magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (7,17,18) and stator magnetizer (10,20,21) optional electromagnetic pure iron, dead-soft steel etc., be good with the higher magnetic permcability material that intensity is enough, its conductivity of material that permeability is higher is also higher.

When HET two rotor You Dui mono-road excitation sources shared, namely occur that a main magnetic circuit (22) is simultaneously through the situation (as Fig. 2 and Fig. 3) of the magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) of two rotors.At this moment, through two the rotor adjacently situated surfaces sharing main flux, can be perpendicular end surface, can be circular conical surface (Fig. 2), can be the face of cylinder (Fig. 3).The two rotor axial magnetic attractions that these three kinds of structures produce are different, and the axial magnetic suction of perpendicular end surface structure is maximum, the face of cylinder very little, circular conical surface between therebetween, the size of axial magnetic suction can be adjusted by changing cone angle.

Overlap on rotor and stator at HET two, be configured with the main current loop (23) that a set of series connection is closed, this loop is made up of three kinds of circuit connecting units of different nature: solid structure part, conduction coupling link between rotor and stator, without relative velocity (coexist on a rotor, or coexist on stator) solid structure part between conduction coupling link.

Rotor solid structure part in main current loop, comprises rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) and rotor electric conductor (4).Also the rotating shaft (2) adjacent with the former two can be made to participate in conduct electricity, now rotating shaft (2) is electric conductivity with the contact surface of the former two, and even rotating shaft (2) and magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) are designed to one.It is both advantageous and disadvantageous that conduction is participated in rotating shaft (2), and advantage is that resistance reduces, and shortcoming is that turning cylinder is charged, and increases the magnetic resistance of excitation.

Stator solid structure part in main current loop, comprise: the stator electric conductor (6 be connected with rotor direct conduction, 11), stator magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (7,17,18), electric conductor (8) in the middle of stator, electric conductor (16) is drawn outside stator, and external circuit conductor.Electric conductor (6,8,11,16) and external circuit conductor can select the high conductivity material such as copper, aluminium.

Without relative velocity solid structure part between conduction connect, can conductive adhesive be used, can the joint filling of solid softer metals be used, can filling liquid metal, also directly can contact conduction.The scheme of filling liquid metal is at electric conductivity and allow to have advantage in seam dislocation distortion.

Conduction between rotor with stator is connected (5), adopt liquid metal as conductive media, optional liquid metal comprises: Na-K alloy is (if sodium potassium ratio is 22: 78, solidfying point-11 DEG C, distillation point 784 DEG C), gallium (solidfying point 29.9 DEG C), gallium-indium alloy is (if gallium indium ratio is 75: 25, solidfying point 15.7 DEG C), and gallium-indium-tin alloy (if gallium indium tin ratio is 62: 25: 13, solidfying point about 5 DEG C; Ratio is 62.5: 21.5: 16, solidfying point 10.7 DEG C; Ratio is 69.8: 17.6: 12.5, solidfying point 10.8 DEG C), mercury (solidfying point-39 DEG C, distillation point 357 DEG C) etc.The contact resistance of metal liquid circuit side connector case is little, frictional loss is low, can circulate liquid metal to take away heat.

Main flux air gap surface between HET rotor and stator, be designed to the rotational symmetry face of cylinder (axial plane type), axial plane type does not produce axial magnetic suction.

By the magnetic flux of each rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), have single magnetic flux scheme and two magnetic flux scheme, the latter is by two-way excitation source excitation, and electro-motive force doubles.The two magnetic flux scheme of axial plane type make use of the two-sided magnetic conduction passage of rotating shaft (2), slender construction.Structure tends to elongated design and also comprises: reduce excitation coil radius of central line, makes coil convergence shaft centerline.This axial ray ring design scheme also can reduce the copper material or aluminium that excitation coil consumes.

The rotating shaft (2) of axial plane type scheme, can be designed as solid axle, also can be designed as hollow shaft.In identical spindle outer diameter situation, the magnetic conduction ability of solid axle is maximum., liquid metal " brush " linear velocity lower at rotating speed is not limited, it is comparatively large that spindle outer diameter can design, and pivot design is hollow shaft, and the structure consumptive material of this scheme is less, lighter in weight.

Under general application scenario, HET rotor at inner ring, stator in outer ring, i.e. inner-rotor type structure.

The rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) of axial plane type, inner-rotor type scheme and the surface that connects of rotor electric conductor (4), can be until the overall height disc face of the two external diameter, also can be that the disc face of non-full height adds the face of cylinder, namely rotor electric conductor be non-fully high type (Figure 13).During, overall height type rotor electric conductor undercapacity higher at rotating speed, adopt the design of non-fully high type.

Distinguish from the distance and bearing relation difference between HET two rotors, there are concentrated and divergence type two kinds of structures.Two rotor axis lines of concentrated overlap, and two rotors are adjacent to each other, and power circuit is shorter.Two rotors of divergence type are arranged apart, respectively have independently stator, have and outreach conductor propagation principal current.The power circuit resistance of concentrated is less, consumptive material and weight less, but disturb comparatively large between excitation, be unfavorable for independently regulating excitation, its rotor bearing is also not easily arranged.The flexible arrangement of divergence type, is beneficial to and independently regulates excitation, but power circuit resistance is comparatively large, circuit consumptive material and weight more.

Divergence type has two HET half couples, has therebetween and outreaches conductor, to form a set of principal current C/LOOP.Connect with external terminal (16, Fig. 7 to Figure 12, Figure 15, Figure 16) and outreach conductor.Outreach conductor and can adopt multiple coaxial conductor, have coaxial mandrel and sleeve, mandrel and the sleeve principal current that transmission direction is contrary respectively, size is identical, the gap of mandrel and sleeve can pass to cooling media and dispel the heat.Outreach conductor and also can adopt mixing flexible cable, namely the little wire diameter wire of One's name is legion is adopted, the two line conductor mutual insulating ground evenly mixings that direction of current is contrary, can be additional sleeved at bundle conductor, and sealed guide turnover two ends, in sleeve, pass to cooling media heat radiation.The feature that little wire diameter wire has softness, easily arranges, little wire diameter wire can with terminal brazing, the connection of little wire diameter wire and external terminal (16) can be adopted soldering or be connected by middle transition terminal.

The single rotor of divergence type, can be designed as and have a rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), can be designed as and have multiple rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body.This multiple rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body adopts and is connected in series, and is called multilevel series connection type.Adopt the multilevel series connection type that external terminal (16) and external conductor are connected in series multiple rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body, be called multistage outer series connection (Figure 10, Figure 11), in such cases, two magnetic conducting and electric conducting bodies that are adjacent, serial connection have sharing a main flux.Adopt the multilevel series connection type that the inner conductor near rotating shaft is connected in series multiple rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body, be called multilevel inner series (Figure 12), in such cases, each main flux extends only through a rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body.

Adopt external terminal (16) to connect the divergence type outreaching conductor, two HET half couple can be matched arbitrarily, need not be identical type.

Metal liquid circuit connection area (5) structure design between HET rotor and stator is: space, bonding pad seam shape axisymmetricly, the radius in its stage casing is greater than both sides radius, corresponding maximum radius position, stage casing, at stator electric conductor (6,11) on, have axisymmetric, with the branch slot (25) of above-mentioned gap area.Narrower gap is beneficial to reduces resistance and tissue flowing.Stage casing radius is greater than the structure of both sides radius, be beneficial to when rotated contain metal liquid not unsceptered.The branch slot of corresponding maximum radius position, stage casing, for filling metal liquid, regaining metal liquid, recycle metal liquid (needing the participation of the second branch slot (26)).When circuit connection area metal liquid frictional heating amount is little, and when not needing the conduction of this place's metal liquid burden rotor conductor electric current ohm heat to fall apart outward, not carrying out circulating of metal liquid is possibility, at this moment only can establish branch slot (25).

Second branch slot (26) is as the feed pathway circulating metal liquid, and branch slot (25) is as liquid outlet channel.When feed pathway (26,29) when higher, the thermal flow of near zone temperature is larger, for avoiding metal liquid in feed pathway before arrival circuit connection area prematurely by heat temperature raising, heat insulation gap (31) is set hereby, and is connected with the air gap between dynamic and static.The provision for thermal insulation of feed liquor also comprises the heat insulation air gap of feed liquor associated conduit (30).

The even dispensing buffer zone interstitial channels (27 be connected respectively with branch slot (25) and the second branch slot (26) is set, 29), the narrow end of this passage and gap (25,26) be connected, wide end and several circumferentially uniform pipe (28,30) leading to external attached system are connected.The buffer zone of this wedge-shaped design is used for the flowing of the even feed liquor of circumferential asymmetry of pipe (30) being adjusted in the even feed liquor flowing of the circumference of gap (26) as far as possible, and the even fluid of circumference that the even fluid of circumferential asymmetry of pipe (28) is flowed does not affect gap (25) as far as possible flows.

At the two ends of HET metal liquid circuit connection area (5), at stator electric conductor (6,11) on, have groove (32) that is axisymmetric, that be communicated with gap (5), install the annular sebific duct (33) of sealing in groove, have a breather pipe (34) to be communicated with sebific duct, breather pipe is through stator electric conductor (6,11), breather pipe and external attached system connectivity.By regulating the gas pressure intensity in sealed rubber pipe (33), the expansion of controlled glue pipe and contraction, thus controlling contact condition and the released state of sebific duct outer wall and rotor wall, realizing the sealing to gap, circuit connection area (5).When sealing is used for filling metal liquid keep pull of vacuum and maintain liquid boundary, without rotating speed or rotating speed lower time sealing also can be used as special liquid Conservation measures.

On HET stator electric conductor (6,11), in the two ends of circuit connection area (5), near sebific duct (33) part, respectively have an air extractor vent (35), be communicated to external attached system.When initial added metal liquid assembled by machine, first the whole chamber be connected with circuit connection area (5) and pipeline are vacuumized, again to sealed rubber pipe (33) pressurising, sebific duct outer wall is sealed with rotor wall contact, continue to keep the vacuum pumping to two air extractor vents (35), simultaneously, from exterior line injects liquid, carry out according to serial transmission line order, metal liquid is filled to the vacuum chamber be connected with circuit connection area, the effect of application vacuum draw, makes metal liquid be full of the space sealed by sebific duct (33).To the lasting vacuum pumping of two air extractor vents (35), maintain the degree of vacuum in metal liquid injection process, ensure that metal liquid arrives the two ends of circuit connection area.From exterior line injects metal liquid, carry out according to serial transmission line order, its objective is and drive all gas out of, do not leave closed gas dead band.Two air extractor vents should be that metal liquid finally arrives part, when metal liquid appears in the exterior line of certain air extractor vent, clearly can judge that metal liquid has arrived this end of circuit connection area.

In HET external attached system, arrange a liquid metal volume adjustment valve, the volume adjustable chamber of this valve communicates with circuit connection area (5).When needing the metal liquid capacity changing circuit connection area, adjust the volume of this valve.Volume adjustment valve can adopt piston structure, piston structure, membrane configuration.

Circulating of HET metal liquid is driven by the fluid circulation pump be arranged in external attached system, and this pump can adopt centrifugal pump, axial-flow pump, mixed flow pump, gear type pump, screw pump, electro-magnetic pump etc., and the flow of this pump should regulate.The main purpose circulated takes away taken heat, play cooling effect, in addition also can solid impurities in filtering metal liquid and bubble of taking, reduce the wearing and tearing of circuit connection area solid wall surface, eliminate the adverse effect (as cumulative volume increase, electrical and thermal conductivity reduction, flowing easily occur instability) being involved in bubble in flowing.Metal liquid circulating in circuit connection area, the particularly feed liquor flowing of the second branch slot (26), be very beneficial for the stabilizing tissue of flowing in circuit connection area, namely liquid is kept not to be separated with stable contact of rotating wall, keep stable not the channeling bit in liquid regions border to put, there is the self-defense capability of certain opposing external forces.

The surface heat exchanging formula radiator of the cooling circulation flowing metal liquid arranged in HET external attached system, can directly by extraneous air or water cooling, also intermediate medium (as capacitor oil) can be adopted to cool in advance, then be circulated to by intermediate medium in the centralized heat exchanger separately established and finally cooled by extraneous air or water.Insulation is needed between liquid metal due to each circulation path with different electromotive force, consider liquid metal need with extraneous air particularly water strictly isolate, adopt chemically inert capacitor oil (as transformer Cooling oil) as intermediate medium, and adopt outside separately to establish the centralized heat exchanger of secondary, should be one preferably corresponding scheme.

The solid impurities filter of the liquid metal circular flow hydrodynamic arranged in HET external attached system and bubble stripper, can adopt powder metallurgy porous material, and its material can use nickel, bronze, corrosion-resistant steel etc.

For HET liquid metal circuit connection area, need to isolate outside air, therefore the hermetically-sealed construction for separate cavities is set, comprising movable sealing structure, and separate cavities is vacuumized and fills unreactable gas.Unreactable gas can be nitrogen or helium, and nitrogen is inexpensive, leakage is slow, but comparatively large with the gas friction resistance of rotor, and helium feature is contrary with nitrogen.Dynamic seal can adopt magnetic fluid seal structure.Now, the bearing of supporting rotor is arranged on outside separate cavities, with contacting external air, one is avoid bearing oil or fat to evaporate in separate cavities, and two is ensure that antifriction-bearing box works in air atmosphere (under vacuum, non-air, non-oxidizing atmosphere antifriction-bearing box wearing and tearing aggravation).

On the rotor of liquid metal circuit connection area (5), stator wall, wear-resisting, conductive surface layer can be processed with.Superficial layer can be hard chromium plating, plating is firmly silver-colored, plate hard gold, silver-plated antimony alloy, gold-plated cobalt alloy, gold-plated nickel alloy, gold-plated antimony alloy, gold-carbonized tungsten composite coating, gold-boron nitride composite coating, chemical nickeling phosphorus alloy film, chemical nickel boron alloy cladding, chemical plating nickel-phosphorus alloy-SiC composite coat, chemical plating nickel-phosphorus alloy-diamond composite deposite, chemical nickel boron alloy-diamond composite deposite.

Liquid metal circuit connection area can arrange the sensitive member detecting metal liquid liquid level, that is: at the stator electric conductor (6 at circuit connection area (5) passage two ends, 11), on wall, be inlaid with the rectangular thin sheet-like element of resistance material, leement duration axis is in meridian plane, an interarea of element flushes with channel wall, naked, another interarea and four limits are in groove, and surface is by with insulating material, element two ends are connected with wire, and wire leads to external attached system.Sensitive member resistance material requires as far as possible high electrical resistivity, and can adopt resistance alloy, brush electrical carbon material, brush electrical carbon material can select retinite ink, electrographite, metallic graphite carbon, native graphite.

Have with metal liquid the object materials contacted, should not plastics be used, during application of rubber material, should viton be selected.The object of viton can be selected to comprise: sealed rubber pipe (33), the liquid metal seam end seal in main current loop between adjacent conductor, have with metal liquid the structure mid-separate surface seal glue contacted.

According to single flywheel and free wheels point, concentrated and divergence type HET point, two-wheeled and four wheel drive point, dividing of direct four-wheel and transfer four wheel drive, the present invention program gives the power system that following 12 clocks segment and forms:

The universal description part of single flywheel, concentrated HET structure: adopt an accumulated energy flywheel device and two concentrated HET, a HET (being denoted as HET1) is positioned at flywheel end, its input end rotor and flywheel share a rotating shaft, another HET (being denoted as HET3) is positioned at engine end, its input end rotor is connected with the output shaft of driving engine, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, its mouth rotor is connected with take-off (propeller) shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 3) by a power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 3);

(1) single flywheel, concentrated HET, two-wheel drive structure: at " single flywheel, the universal description part of concentrated HET structure " after explanation: the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET1, be provided with bevel-gear sett, a finishing bevel gear cuter and this rotating shaft direct connection, another finishing bevel gear cuter is connected with main reducing gear of drive axle with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 1) by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) successively, or power-transfer clutch 1 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between main reduction gear or step change compares retarder, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, be connected by one group of gear between transmission shaft 1 with transmission shaft 3,

(2) single flywheel, concentrated HET, four wheel drive structure with transfer: at " single flywheel, the universal description part of concentrated HET structure " after explanation: the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET1, be provided with bevel-gear sett, a finishing bevel gear cuter and this rotating shaft direct connection, another finishing bevel gear cuter is connected with the part-time case or interaxle differential distributing antero posterior axis propulsive effort with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 1) by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) successively, or power-transfer clutch 1 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between part-time case or interaxle differential or step change compares retarder, part-time case or interaxle differential are connected with former and later two main reducing gear of drive axles again, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, be connected by one group of gear between transmission shaft 1 with transmission shaft 3,

(3) single flywheel, concentrated HET, direct four wheel drive structure: at " single flywheel, the universal description part of concentrated HET structure " after explanation: the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET1, be provided with trident bevel gear set, comprise a vertical shaft drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differentials, drive bevel gear and this rotating shaft direct connection, a driven wheel of differential is connected with the main reduction gear of a drive axle with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 1) by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) successively, or power-transfer clutch 1 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between main reduction gear or step change compares retarder, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, another driven wheel of differential is successively by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 2), interaxle differential is connected with the main reduction gear of another drive axle with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 2), or power-transfer clutch 2 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between main reduction gear or step change compares retarder, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, be connected by one group of gear between transmission shaft 1 with transmission shaft 3,

Free wheels, the universal description part of concentrated HET structure: the accumulated energy flywheel device adopting two rotation directions contrary and three concentrated HET, first HET (being denoted as HET1) is positioned at a flywheel end, second HET (being denoted as HET2) is positioned at another flywheel end, the flywheel that the input end rotor of HET1 and HET2 is all corresponding with it shares a rotating shaft, 3rd HET (being denoted as HET3) is positioned at engine end, its input end rotor is connected with the output shaft of driving engine, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, its mouth rotor is connected with take-off (propeller) shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 3) by a power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 3),

(4) free wheels, concentrated HET, two-wheel drive structure: at " free wheels, the universal description part of concentrated HET structure " after explanation: the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET1 is provided with trident bevel gear set (containing a vertical shaft drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differentials), drive bevel gear wherein and this rotating shaft direct connection, the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET2 is provided with bevel-gear sett, one of them finishing bevel gear cuter and this rotating shaft direct connection, another finishing bevel gear cuter is wherein connected by a universal drive shaft with a driven wheel of differential of trident bevel gear set, another driven wheel of differential of trident bevel gear set is connected with main reducing gear of drive axle with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 1) by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) successively, or power-transfer clutch 1 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between main reduction gear or step change compares retarder, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, be connected by one group of gear between transmission shaft 1 with transmission shaft 3,

(5) free wheels, concentrated HET, four wheel drive structure with transfer: at " free wheels, the universal description part of concentrated HET structure " after explanation: the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET1 is provided with trident bevel gear set (containing a vertical shaft drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differentials), drive bevel gear wherein and this rotating shaft direct connection, the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET2 is provided with bevel-gear sett, one of them finishing bevel gear cuter and this rotating shaft direct connection, another finishing bevel gear cuter is wherein connected by a universal drive shaft with a driven wheel of differential of trident bevel gear set, another driven wheel of differential of trident bevel gear set is connected with the part-time case or interaxle differential distributing antero posterior axis propulsive effort with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 1) by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) successively, or power-transfer clutch 1 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between part-time case or interaxle differential or step change compares retarder, part-time case or interaxle differential are connected with former and later two main reducing gear of drive axles again, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, be connected by one group of gear between transmission shaft 1 with transmission shaft 3,

(6) free wheels, concentrated HET, direct four wheel drive structure: at " free wheels, the universal description part of concentrated HET structure " after explanation: the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET1 and HET2 is provided with trident bevel gear set (containing a vertical shaft drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differentials), two drive bevel gear difference direct connections are in two above-mentioned rotating shafts, each driven wheel of differential above HET1 with HET2 is connected by a universal drive shaft, another driven wheel of differential above HET1 is connected with the main reduction gear of a drive axle with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 1) by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) successively, or power-transfer clutch 1 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between main reduction gear or step change compares retarder, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, another driven wheel of differential above HET2 is successively by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 2), interaxle differential is connected with the main reduction gear of another drive axle with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 2), or power-transfer clutch 2 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between main reduction gear or step change compares retarder, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, be connected by one group of gear between transmission shaft 1 with transmission shaft 3,

(7) single flywheel, divergence type HET, two-wheel drive structure: adopt an accumulated energy flywheel device and one and half divergence type HET (containing three HET half couples), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with flywheel, the rotating shaft of second half couple (being denoted as HETh12) is connected with main reducing gear of drive axle, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh3) is connected with engine output shaft, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, the power circuit of three HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP, the maximum electro-motive force of design can choosing HETh11 and HETh12 during design offsets,

(8) single flywheel, divergence type HET, four wheel drive structure with transfer: adopt an accumulated energy flywheel device and one and half divergence type HET (containing three HET half couples), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with flywheel, the rotating shaft of second half couple (being denoted as HETh12) is connected with the part-time case or interaxle differential distributing antero posterior axis propulsive effort, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, part-time case or interaxle differential are connected with former and later two main reducing gear of drive axles again, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh3) is connected with engine output shaft, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, the power circuit of three HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP, the maximum electro-motive force of design can choosing HETh11 and HETh12 during design offsets,

(9) single flywheel, divergence type HET, direct four wheel drive structure: adopt an accumulated energy flywheel device and two divergence type HET (containing four HET half couples), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with flywheel, the rotating shaft of second half couple (being denoted as HETh12) is connected with the main reduction gear of a drive axle, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh22) is connected with the main reduction gear of another drive axle, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 4th half couple (being denoted as HETh3) is connected with engine output shaft, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, the power circuit of four HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP, the design maximum electro-motive force sum that flywheel side HETh11 designs maximum electro-motive force and two wheel side HETh12 and HETh22 can be chosen during design offset, generally get two wheel side HETh12 identical with the maximum electro-motive force of the design of HETh22, design maximum speed is also identical,

(10) free wheels, divergence type HET, two-wheel drive structure: the accumulated energy flywheel device adopting two rotation directions contrary and two divergence type HET (containing four HET half couples), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with a flywheel, second half couple (being denoted as HETh21) shares a rotating shaft with another flywheel, the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh12) is connected with main reducing gear of drive axle, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 4th half couple (being denoted as HETh3) is connected with engine output shaft, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, the power circuit of four HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP, optionally during design get the maximum electro-motive force sum of design that wheel side HETh12 designs maximum electro-motive force and two flywheel side HETh11 and HETh21 and offset, usually the maximum electro-motive force of design getting two flywheel side HETh11 with HETh21 is identical, and design maximum speed is also identical,

(11) free wheels, divergence type HET, four wheel drive structure with transfer: the accumulated energy flywheel device adopting two rotation directions contrary and two divergence type HET (containing four HET half couples), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with a flywheel, second half couple (being denoted as HETh21) shares a rotating shaft with another flywheel, the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh12) is connected with the part-time case or interaxle differential distributing antero posterior axis propulsive effort, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, part-time case or interaxle differential are connected with former and later two main reducing gear of drive axles again, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 4th half couple (being denoted as HETh3) is connected with engine output shaft, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, the power circuit of four HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP, optionally during design get the maximum electro-motive force sum of design that wheel side HETh12 designs maximum electro-motive force and two flywheel side HETh11 and HETh21 and offset, usually the maximum electro-motive force of design getting two flywheel side HETh11 with HETh21 is identical, and design maximum speed is also identical,

(12) free wheels, divergence type HET, direct four wheel drive structure: the accumulated energy flywheel device adopting two rotation directions contrary and the release HET of two near points (containing five HET half couples), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with a flywheel, second half couple (being denoted as HETh21) shares a rotating shaft with another flywheel, the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh12) is connected with the main reduction gear of a drive axle, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 4th half couple (being denoted as HETh22) is connected with the main reduction gear of another drive axle, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 5th half couple (being denoted as HETh3) is connected with engine output shaft, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, the power circuit of five HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP, the design maximum electro-motive force sum that two wheel side HETh12 and HETh22 design maximum electro-motive force sum and two flywheel side HETh11 and HETh21 can be chosen during design offset, generally get two wheel side HETh12 identical with the maximum electro-motive force of the design of HETh22, design maximum speed is also identical, usually the maximum electro-motive force of design getting two flywheel side HETh11 with HETh21 is identical, and design maximum speed is also identical.

Fixed speed ratio retarder or mechanical drive comprise the forms such as gear, band, chain, worm drive.Generally gear system is used at this.

Above-mentioned " input shaft " and " output shaft " refer to define name when driving vehicle movement, and when poower flow is reverse, each s function is exchanged.

During vehicle immobilization, available Foreign power supply carries out plug-in to flywheel and fills and can or unload, and available engine fills energy to flywheel.When vehicle travels, flywheel and driving engine have following five kinds of poower flow combinations of states: fly wd vehicle (move ahead or move backward); Motor-powered vehicle (move ahead or move backward), and fill energy to flywheel simultaneously; Driving engine and flywheel drive vehicle (move ahead or move backward) simultaneously; Flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle (move ahead or move backward); Flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle (move ahead or move backward), driving engine fills energy to flywheel simultaneously.

Sub-structure is planted for above-mentioned (1), (2), (4), (5), drive or recover kinetic energy abrupt deceleration vehicle time, engaging clutch 1; When driving engine runs, engaging clutch 3; When driving engine does not run, holdback clutch 3; To flywheel carry out plug-in fill can or unloading time, braking by hand brake vehicle, engaging clutch 1, holdback clutch 3; When being loaded to flywheel by driving engine under suspended state, braking by hand brake vehicle, holdback clutch 1, engaging clutch 3.

For above-mentioned (3), (6) plant sub-structure, drive or recover kinetic energy abrupt deceleration vehicle time, engaging clutch 1 and power-transfer clutch 2; When driving engine runs, engaging clutch 3; When driving engine does not run, holdback clutch 3; To flywheel carry out plug-in fill can or unloading time, braking by hand brake vehicle, engaging clutch 1 and power-transfer clutch 2, holdback clutch 3; When being loaded to flywheel by driving engine under suspended state, braking by hand brake vehicle, holdback clutch 1 and power-transfer clutch 2, engaging clutch 3.

Sub-structure is planted to (12) for above-mentioned (7), when flywheel is carried out plug-in fill can or unloading time, connect the circuit connection area (5) of this flywheel end half couple, disconnect circuit connection area (5) and the exciting current circuit of other half couple, connect external power supply; When being loaded to flywheel by driving engine under suspended state, braking by hand brake vehicle, disconnecting external power supply, connects the circuit connection area (5) of whole half couple, disconnects the exciting current circuit of other half couple except this flywheel end half couple and engine side half couple.

Fill for carrying out plug-in to flywheel the external power supply that can or unload, be the tunable voltage dc power supply equipment connecting grid alternating current, this equipment can be arranged in vehicle, or is arranged in plug-in place.

For concentrated HET, often overlap terminal (16) (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Figure 18) that HET can arrange two row external direct current power supplies, connect the principal current circuit comprising rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body, and liquid metal change-over swith (15) is set, for liquid of finding time before external source, disconnect original main current loop, in order to realization (difference), plug-in is carried out to each flywheel and fill and can or unload.Carry out plug-in fill can time, vehicle braking by hand brake, disconnect liquid metal change-over swith (15), connect each circuit connection area (5), connecting makes HET flywheel end rotor flux reach the associated excitation coil of maxim, and maintain maximum exciting current always, regulate direct current power source voltage size equal with HET flywheel end rotor motor-driven gesture, direction in contrast, principal current circuit and direct supply are connected, heighten direct current power source voltage to reaching the specified limit value of plug-in principal current or plug-in power rating limit value, fill lasting adjustment in energy boosting velocity procedure at flywheel and heighten direct current power source voltage, keep plug-in principal current and/or the plug-in power of specified limit value, current limit is front, Power Limitation is rear, Power Limitation is only had when Speed of Reaction Wheels starting point is higher, at the end of filling energy, first turn down direct current power source voltage to obtaining zero current, principal current circuit and direct supply disconnect, and cancel HET excitation.When carrying out plug-in unloading, set up procedure is the same, and direction of current is contrary, and operating sequence is contrary, namely turns down direct current power source voltage to reaching plug-in unloading power rating limit value or the specified limit value of plug-in unloading principal current.This plug-in fill can or unloading be applicable to low-power applications situation, such as domestic power supply, community's power supply, trickle charge and put slowly.

For divergence type HET, outreach on conductor in each flywheel axle head HET half couple, in parallel can pick out the wire connecting external dc power, plug-in is carried out to each flywheel fill in order to realize (difference) and can or unload.Carry out plug-in fill can time, disconnect the circuit connection area (5) of non-flywheel axle head HET half couple, connect the circuit connection area (5) of flywheel axle head half couple, connecting makes HET flywheel end rotor flux reach the associated excitation coil of maxim, and maintain maximum exciting current always, regulate direct current power source voltage size equal with HET flywheel end rotor motor-driven gesture, direction in contrast, principal current circuit and direct supply are connected, heighten direct current power source voltage to reaching the specified limit value of plug-in principal current or plug-in power rating limit value, fill lasting adjustment in energy boosting velocity procedure at flywheel and heighten direct current power source voltage, keep plug-in principal current and/or the plug-in power of specified limit value, current limit is front, Power Limitation is rear, Power Limitation is only had when Speed of Reaction Wheels starting point is higher, at the end of filling energy, first turn down direct current power source voltage to obtaining zero current, principal current circuit and direct supply disconnect, and cancel HET excitation.When carrying out plug-in unloading, set up procedure is the same, and direction of current is contrary, and operating sequence is contrary, namely turns down direct current power source voltage to reaching plug-in unloading power rating limit value or the specified limit value of plug-in unloading principal current.This plug-in is filled can or unload and is applicable to low-power applications situation.

For ease of understanding and describing the adjustment control method for HET hereafter, first carry out following vocabulary of terms explanation and related description.

The excitation coil of each HET has n, and each circle DC current sum of each coil is denoted as Ii, i=1,2 ..., n, n are minimum is 2.Excitation coil electric current is circumferential flow.The number of turn of each coil is denoted as Zi, and the resistance of each coil is denoted as Ri, ohm thermal power Poi=(Ii/Zi) (Ii/Zi) Ri of each coil.

The DC current of main current loop is denoted as I0.Principal current flows in meridian plane, does not have circumferential component.Meridian plane is any plane comprising axial line.

A rotor has k magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), its sequence number is denoted as j, j=1, and 2 ..., k, k are minimum is 1.The two ends of each magnetic conducting and electric conducting body have electric conductor (4) to connect with it usually, the epitrochanterian one section of independently power circuit of a magnetic conducting and electric conducting body and two ends electric conductor composition place thereof, magnetic flux through this circuit surface of revolution is denoted as Φ mj, and its meaning is the magnetic flux phi m through rotor conductor described in " the electromagnetic action principle of acyclic dc electric machine " saves.An epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution equals k Φ mj sum, is denoted as ∑ Φ r, r=1,2 (rotor 1 of corresponding single HET and rotors 2).Each corresponding Φ mj of an epitrochanterian series connection power circuit should have identical direction usually, in particular cases makes an exception, and at this moment tackles rightabout Φ mj and to subtract calculating.

Magnetic flux Φ mj is encouraged by excitation coil and produces, the incentive action of main excitation coil to Φ mj near same main magnetic circuit (22) is maximum, other excitation coil has impact in various degree to Φ mj, other excitation coils belonging to a rotor have considerable influence because structure is close and communicate, there is the impact of the excitation coil of two rotors of shared magnetic flux also larger, also have leakage field to affect without the concentrated structure different rotor excitation coil sharing magnetic flux, the impact of the different rotor excitation coil of separation-type structure can be ignored.

Principal current in main current loop produces the close Bt of circumferential magnetic, and this magnetic field is positioned at the rotational symmetry endless tube surrounded by main current loop conductor outside surfaces.This Circumferential field must through certain or certain the several magnetizer on main magnetic circuit, synthesizes a larger total magnetic close vector B with the close Bm of magnetic in the meridian plane direction of being encouraged by excitation source herein.Because the curve of magnetization (relation curve of magnetic flux density B and magnetic-field intensity H) of soft-magnetic material magnetizer is nonlinear, the close Bt of circumferential magnetic adds, and the magnetic-field intensity Hm of the close Bm of generation same magnetic is compared when Bt is zero to be increased.Visible, the Circumferential field that principal current produces weakens and reduces the magnetic property of magnetic circuit, thus each Φ mj value of remote effect.

When running use, be relevant excitation coil electric current and principal current to the influential variable factor of Φ mj value.In addition, magnetic circuit magnetizer temperature traverse has impact to magneto-conductivity, and magnetic air gap change has impact to magnetic resistance, but these effects are very weak.

The electromagnetic laws formula of the series connection main current loop of single HET hereinafter described comprises:

The electro-motive force of rotor 1:

E1＝ω1·∑Φ1/(2π)(1)

The electro-motive force of rotor 2:

E2＝ω2·∑Φ2/(2π)(2)

The electro-motive force sum of main current loop:

∑E＝E1+E2(3)

Principal current:

I0＝∑E/R0(4)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by rotor 1:

Me1＝-I0·∑Φ1/(2π)(5)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by rotor 2:

Me2＝-I0·∑Φ2/(2π)(6)

Wherein, R0 is the all-in resistance of main current loop, comprises circuit solid resistance, the Contact of solid or coupling link resistance, brush resistance.During brush use liquid metal, the size of state on R0 value of circuit connection area (5) metal liquid has impact.Temperature has impact to resistivity of material.Described circuit connection area metal liquid state is designated as MLS, is described, or described by liquid capacity and center parameter by the left and right boundary position parameter of liquid.

Above-mentioned each amount except R0 all has directivity, have on the occasion of or negative value.Directional reference is chosen for: during design point, and the direction vector of the angular velocity omega 1 of driving rotor 1 is chosen to be ω vector positive dirction, and the direction of magnetic flux ∑ Φ 1 is chosen to be ∑ Φ positive dirction, and the direction of E1 is chosen to be E positive dirction.The positive dirction of I0 is identical with E positive dirction, and the vector positive dirction of Me is identical with ω vector positive dirction.E1 design point have positive dirction and on the occasion of, but can be negative value in other operation points.The direction of E2 and E1 is contrary all the time, to form the relation of imput shaft and driven axle.As ∑ E > 0, the direction of I0 is just, as ∑ E < 0, the direction of I0 is negative.When the direction vector of the electromagnetic torque Me of a rotor is identical with the direction vector of angular velocity omega (two parameter is all on the occasion of or is all negative value), represent that this rotor accepts electromagnetic power (Pe value is just), this rotating shaft shows as driven axle.When the direction vector of the electromagnetic torque Me of a rotor is contrary with the direction vector of angular velocity omega, represent that this rotor exports electromagnetic power (Pe value is negative), this rotating shaft shows as imput shaft.

Ignore the impact of the secondary causes such as temperature, the ∑ Φ 1 of the series connection power circuit of single HET and ∑ Φ 2 can be expressed as the absolute value of principal current I0 when running and using | the function of I0| and associated excitation coil current:

∑Φ1＝Ff1(|I0|，Ir11，Ir12，…，Ir1n)(7)

∑Φ2＝Ff2(|I0|，Ir21，Ir22，…，Ir2n)(8)

Wherein, Ir11, Ir12 ..., Ir1n} be I1, I2 ..., the subset in In} or complete or collected works or empty set, Ir21, Ir22 ..., Ir2n} be also I1, I2 ..., the subset in In} or complete or collected works or empty set can not be empty set entirely.

Ignore the impact of the secondary causes such as temperature, I0, Me1, Me2 of the series connection main current loop of single HET can be expressed as the function of variable when running and using:

I0＝Fi0(ω1，ω2，MLS，Ii01，Ii02，…，Ii0n)(9)

Me1＝Fm1(ω1，ω2，MLS，Ii01，Ii02，…，Ii0n)(10)

Me2＝Fm2(ω1，ω2，MLS，Ii01，Ii02，…，Ii0n)(11)

Wherein, Ii01, Ii02 ..., Ii0n} be Ir11, Ir12 ..., Ir1n} with Ir21, Ir22 ..., the intersection of Ir2n}.

As follows to above-mentioned (1) adjustment control method often overlapping two kinds of loss summation minimum principles that concentrated HET adopts of planting in sub-structure to (6).

Overall loss are taken as the summation of principal current ohm heat (I0I0R0) and exciting current ohm heat (∑ Poi), and wherein R0 and Ri is taken as definite value.The limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition two follows principal current I0 and the change of associated excitation electric current I i multidimensional variable respectively, that is:

∑Φ1＝Ff1(|I0|，Ir11，Ir12，…，Ir1n)(7)

∑Φ2＝Ff2(|I0|，Ir21，Ir22，…，Ir2n)(8)

The field of application of given diaxon rotating speed, the field of application of electromagnetic torque Me1 or Me2, utilize electromagnetic laws formula ((1) ~ (4), (5) or (6), wherein R0 is taken as definite value) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((7), (8)), calculate each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix that gamut covers different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, that meet overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system.

When regulating execution, the rotating speed (ω 1 and ω 2) of instantaneous acquiring two rotors, as initial conditions, provide Me1 or Me2 torque instruction, also as initial conditions, from control system, calling associated storage data, adopting spline interpolation function formulae discovery to obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt, for performing link.

As follows to above-mentioned (1) adjustment control method often overlapping three kinds of loss summation minimum principles that concentrated HET adopts of planting in sub-structure to (6).

Overall loss are taken as the summation of principal current ohm heat (I0I0R0), exciting current ohm heat (∑ Poi) and circuit connection area liquid metal frictional heat, and wherein, R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS, and Ri is taken as definite value.The limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition two follows principal current I0 and the change of associated excitation electric current I i multidimensional variable respectively, that is:

ΣΦ1＝Ff1(|I0|，Ir11，Ir12，…，Ir1n)(7)

∑Φ2＝Ff2(|I0|，Ir21，Ir22，…，Ir2n)(8)

The field of application of given diaxon rotating speed, the field of application of electromagnetic torque Me1 or Me2 and the field of application of liquid metal state parameter MLS, utilize electromagnetic laws formula ((1) ~ (4), or (6) (5), wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((7), (8)), calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix and the liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system.

When regulating execution, the rotating speed (ω 1 and ω 2) of instantaneous acquiring two rotors, as initial conditions, provide Me1 or Me2 torque instruction, also as initial conditions, from control system, calling associated storage data, adopting spline interpolation function formulae discovery to obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt and liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt, for performing link.

By the electromagnetic laws formula of three or four or five HET half couples main current loop in series, there is following form (situation of three or four HET half couples is suitable for part formula wherein):

The electro-motive force of flywheel 1 end half couple rotor:

Eh11＝ωh11·∑Φh11/(2π)(12)

The electro-motive force of flywheel 2 end half couple rotor:

Eh21＝ωh21·∑Φh21/(2π)(13)

The electro-motive force of wheel 1 side half couple rotor:

Eh12＝ωh12·ΣΦh12/(2π)(14)

The electro-motive force of wheel 2 side half couple rotor:

Eh22＝ωh22·∑Φh22/(2π)(15)

The electro-motive force of engine side half couple rotor:

Eh3＝ωh3·ΣΦh3/(2π)(16)

The main current loop electro-motive force sum of (7), (8) kind sub-structure:

∑E＝Eh11+Eh12+Eh3(17)

The main current loop electro-motive force sum of (9) kind sub-structure:

∑E＝Eh11+Eh12+Eh22+Eh3(18)

The main current loop electro-motive force sum of (10), (11) kind sub-structure:

∑E＝Eh11+Eh21+Eh12+Eh3(19)

The main current loop electro-motive force sum of (12) kind sub-structure:

∑E＝Eh11+Eh21+Eh12+Eh22+Eh3(20)

Principal current:

I0＝∑E/R0(21)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by flywheel 1 end half couple rotor:

Mhe11＝-I0·∑Φh11/(2π)(22)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by flywheel 2 end half couple rotor:

Mhe21＝-I0·∑Φh21/(2π)(23)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by the couple rotor of wheel 1 side half:

Mhe12＝-I0·∑Φh12/(2π)(24)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by the couple rotor of wheel 2 side half:

Mhe22＝-I0·∑Φh22/(2π)(25)

Electromagnetic torque suffered by engine side half couple rotor:

Mhe3＝-I0·∑Φh3/(2π)(26)

Ignore the impact of the secondary causes such as temperature, ∑ Φ h11, ∑ Φ h21, ∑ Φ h12, ∑ Φ h22 and ∑ Φ h3 can be expressed as the absolute value of principal current I0 when running and using | the function of I0| and corresponding half couple excitation coil electric current:

∑Φh11＝Ffh11(|I0|，Ih111，Ih112，…，Ih11m)(27)

∑Φh21＝Ffh21(|I0|，Ih211，Ih212，…，Ih21m)(28)

∑Φh12＝Ffh12(|I0|，Ih121，Ih122，…，Ih12m)(29)

∑Φh22＝Ffh22(|I0|，Ih221，Ih222，…，Ih22m)(30)

∑Φh3＝Ffh3(|I0|，Ih31，Ih32，…，Ih3m)(31)

As follows to the adjustment control method of two kinds of loss summation minimum principles that (7), (8) three HET half couple cascade systems of planting sub-structure adopt.

Overall loss are taken as the summation of principal current ohm heat (I0I0R0) and each exciting current ohm heat (∑ Poi), and wherein R0 and Ri is taken as definite value.The limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition three follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, that is:

∑Φh11＝Ffh11(|I0|，Ih111，Ih112，…，Ih11m)(27)

∑Φh12＝Ffh12(|I0|，Ih121，Ih122，…，Ih12m)(29)

∑Φh3＝Ffh3(|I0|，Ih31，Ih32，…，Ih3m)(31)

The field of application of given three axle rotating speeds, the field of application of Mhe12, the field of application of Mhe3 or Mhe11, utilize electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (14), (16), (17), (21), (24), or (22) (26), wherein R0 is taken as definite value) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27), (29), (31)), calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system.

When regulating execution, rotating speed (the ω h11 of instantaneous acquiring three rotors, ω h12, ω h3), as initial conditions, provide the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe3 or Mhe11, also as initial conditions, from control system, calling associated storage data, adopting spline interpolation function formulae discovery to obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt, for performing link.

As follows to the adjustment control method of three kinds of loss summation minimum principles that (7), (8) three HET half couple cascade systems of planting sub-structure adopt.

Overall loss are taken as the summation of principal current ohm heat (I0I0R0), each exciting current ohm heat (∑ Poi) and circuit connection area liquid metal frictional heat, and wherein, R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS, and Ri is taken as definite value.The limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition three follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, that is:

∑Φh11＝Ffh11(|I0|，Ih111，Ih112，…，Ih11m)(27)

∑Φh12＝Ffh12(|I0|，Ih121，Ih122，…，Ih12m)(29)

∑Φh3＝Ffh3(|I0|，Ih31，Ih32，…，Ih3m)(31)

The field of application of given three axle rotating speeds, the field of application of Mhe12, the field of application of Mhe3 or Mhe11, the field of application of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter MLS, utilize electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (14), (16), (17), (21), (24), or (22) (26), wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27), (29), (31)), calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix and the liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system.

When regulating execution, rotating speed (the ω h11 of instantaneous acquiring three rotors, ω h12, ω h3), as initial conditions, provide the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe3 or Mhe11, also as initial conditions, from control system, calling associated storage data, adopting spline interpolation function formulae discovery to obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt and liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt, for performing link.

As follows to the adjustment control method of two kinds of loss summation minimum principles that (9) four HET half couple cascade systems of planting sub-structure adopt.

Overall loss are taken as the summation of principal current ohm heat (I0I0R0) and each exciting current ohm heat (∑ Poi), and wherein R0 and Ri is taken as definite value.The limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition four follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, that is:

∑Φh11＝Ffh11(|I0|，Ih111，Ih112，…，Ih11m)(27)

∑Φh12＝Ffh12(|I0|，Ih121，Ih122，…，Ih12m)(29)

∑Φh22＝Ffh22(|I0|，Ih221，Ih222，…，Ih22m)(30)

∑Φh3＝Ffh3(|I0|，Ih31，Ih32，…，Ih3m)(31)

The field of application of given four axle rotating speeds, the field of application of Mhe12 and Mhe22, the field of application of Mhe3 or Mhe11, utilize electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), (24), (25), or (22) (26), wherein R0 is taken as definite value) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27), (29), (30), (31)), calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system.

When regulating execution, rotating speed (the ω h11 of instantaneous acquiring four rotors, ω h12, ω h22, ω h3), as initial conditions, provide the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe22, Mhe3 or Mhe11, also as initial conditions, from control system, call associated storage data, spline interpolation function formulae discovery is adopted to obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt, for performing link.

As follows to the adjustment control method of three kinds of loss summation minimum principles that (9) four HET half couple cascade systems of planting sub-structure adopt.

Overall loss are taken as the summation of principal current ohm heat (I0I0R0), each exciting current ohm heat (∑ Poi) and circuit connection area liquid metal frictional heat, and wherein, R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS, and Ri is taken as definite value.The limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition four follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, that is:

∑Φh11＝Ffh11(|I0|，Ih111，Ih112，…，Ih11m)(27)

∑Φh12＝Ffh12(|I0|，Ih121，Ih122，…，Ih12m)(29)

∑Φh22＝Ffh22(|I0|，Ih221，Ih222，…，Ih22m)(30)

∑Φh3＝Ffh3(|I0|，Ih31，Ih32，…，Ih3m)(31)

The field of application of given four axle rotating speeds, the field of application of Mhe12 and Mhe22, the field of application of Mhe3 or Mhe11, the field of application of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter MLS, utilize electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (14), (15), (16), (18), (21), (24), (25), or (22) (26), wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27), (29), (30), (31)), calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix and the liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system.

When regulating execution, rotating speed (the ω h11 of instantaneous acquiring four rotors, ω h12, ω h22, ω h3), as initial conditions, provide the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe22, Mhe3 or Mhe11, also as initial conditions, from control system, call associated storage data, spline interpolation function formulae discovery is adopted to obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt and liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt, for performing link.

To (10), the adjustment control method of two kinds of loss summation minimum principles that adopts of (11) four HET half couple cascade systems of planting sub-structure is as follows.

Overall loss are taken as the summation of principal current ohm heat (I0I0R0) and each exciting current ohm heat (∑ Poi), and wherein R0 and Ri is taken as definite value.The limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition four follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, that is:

∑Φh11＝Ffh11(|I0|，Ih111，Ih112，…，Ih11m)(27)

∑Φh21＝Ffh21(|I0|，Ih211，Ih212，…，Ih21m)(28)

∑Φh12＝Ffh12(|I0|，Ih121，Ih122，…，Ih12m)(29)

∑Φh3＝Ffh3(|I0|，Ih31，Ih32，…，Ih3m)(31)

The field of application of given four axle rotating speeds, the field of application of Mhe12, the field of application of Mhe3 or Mhe11, the field of application of Mhe11/Mhe21, utilize electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (13), (14), (16), (19), (21), (23), (24), or (22) (26), wherein R0 is taken as definite value) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27), (28), (29), (31)), calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system.

When regulating execution, rotating speed (the ω h11 of instantaneous acquiring four rotors, ω h21, ω h12, ω h3), as initial conditions, provide the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe3 or Mhe11, Mhe11/Mhe21, also as initial conditions, from control system, call associated storage data, spline interpolation function formulae discovery is adopted to obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt, for performing link.

To (10), the adjustment control method of three kinds of loss summation minimum principles that adopts of (11) four HET half couple cascade systems of planting sub-structure is as follows.

Overall loss are taken as the summation of principal current ohm heat (I0I0R0), each exciting current ohm heat (∑ Poi) and circuit connection area liquid metal frictional heat, and wherein, R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS, and Ri is taken as definite value.The limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition four follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, that is:

∑Φh11＝Ffh11(|I0|，Ih111，Ih112，…，Ih11m)(27)

∑Φh21＝Ffh21(|I0|，Ih211，Ih212，…，Ih21m)(28)

∑Φh12＝Ffh12(|I0|，Ih121，Ih122，…，Ih12m)(29)

∑Φh3＝Ffh3(|I0|，Ih31，Ih32，…，Ih3m)(31)

The field of application of given four axle rotating speeds, the field of application of Mhe12, the field of application of Mhe3 or Mhe11, the field of application of Mhe11/Mhe21, the field of application of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter MLS, utilize electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (13), (14), (16), (19), (21), (23), (24), or (22) (26), wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27), (28), (29), (31)), calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix and the liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system.

When regulating execution, rotating speed (the ω h11 of instantaneous acquiring four rotors, ω h21, ω h12, ω h3), as initial conditions, provide the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe3 or Mhe11, Mhe11/Mhe21, also as initial conditions, from control system, call associated storage data, spline interpolation function formulae discovery is adopted to obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt and liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt, for performing link.

As follows to the adjustment control method of two kinds of loss summation minimum principles that (12) five HET half couple cascade systems of planting sub-structure adopt.

Overall loss are taken as the summation of principal current ohm heat (I0I0R0) and each exciting current ohm heat (∑ Poi), and wherein R0 and Ri is taken as definite value.The limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition five follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, that is:

∑Φh11＝Ffh11(|I0|，Ih111，Ih112，…，Ih11m)(27)

∑Φh21＝Ffh21(|I0|，Ih211，Ih212，…，Ih21m)(28)

∑Φh12＝Ffh12(|I0|，Ih121，Ih122，…，Ih12m)(29)

∑Φh22＝Ffh22(|I0|，Ih221，Ih222，…，Ih22m)(30)

∑Φh3＝Ffh3(|I0|，Ih31，Ih32，…，Ih3m)(31)

The field of application of given five axle rotating speeds, the field of application of Mhe12 and Mhe22, the field of application of Mhe3 or Mhe11, the field of application of Mhe11/Mhe21, ((12) are to (16) to utilize electromagnetic laws formula, (20), (21), (23), (24), (25), or (22) (26), wherein R0 is taken as definite value) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27) are to (31)), calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system.

When regulating execution, rotating speed (ω h11, ω h21, the ω h12 of instantaneous acquiring five rotors, ω h22, ω h3), as initial conditions, provide the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe22, Mhe3 or Mhe11, Mhe11/Mhe21, also as initial conditions, from control system, calling associated storage data, adopting spline interpolation function formulae discovery to obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt, for performing link.

As follows to the adjustment control method of three kinds of loss summation minimum principles that (12) five HET half couple cascade systems of planting sub-structure adopt.

Overall loss are taken as the summation of principal current ohm heat (I0I0R0), each exciting current ohm heat (∑ Poi) and circuit connection area liquid metal frictional heat, and wherein, R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS, and Ri is taken as definite value.The limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition five follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, that is:

∑Φh11＝Ffh11(|I0|，Ih111，Ih112，…，Ih11m)(27)

∑Φh21＝Ffh21(|I0|，Ih211，Ih212，…，Ih21m)(28)

∑Φh12＝Ffh12(|I0|，Ih121，Ih122，…，Ih12m)(29)

∑Φh22＝Ffh22(|I0|，Ih221，Ih222，…，Ih22m)(30)

∑Φh3＝Ffh3(|I0|，Ih31，Ih32，…，Ih3m)(31)

The field of application of given five axle rotating speeds, the field of application of Mhe12 and Mhe22, the field of application of Mhe3 or Mhe11, the field of application of Mhe11/Mhe21, the field of application of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter MLS, ((12) are to (16) to utilize electromagnetic laws formula, (20), (21), (23), (24), (25), or (22) (26), wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((27) are to (31)), calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix and the liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system.

When regulating execution, rotating speed (ω h11, ω h21, the ω h12 of instantaneous acquiring five rotors, ω h22, ω h3), as initial conditions, provide the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe22, Mhe3 or Mhe11, Mhe11/Mhe21, also as initial conditions, from control system, calling associated storage data, adopting spline interpolation function formulae discovery to obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt and liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt, for performing link.

The metal liquid of circuit connection area should be the continuous print rotational symmetry pendular ring without cavity, and both end sides border is gas-liquid interface, and middle liquid-solid boundary should contain gas continuously, not.Affect the resistance being not only metal liquid circuit connection area self of all-in resistance R0, the movement of metal liquid distributing position also have impact on current path and the resistance of adjacent conductor.The shape of the left and right boundary position parameter of metal liquid (i.e. gas-liquid interface center position parameter) and gas-liquid interface, can the complete description metal liquid state (MLS) relevant to R0, but gas-liquid interface form factor can be ignored when practical application.The left and right boundary position parameter of metal liquid also can be substituted by liquid capacity and center parameter, and this substituting is reciprocity.MLS parameter is also the principal parameter affecting metal liquid friction heat simultaneously.

The metal liquid of circuit connection area is subject to the effect of following aspect: surface tension of liquid, liquid in rotation centnifugal force, the widely different stream of liquid meridian plane that dynamic wall rotarily drives, what circulation pump drove circulates (containing injecting stream and remittance abroad stream), both sides gaseous tension, the electromagnetic force that conducting metal liquid is subject to.In electromagnetic force, the meridian plane Lorentz force Flm that the close Bt of circumferential magnetic and principal current produce is significantly unique and the part played an important role, and the outside of principal current ring, perpendicular to principal current direction, is pointed to all the time in Flm direction.In not dislocating in maintenance metal liquid position, circulating is favorable factor, and the higher then stability maintenance ability of its flow velocity is stronger; The passage that middle radius is large, both sides radius is little makes both sides liquid in rotation centnifugal force check and balance, and is beneficial to stability maintenance; Lorentz force Flm is outside all the time, is unfavorable factor, can designs liquid in rotation centnifugal force and offset with it.For both sides gaseous tension, the means regulating both sides pressure reduction can be adopted to maintain metal liquid position stability.Produce the two schemes of metal liquid position stability maintenance thus, scheme one: do not regulate both sides gaseous tension, both sides pressure reduction is zero (free state), design two longer wing passages, adopt more liquid capacity, mainly utilize the effect of liquid in rotation centnifugal force, ensure not dislocate in whole range of use inner metal liquid body position of running, namely do not depart from and circulate position corresponding to entrance and exit; Scheme two: regulate both sides gas differential pressure, two longer wing passages need not be designed, more liquid capacity need not be adopted, mainly utilize the effect of both sides gas differential pressure, ensure not dislocate all running range of use inner metal liquid body position, and be in preferably, preposition.Regulate both sides gas differential pressures that volume can be adopted to stretch method: the volume adjustment valve that piston structure or piston structure or membrane configuration are set, its volume adjustable chamber is communicated with the air chamber of pressure to be regulated, volume-variation is utilized to change pressure, this is feasible at the little cavity volume in HET gap, and operates advantage rapidly when having adjustment.

In employing metal liquid position stability maintenance scheme for the moment, liquid center position can not active adjustment control, therefore, above-mentioned adjustment control method metal liquid state MLS parameter used is only containing controlled amounts metal liquid capacity parameter, and liquid center's location parameter is fixed as an aviation value with approximate processing.When the scheme two of employing, add both sides gas differential pressure regulating measure, liquid center position can active adjustment control thus, and when center status requirement controls a fixed position, MLS parameter is containing metal liquid capacity parameter only; When center shift in position controls, MLS parameter can comprise liquid center's location parameter and liquid capacity parameter, and center controls on the optimum position meeting overall loss minimum target; When center shift in position controls, MLS parameter also can only containing metal liquid capacity parameter, and to simplify work capacity, and center parameter is fixed as an aviation value with approximate processing, at this moment center controls to have nothing to do with overall loss minimum target, requires to perform according to other.

The control of HET excitation coil DC current size, adopts voltage adjusting method, can adopt DC chopper, or adopts resistance potentiometer.

Engine configurations starter and corresponding storage battery, but when flywheel has useful capacity or is reclaiming kinetic energy, prioritizing selection adopts flywheel energy or reclaims kinetic energy fire an engine, and directly drag driving engine to idling speed, then (spark ignition engine) or compression ignite (diesel engine) are lighted in oil spout.Can avoid so frequently using starter and storage battery, and make starting process have higher energy efficiency.

Concentrated HET scheme, during vehicle immobilization, with the operation of flywheel energy fire an engine, worked as follows by control system: holdback clutch 1 (with power-transfer clutch 2), engaging clutch 3, connect the circuit connection area (5) of flywheel side HET1 and engine side HET3, provide the anti-electromagnetic torque Me32 value instruction of dragging engine starting of a setting, provide a flywheel mated with Me32 value simultaneously and drive the instruction of electromagnetic torque Me12 value, above-mentioned concentrated HET adjustment control method is adopted to carry out control operation to HET1 and HET3, flywheel (flywheel 1) energy fire an engine is utilized to reach idling speed.

Concentrated HET scheme, when vehicle travels, with flywheel energy or the operation of reclaiming kinetic energy fire an engine, worked as follows by control system: engaging clutch 3, connect the circuit connection area (5) of engine side HET3, provide the anti-electromagnetic torque Me32 value instruction of dragging engine starting of a setting, determine that a flywheel mated with Me32 value drives electromagnetic torque Me12 added value or flywheel to brake electromagnetic torque Me12 reduced value simultaneously, revise original torque instruction, above-mentioned concentrated HET adjustment control method is adopted to carry out control operation to whole HET, flywheel (flywheel 1) energy or its few energy fire an engine reclaimed is utilized to reach idling speed.

When divergence type HET scheme, vehicle immobilization, with the operation of flywheel energy fire an engine, worked as follows by control system: the circuit connection area (5) connecting whole HET half couple, provide the anti-electromagnetic torque Mhe3 value instruction of dragging engine starting of a setting, zero is set as to other electromagnetic torque except flywheel driving electromagnetic torque Mhe11 simultaneously, adopt above-mentioned corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method to carry out control operation to HET cascade system, utilize flywheel (flywheel 1) energy fire an engine to reach idling speed.

When divergence type HET scheme, vehicle travel, with flywheel energy or the operation of reclaiming kinetic energy fire an engine, worked as follows by control system: the anti-electromagnetic torque Mhe3 value instruction of dragging engine starting providing a setting, maintain the original instruction of other electromagnetic torque except flywheel drives electromagnetic torque Mhe11 simultaneously, adopt above-mentioned corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method to carry out control operation to HET cascade system, utilize flywheel (flywheel 1) energy or its few energy fire an engine reclaimed to reach idling speed.

Driving engine with governor, operating condition by governor regulable control on the operating mode circuit connecting idling operation, maximal efficiency operating mode and maximal power condition point, and in adjustment buffer strip areas near this circuit.Select there is following principle during operating mode circuit: in torque-speed figure (longitudinal axis torque, transverse axis rotating speed) on the whole piece operating mode circuit that represents above, the rotating speed of each point, torque, power, accelerator open degree (or fuel valve opening etc. corresponding fuel supply bore) are from start to finish monotone increasings, such as, and preferably circuit, through too high fuel efficient area, selects the best of a series of equipower line or better efficient point to form preferred operating mode circuit.Above-mentioned adjustment operating mode circuit is transformed to the curve on accelerator open degree-speed diagram, when regulating, when the rotating speed detected and accelerator open degree state point are positioned at (higher rotation speed side) on the right side of circuit, then reduce accelerator open degree, otherwise then increasing accelerator open degree.

During vehicle immobilization to flywheel fill can driving engine prioritizing selection use maximal efficiency operating mode, when needing the shorter load time, can the operating mode of choice for use relatively high power, until maximal power condition.Before the driving engine loading condition arriving above-mentioned selection, what have one to start from idling operation rises operating mode transient process, before loading, the rotating speed of flywheel is not less than index rotating speed, namely when stand under load power capability is not less than driving engine loading condition power, rising operating mode transient process can be very fast, when the rotating speed of flywheel before loading is lower than index rotating speed, rise operating mode transient process just with the course synchronization of flywheel raising speed to index rotating speed, at this moment the larger direct torque to flywheel can be selected, to accelerate transient process, such as, when flywheel is from zero rotating speed raising speed, adopt permanent maximum torque control, at flywheel from non-zero, comparatively during slow speed of revolution raising speed, leading portion adopts the torque fast lifting curve controlled from zero torque, back segment adopts permanent maximum torque control.

When here is the vehicle immobilization of several typical case, driving engine fills the special case scheme of energy to flywheel:

Single flywheel, concentrated HET, the situation of initial zero rotating speed of flywheel: holdback clutch 1 (with power-transfer clutch 2), engaging clutch 3, connect the circuit connection area (5) of flywheel side HET1 and engine side HET3, adopt above-mentioned concentrated HET adjustment control method to carry out control operation to HET1 and HET3: to provide the instruction of Me11 value to HET1 simultaneously, leading portion Me11 instruction is constantly equal to maximum torque Me11max, power limitation control is converted to when Speed of Reaction Wheels ω 11 touches the mark rotational speed omega 11p, Me11 instruction equal driving engine loading condition power and Speed of Reaction Wheels than P1oad/ ω 11, provide the instruction of Me32 value to HET3, Me32 instruction is slightly larger than the product of the instruction of Me11 value and ω 11/ ω 32, and its actual value maintains maximum speed ω 32max with regulable control ω 32 and is as the criterion.

Single flywheel, divergence type HET, flywheel initial speed non-zero but lower than the situation of index rotating speed: the circuit connection area (5) connecting whole HET half couple, above-mentioned corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method is adopted to carry out control operation to HET cascade system: to provide Mhe12 zero instruction (with Mhe22 zero instruction), Mhe11 instruction is provided by three sections, leading portion Mhe11 instruction adopts fast from straight line or the curve of zero to maximum torque Mhe11max, stage casing Mhe11 instruction is constantly equal to maximum torque Mhe11max, power limitation control is converted to when Speed of Reaction Wheels ω h11 touches the mark rotational speed omega h11p, Mhe11 instruction equals P1oad/ ω h11.

Single flywheel, concentrated HET, flywheel initial speed are higher than the situation of index rotating speed: holdback clutch 1 (with power-transfer clutch 2), engaging clutch 3, connect the circuit connection area (5) of flywheel side HET1 and engine side HET3, adopt above-mentioned concentrated HET adjustment control method to carry out control operation to HET1 and HET3: to provide the instruction of Me11 value to HET1 simultaneously, leading portion Me11 instruction adopts fast from straight line or the curve of zero to Pload/ ω 11, and back segment Me11 instruction equals Pload/ ω 11; Provide the instruction of Me32 value to HET3, Me32 instruction is slightly larger than the product of the instruction of Me11 value and ω 11/ ω 32, and its actual value maintains maximum speed ω 32max with regulable control ω 32 and is as the criterion.

Rotating speed higher limit is loaded for flywheel arranges one, namely to till the filling and can load and arrive this limit value with rotating speed of flywheel, this rotating speed higher limit can be taken as flywheel maximum speed, consider as car speed kinetic energy and may reclaiming of eminence potential energy leave storage space, also this rotating speed higher limit can be taken in a value lower than flywheel maximum speed, its difference is exactly car speed kinetic energy and the reflection that can utilize potential energy sum at that time, if these energy were implemented to reclaim at that time, then Speed of Reaction Wheels just in time arrived maximum speed.

For flywheel arranges a working speed lower limit, when Speed of Reaction Wheels arrives working speed lower limit from high to low, flywheel stops horsepower output, and startup fills energy to flywheel loading, rise to the middle limit value rotating speed of a setting at Speed of Reaction Wheels before, do not re-use flywheel and drive vehicle.Area division between from working speed lower limit to middle limit value rotating speed should be as far as possible little, transient process should be as quickly as possible, drive the power capability of vehicle should use foot as far as possible, in view of this consideration, it is less that the difference of middle limit value rotating speed and working speed lower limit should be got, maximum power should be selected in, the stand under load power capability that flywheel working speed lower limit should not hinder flywheel to possess to match with engine power at the engine power of this stage running.Higher flywheel working speed lower limit, also makes flywheel possess larger driving power ability and recover kinetic energy B.P. ability.

When vehicle travels, rotation between flywheel overall raising speed stage (having reduction of speed once in a while) and these two stages of the overall falling-rate period of flywheel (having raising speed once in a while) all the time.When the conversion of current generation and next stage, keep driving or the free of discontinuities continuity of abrupt deceleration vehicle torque, that is: wheel side torque remains unchanged, driving engine and the torque of flywheel side and power is round and smooth equilibratedly crosses.

In the flywheel overall raising speed stage: start from working speed lower limit, finally load rotating speed higher limit, driving engine is horsepower output all the time, even if when flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle, region between working speed lower limit to middle limit value rotating speed, the operating condition of driving engine is selected between maximal efficiency operating mode and maximal power condition, preferred maximal power condition, at middle limit value rotating speed to the region loaded between rotating speed higher limit, engine operation condition is preferably in maximal efficiency operating mode, for loading flywheel and driving vehicle, when driving engine is when the power P maxe of maximal efficiency operating mode is all for driving vehicle to still have deficiency, flywheel is transferred horsepower output and is assisted to drive, when flywheel driving power reach at that time maxim or not enough time, increase engine power, namely by power P maxe to maximum power Pmax transition, until flywheel drives maximum power and maximum power all for driving vehicle (certain this limiting case seldom occurs).

The overall falling-rate period of flywheel: start from and load rotating speed higher limit, working speed lower limit finally; Driving engine is horsepower output once in a while; During flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle, driving engine does not run; To fly wd vehicle, when flywheel driving power reach maxim at that time still have deficiency time, add engine power Pmaxe, the corresponding range of decrease of flywheel power simultaneously, when flywheel maximum power and Pmaxe sum still have deficiency, increase engine power, namely by power P maxe to maximum power Pmax transition.

No matter whether run driving engine, to drive or the changed power of regenerative braking vehicle is implemented usually in the control of flywheel poower flow, driving engine operates in power and the constant operating mode of rotating speed substantially.

Driving engine normally runs preferably in maximal efficiency operating mode, when needing more high-power, operates in short-term on an efficiency optimization operating mode line between maximal efficiency operating mode and maximal power condition.

The maximum fuel efficiency of spark ignition engine is generally about 30% or more, and average fuel efficiency when common Otto-engined car travels only has tens percent.Visible, driving engine will approximately save the fuel oil of half in the work of maximal efficiency operating mode than usual car.The efficiency of diesel engine is higher than spark ignition engine, its maximum fuel efficiency is generally about 40% or more, therefore, the engine fuel of the present invention program adopts diesel engine to have outstanding advantage: fuel value degree of utilization is high, the diesel oil cost of unit calorific value low (because often liter of unit price of diesel oil is low, density is large, calorific value high), namely more economical, more energy-conservation.

At vehicular drive seat, power steering unit is set, wherein comprise vehicular drive torque instruction and handle output unit, this instruction is the relative value representing driving torque size, range of instructions is corresponding from zero to current available maxim, and current available vehicular drive torque maximum value is calculated according to current state measurement parameter by power control system.For (4), (5), (6), (10), (11) plant sub-structure, and power steering unit also can comprise the setting unit to two flywheel torque allocation proportions; Plant sub-structure for (9), power steering unit also can comprise the setting unit to front and back axle drive shaft torque distribution ratio; Plant sub-structure for (12), power steering unit also can comprise the setting unit to two flywheel torque allocation proportions, and the setting unit to front and back axle drive shaft torque distribution ratio.To the setting of two flywheels or two axle drive shaft torque distribution ratios, can be grasped by driver's seat setting unit hand and perform, namely set before cycling start or when slipping car by driver control setting unit, also can be automatically performed by power control system, namely automatically set before cycling start or when slipping car or non-slipping during car travels by control system, also can configure these two kinds of measures simultaneously, be used alone a kind of measure or conbined usage two kinds of measures perform setting.

Power steering unit comprises car brakeing instruction and handles output unit, this unit comprises recover kinetic energy braking and friction braking, two kinds of brakings share a set of operating control, brake operating stroke is divided into successively two sections, the recover kinetic energy braking torque relative value from zero to maxim is corresponded in first trip segment, correspond to the friction braking torque relative value from zero to maxim in rear trip segment, keep the recover kinetic energy braking torque of maxim in rear trip segment simultaneously.Recover kinetic energy braking is reclaimed to flywheel by vehicle energy by the transmission of HET backward power stream, and friction braking adopts wheel frictional brake element that vehicle energy is converted to heat energy.Recover kinetic energy braking torque maxim is current available maxim, is calculated according to current state measurement parameter by power control system.

For having the vehicle of step change than mechanical drive, power steering unit also comprises initial speed ratio gear setting unit.The initial speed ratio gear of setting, can be step change any one gear than mechanical drive, comprise minimum transmission speed ratio gear.In Vehicle Speed from zero raising speed within the scope of maximum speed, control to make transmission speed ratio value be reduced to minimum transmission speed ratio gear value successively from original speed position value.When initial speed ratio gear selects minimum transmission speed ratio gear, speed ratio gear no longer changes, and is equivalent to use fixed speed ratio transmission.Gear-change operation in traveling is controlled automatically by power control system, when reaching predetermined gear conversion rate, control makes transmitting torque reduce to zero, throw off former gear, use the synchronous two parts for engaging of synchro friction, mount new gear, then the torque needed for transmitting by driving torque instruction at that time.

Power steering unit also comprise vehicle advance positive car or reversing setting unit.

The claimed vehicle with above-mentioned power system of claim 37, comprising: power system as mentioned above, running device, steering system, brake system, vehicle body, attendant equipment.Running device is made up of the walking along the street mechanism of vehicle and load carrier, comprises tire and wheel, vehicle bridge, suspension, vehicle frame etc.Vehicle body refers to and vehicle plays covering, carrying, the part of the effect such as loading, before cover part refers to car, plate product after car, carrying part refers to the car room that chaufeur and passenger take, loading portion refers to container or loading space, vehicle body structurally comprises outer covering piece in vehicle body, internal and external ornament part, functor (sound insulation, vibrationproof, the functors such as sealing), and lid, the parts such as window, and body accessory (Windshield Wiper, scrubber, sun shield, ash tray case, seat, safety strap, safety air bag, door lock, door hinge, door stop, window regulator, interior outside rear-view mirror, handrail etc.).Attendant equipment comprises: the vehicle steering mechanism (braking during standstill effector, steering handwheel, all kinds of cabinet switchs etc.) except power steering unit, illumination and instrument (exterior illumination and signalling apparatus, loudspeaker, instrument, room light light fixture, audio-visual apparatus, navigationsystem, phone, antenna etc.), a/c system (drafting apparatus, heater, cold-air device, air purification unit), electric power system (storage battery, wirning harness, electric switch, relay, electrical generator).

The mechanical connection to vehicle flywheel that claim 38 to 44 relates to loads and fills and can system comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, the electrical motor be connected with AC network, loads the transmission system between rotating shaft and electrical motor.Wherein, transmission system contains a set of monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine (HET), divides into divergence type HET scheme and concentrated HET scheme.

The HET of divergence type HET scheme has loading end half couple HETho (mouth) and energy supply end half couple HEThi (input end), different according to the pattern of HETho, divides into again vertical HETho scheme and horizontal HETho scheme.

The HETho of vertical HETho scheme is positioned at the upside of divergence type HET, and HETho rotating shaft upper end also can connect a vertical universal drive shaft again.The HEThi of pairing can select the vertical structure of coaxial line, also can select horizontal type structure.When adopting vertical HEThi, its rotating shaft is connected with the vertical type motor rotating shaft of below, or is connected with the vertical type motor rotating shaft of below by a step-up gear, or is connected with the horizontal motor rotating shaft of side-lower by a band step-up gear for finishing bevel gear cuter.When adopting horizontal HEThi, its rotating shaft is connected with the horizontal motor rotating shaft of side, or is connected with the horizontal motor rotating shaft of side by a step-up gear.

The HETho rotating shaft of horizontal HETho scheme is connected with the vertical universal drive shaft of above side by the step-up gear of a band finishing bevel gear cuter.The HEThi of pairing is horizontal type structure, and its rotating shaft is connected with the horizontal motor rotating shaft of side, or is connected with the horizontal motor rotating shaft of side by a step-up gear.

Concentrated HET scheme divides into again vertical HET scheme and horizontal HET scheme.When adopting vertical HET scheme, HET mouth rotor is positioned at upside, its rotating shaft is connected with a vertical universal drive shaft of top, HET input end rotor shaft is connected with the vertical type motor rotating shaft of below, or be connected with the vertical type motor rotating shaft of below by a step-up gear, or be connected with the horizontal motor rotating shaft of side-lower by a band step-up gear for finishing bevel gear cuter.When adopting horizontal HET scheme, HET mouth rotor shaft is connected with the vertical universal drive shaft of above side by the step-up gear of a band finishing bevel gear cuter, HET input end rotor shaft is connected with the horizontal motor rotating shaft of side, or is connected with the horizontal motor rotating shaft of side by a step-up gear.

HET is used for loading the mechanical connection of vehicle flywheel filling in energy system, and can give full play to the advantage of HET: stepless change bending moment, an axle can drive by zero rotating speed, and poower flow can be reverse, and power density is very high, and cost is low, and the life-span is long, and energy transfer efficiency is high.

The mechanical connection to vehicle flywheel that claim 45 to 49 relates to loads and fills and can system comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, the electrical motor be connected with AC network, a vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device making buffering purposes, load between rotating shaft and buffering flywheel, cushion transmission system between flywheel and electrical motor.Wherein, transmission system contains two cover monopolar D. C electromagnetic drivens machine (HET), and a set of HET (loading HET) is at buffering flywheel and load between rotating shaft, and another set of HET (energy supply HET) is between buffering flywheel and electrical motor.

Part (loading the part between rotating shaft and buffering flywheel) before buffering flywheel: loading HET can by vertical divergence type or vertical concentrated, load HET input end rotor and be positioned at downside, axle stretched by connection vertical buffering flywheel, loads HET mouth rotor shaft upper end and connect a vertical universal drive shaft; Vertical divergence type also can not add universal drive shaft.

Part (part between buffering flywheel and electrical motor) after buffering flywheel: energy supply HET can by vertical divergence type or vertical concentrated, energy supply HET mouth rotor is positioned at upside, axle is stretched under connecting vertical buffering flywheel, energy supply HET input end rotor shaft lower end is connected with the vertical type motor rotating shaft of below, or be connected with the vertical type motor rotating shaft of below by a step-up gear, or be connected with the horizontal motor rotating shaft of side-lower by a band step-up gear for finishing bevel gear cuter; Energy supply HET also can be made up of mouth vertical HET half couple and input end horizontal HET half couple, mouth vertical HET half couple is positioned at upside, axle is stretched under connecting vertical buffering flywheel, the rotating shaft of input end horizontal HET half couple is connected with the horizontal motor rotating shaft of side, or is connected with the horizontal motor rotating shaft of side by a step-up gear.

Buffering flywheel is used for loading the mechanical connection of vehicle flywheel filling in energy system, following effect can be played: avoid Fraquent start high capacity motor (exemplary power 2000kW), smaller power electrical motor can be used often to fill buffering flywheel, stablize electrical network, reduce equipment investment, the buffering flywheel of an available larger capacity is satisfied fills multipoint excitation of standing.

Above-mentioned mechanical connection loads the electrical motor filled in energy system, and can be synchronous motor or asynchronous motor, synchronous motor be favourable to electrical network.Operate in after motor starting on synchronous speed or the little comparatively stabilized speed of revolutional slip, do not need speed governing operation.When needs vehicle flywheel or buffering flywheel unload to electrical network, electrical motor can use as electrical generator by antikinesis.

Above-mentioned mechanical connection loads the scheme not arranging universal drive shaft of filling in energy system, and its (loading) HET all have employed separation-type structure, and its mouth half couple is vertical structure, and is moveable.Now, the conductor that outreaches between two divergence type half couples of (loading) HET adopts mixing flexible cable, or a middle part adopts mixing flexible cable, to obtain the mobile tolerance of dislocation.

The mechanical connection to vehicle flywheel that claim 50,51 relates to loads and fills and can system comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, the direct supply be connected with AC network, loads the transmission system between rotating shaft and direct supply and circuit connecting wire.Wherein, transmission system contains HET half couple, and HET half couple is powered by coaxial conductor or mixing flexible cable by direct supply.Divide into the vertical scheme of HET half couple and horizontal scheme.When adopting vertical HET half couple, its rotating shaft upper end can be connected with a vertical universal drive shaft, also can not add universal drive shaft and directly use, and DC supply at this moment adopts mixing flexible cable or a middle part to adopt mixing flexible cable; When adopting horizontal HET half couple, its rotating shaft is connected with the vertical universal drive shaft of above side by the step-up gear of a band finishing bevel gear cuter.

Desirable 30 volts to 50 volts of the voltage design value of this direct supply, HET half couple series connection progression is more, and load voltage value is higher.Direct supply gets through grid alternating current rectification and step-down, and output voltage is adjustable, operates in maximum current restricted boundary and maximum power restricted boundary and scope thereof when loading flywheel.Direct supply can be implemented to load the bull of multiple vehicle, multiple flywheel filling easily layout of standing.This direct supply can increase the equipment such as inverter, and when needs unload for vehicle flywheel, energy is reverse returns AC network.

Above-mentioned mechanical connection loads the concentrated HET filled in energy system, can adopt the scheme represented by Fig. 1, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Figure 14, Figure 17.Above-mentioned mechanical connection loads divergence type HET half couple of filling in energy system, can adopt the scheme represented by Fig. 7 to Figure 13, Figure 15, Figure 16, Figure 24, Figure 25, Figure 26.

The mechanical connection to vehicle flywheel that claim 52 relates to loads and fills and can system comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, be with the electrical motor of speed regulation device for one that is connected with AC network, load the transmission system between rotating shaft and electrical motor.Wherein, transmission system contains a vertical universal drive shaft, be connected with the vertical type motor rotating shaft of below, or be connected with the vertical type motor rotating shaft of below by a step-up gear, or be connected with the horizontal motor rotating shaft of side-lower by a band step-up gear for finishing bevel gear cuter.

The above-mentioned mechanical connection to vehicle flywheel loads and fills energy system, can increase and arrange a set of arm-and-hand system making loading rotating shaft orientation movement, and the checking system to vehicle vertical flywheel rotating shaft orientation.

The mechanical connection to vehicle flywheel that claim 54 relates to loads and fills and can system comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, be with the vertical type motor of speed regulation device for one that is connected with AC network, load the transmission system between rotating shaft and electrical motor.Wherein, be provided with a set of arm-and-hand system making loading rotating shaft orientation movement, and the checking system to vehicle vertical flywheel rotating shaft orientation.

The above-mentioned mechanical connection to vehicle flywheel loads and fills energy system, a vertical type cylinder gear speeder can also be set in transmission system increase, be positioned near vehicle flywheel side, that is: when arranging universal drive shaft, speed increaser is connected with existing vertical universal drive shaft upper end; When not arranging universal drive shaft, speed increaser is connected with existing loading end vertical HET half couple rotating shaft upper end; When not arranging universal drive shaft and HET, speed increaser is connected with existing vertical type motor rotating shaft upper end.The effect of setting up this speed increaser is, rationally reduce be positioned at transmission system top universal drive shaft, loading end vertical HET half couple, vertical type motor rotating speed.This speed increaser can be designed to single-stage or multistage, and output shaft and input shaft can parallel misalignment or coaxial lines, and coaxial line is beneficial to operation.

The mechanical connection to vehicle flywheel that claim 56 relates to loads and fills and can system comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, be with the horizontal motor of speed regulation device for one that is connected with AC network, load the transmission system between rotating shaft and electrical motor.Wherein, be provided with a set of arm-and-hand system making loading rotating shaft orientation movement, and the checking system to vehicle vertical flywheel rotating shaft orientation, be provided with the step-up gear of the band finishing bevel gear cuter that is connected with horizontal motor output revolving shaft, gear case output revolving shaft protrudes upward.

Electrical motor described in claim 54 and 56, its position for flywheel load centering time can move, the cable be connected with motor body and subsystem have the mobile tolerance that misplaces.

The electrical motor of above-mentioned band speed regulation device, can adopt asynchronous motor, synchronous motor, DC motor, recommends to adopt variable-frequency control asynchronous motor.Also the electrical motor of the band speed regulation device of energy antikinesis can be adopted, for using as electrical generator when flywheel unloads, to electrical network feedback energy.

Loading rotating shaft recited above, is held a concurrent post by the top rotating shaft being positioned at transmission system top equipment, and when being configured with vertical type cylinder gear speeder, its output shaft doubles as loading rotating shaft; When not configuring speed increaser, when having configured vertical universal drive shaft, the output shaft of universal drive shaft doubles as loading rotating shaft; When not configuring speed increaser and universal drive shaft, when having configured vertical HET half couple of loading end, the upper end rotating shaft of HET half couple has doubled as loading rotating shaft; When not configuring speed increaser, universal drive shaft and HET, loading rotating shaft is doubled as by the output revolving shaft of the vertical type motor on transmission system top or the step-up gear of band finishing bevel gear cuter.

Load joint and be assemblied in loading rotating shaft upper end, load the mechanical connection of joint and vehicle flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc, adopt inserted type structure or friction-type structure.Following factor is paid close attention in the selection of this connection structure: all can engage within the scope of zero rotating speed to maximum speed, torsion pass and disengaging, torque transmission capability, oad size, structure is simple, easy joint, joint impact power, axial thrust, radial composite force are as far as possible little, and vibration, heating are as far as possible little, and the air blast abrasion that the independent daily rotation of flywheel loading disc when not loading brings is little, noise is low.Inserted type structure has that torque is large, size is little, athermic advantage, and its shortcoming is: rotating speed franchise is little, and centering needs accurately, have impact, the air blast abrasion that the tooth of loading disc or tooth cause and noise larger.Merits and faults and the inserted type structure of friction-type structure are just in time exchanged.The gear type structure that the preferred torque transmission capability of inserted type structure is larger or castellated structure, and its structure is simple, is beneficial to the Long travel realizing two breakaway-elements and engages.Friction-type structure does not preferably produce the face of cylinder junction form of axial thrust, and service load larger, the better simply fluid pressure type of structure handles pressuring method, embraces sebific duct fluid pressure type structure such as outward.The hydraulic oil of fluid pressure type structure is supplied by subsystem Hydraulic Station, the hydraulic chamber loading joint is transferred to by pipeline and the oil transportation hole, axle center loaded in rotating shaft, pipeline is positioned at the seal joint first-selection loading rotating shaft the loading rotating shaft lower shaft end exposing and can contact, when rotating shaft lower shaft end can not contact, seal joint design is on the one section of face of cylinder loading rotating shaft.

The above-mentioned arm-and-hand system making loading rotating shaft orientation movement, and the checking system to vehicle vertical flywheel rotating shaft orientation, for looking for middle location and mobile operating to loading rotating shaft and supporting holder thereof.The supporting holder outside face that arm-and-hand system is loading rotating shaft arranges three spherical hinge fulcrums, utilizes six straight line precession executive devices to control the locus of three fulcrums, thus the adjustment handling loading rotating shaft locus and direction angle is moved.The job procedure carried out before loading: open flywheel axle head protective cover, noncontact measurement flywheel shaft end spaces position and direction angle (three spatial coordinatess and both direction angle), utilize arm-and-hand system that loading rotating shaft and supporting holder adjustment thereof are moved to ready position and attitude (identical with free wheel direction angle), then rectilinear translation loads rotating shaft to loading control position.

The step-up gear of band finishing bevel gear cuter recited above, or there is bevel-gear sett, or there are bevel-gear sett and one or more levels Cylinder Gear wheels.The axis of bevel-gear sett is orthogonal, and preference curve bevel gear also carries out roll flute, such as spiral bevel gear and overlikon spiral bevel gear.

Vertical universal drive shaft recited above, be made up of a pair universal-joint, the scalable spline shaft of centre, the transmission shaft at two ends and bearing thereof and clamped etc., no matter whether its upper end transmission shaft is connected with vertical type cylinder gear speeder, arm-and-hand system control manipulation or manned mobile object all comprise the upper end transmission shaft of universal drive shaft, and the universal drive shaft of five degree of freedom adapts to this movement and corner automatically.Preferentially select constant-velocity universal joint, when the universal-joint angle of cut loading control position is less, and when vibrating in allowed band, can Hooke's joint be selected.

The mechanical connection of vehicle flywheel is loaded and fills energy system, the fixed bearing device to carriage frame also can be set, for loading front support car weight (tire is maked somebody a mere figurehead) and fixing vehicle frame at vehicle flywheel, make the flywheel position stability be seated on vehicle frame.This device adopts three point support structure, such as, arrange front two dot point and a rear dot point at carriage frame, also can adopt four-point supporting structure.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1: concentrated, diaxon list magnetic flux (sharing without diaxon), axial coil, solid axle, axial plane type HET meridian plane schematic diagram far away.

Fig. 2: concentrated, diaxon one single pair of magnetic flux (having diaxon to share), axial coil far away, solid axle, axial plane type, middle HET meridian plane schematic diagram of drawing external terminal.

Fig. 3: the HET meridian plane schematic diagram of concentrated, diaxon one single pair of magnetic flux (having diaxon to share), axial coil far away, solid axle, axial plane type, side extraction external terminal.

Fig. 4: the HET meridian plane schematic diagram of concentrated, diaxon one single pair of magnetic flux (having diaxon to share), axial coil far away, solid axle, axial plane type, nothing extraction external terminal.

Fig. 5: the HET meridian plane schematic diagram of external terminal drawn by concentrated, diaxon two pairs of magnetic fluxs (having diaxon to share), paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type, nothing.

Fig. 6: concentrated, diaxon two pairs of magnetic fluxs (in form sharing without diaxon), the HET meridian plane schematic diagram that paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type, two axles steer are identical.

Fig. 7: divergence type, single magnetic flux, paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type HET half couple meridian plane schematic diagram.

Fig. 8: divergence type, two magnetic flux, paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type HET half couple meridian plane schematic diagram.

Fig. 9: divergence type, two magnetic flux, paraxial coil, hollow shaft, axial plane type HET half couple meridian plane schematic diagram.

Figure 10: divergence type, two magnetic flux, two-stage are connected outward, paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type HET half couple meridian plane schematic diagram.

Figure 11: divergence type, two magnetic flux, three grades of outer series connection, paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type HET half couple meridian plane schematic diagram.

Figure 12: series connection in divergence type, two magnetic flux, two-stage, paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type HET half couple meridian plane schematic diagram.

Figure 13: the HET half couple meridian plane figure of divergence type, two magnetic flux, paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type, rotor electric conductor non-full height.

Figure 14: concentrated, diaxon two pairs of magnetic fluxs (in form sharing without diaxon), the HET meridian plane schematic diagram that paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type, two axles steer are contrary.

Figure 15: the HET half couple meridian plane schematic diagram of divergence type, single magnetic flux, paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type, axle head current collection design.

Figure 16: divergence type, two magnetic flux, paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type HET half couple meridian plane figure.

Figure 17: the HET meridian plane figure of external terminal drawn by concentrated, diaxon two pairs of magnetic fluxs (having diaxon to share), paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type, nothing.

Figure 18: concentrated, diaxon two pairs of magnetic fluxs (having diaxon to share), paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane type, have and draw the HET meridian plane figure of external terminal.

Figure 19: flexible flywheel and divergence type HET half couple (part A) meridian plane figure ().

Figure 20: flexible flywheel and concentrated HET (part A) meridian plane figure.

Figure 21: flexible flywheel housing and protection sleeve meridian plane figure.

Figure 22: flexible flywheel and divergence type HET half couple (part A) meridian plane figure (two).

Figure 23: a kind of driving engine of car hybrid power system, flywheel and divergence type HET non-flywheel axle head half couple arrange schematic diagram.

Figure 24: two-stage is connected outward the external terminal of divergence type HET half couple and mixing flexible cable.

Figure 25: loading end vertical divergence type half couple HETho meridian plane figure (the A-A section of Figure 24) (two magnetic flux, paraxial coil, two-stage are connected outward, non-full height rotor electric conductor).

Figure 26: energy supply end vertical divergence type half couple HEThi meridian plane figure (two magnetic flux, paraxial coil, solid axle, two-stage are connected outward, non-full height rotor electric conductor).

Figure 27: load joint and load rotating shaft upper end formation and supporting member (left semi-section and 135 °, the right semi-section angle of cut).

Figure 28: load joint and flywheel loading disc (left semi-section and 135 °, the right semi-section angle of cut).

Detailed description of the invention

A kind of car hybrid power system, comprising: an engine petrol (76), a vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device (71), the transmission system of connecting engine, flywheel gear and main reducing gear of drive axle, and their control system.

Vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device (71) is arranged in vehicle chassis, is connected with bearing assembly (75) by four ear flanges (74) with vehicle frame.

Vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device specific embodiments (Figure 22) is as follows.

Principal parameter: specified maximum speed 13793.1r/min, external diameter 982mm, vacuum vessel height 229mm, bottom-to-top-height 409.6mm, the mass of flywheel 203.9kg in rotating shaft, specified energy storage 8.1kWh.

Have two quality bulk (53), material is Wrapping formed high-strength woven glass roving fabric reinforced epoxy.For adapting to the Rouno Cormer Pregrinding Wheel of housing (52), both ends of the surface and the cylindrical intersection of outer ring quality bulk are designed to rounded corner, still have safe enough gap to be as the criterion with the quality bulk deformable contour produced when maximum speed and housing.

Have a supporting mass (54), material is aluminum alloy.

Between outer ring quality bulk and inner ring quality bulk, adopt a load-bearing end face pair (56) and an end face pair (57) limited to top offset, two end face pairs concentrate design, and its axial location flushes with the center of gravity of outer ring quality bulk.Between inner ring quality bulk and supporting mass, adopt a load-bearing end face pair (56) and an end face pair (57) limited to top offset, two end face pairs concentrate design, and its axial location flushes with the center of gravity of two quality bulk as far as possible.Two opposing end surfaces of end face pair (56,57) leave allowance in radial height, the radial displacement dislocation produced during to compensate rotation, make end face pair to maximum speed, remain actv. active area static.Very close to each other between two opposing end surfaces of end face pair (57), combine axial location effect with load-bearing end face pair (56), forced limit angles to misalign change, closely participate in the transmission of force and moment.For increasing the resistance to abrasion of the secondary contact surface of end face; increase effective area of contact; protection fiber-reinforced plastic surface; and the object such as reliability and durability and absorbing; end face pair (56; 57) two opposing end surface materials adopt urethane rubber materials, the end face thin plate (65) of this material and end face chunk (66) and matrix glued together.End face chunk (66) has larger elasticity and distortion suitability, but its centrifugal load is comparatively large, is arranged on the matrix of outer ring, adopts matrix inner hole surface carrying centrifugal load.Because the load of load-bearing end face pair (56) is larger, matrix appended by selection and Wheel structure main body are structure as a whole, guaranteed load bang path has sufficient margin of strength, and one end matrix of non-bearing end face pair (57) adopts accessory structure, this accessory sticks with glue agent and main matrix is connected and fixed, and fitment material adopts the material same with main matrix phase.

Between outer ring quality bulk and inner ring quality bulk, and between inner ring quality bulk and supporting mass, the flexible zona (55) that two axial spans are larger is all set.The direct connected inner ring of each flexible zona and the main matrix in outer ring gluing.This flexible zona adopts urethane rubber materials, and not prebend distortion in installing condition, be made up of two ends root and middle body portion, root and the main matrix of band cap head are gluing, and body portion thickness radially convergent designs, to reduce maximum stress.Because the flexible zona between two masses and location end face pair have larger axial distance, inclined design is taken to these two flexible zonas, is in radial straight configuration in the hope of the zona when maximum speed.

Between steel rotating shaft (51) and supporting mass (54), be provided with steel step disk (62) and poly-urethane rubber elastomeric material ring (63).Central bore and the rotating shaft of step disk adopt circular conical surface interference to be connected, and the dish body of step disk is positioned at below supporting mass, installs elastomeric material ring between step disk and supporting mass, and the latter to be gluingly connected with the two.Elastomeric material ring play flexibly connect, load-bearing and axial location effect.

Vacuum vessel housing (52) is designed to the two halves structure of vertical axis subdivision, and circle flange (67) is positioned at the middle part of housing outer round surface, and flange is positioned at container inside.Screwde on is not established in inner flange limit, relies on the pressure compaction that container vacuum produces.Do not affect four angular ranges of the 45° angle arranging width and length at outside of containers, four sections of ear flanges (74) and screwde on thereof are set.At whole circle flange, rubber seal is set, and at the arranged outside vacuseal grease of rubber seal, and flexible metal sealing washer is set in the inner side of rubber seal.The installation supporting of housing (and whole flywheel gear) utilizes the ear flange (74) that exposes and bearing assembly (75) to be connected with vehicle frame.

Housing (52) adopts three-layer composite structure, and interlayer is glass chopped strands reinforced epoxy, and two outer surface layers are aluminum alloy materials, and interlayer is connected with outer surface layer is gluing.Between housing (52) and rotating shaft (51), magnetic fluid seal assembly is set.

The radial support bearing of rotating shaft (51) adopts two groups of antifriction-bearing boxs, and the antifriction-bearing box being positioned at lower end bears Radial load, adopts a single-groove grooved ball-bearing casing; The antifriction-bearing box being positioned at upper end bears Radial load and bi-directional axial load, and as axial location end, adopts pair of horns contact ball bearing.

The axially mounting bearing of rotating shaft (51) adopts a permanent magnetic attraction formula axially mounting magnetic suspension bearing, position is near the axial location bearing of upper end, there is a rolling disc (59) and a stationary disk (60), stationary disk is directly fixedly connected with bearing seat, rolling disc is positioned at the below of stationary disk, an air gap is had between the sides adjacent end face of two dishes, rolling disc is 45 steel axially symmetric structures, stationary disk is aluminum alloy, the rotational symmetry mixed system of electromagnetic pure iron and Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet, aluminium alloy structure is the matrix of stationary disk, the side end face relative with rolling disc is formed by the mixing pan structure of electromagnetic pure iron ring layout alternate with Nd-Fe-B permanent magnet ring, magnet ring radially or inward direction magnetize, adjacent magnet ring magnetizing direction is contrary, air-gap field magnetic attraction upwards acts on rolling disc, design the gravity being used for offsetting rotor.This magnetic suspension bearing does not have magnetic hysteresis and eddy loss.

Preposition engine petrol, maximum power 60kW, maximal power condition rotating speed 6000r/min, the power 40kW of maximal efficiency operating mode, maximal efficiency operating mode rotating speed 4000r/min.

Transmission system contains three divergence type HET half couples, namely single flywheel is adopted, divergence type HET, two-wheel drive structure: first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with flywheel (71), the rotating shaft of second half couple (being denoted as HETh12) (72) is connected with the main reduction gear of front driving axle by three gear-stage velocity ratio gear reducers (77), the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh3) (72) is connected with driving engine (76) output shaft by a single gear speed increaser, the power circuit of three HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP.

Three divergence type HET half couples are all two magnetic flux, single-stage, single circuit, paraxial coil, solid axle, axial plane types, have identical electromagnetic structure and size.Flywheel axle head half couple HETh11 meridian plane figure represents part A in fig. 22, is installed on the meridian plane figure of wheel side half couple HETh12 on vehicle frame and engine side half couple HETh3 as shown in figure 16.

The size of HET half couple: rotating shaft axial plane radius 53mm, stator body radius 138.65mm, external terminal radius 213.5mm, non-flywheel axle head half couple stator axial length 280mm.The rotating shaft rotating speed design maximum value 13793.1r/min of each half couple, principal current design maximum value 29576A.HETh11 and HETh12 electromagnetic power design maximum value is all 240kW.HETh3 electromagnetic power nominal designed value 60kW, its maximum magnetic flux is identical with HETh11, HETh12's, so HETh3, when using maximum magnetic flux and maximum speed, only needs when reaching 60kW electromagnetic power to use 1/4 of principal current design maximum value.

Each HET half couple rotor has a rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), has two rotor electric conductors (4) of symmetrical structure, two stator electric conductors (6), two excitation coils (9), two stator magnetic conducting and electric conducting bodies (7), two NaK metal liquid circuit connection area (5) and supporting passages thereof and pipelines in its left and right sides.The magnetic circuit of two magnetic flux is also symmetrical structure except both ends.The supports end cap (36) at two ends adopts aluminum alloy material, does not affect the symmetry of magnetic circuit, does not produce the axial magnetic suction to rotor as far as possible, also meets the non-magnetic requirement of the magnetic fluid seal (37) that end cap inner ring fills simultaneously.The supports end cap (36) at non-flywheel axle head half couple two ends and the supports end cap (36) of flywheel axle head half couple upper end all double as bearing seat, and within it circle is equipped with magnetic fluid seal (37).The supports end cap (36) of flywheel axle head half couple lower end is connected with the upper side wall of the vacuum vessel housing (52) of flywheel, and can slide axially mutually, rubber seal is equipped with in face to sliding cylinder.A magnetic fluid seal (37) is merged in the dynamic seal of flywheel axle head half couple lower end and the dynamic seal of vacuum vessel housing (52), and namely the former has used the latter, pays the utmost attention to the latter's sealing property.

Two excitation coils (9) pass to the electric current that size is identical, direction is contrary, and two flux field of generation are symmetrical substantially.These two excitation coils are serially connected, and can regard as a coil, have a kind of exciting current.

HET rotating shaft (2) is made up of center shaft and outer ring annulate shaft two parts interference fit.Careful axle two ends dress antifriction-bearing box in non-flywheel axle head half couple rotor, one end band shaft extension is connected with external hinge, in careful axial wood matter adopt 45 steel or 40Cr steel, outer ring annulate shaft adopts 20 steel, magnetic fluid seal (37) and outer ring annulate shaft match, outer ring annulate shaft is at this place's tool inner groovy, and one is the leakage field reducing magnet fluid sealing, also reduces stress simultaneously and concentrates.The center shaft of flywheel axle head half couple rotor and flywheel steel rotating shaft (51) share an axle, and material adopts 45 steel or 40Cr steel, and outer ring annulate shaft adopts 20 steel, and magnetic fluid seal (37) and center shaft match.

The epitrochanterian magnetic conducting and electric conducting body of HET (3) and electric conductor (4) they are all whole coil structures, all with rotating shaft (2) interference fit, and and electrical isolation between rotating shaft (2).Magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) adopts 20 steel, and electric conductor (4) adopts chromium-copper Cu-0.5Cr.Be widened into cone-shaped bottom the both ends of the surface of magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), be beneficial to magnetic conduction, be also beneficial to and reduce the stress that causes of interference fit and concentrate.Electric conductor (4) adopts the overall height identical with magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) external diameter to design, and connecting sewing adopts the filling of NaK metal liquid therebetween, and connecting sewing top and bottom adopt viton sealing member and adhesion agent sealing.Electric conductor (4) bottom is processed with two uniform liquid injection holes of circumference, be communicated with outside and metal liquid connecting sewing, liquid injection hole outer end is provided with blocking, adopts vacuum draw method during assembling fluid injection, a liquid injection hole is used for vacuumizing, and another liquid injection hole is for injecting NaK metal liquid.The bottom liquid filled of liquid injection hole can add in the volume space that connecting sewing increases when rotated, ensures that connecting sewing is full of metal liquid all the time.

The upper separation structure in second that HET stator electric conductor (6) is designed to non-whole circle, not interfering with the rotor electric conductor (4) of unit design when assembling (if electric conductor (4) in centre thin neck place be divided into about two bodies, then stator electric conductor (6) also can whole circle partial installation), be also conducive at split processing or passage, pipeline and line needed for installing simultaneously.Electric conductor (6) material selection red copper.Electric conductor (6) is designed with inlet passage and the drain passageway of NaK metal liquid, drain passageway is containing uniform 16 through holes of circumference (inserting for pipe (28)) of branch slot (25), evenly dispensing space, buffer zone (27), radial arrangement, and inlet passage is containing uniform 16 through holes of circumference (inserting for pipe (30)) of the second branch slot (26), evenly dispensing space, buffer zone (29), radial arrangement.Pipe (28,30) adopts red copper material, and during insertion respective through hole, contact surface viton sealant seals.For preventing the metal liquid of inlet passage to be heated too fast intensification, being designed with gas heat insulation gap (31), on the overhanging circuit of pipe (30), being designed with heat insulation air gap simultaneously.For ease of the narrow slit (25,26,27,29,31) in processing electric conductor (6), electric conductor (6) is divided into 4 splits (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) be set with successively, makes each narrow slit wall outside adding and being exposed to completely man-hour.The connection seam (alleged seam has the face of cylinder and end face) of 6a and 6b, and the connection seam of 6b and 6c, adopt the sealing of viton conductive adhesive, keep electric conductivity; The connection seam of 6c and 6d is positioned at top, adopts the sealing of viton sealant.

HET stator electric conductor (6a, 6d) has two rotational symmetry grooves (32), and inner end is semicircle, and install viton sebific duct (33) in groove, sebific duct Wo Zang when inside and outside pressure is barometric pressure does not give prominence in a groove.Each sebific duct has a breather pipe (34) to be attached thereto logical, and breather pipe adopts viton, and breather pipe to insert in sebific duct perforate and adhering and sealing.Breather pipe is connected to HET external attached system through electric conductor (6) and magnetizer (10).The line of centers of breather pipe is positioned on electric conductor (6) split, namely semicircle groove is outputed electric conductor (6) two halves split is corresponding, form full circle groove up and down during half merging and hold breather pipe, during assembling, breather pipe and groove wall adopt viton sealant to seal.Breather pipe is axial arranged with magnetizer (10) adjacent surface place at electric conductor (6), and when the magnetizer (10) of whole coil structures is axially installed, breather pipe is through corresponding magnetizer (10) axially extending bore.

On electric conductor (6a, 6d) second split upper near sebific duct (33), have semicircle groove, form air extractor vent (35) during half merging up and down.Before the border that air extractor vent arrives electric conductor (6a) or electric conductor (6d), air extractor vent adapter is adopted to be communicated with air extractor vent.Air extractor vent adapter material is viton, and its installation, layout and corresponding process operation are identical with the way of breather pipe (34).

HET stator electric conductor (6) second split upper adopts the sealing of viton sealant when assembling and merging.

Two stator magnetic conducting and electric conducting bodies (7), two external terminals (16), two stator magnetizers (10) of HET are all whole coil structures.Magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (7) and magnetizer (10) adopt electromagnetic pure iron, and external terminal (16) adopts red copper.Connecting sewing between stator electric conductor (6) and magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (7) adopts the filling of NaK liquid, NaK liquid is supplied by 4 apertures (44) that circumference is uniform, and connecting sewing top and bottom adopt viton sealing member and adhesion agent sealing.Magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (7) is the conical surface with the joint face of external terminal (16), this connecting sewing adopts the filling of NaK liquid, NaK liquid is supplied by 4 apertures (38) that circumference is uniform, and connecting sewing top and bottom adopt viton sealing member and adhesion agent sealing.The mechanical connection of two external terminals (16) and two magnetizers (10) adopts the bolted of alternate directions layout, i.e. odd number bolted two external terminals and left side magnetizer, even numbers bolted two external terminals and right side magnetizer.Be designed with the elastic cone packing ring (39) of quality of rubber materials, transmit the Axial stress in bolt of fastening magnetizer (10), axial compression excitation coil (9), stator electric conductor (6a, 6b), stator magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (7) successively.

Two external terminals (16) process groove and the through hole of 16 groups of uniform concentrics of circumference, the mandrel (40) coaxially outreaching conductor is fitted with groove surfaces, the clearance filled gallium-indium-tin alloy liquid of binding face (gallium indium tin ratio is 62: 25: 13), is sealed by viton seal ring (42); The tube wall (41) coaxially outreaching conductor is fitted with through-hole surfaces, and the clearance filled gallium-indium-tin alloy liquid of binding face (gallium indium tin ratio is 62: 25: 13), is sealed by viton seal ring (43); Vacuum aspiration is adopted when filling gallium-indium-tin alloy liquid.Mandrel (40) and tube wall (41) adopt fine aluminium material.Between mandrel (40) and tube wall (41), leave gap, heat taken away by the transformer oil that flows wherein.

Excitation coil (9) adopts the whole coil structures of continuous winding, middle without connection-peg, without split.

On the rotor wall of circuit connection area (5), be processed with erosion-wear-resisting and the superficial layer of conduction, superficial layer is electrosilvering antimony alloy.

In HET external attached system, corresponding each circuit connection area (5) is provided with the outside stream of a circulation NaK liquid, stream liquid feeding end is communicated with the gathering tube of 16 pipes (28), and stream outlet end is communicated with the gathering tube of 16 pipes (30).In each outside stream, from stream liquid feeding end side, be disposed with volume adjustment valve, solid impurities filter, circulation pump, bubble stripper, radiator.

Volume adjustment valve adopts membrane configuration, and barrier film material is viton, and the stepper motor exported by band straight-line displacement that moves axially of barrier film drives, and is closed surround and the volume adjustable chamber sealed and outside fluid communication by barrier film and valve body.

Solid impurities filter adopts nickel material powder metallurgy porous material to make filter core, makes whole NaK liquid of outside stream flow through filter core, retains solid impurities anterior in filter core.

Circulation pump adopts centrifugal pump, and by the direct motor drive of adjustable rotating speed, the rotating shaft of centrifugal impeller adopts viton packing seal.

Bubble stripper adopts nickel material powder metallurgy porous material as gas liquid separation element, whole NaK liquid flows through the passage surrounded by this element surface face more slowly, there is a chamber be communicated with air cavity around circuit connection area (5) in this member outboard face, bubble in NaK liquid is driven across breakaway-element hole by inside and outside side pressure difference, obtain filtering and return original air cavity, and NaK liquid is limited very greatly to pass breakaway-element hole because of surface tension.

Radiator is tube shell type structure, and NaK liquid is at heat exchange Bottomhole pressure, and transformer oil flows in pipe shell, and heat exchanger tube outer wall is with fin.

HET has a set of transformer oil circulating system, wherein containing transformer oil circulation pump, a transformer oil air cooling heat exchanger and a solid impurities filter, circulation pump adopts centrifugal pump or axial-flow pump, the parallel connection of driving transformer oil is flow through the shell-side of 4 NaK liquid radiatores and coaxially outreaches the intermediate gaps of conductor, and concentrate the pipe inner flow passage and the solid impurities filter that flow through fin tube type air cooling heat exchanger, cooling air is driven by external fan.Before circulation pump is positioned at air cooling heat exchanger and after filter, transformer oil experience successively radiator and coaxial conductor heat absorption heats up and step-down, in filter step-down, in circulation pump supercharging and intensification, continuous iterative cycles process in air cooler heat release cooling and step-down.

In the inner side of HET rotating shaft bearings at both ends, magnetic fluid dynamic seal (37) is set.Except the static seal described above, stator is also provided with following static seal everywhere: between part 37 and part 36, between part 36 and part 10, between part 10 and part 16, between two parts 16 (insulation and sealing), between pipe (28,30) and part 10 (adopting seal ring 45), between breather pipe (34) and part 10, between the adapter of air extractor vent (35) and part 10.In the confining gas chamber be made up of above-mentioned sealing and other object correlations, nitrogen is housed.

When a complete set of system assembles of HET, fill nitrogen and metal liquid.First the enclosure space occupied is vacuumized by nitrogen and NaK liquid, this space is a space (sealing sebific duct (33) the not Expansion sealing be interconnected, vacuumize in its pipe) simultaneously, stator intrinsic NaK liquid connecting sewing is contained in this space, containing the outside stream of NaK liquid, the chamber containing bubble stripper gas liquid separation element lateral surface.Again nitrogen pressurising is used to sealed rubber pipe (33), sebific duct outer wall is sealed with rotor wall and contacts.Continue to keep the vacuum pumping to two air extractor vents (35), simultaneously, from NaK liquid exterior line injects liquid, carry out according to serial transmission line order, NaK liquid is filled to the vacuum chamber be connected with circuit connection area, the effect of application vacuum draw, makes NaK liquid be full of the space sealed by sebific duct (33).Again to sebific duct (33) decompression depressurization, fill nitrogen by air extractor vent (35) to gas chamber, in the pipe of sebific duct (33), nitrogen pressure controls consistent with gas chamber.

Two excitation coils of each HET half couple are serially connected with rotation direction opposite way, regard as an antithesis coil, pass to a kind of exciting current.The exciting current of three and half couples is denoted as Ih11, Ih12, Ih3.Because the magnetic field of divergence type HET tri-and half couple has independence mutually, therefore its total magnetic flux can be expressed as:

∑Φh11＝Ffh11(|I0|，Ih11)(32)

∑Φh12＝Ffh12(|I0|，Ih12)(33)

∑Φh3＝Ffh3(|I0|，Ih3)(34)

Electromagnetic structure again due to three and half couples is measure-alike, and regular consistent, therefore functional form is identical, can be denoted as a functional form Ffh (), that is:

∑Φh11＝Ffh(|I0|，Ih11)(35)

∑Φh12＝Ffh(|I0|，Ih12)(36)

∑Φh3＝Ffh(|I0|，Ih3)(37)

Meanwhile, corresponding rule content calculated amount can reduce, and only calculates in one and half couples.

As follows to the adjustment control method of two kinds of loss summation minimum principles that three HET half couple cascade systems adopt.

Overall loss are taken as the summation of principal current ohm heat (I0I0R0) and each exciting current ohm heat (∑ Poi), and wherein R0 and Ri is taken as definite value.

The field of application of given three axle rotating speeds, the field of application of Mhe12, the field of application of Mhe3 or Mhe11, utilize electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (14), (16), (17), (21), (24), or (22) (26), wherein R0 is taken as definite value) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((35), (36), (37)), calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system.

When regulating execution, rotating speed (the ω h11 of instantaneous acquiring three rotors, ω h12, ω h3), as initial conditions, provide the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe3 or Mhe11, also as initial conditions, from control system, calling associated storage data, adopting spline interpolation function formulae discovery to obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt, for performing link.

As follows to the adjustment control method of three kinds of loss summation minimum principles that three HET half couple cascade systems adopt.

Overall loss are taken as the summation of principal current ohm heat (I0I0R0), each exciting current ohm heat (∑ Poi) and circuit connection area liquid metal frictional heat, and wherein, R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS, and Ri is taken as definite value.

The field of application of given three axle rotating speeds, the field of application of Mhe12, the field of application of Mhe3 or Mhe11, the field of application of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter MLS, utilize electromagnetic laws formula ((12), (14), (16), (17), (21), (24), or (22) (26), wherein R0 is taken as the function of liquid metal state parameter MLS) and above-mentioned multidimensional variable functional relation ((35), (36), (37)), calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value Iiopt matrix and the liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system.

When regulating execution, rotating speed (the ω h11 of instantaneous acquiring three rotors, ω h12, ω h3), as initial conditions, provide the instruction of required torque M he12, Mhe3 or Mhe11, also as initial conditions, from control system, calling associated storage data, adopting spline interpolation function formulae discovery to obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value Iiopt and liquid metal state parameter optimum value MLSopt, for performing link.

The control of excitation coil DC current size, adopts DC chopper.

Outreach on conductor in flywheel axle head HET half couple, parallel connection picks out the wire connecting external dc power, in order to realize to flywheel carry out plug-in fill can or unloading.Fill for carrying out plug-in to flywheel the external power supply that can or unload, adopt the tunable voltage dc power supply equipment of the connection grid alternating current be arranged in vehicle, design maximum power 7kW.Carry out plug-in fill can time, disconnect the circuit connection area (5) of non-flywheel axle head HET half couple, connect the circuit connection area (5) of flywheel axle head half couple, connecting makes HET flywheel end rotor flux reach the associated excitation coil of maxim, and maintain maximum exciting current always, regulate direct current power source voltage size equal with HET flywheel end rotor motor-driven gesture, direction in contrast, principal current circuit and direct supply are connected, heighten direct current power source voltage to reaching the specified limit value of plug-in principal current or plug-in power rating limit value, fill lasting adjustment in energy boosting velocity procedure at flywheel and heighten direct current power source voltage, keep plug-in principal current and/or the plug-in power of specified limit value, current limit is front, Power Limitation is rear, Power Limitation is only had when Speed of Reaction Wheels starting point is higher, at the end of filling energy, first turn down direct current power source voltage to obtaining zero current, principal current circuit and direct supply disconnect, and cancel HET excitation.When carrying out plug-in unloading, set up procedure is the same, and direction of current is contrary, and operating sequence is contrary, namely turns down direct current power source voltage to reaching plug-in unloading power rating limit value or the specified limit value of plug-in unloading principal current.

When flywheel has useful capacity or reclaiming kinetic energy, prioritizing selection adopts flywheel energy or reclaims kinetic energy fire an engine, and directly drags driving engine to idling speed, then oil spout is lighted.

During vehicle immobilization, with the operation of flywheel energy fire an engine, worked as follows by control system: the circuit connection area (5) connecting three HET half couples, provide the anti-electromagnetic torque Mhe3 value instruction of dragging engine starting of a setting, zero is set as to electromagnetic torque Mhe12 simultaneously, adopt corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method to carry out control operation to HET cascade system, utilize flywheel energy fire an engine to reach idling speed.

When vehicle travels, with flywheel energy or the operation of reclaiming kinetic energy fire an engine, worked as follows by control system: the anti-electromagnetic torque Mhe3 value instruction of dragging engine starting providing a setting, maintain the original instruction of electromagnetic torque Mhe12 simultaneously, adopt corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method to carry out control operation to HET cascade system, utilize flywheel energy or its few energy fire an engine reclaimed to reach idling speed.

Driving engine with governor, operating condition by governor regulable control on the operating mode circuit connecting idling operation, maximal efficiency operating mode and maximal power condition point, and in adjustment buffer strip areas near this circuit.In torque-speed figure (longitudinal axis torque, transverse axis rotating speed) on the whole piece operating mode circuit that represents above, the rotating speed of each point, torque, power, accelerator open degree are from start to finish monotone increasings, and select the best efficiency point of a series of equipower line to form preferred operating mode circuit.Above-mentioned adjustment operating mode circuit is transformed to the curve on accelerator open degree-speed diagram, when regulating, when the rotating speed detected and accelerator open degree state point are positioned at (higher rotation speed side) on the right side of circuit, then reduce accelerator open degree, otherwise then increasing accelerator open degree.

Filling the driving engine prioritizing selection use maximal efficiency operating mode of energy during vehicle immobilization to flywheel, when needing the shorter load time, using the operating mode of relatively high power, until maximal power condition.Before the driving engine loading condition arriving above-mentioned selection, what have one to start from idling operation rises operating mode transient process, before loading, the rotating speed of flywheel is not less than index rotating speed, namely when stand under load power capability is not less than driving engine loading condition power, rise operating mode transient process very fast, when the rotating speed of flywheel before loading is lower than index rotating speed, rise operating mode transient process just with the course synchronization of flywheel raising speed to index rotating speed, at this moment the larger direct torque to flywheel is selected, to accelerate transient process.

When here is the vehicle immobilization of three kinds of typical case, driving engine fills the scheme of energy to flywheel:

The situation of initial zero rotating speed of flywheel: the circuit connection area (5) connecting three HET half couples, corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method is adopted to carry out control operation to HET cascade system: to provide Mhe12 zero instruction, Mhe11 instruction is provided by two sections, leading portion Mhe11 instruction is constantly equal to maximum torque Mhe11max, be converted to power limitation control when Speed of Reaction Wheels ω h11 touches the mark rotational speed omega h11p, Mhe11 instruction equals the ratio Pload/ ω h11 of driving engine loading condition power and Speed of Reaction Wheels.

Flywheel initial speed non-zero but lower than the situation of index rotating speed: the circuit connection area (5) connecting three HET half couples, corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method is adopted to carry out control operation to HET cascade system: to provide Mhe12 zero instruction, Mhe11 instruction is provided by three sections, leading portion Mhe11 instruction adopts fast from the curve of zero to maximum torque Mhe11max, stage casing Mhe11 instruction is constantly equal to maximum torque Mhe11max, be converted to power limitation control when Speed of Reaction Wheels ω h11 touches the mark rotational speed omega h11p, Mhe11 instruction equals Pload/ ω h11.

Flywheel initial speed is higher than the situation of index rotating speed: the circuit connection area (5) connecting three HET half couples, corresponding divergence type HET adjustment control method is adopted to carry out control operation to HET cascade system: to provide Mhe12 zero instruction, Mhe11 instruction is provided by two sections, leading portion Mhe11 instruction adopts fast from the curve of zero to Pload/ ω h11, and back segment Mhe11 instruction equals Pload/ ω h11.

Load rotating speed higher limit for flywheel is arranged, namely to till the filling and can load and arrive this limit value with rotating speed of flywheel, this rotating speed higher limit is taken as flywheel maximum speed 13793.1r/min.

For flywheel arranges working speed lower limit 9194.5r/min, when Speed of Reaction Wheels arrives working speed lower limit from high to low, flywheel stops horsepower output, and startup fills energy to flywheel loading, before Speed of Reaction Wheels rises to middle limit value rotating speed 9655.2r/min, do not re-use flywheel and drive vehicle.

When vehicle travels, rotation between flywheel overall raising speed stage (having reduction of speed once in a while) and these two stages of the overall falling-rate period of flywheel (having raising speed once in a while) all the time.When the conversion of current generation and next stage, keep driving or the free of discontinuities continuity of abrupt deceleration vehicle torque, that is: wheel side torque M he12 remains unchanged, driving engine and the torque of flywheel side and power is round and smooth equilibratedly crosses.

In the flywheel overall raising speed stage: start from working speed lower limit, finally load rotating speed higher limit; Driving engine is horsepower output all the time, even if when flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle; Region between working speed lower limit to middle limit value rotating speed, driving engine operates in maximal power condition; At middle limit value rotating speed to the region loaded between rotating speed higher limit, engine operation condition is preferably in maximal efficiency operating mode, for loading flywheel and driving vehicle, when driving engine is when the power P maxe of maximal efficiency operating mode is all for driving vehicle to still have deficiency, flywheel is transferred horsepower output and is assisted to drive, when flywheel driving power reach at that time maxim or not enough time, increase engine power, namely by power P maxe to maximum power Pmax transition, until flywheel drives maximum power and maximum power all for driving vehicle.

The overall falling-rate period of flywheel: start from and load rotating speed higher limit, working speed lower limit finally; Driving engine is horsepower output once in a while; During flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle, driving engine does not run; To fly wd vehicle, when flywheel driving power reach maxim at that time still have deficiency time, add engine power Pmaxe, the corresponding range of decrease of flywheel power simultaneously, when flywheel maximum power and Pmaxe sum still have deficiency, increase engine power, namely by power P maxe to maximum power Pmax transition.

Power steering unit is set at vehicular drive seat: drive pedal, brake pedal, 1 grade, positive car, positive 2 grades, car, positive 3 grades, car, reversing 1 grade of initial setting joystick.

Drive the output of pedal stroke correspondence from the driving torque relative value instruction of zero to maxim, torque and stroke adopt nonlinear relationship, and starting stage torque increase is more slow, to be easy to realize the control to the slow moving velocity of vehicle.Driving torque maxim refers to current available maxim, is calculated according to current state measurement parameter by power control system.

Brake-pedal travel is divided into successively two sections, in the corresponding recover kinetic energy braking torque relative value from zero to maxim of first stroke, in the corresponding friction braking torque relative value from zero to maxim of rear stroke, keep the recover kinetic energy braking torque of maxim at rear stroke simultaneously.Recover kinetic energy braking is reclaimed to flywheel by vehicle energy by the transmission of HET backward power stream, and friction braking is that vehicle energy is converted to heat energy by employing four wheel friction brake disks.Recover kinetic energy braking torque maxim is current available maxim, is calculated according to current state measurement parameter by power control system.

1 grade, positive car, positive 2 grades, car, positive 3 grades, car, reversing 1 grade of initial setting joystick are taken into account vehicle ahead and astern and are arranged and the setting of initial speed ratio gear, and 1 grade of transmitting ratio is comparatively large, and 2 grades of transmitting ratios are placed in the middle, and 3 grades of transmissions are smaller.Positive car 1 grade of initial setting refers to, at the positive car moving velocity of vehicle within the scope of zero to the first middle switch speed, three gear-stage velocity ratio gear reducers are positioned at 1 grade of transmitting ratio state, in the middle of first within the scope of switch speed to a second middle switch speed, be positioned at 2 grades of transmitting ratio states, in the middle of second, switch speed is within the scope of vehicle maximum speed, is positioned at 3 grades of transmitting ratio states; Positive car 2 grades of initial settings refer to, at the positive car moving velocity of vehicle within the scope of zero to the second middle switch speed, be positioned at 2 grades of transmitting ratio states, in the middle of second, switch speed is within the scope of vehicle maximum speed, is positioned at 3 grades of transmitting ratio states; Positive car 3 grades of initial settings refer to, three gear-stage velocity ratio gear reducers are positioned at 3 grades of transmitting ratio states all the time.1 grade of initial setting of moveing backward refers to, at vehicle backing moving velocity within the scope of zero to one middle speed, three gear-stage velocity ratio gear reducers are positioned at 1 grade of transmitting ratio state, and speed limit is no more than this middle speed.During reversing, HETh12 rotating shaft and rear axle mechanism reversion thereof, do not have ad hoc reverse-gear group.

Gear-change operation in traveling is controlled automatically by power control system, when reaching predetermined gear conversion rate, control makes transmitting torque reduce to zero, throw off former gear, use the synchronous two parts for engaging of synchro friction, mount new gear, then the torque needed for transmitting by driving torque instruction at that time.

The mechanical connection of vehicle flywheel is loaded and fills and system can adopt following order composition proposal: load joint, loading end vertical divergence type half couple HETho (Figure 25) and arm-and-hand system, energy supply end vertical divergence type half couple HEThi (Figure 26), finishing bevel gear cuter speed increaser, horizontal synchronous electrical motor.Load rating horsepower 2000kW.

HETho rotating shaft doubles as loading rotating shaft, and load joint and be assemblied in loading rotating shaft upper end, loading joint and vehicle flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc (69) adopt outer armful sebific duct fluid pressure type connection structure.Load joint and there is hydraulic connecting dish (80) and flower keyboard (81), flower keyboard is connected and torsion pass with the invoice serration loading rotating shaft, seam is adopted to locate between hydraulic connecting dish and flower keyboard, and with circumferential uniform four straight pins (87) torsion pass, adopt four screws (88) to be adjacent to fixing by the center end face of hydraulic connecting dish and the axial end loading rotating shaft.The outer rim of hydraulic connecting dish is in the cylinder type protruded upward, circumferential recess is had at the inwall of cylindrical portions, the cushion rubber (82) of a polyurethane material is arranged in groove, cushion rubber outside face has longer inner cylinder face and longer external cylindrical surface, cushion rubber includes the annular circular hole of three axial array, corresponding each annular circular hole has the uniform radial direction through hole laterally of two circumferences, the orientation of this two rows radial direction through hole corresponding, the two-way hydraulic circuit (83) being communicated with radial direction through hole is processed in hydraulic connecting dish inside, two-way hydraulic circuit converges at the axle center oilhole of hydraulic connecting dish, this axle center oilhole is docked and connected with the axis through-hole (84) loaded in rotating shaft (i.e. HETho rotating shaft).Hydraulic oil by the Hydraulic Station supply of subsystem, the oil circuit being input to axis through-hole (84) by pipeline with the seal joint of HETho rotating shaft lower end spindle nose and being communicated with.The groove surfaces adhesive sealing of the outer cylinder surface of cushion rubber and bullnose surface and hydraulic connecting dish, to ensure the Butt sealing of two row's radial direction through hole and hydraulic circuit.Hydraulic circuit through emptying oil-filled after, when not pressurizeing, cushion rubber keep original shape, the inner periphery radius of cushion rubber is greater than flywheel loading disc outer cylinder surface radius 0.5mm, now can handle loading head and move axially (being toward or away from); When increasing hydraulic oil pressure, cushion rubber bore pressure improves, and cushion rubber expands, and the inner periphery reduced radius of cushion rubber, plays the effect of holding flywheel loading disc outer cylinder surface tightly; After hydraulic oil pressure reduces, cushion rubber returns to original shape again.When loading rotating shaft and rotating, the centrifugal modelling of generation can make cushion rubber bore hydraulic fluid pressure raise, and the centnifugal force simultaneously also increasing cushion rubber itself makes its inner periphery to outer displacement.For avoiding the uncertainty of centrifugal modelling and action effect thereof, before loading rotating shaft does not reach loading control position, and when loading rotating shaft is left from loading control position, loading rotating shaft is all made to be in zero rotary regimes.At engaging zones residual air when embracing loading disc outward for preventing cushion rubber, two cannelures (85) are processed at loading disc external cylindrical surface, branch in two annular circular hole axial locations of the corresponding cushion rubber of axial location of groove, and on loading disc, process the uniform deflation hole (86) of two groups of circumferences, groove is in communication with the outside.

Loading end vertical divergence type half couple HETho (Figure 25) and energy supply end vertical divergence type half couple HEThi (Figure 26) are arranged on same axial line, all adopt two-stage to connect outward, the electromagnetic structure pattern of every grade of two magnetic flux, paraxial excitation coil, half high rotor electric conductor (4).The principal parameter of each half couple: electromagnetism rating horsepower 2000kW, rated speed of rotation 10000r/min, principal current rated value 65644A, electro-motive force rated value 30.5V, rotating shaft axial plane radius 85.285mm, rotor maximum radius 145.8mm, stator body radius 232.8mm, external terminal radius 342.8mm, stator axial length 600.5mm, rotor quality 175kg.

Half couple HETho (Figure 25) has most of identical CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION with half couple HEThi (Figure 26) with divergence type HET half couple (Figure 16) that automotive power detailed description of the invention adopts, the latter describes existing above, and the main difference part of divergence type HET half couple that only double couple HETho and HEThi and Figure 16 represents below is described.

HETho and HEThi has the two-layer configuration of series connection, substantially be that single step arrangement series combination as shown in Figure 16 forms, four excitation coils (9) of two single step arrangements are reduced to three excitation coil (9) (corresponding Figure 10 of two-stage series connection structure, Figure 25, exciting current I1 in Figure 26, I2, I3), namely the midway location in former four excitation coils, and a coil (I3) merged into by another two coils caused in exciting current direction, original two main magnetic circuits are merged into a main magnetic circuit simultaneously, eliminate original two stator magnetizers (10).Exciting current is that two end-coils of I1 and I2 have identical structure and the number of turn, and because magnetic structure is also symmetrical, the magnetic flux by rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body produced when I1 and I2 is equal also has onesize.Exciting current is that the intermediate coil of I3 has the more number of turn, and the number of turn of arrangement ensures that the magnetic flux that I3 rated value produces is identical with the magnetic flux size that I1 with I2 rated value produces, and namely has the effect that two single step arrangements are added.In practical application, the wire of three excitation coils serial connection, I1 and I2 is equal and opposite in direction all the time, direction is also identical, I3 and I1 direction is contrary, the ratio equaling its number of turn than all the time of the numerical value of I3 and I1, this, simplifies the functional relation that whole rotor flux and its influence factor change.

Between the two-stage of each half couple, between HETho and HEThi, the connection of main current circuit adopts the mixing flexible cable scheme (Figure 24, Figure 25, Figure 26) be arranged between external terminal (16).Mixing flexible cable uses the red copper conductor material of wire diameter a few tenths of a mm, the circular flexible bundle conductor (91) of outline diameter 6mm is made up of thin wire, between the external terminal being connected to each half couple two-stage according to scheme shown in Figure 24, Figure 25 and Figure 26, and between the external terminal of HETho and HEThi.The bundle conductor in same paths, same current direction radially forms a line, each column wire bundle alternatively mixing of different path, different direction of current lines up secter pat, along the secter pat that Zhou Junbu eight is such, reserve between secter pat for other pipeline and the space passed through that goes between.Bundle conductor and red copper external terminal brazing, or by red copper middle transition terminal and the two brazing.Bundle conductor length between HETho and HEThi external terminal should meet HETho and load rotating shaft upwards and sway reach the limit requirements of control position, namely there is sufficient telescopic flexible.

Arm-and-hand system arranges three spherical hinge fulcrums (P1, P2, P3 tri-fulcrum) at HETho outside face, in the attached body rectangular coordinate system being longitudinal axis Zb with HETho rotating shaft core line, three fulcrums have identical Zb coordinate (getting this place Zb value is zero), the distance of three fulcrums and Zb axle also identical (distance is R=340mm), three fulcrums are taken on Xb axle along Zhou Junbu, P1 point.Six straight line stepping executive devices are adopted to control the absolute coordinates of three fulcrums, get the absolute rectangular coordinate system (X in ground, Y, Z) overlap with the attached body rectangular coordinate system (Xb, Yb, Zb) of initial position, the Z axis coordinate of three fulcrums is directly controlled, the Y-axis coordinate of P1 point is directly controlled, and the X-axis coordinate of P2 and P3 point is directly controlled, and the X-axis coordinate of P1 point, the Y-axis coordinate of P2 and P3 point to be rigidly connected relation and indirectly controlled by three fulcrums.The Z axis of each fulcrum controls: (cylindrical movement being specially tape guide slide key is secondary to adopt the prism kinematic pair of reinforcement member, lower same), lower-end member is rigidly secured to motionless frame and basis, the upper end of lower-end member is processed with the cylindrical hole seat of band keyway, the lower end of upper component is processed with the shaft extension of band key, be assembled into prism kinematic pair, connect straight line stepping executive device below axle stretch end and (be specially stepping motor and screw nut driven mechanism, output shaft down together), straight line stepping executive device under-chassis is fixed in lower-end member.The Y-axis of P1 point controls: adopt prism kinematic pair, one of them component is the secondary upper component of P1 point Z axis controlled motion, configure the cylindrical hole seat of a pair axial line band keyway parallel with Y-axis thereon, another component two ends have the shaft extension of band key, centre has the axial line cylindrical hole seat not with keyway parallel with X-axis, two ends shaft extension and pair of holes seat are assembled into prism kinematic pair, one end shaft extension connects the output shaft of straight line stepping executive device, and straight line stepping executive device under-chassis is fixed on upper component.The X-axis of P2 point (P3 point) controls: adopt prism kinematic pair, one of them component is the secondary upper component of P2 point (P3 point) Z axis controlled motion, configure the cylindrical hole seat of a pair axial line band keyway parallel with X-axis thereon, another component two ends have the shaft extension of band key, centre has the axial line cylindrical hole seat not with keyway parallel with Y-axis, two ends shaft extension and pair of holes seat are assembled into prism kinematic pair, one end shaft extension connects the output shaft of straight line stepping executive device, and straight line stepping executive device under-chassis is fixed on upper component.At three not with in the cylindrical hole seat of keyway, each assembling cylindrical piston, in the end face center of close Z axis one end of piston, a spherical joint bearing seat is installed, spherical hinge is synthesized with the sphere bar head group matched, the centre of sphere of three spherical hinges is exactly P1 point, P2 point, P3 point, and the pole of three band sphere bar heads is fixedly connected on above the bearing ring flat-plate (92) set up at HETho stator upper flanges place.

Fit applications arm-and-hand system, checking system to vehicle vertical flywheel rotating shaft orientation, adopt non-contact distance-measurement instrument, nine range data on measure flywheel rotating shaft end and rotating shaft concentric symmetrical connecting element between three survey beacon points and three fixed datums of checking system, calculate the space three-dimensional absolute coordinates determining three survey beacon points, thus determine flywheel shaft end spaces position and direction angle (three spatial coordinatess and both direction angle).The job procedure carried out before loading: open flywheel axle head protective cover, flywheel shaft end spaces position and direction angle are determined in measurement, utilize arm-and-hand system that HETho adjustment is moved to ready position, and the attitude that axial line overlaps with flywheel, then rectilinear translation HETho is to loading control position.For guaranteeing that loading front joint centering carries out smoothly, add guiding measure: in flywheel shaft end housing, set up the guiding collar (90), HETho upper shaft bearing has been set up pilot sleeve (89), and the two is engaged in when engaging centering and plays auxiliary directional tagging.When this guiding measure also can be used for manually engaging centering.

The rating horsepower 2000kW of horizontal synchronous electrical motor, runs under synchronous speed 3000r/min after starting, when needs vehicle flywheel energy storage unloads to electrical network, can use as synchronous electric generator by antikinesis.Finishing bevel gear cuter speed increaser has a pair spiral bevel gear through roll flute, and two axial lines is orthogonal, and speed increasing ratio is 3.333.

Fixed bearing device to carriage frame is set, adopt three point support structure, i.e. vehicle front 2 and a rear dot point, three hydraulic jacks are arranged between vehicle frame standard setting supporting bottom surface and ground support, by Systematical control jack-up vehicle after vehicle carry, built on stilts tire, fixing vehicle frame, makes the flywheel position be seated on vehicle frame obtain stable.

Claims (58)

1. an automotive power, comprise: a combustion fuel exports the driving engine of shaft work, one or two accumulated energy flywheel device, the transmission system of connecting engine, flywheel gear and main reducing gear of drive axle, and their control system, it is characterized in that: transmission system contains monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine (HET).

2. power system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: accumulated energy flywheel device is the vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device being arranged in vehicle chassis, a flywheel gear contains the wheel body of rotation, a rotating shaft (51), bearing in rotating shaft, vacuum vessel housing (52), shaft centerline is perpendicular to ground, wheel body is many bodies axially symmetric structure, wheel body contains one or more quality bulk (53) and at least one supporting mass (54), these structures are disposed in order successively with the little loop type of big ring sleeve, quality bulk is positioned at outmost turns and time outer ring of rotation, supporting mass is positioned at the inner ring of quality bulk, the fiber-reinforced polymer that quality bulk is wound around by circumference is formed, adopt the flexible zona (55 of two groups of axisymmetric shape, 58) adjacent inner ring and outer ring structure body is connected, a ventricumbent end face of outer ring structure body is placed on a supine end face of inner ring structure body, two end faces are load-bearing end face pair (56), a supine end face of outer ring structure body is placed in the below of a ventricumbent end face of inner ring structure body, two end faces are the end face pair (57 limiting upwards displacement, 64), this end face pair is designed to together with central combination with load-bearing end face pair, form boss and recessinterengaging means.

3. the power system as described in claim 1 to 2, it is characterized in that: a set of HET contains two cover rotors, a set of stator, external attached system and regulation and control system, each rotor there is the magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3) of one or more axisymmetric shape, stator there is two or more direct-flow magnet exciting coil (9) be wound around around axial line (1), it is closed loop that magnetic circuit is guided by the axially symmetric structure part on rotor and stator, have two main magnetic circuits (22) at least, magnetic circuit is through rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body (3), there is at most a main magnetic circuit (22) simultaneously through the magnetic conducting and electric conducting body of two rotors, be configured with a set of closed main current loop (23), this circuit in series connects whole rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting bodies, principal current direction on rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body and magnetic flux (Φ) direction orthogonal at meridian plane, by regulating the electric current (I1 of each excitation coil, I2, ), regulate direct current principal current (I0), the electromagnetic torque of each rotor and electromagnetic power.

4. power system as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the axial line often overlapping two rotors of HET overlaps, two rotors (concentrated HET) adjacent to each other.

5. power system as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that: often overlap the terminal (16) that concentrated HET has two row external sources, connect the principal current circuit comprising rotor magnetic conducting and electric conducting body, there is liquid metal change-over swith (15), for liquid of finding time before external source, disconnect original main current loop, fill can or unload to carry out plug-in to each flywheel respectively.

6. the power system as described in claim 4,5, it is characterized in that: adopt an accumulated energy flywheel device and two concentrated HET, a HET (being denoted as HET1) is positioned at flywheel end, its input end rotor and flywheel share a rotating shaft, another HET (being denoted as HET3) is positioned at engine end, its input end rotor is connected with the output shaft of driving engine, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, its mouth rotor is connected with take-off (propeller) shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 3) by a power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 3).

7. power system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET1, be provided with bevel-gear sett, a finishing bevel gear cuter and this rotating shaft direct connection, another finishing bevel gear cuter is connected with main reducing gear of drive axle with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 1) by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) successively, or power-transfer clutch 1 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between main reduction gear or step change compares retarder, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, be connected by one group of gear between transmission shaft 1 with transmission shaft 3, to form single flywheel, concentrated HET, two-wheel drive structure.

8. power system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET1, be provided with bevel-gear sett, a finishing bevel gear cuter and this rotating shaft direct connection, another finishing bevel gear cuter is connected with the part-time case or interaxle differential distributing antero posterior axis propulsive effort with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 1) by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) successively, or power-transfer clutch 1 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between part-time case or interaxle differential or step change compares retarder, part-time case or interaxle differential are connected with former and later two main reducing gear of drive axles again, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, be connected by one group of gear between transmission shaft 1 with transmission shaft 3, to form single flywheel, concentrated HET, with the four wheel drive structure of transfer.

9. power system as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET1, be provided with trident bevel gear set, comprise a vertical shaft drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differentials, drive bevel gear and this rotating shaft direct connection, a driven wheel of differential is connected with the main reduction gear of a drive axle with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 1) by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) successively, or power-transfer clutch 1 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between main reduction gear or step change compares retarder, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, another driven wheel of differential is successively by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 2), interaxle differential is connected with the main reduction gear of another drive axle with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 2), or power-transfer clutch 2 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between main reduction gear or step change compares retarder, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, be connected by one group of gear between transmission shaft 1 with transmission shaft 3, to form single flywheel, concentrated HET, direct four wheel drive structure.

10. as claim 4, power system described in 5, it is characterized in that: the accumulated energy flywheel device adopting two rotation directions contrary and three concentrated HET, first HET (being denoted as HET1) is positioned at a flywheel end, second HET (being denoted as HET2) is positioned at another flywheel end, the flywheel that the input end rotor of HET1 and HET2 is all corresponding with it shares a rotating shaft, 3rd HET (being denoted as HET3) is positioned at engine end, its input end rotor is connected with the output shaft of driving engine, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, its mouth rotor is connected with take-off (propeller) shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 3) by a power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 3).

11. power systems as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that: the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET1 is provided with trident bevel gear set (containing a vertical shaft drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differentials), drive bevel gear wherein and this rotating shaft direct connection, the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET2 is provided with bevel-gear sett, one of them finishing bevel gear cuter and this rotating shaft direct connection, another finishing bevel gear cuter is wherein connected by a universal drive shaft with a driven wheel of differential of trident bevel gear set, another driven wheel of differential of trident bevel gear set is connected with main reducing gear of drive axle with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 1) by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) successively, or power-transfer clutch 1 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between main reduction gear or step change compares retarder, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, be connected by one group of gear between transmission shaft 1 with transmission shaft 3, to form free wheels, concentrated HET, two-wheel drive structure.

12. power systems as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that: the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET1 is provided with trident bevel gear set (containing a vertical shaft drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differentials), drive bevel gear wherein and this rotating shaft direct connection, the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET2 is provided with bevel-gear sett, one of them finishing bevel gear cuter and this rotating shaft direct connection, another finishing bevel gear cuter is wherein connected by a universal drive shaft with a driven wheel of differential of trident bevel gear set, another driven wheel of differential of trident bevel gear set is connected with the part-time case or interaxle differential distributing antero posterior axis propulsive effort with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 1) by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) successively, or power-transfer clutch 1 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between part-time case or interaxle differential or step change compares retarder, part-time case or interaxle differential are connected with former and later two main reducing gear of drive axles again, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, be connected by one group of gear between transmission shaft 1 with transmission shaft 3, to form free wheels, concentrated HET, with the four wheel drive structure of transfer.

13. power systems as claimed in claim 10, it is characterized in that: the mouth rotor shaft upper end of HET1 and HET2 is provided with trident bevel gear set (containing a vertical shaft drive bevel gear and two driven wheel of differentials), two drive bevel gear difference direct connections are in two above-mentioned rotating shafts, each driven wheel of differential above HET1 with HET2 is connected by a universal drive shaft, another driven wheel of differential above HET1 is connected with the main reduction gear of a drive axle with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 1) by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 1) successively, or power-transfer clutch 1 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between main reduction gear or step change compares retarder, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, another driven wheel of differential above HET2 is successively by transmission shaft (being denoted as transmission shaft 2), interaxle differential is connected with the main reduction gear of another drive axle with power-transfer clutch (being denoted as power-transfer clutch 2), or power-transfer clutch 2 be also connected in series a fixed speed ratio retarder between main reduction gear or step change compares retarder, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, be connected by one group of gear between transmission shaft 1 with transmission shaft 3, to form free wheels, concentrated HET, direct four wheel drive structure.

14. power systems as described in claim 7,8,11,12, is characterized in that: drive or recover kinetic energy abrupt deceleration vehicle time, engaging clutch 1, when driving engine runs, engaging clutch 3, when driving engine does not run, holdback clutch 3, to flywheel carry out plug-in fill can or unloading time, braking by hand brake vehicle, engaging clutch 1, holdback clutch 3, when being loaded to flywheel by driving engine under suspended state, braking by hand brake vehicle, holdback clutch 1, engaging clutch 3.

15. power systems as described in claim 9,13, is characterized in that: drive or recover kinetic energy abrupt deceleration vehicle time, engaging clutch 1 and power-transfer clutch 2, when driving engine runs, engaging clutch 3, when driving engine does not run, holdback clutch 3, to flywheel carry out plug-in fill can or unloading time, braking by hand brake vehicle, engaging clutch 1 and power-transfer clutch 2, holdback clutch 3, when being loaded to flywheel by driving engine under suspended state, braking by hand brake vehicle, holdback clutch 1 and power-transfer clutch 2, engaging clutch 3.

16. as claim 14, power system described in 15, it is characterized in that: adopt the adjustment control method of overall loss minimum principle to often overlapping concentrated HET: principal current ohm summation that is hot and exciting current ohm heat is overall loss, the limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition two follows principal current and the change of exciting current multidimensional variable respectively, the field of application of given diaxon rotating speed and output shaft electromagnetic torque, utilize electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relation, calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system, when regulating execution, the rotating speed of instantaneous acquiring two rotors, as initial conditions, provide the instruction of output shaft electromagnetic torque, also as initial conditions, associated storage data are called from control system, calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value, for performing link.

17. as claim 14, power system described in 15, it is characterized in that: the adjustment control method to often overlapping concentrated HET employing overall loss minimum principle: principal current ohm heat, the summation of exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection area (5) liquid metal frictional heat is overall loss, the limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition two follows principal current and the change of exciting current multidimensional variable respectively, given diaxon rotating speed, output shaft electromagnetic torque, the field of application of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter, utilize electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relation, calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value matrix and the liquid metal state parameter optimum value matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system, when regulating execution, the rotating speed of instantaneous acquiring two rotors, as initial conditions, provide the instruction of output shaft electromagnetic torque, also as initial conditions, associated storage data are called from control system, calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, for performing link.

18. power systems as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: two rotor apart arrangement (divergence type HET) of often overlapping HET, have two HET half couples, adopt and outreach conductor propagation principal current between half couple.

19. power systems as claimed in claim 18, is characterized in that: each flywheel end configures HET half couple coaxial with flywheel, outreach the wire picking out connection external power supply in parallel on conductor at it, fill can or unload to carry out plug-in to each flywheel respectively.

20. as claim 18, power system described in 19, it is characterized in that: adopt an accumulated energy flywheel device and one and half divergence type HET (containing three HET half couples), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with flywheel, the rotating shaft of second half couple (being denoted as HETh12) is connected with main reducing gear of drive axle, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh3) is connected with engine output shaft, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, the power circuit of three HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP, to form single flywheel, divergence type HET, two-wheel drive structure.

21. as claim 18, power system described in 19, it is characterized in that: adopt an accumulated energy flywheel device and one and half divergence type HET (containing three HET half couples), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with flywheel, the rotating shaft of second half couple (being denoted as HETh12) is connected with the part-time case or interaxle differential distributing antero posterior axis propulsive effort, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, part-time case or interaxle differential are connected with former and later two main reducing gear of drive axles again, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh3) is connected with engine output shaft, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, the power circuit of three HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP, to form single flywheel, divergence type HET, with the four wheel drive structure of transfer.

22. as claim 18, power system described in 19, it is characterized in that: adopt an accumulated energy flywheel device and two divergence type HET (containing four HET half couples), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with flywheel, the rotating shaft of second half couple (being denoted as HETh12) is connected with the main reduction gear of a drive axle, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh22) is connected with the main reduction gear of another drive axle, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 4th half couple (being denoted as HETh3) is connected with engine output shaft, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, the power circuit of four HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP, to form single flywheel, divergence type HET, direct four wheel drive structure.

23. as claim 18, power system described in 19, it is characterized in that: the accumulated energy flywheel device adopting two rotation directions contrary and two divergence type HET (containing four HET half couples), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with a flywheel, second half couple (being denoted as HETh21) shares a rotating shaft with another flywheel, the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh12) is connected with main reducing gear of drive axle, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 4th half couple (being denoted as HETh3) is connected with engine output shaft, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, the power circuit of four HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP, to form free wheels, divergence type HET, two-wheel drive structure.

24. as claim 18, power system described in 19, it is characterized in that: the accumulated energy flywheel device adopting two rotation directions contrary and two divergence type HET (containing four HET half couples), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with a flywheel, second half couple (being denoted as HETh21) shares a rotating shaft with another flywheel, the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh12) is connected with the part-time case or interaxle differential distributing antero posterior axis propulsive effort, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, part-time case or interaxle differential are connected with former and later two main reducing gear of drive axles again, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 4th half couple (being denoted as HETh3) is connected with engine output shaft, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, the power circuit of four HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP, to form free wheels, divergence type HET, with the four wheel drive structure of transfer.

25. as claim 18, power system described in 19, it is characterized in that: the accumulated energy flywheel device adopting two rotation directions contrary and the release HET of two near points (containing five HET half couples), first half couple (being denoted as HETh11) shares a rotating shaft with a flywheel, second half couple (being denoted as HETh21) shares a rotating shaft with another flywheel, the rotating shaft of 3rd half couple (being denoted as HETh12) is connected with the main reduction gear of a drive axle, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 4th half couple (being denoted as HETh22) is connected with the main reduction gear of another drive axle, or connected than retarder by a fixed speed ratio retarder or step change, or wherein also set up a universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of 5th half couple (being denoted as HETh3) is connected with engine output shaft, or connected by a fixed speed ratio mechanical drive, the power circuit of five HET half couples passes through external terminal (16) and outreaches conductor series connection to form a principal current C/LOOP, to form free wheels, divergence type HET, direct four wheel drive structure.

26. as claim 20, power system described in 21, it is characterized in that: the adjustment control method a set of divergence type HET system in series by three and half couples being adopted to overall loss minimum principle: the summation of principal current ohm heat and exciting current ohm heat is overall loss, the limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition three follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, given three axle rotating speeds, wheel side half couple (HETh12) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe12), the field of application of engine side half couple (HETh3) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe3), utilize electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relation, calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system, when regulating execution, the rotating speed of instantaneous acquiring three rotors, as initial conditions, provide the instruction of required torque M he12 and Mhe3, also as initial conditions, associated storage data are called from control system, calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value, for performing link.

27. as claim 20, power system described in 21, it is characterized in that: the adjustment control method a set of divergence type HET system in series by three and half couples being adopted to overall loss minimum principle: principal current ohm heat, the summation of exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection area (5) liquid metal frictional heat is overall loss, the limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition three follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, given three axle rotating speeds, wheel side half couple (HETh12) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe12), engine side half couple (HETh3) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe3), the field of application of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter, utilize electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relation, calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value matrix and the liquid metal state parameter optimum value matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system, when regulating execution, the rotating speed of instantaneous acquiring three rotors, as initial conditions, provide the instruction of required torque M he12 and Mhe3, also as initial conditions, associated storage data are called from control system, calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, for performing link.

28. power systems as claimed in claim 22, it is characterized in that: the adjustment control method a set of divergence type HET system in series by four and half couples being adopted to overall loss minimum principle: the summation of principal current ohm heat and exciting current ohm heat is overall loss, the limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition four follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, given four axle rotating speeds, wheel side half couple (HETh12, HETh22) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe12, Mhe22), the field of application of engine side half couple (HETh3) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe3), utilize electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relation, calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system, when regulating execution, the rotating speed of instantaneous acquiring four rotors, as initial conditions, provide required torque M he12, the instruction of Mhe22 and Mhe3, also as initial conditions, associated storage data are called from control system, calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value, for performing link.

29. power systems as claimed in claim 22, it is characterized in that: the adjustment control method a set of divergence type HET system in series by four and half couples being adopted to overall loss minimum principle: principal current ohm heat, the summation of exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection area (5) liquid metal frictional heat is overall loss, the limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition four follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, given four axle rotating speeds, wheel side half couple (HETh12, HETh22) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe12, Mhe22), engine side half couple (HETh3) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe3), the field of application of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter, utilize electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relation, calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value matrix and the liquid metal state parameter optimum value matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system, when regulating execution, the rotating speed of instantaneous acquiring four rotors, as initial conditions, provide required torque M he12, the instruction of Mhe22 and Mhe3, also as initial conditions, associated storage data are called from control system, calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, for performing link.

30. as claim 23, power system described in 24, it is characterized in that: the adjustment control method a set of divergence type HET system in series by four and half couples being adopted to overall loss minimum principle: the summation of principal current ohm heat and exciting current ohm heat is overall loss, the limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition four follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, given four axle rotating speeds, wheel side half couple (HETh12) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe12), engine side half couple (HETh3) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe3), two flywheel end half couple (HETh11, HETh21) field of application of rotating shaft electromagnetic torque ratio (Mhe11/Mhe21), utilize electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relation, calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system, when regulating execution, the rotating speed of instantaneous acquiring four rotors, as initial conditions, provide required torque M he12, the instruction of Mhe3 and Mhe11/Mhe21, also as initial conditions, associated storage data are called from control system, calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value, for performing link.

31. as claim 23, power system described in 24, it is characterized in that: the adjustment control method a set of divergence type HET system in series by four and half couples being adopted to overall loss minimum principle: principal current ohm heat, the summation of exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection area (5) liquid metal frictional heat is overall loss, the limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition four follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, given four axle rotating speeds, wheel side half couple (HETh12) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe12), engine side half couple (HETh3) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe3), two flywheel end half couple (HETh11, HETh21) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque ratio (Mhe11/Mhe21), the field of application of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter, utilize electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relation, calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value matrix and the liquid metal state parameter optimum value matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system, when regulating execution, the rotating speed of instantaneous acquiring four rotors, as initial conditions, provide required torque M he12, the instruction of Mhe3 and Mhe11/Mhe21, also as initial conditions, associated storage data are called from control system, calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, for performing link.

32. power systems as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that: the adjustment control method a set of divergence type HET system in series by five and half couples being adopted to overall loss minimum principle: the summation of principal current ohm heat and exciting current ohm heat is overall loss, the limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition five follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, given five axle rotating speeds, wheel side half couple (HETh12, HETh22) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe12, Mhe22), engine side half couple (HETh3) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe3), two flywheel end half couple (HETh11, HETh21) field of application of rotating shaft electromagnetic torque ratio (Mhe11/Mhe21), utilize electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relation, calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system, when regulating execution, the rotating speed of instantaneous acquiring five rotors, as initial conditions, provide required torque M he12, Mhe22, the instruction of Mhe3 and Mhe11/Mhe21, also as initial conditions, associated storage data are called from control system, calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value, for performing link.

33. power systems as claimed in claim 25, it is characterized in that: the adjustment control method a set of divergence type HET system in series by five and half couples being adopted to overall loss minimum principle: principal current ohm heat, the summation of exciting current ohm heat and circuit connection area (5) liquid metal frictional heat is overall loss, the limits of application scope of selected principal current and each exciting current, within the scope of this, calculate or test the corresponding relation that the epitrochanterian total magnetic flux through the rotor main current return surface of revolution of acquisition five follows principal current and the change of associated excitation electric current multidimensional variable respectively, given five axle rotating speeds, wheel side half couple (HETh12, HETh22) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe12, Mhe22), engine side half couple (HETh3) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque (Mhe3), two flywheel end half couple (HETh11, HETh21) rotating shaft electromagnetic torque ratio (Mhe11/Mhe21), the field of application of circuit connection area liquid metal state parameter, utilize electromagnetic laws formula and above-mentioned corresponding relation, calculate gamut and to cover different rotating speeds condition and torque-demand, meet each exciting current optimum value matrix and the liquid metal state parameter optimum value matrix of overall loss minimum target, and total data is stored in control system, when regulating execution, the rotating speed of instantaneous acquiring five rotors, as initial conditions, provide required torque M he12, Mhe22, the instruction of Mhe3 and Mhe11/Mhe21, also as initial conditions, associated storage data are called from control system, calculate and obtain corresponding each exciting current optimum value and liquid metal state parameter optimum value, for performing link.

34. power systems as described in claim 26 to 33, it is characterized in that: when flywheel is carried out plug-in fill can or unloading time, connect the circuit connection area (5) of this flywheel end half couple, disconnect circuit connection area (5) and the exciting current circuit of other half couple, connect external power supply, when being loaded to flywheel by driving engine under suspended state, braking by hand brake vehicle, disconnecting external power supply, connect the circuit connection area (5) of whole half couple, disconnect the exciting current circuit of other half couple except this flywheel end half couple and engine side half couple.

35. power systems as described in claim 16,17,34, it is characterized in that: when vehicle travels, flywheel and driving engine have five kinds of poower flow combinations of states: fly wd vehicle (move ahead or move backward), motor-powered vehicle (move ahead or move backward) also fills energy to flywheel, driving engine and flywheel drive vehicle (move ahead or move backward) simultaneously, flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle (move ahead or move backward), flywheel abrupt deceleration vehicle (move ahead or move backward) and driving engine fill energy to flywheel.

36. power systems as claimed in claim 35, it is characterized in that: driving engine preferentially takes idling speed to flywheel energy startup, oil spout is lighted or compression ignite again, driving engine normally runs preferably in maximal efficiency operating mode, and efficiency optimization operating mode line when needing more high-power in short-term between maximal efficiency operating mode and maximal power condition runs.

37. 1 kinds of vehicles, comprising: power system, running device, steering system, brake system, vehicle body, attendant equipment, it is characterized in that: power system adopts the power system described in claims 1 to 36.

38. 1 kinds of mechanical connections to flywheel load and fill energy system, comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, the synchronous motor be connected with AC network or asynchronous motor, load the transmission system between rotating shaft and electrical motor, it is characterized in that: transmission system contains a set of monopolar D. C electromagnetic driven machine (HET).

39. as claimed in claim 38 loadings fill energy system, it is characterized in that: adopt divergence type HET, there is vertical loading end half couple HEThj and vertical energy supply end half couple HEThg, HEThg rotating shaft is connected with vertical type motor rotating shaft, or be connected with vertical type motor rotating shaft by a step-up gear, or be connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft by the step-up gear of a band finishing bevel gear cuter.

40. as claimed in claim 38 loadings fill energy system, it is characterized in that: adopt divergence type HET, have vertical loading end half couple HEThj and horizontal energy supply end half couple HEThg, HEThg rotating shaft is connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft, or is connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft by a step-up gear.

41. loadings as described in claim 39,40 are filled can system, it is characterized in that: vertical loading end half couple HEThj rotating shaft upper end connects a vertical universal drive shaft.

42. as claimed in claim 38 loadings fill energy system, it is characterized in that: adopt divergence type HET, there is horizontal loading end half couple HEThj and horizontal energy supply end half couple HEThg, HEThj rotating shaft is connected with a vertical universal drive shaft by the step-up gear of a band finishing bevel gear cuter, HEThg rotating shaft is connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft, or is connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft by a step-up gear.

43. as claimed in claim 38 loadings fill energy system, it is characterized in that: adopt the vertical HET of concentrated, the rotating shaft of HET mouth is connected with a vertical universal drive shaft, the rotating shaft of HET input end is connected with vertical type motor rotating shaft, or be connected with vertical type motor rotating shaft by a step-up gear, or be connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft by the step-up gear of a band finishing bevel gear cuter.

44. as claimed in claim 38 loadings fill energy system, it is characterized in that: adopt the horizontal HET of concentrated, the rotating shaft of HET mouth is connected with a vertical universal drive shaft by the step-up gear of a band finishing bevel gear cuter, the rotating shaft of HET input end is connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft, or is connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft by a step-up gear.

45. 1 kinds of mechanical connections to flywheel load and fill energy system, comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, the synchronous motor be connected with AC network or asynchronous motor, make the vertical shaft type flexible flywheel device cushioning purposes for one, load between rotating shaft and electrical motor, buffering flywheel is connected on transmission system wherein, it is characterized in that: transmission system contains two cover monopolar D. C electromagnetic drivens machine (HET), a set of HET (loading HET) is at buffering flywheel and load between rotating shaft, another set of HET (energy supply HET) is between buffering flywheel and electrical motor.

46. as claimed in claim 45 loadings fill energy system, it is characterized in that: load HET and adopt vertical divergence type, energy supply HET adopts vertical divergence type or concentrated, the input end rotating shaft of energy supply HET is connected with vertical type motor rotating shaft, or be connected with vertical type motor rotating shaft by a step-up gear, or be connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft by the step-up gear of a band finishing bevel gear cuter.

47. as claimed in claim 45 loadings fill energy system, it is characterized in that: load HET and adopt vertical divergence type, energy supply HET adopts divergence type, there is vertical mouth half couple and horizontal input end half couple, the latter's rotating shaft is connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft, or is connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft by a step-up gear.

48. as claimed in claim 45 loadings fill energy system, it is characterized in that: load HET and adopt vertical divergence type or concentrated, its mouth rotating shaft is connected with a vertical universal drive shaft, energy supply HET adopts vertical divergence type or concentrated, its input end rotating shaft is connected with vertical type motor rotating shaft, or be connected with vertical type motor rotating shaft by a step-up gear, or be connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft by the step-up gear of a band finishing bevel gear cuter.

49. as claimed in claim 45 loadings fill energy system, it is characterized in that: load HET and adopt vertical divergence type or concentrated, its mouth rotating shaft is connected with a vertical universal drive shaft, energy supply HET adopts divergence type, there is vertical mouth half couple and horizontal input end half couple, the latter's rotating shaft is connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft, or is connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft by a step-up gear.

50. 1 kinds of mechanical connections to flywheel load and fill energy system, comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, the direct supply be connected with AC network, load the transmission system between rotating shaft and direct supply and circuit connecting wire, it is characterized in that: transmission system contains vertical HET half couple, HET half couple is by DC power supply, and its rotating shaft upper end can be connected with a vertical universal drive shaft.

51. 1 kinds of mechanical connections to flywheel load and fill energy system, comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, the direct supply be connected with AC network, load the transmission system between rotating shaft and direct supply and circuit connecting wire, it is characterized in that: transmission system contains horizontal HET half couple, HET half couple is by DC power supply, and its rotating shaft is connected with a vertical universal drive shaft by the step-up gear of a band finishing bevel gear cuter.

52. 1 kinds of mechanical connections to flywheel load and fill energy system, comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, be with the electrical motor of speed regulation device for one that is connected with AC network, load the transmission system between rotating shaft and electrical motor, it is characterized in that: transmission system contains a vertical universal drive shaft, be connected with vertical type motor rotating shaft, or be connected with vertical type motor rotating shaft by a step-up gear, or be connected with horizontal motor rotating shaft by the step-up gear of a band finishing bevel gear cuter.

53. loadings as described in claim 39 to 44,46 to 52 are filled can system, it is characterized in that: be provided with a set of arm-and-hand system making loading rotating shaft orientation movement, and the checking system to vehicle vertical flywheel rotating shaft orientation.

54. 1 kinds of mechanical connections to flywheel load and fill energy system, comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, be with the vertical type motor of speed regulation device for one that is connected with AC network, load the transmission system between rotating shaft and electrical motor, it is characterized in that: be provided with a set of arm-and-hand system making loading rotating shaft orientation movement, and the checking system to vehicle vertical flywheel rotating shaft orientation.

55. loadings as described in claim 39 to 44,46 to 54 are filled can system, it is characterized in that: transmission system is also provided with a vertical type cylinder gear speeder, be connected with existing vertical universal drive shaft upper end, or be connected (during without universal drive shaft) with existing loading end vertical HET half couple rotating shaft upper end, or be connected (during without universal drive shaft and HET) with existing vertical type motor rotating shaft upper end.

56. 1 kinds of mechanical connections to flywheel load and fill energy system, comprise: the loading joint that during operation and flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc is mechanically connected and rotating shaft, be with the horizontal motor of speed regulation device for one that is connected with AC network, load the transmission system between rotating shaft and electrical motor, it is characterized in that: be provided with a set of arm-and-hand system making loading rotating shaft orientation movement, and the checking system to vehicle vertical flywheel rotating shaft orientation, be provided with the step-up gear of the band finishing bevel gear cuter that is connected with horizontal motor output revolving shaft, gear case output revolving shaft protrudes upward.

57. loadings as described in claim 38 to 56 are filled can system, it is characterized in that: the mechanical connection loading joint and vehicle flywheel rotating shaft lower end loading disc, adopt the gear type structure that a pair internal-external gear is meshed or is separated, or adopt castellated structure, or adopt and embrace sebific duct fluid pressure type structure outward.

58. loadings as described in claim 38 to 57 are filled can system, it is characterized in that: be also provided with carriage frame fixed bearing device, has or four-point supporting structure at 3, for loading front support car weight and fixing vehicle frame at vehicle flywheel, making flywheel position stability.