CN105259157A - Surface-enhanced Raman scattering base with visible hot spots, preparation method and method for detecting molecules through base - Google Patents
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering base with visible hot spots, preparation method and method for detecting molecules through base Download PDFInfo
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- CN105259157A CN105259157A CN201510762627.5A CN201510762627A CN105259157A CN 105259157 A CN105259157 A CN 105259157A CN 201510762627 A CN201510762627 A CN 201510762627A CN 105259157 A CN105259157 A CN 105259157A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a surface-enhanced Raman scattering base with visible hot spots, a preparation method and a method for detecting molecules through the base. The SERS base is composed of a silver nanowire arranged on a Raman scattering substrate and gold nanoparticles modified on the surface of the silver nanowire. On the base, plasma resonance is formed between the silver nanowire and the gold nanoparticles, a strong electromagnetic field is generated, and therefore the visible hot spots are formed. The SERS base is placed under a Raman optical microscope, and the positions of the gold nanoparticles modified on the surface of the silver nanowire are SERS hot spots; the molecules to be detected are slowly dropwise added to the positions, and the molecules to be detected effectively fall into the SERS hot spot range. According to the preparation method, the gold nanoparticles are modified on the surface of the silver nanowire through the capillary force and gravity action simply. The SERS hot pots of the prepared base are visible, the molecules to be detected can effectively fall into the hot spot range, and the sensitivity of a detection result can be directly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy technology and relevant detection method, specifically relate to the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of a kind of focus, preparation method and utilize the method for this substrate detection molecules.
Background technology
Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) phenomenon is found from MartinFleischmann in 1974 and co-worker thereof, by 1977, after the discovery that JeanmaireandVanDuyne two scientists are surprising to this gives theoretical explanation, SERS technical development has had the history of nearly 40 years so far.SERS technology, because its finger print information providing molecule abundant, can distinguish the textural difference of isomers, identical testing molecule can be distinguished at the suprabasil different orientation of SERS, achieve high-sensitive detection, therefore by investigation and application widely, be the analyzing detecting method of a kind of advanced person.
The development of SERS technology, the development of strong dependence substrate, only has the plasma resonance between the noble metal substrate such as (gold or silver-colored) to produce strong-electromagnetic field and the Raman signal of molecule just can be made to amplify.Research shows, measures the integrated intensity at molecule absorption peak obtained and is directly proportional to the biquadratic of electromagnetic field.Therefore in existing SERS research, major part all being devoted to the gap studying regulation and control noble metal nano particles, particularly reaching gap and being less than below 10 nanometers, producing the strongest plasma resonance, forming efficient SERS " focus ".
But SERS is a kind of surface light spectral technology, only have when testing molecule drop on metallic substrates surface or near, the Raman signal of molecule just can be enhanced, this be SERS technology application a principal feature.In existing research, the feature that presents of major part substrate is: " focus " skewness, blindly technology such as " focuses " of looking for all makes the enhancer Distribution value of SERS testing result and wide in range when detecting, relative average debiation is comparatively large, also just can not meet highly sensitive qualitative analysis and quantitative test requirement.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is for providing the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of a kind of focus and preparation method, overcome the deficiency that " focus " technology is blindly found in existing SERS substrate simultaneously, a kind of single SRES " focus is visible " is provided, make testing molecule effectively drop into SERS detection method (namely utilizing the method for this substrate detection molecules) in substrate " focus " scope.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
The visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of a kind of focus, be made up of the nano silver wire be placed on Raman scattering substrate and the gold nano grain that is modified at nano silver wire surface, substrate defines plasma resonance between nano silver wire and gold nano grain, creates strong electromagnetic field thus form visible focus; The length of nano silver wire is 5 ~ 15 μm, and the diameter of nano silver wire is 50 ~ 150nm, and the diameter of gold nano grain is 50 ~ 150nm.
The preparation method of the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of a kind of focus, first synthesis of silver nano-wire and gold nano grain two kinds of colloidal sols be diluted to identical multiple, getting nano silver wire colloidal sol drops on Raman scattering substrate also dry, finally get gold nano particle colloidal sols and drop to same area on Raman scattering substrate, under the capillary force of liquid-gas interface and the effect of gravity, gold nano grain is modified to nano silver wire surface, obtains the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of focus.
Preferably, the preparation method of nano silver wire is: in reaction vessel, add 10mL ethylene glycol, it is added hot reflux 2h at 160 DEG C, inject wherein with two syringe pumps more simultaneously and be dissolved in the 0.1M liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 5mL ethylene glycol solvent, be dissolved in the 0.222g polyvinylpyrrolidone of 5mL ethylene glycol solvent, rate of injection is 0.2mL/min; Finally, under 160 DEG C of constant temperature, react 60min, synthesizing the nano silver wire colloidal sol obtained is the ratio of 1: 9 according to volume ratio, successively washes twice with acetone, intermediate water.
Preferably, the preparation method of gold nano grain is: in reaction vessel, add the intermediate water of 90mL, 1mL massfraction is the chlorauric acid solution of 1%, stir, be heated to boiling, add rapidly 1mL massfraction be the sodium citrate solution of 1% as reductive agent, obtain gold nano gold seeds; Get gold nano gold seeds 10mL, add oxammonium hydrochloride 0.4mL that concentration is 25mM wherein respectively, massfraction be 1% sodium citrate solution 0.4mL and intermediate water 28.4mL, stir 5min, finally add the gold chloride 0.8mL that massfraction is 1% again, stirred at ambient temperature reaction 1h; Synthesizing the gold nano grain obtained is the ratio of 1: 10 according to volume ratio, washs three times with intermediate water.
Preferably, the preparation method of SERS substrate is: after the silicon chip that prior chloroazotic acid soaks is washed three times with tap water, intermediate water, ethanol respectively, dry up with nitrogen; By nano silver wire according to the ratios with water dilution of 1: 100, pipette 1 μ L with liquid-transfering gun and be added drop-wise on silicon chip; After drying, get gold nano colloidal sol, after same dilution 100 times, pipetting 1 μ L with liquid-transfering gun is added drop-wise on this silicon chip, along with the volatilization of solvent, under the capillary force of liquid-gas interface and the effect of gravity, gold nano grain is modified to nano silver wire surface, obtains the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of focus.
Utilize the method for the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate detection molecules of focus, under Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate is placed on Raman optical microscope, find position and the SERS focus of nano silver wire finishing gold nano grain, by testing molecule slowly be added drop-wise to this position, make testing molecule effectively drop in SERS hotspot range, detection signal measures the SERS spectrogram obtaining this molecule.
The visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of focus of the present invention, preparation method and utilize the method for this substrate detection molecules, its principles of science is analyzed:
One, after gold nano grain close with nano silver wire for diameter being modified nano silver wire surface by capillary force and gravity, form plasma resonance between two kinds of particles, just can produce strong electromagnetic field, be i.e. SERS " focus ".
Two, length is about the nano silver wire of 10 microns, and its longitudinal absorption peak is moved to region of ultra-red, under Raman excitation light action usually used, can not form good resonance Raman, therefore selects not interference to the excitation wavelength measured.
Three, during Raman detection, micron-sized nano silver wire can by directly observing under optical microscope, be modified at the gold nano grain on its surface, formed with directly close nano silver wire and contrast, therefore its position being distributed in nano silver wire can narrow down to a certain scope under an optical microscope, and the hot spot scope that this scope laser more used than Raman detection is formed is little, therefore " focus " that formed between nano silver wire and gold nano grain can be controlled within the scope of hot spot, realize " visible " operation, thus molecule is effectively added drop-wise in " focus " scope.
Relative to prior art, beneficial effect performance of the present invention is as follows:
1), in conventional art synthesis SERS substrate, specific molecular generally will be utilized to connect two kinds of noble metals, and these connection molecules probably have signal disturbing when SERS detects, and preparation method of the present invention does not need to add in addition and connects molecule, simply utilize capillary force and Action of Gravity Field just can be surperficial to nano silver wire by gold nano particle modification.
2), in existing SERS substrate, major part all cannot find " focus " fast, accurately, the homogeneity difference of whole substrate have impact on the reappearance of result, and substrate SERS " focus is visible " prepared by the present invention, testing molecule effectively can be made to drop in " focus " scope, will directly improve the sensitivity of testing result.
3), the method for preparation method of the present invention and detection molecules is simple, has wide market application foreground.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that in SERS substrate of the present invention, single gold nano particle modification is modifying the dark field microscope contrast figure before and after gold nano grain to the schematic diagram on nano silver wire surface and the nano silver wire of reality.
Fig. 2 is that SERS substrate Raman optical microscope figure prepared by the present invention schemes with the SERS spectrogram and region SERSmapping detecting 4-ATP molecule.
To be SERS substrate of the present invention detect spectrogram for the SERS of the halfcystine of low concentration, atriphos, crystal methamphetamine and common agricultural chemicals paraoxon to Fig. 3.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, optimal way of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of step one, nano silver wire
10mL ethylene glycol is added in 100mL there-necked flask, it is added hot reflux 2h at 160 DEG C, inject 0.1M liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus, 0.222g polyvinylpyrrolidone (being dissolved in 5mL ethylene glycol solvent respectively) wherein with two syringe pumps again, rate of injection is 0.2mL/min simultaneously.Finally, react 60min under 160 DEG C of constant temperature, synthesizing the nano silver wire colloidal sol that obtains is the ratio of 1: 9 according to volume ratio, successively washes twice with acetone, intermediate water, the nano silver wire length obtained is 10 μm, diameter is approximately 110nm.
The preparation of step 2, gold nano grain:
In 500mL there-necked flask, add the intermediate water of 90mL, 1mL massfraction is the chlorauric acid solution of 1%, magnetic agitation, after oil bath is heated to boiling, adding rapidly 1mL massfraction is that the sodium citrate solution of 1% is as reductive agent, the gold nano grain diameter obtained is approximately 50nm, and the gold seeds obtaining large-size particle as further growth is for subsequent use.
Get the aurosol 10mL that diameter obtained above is 50nm, add oxammonium hydrochloride 0.4mL that concentration is 25mM wherein respectively, massfraction be 1% sodium citrate solution 0.4mL and intermediate water 28.4mL, magnetic agitation 5min, finally add the gold chloride 0.8mL that massfraction is 1% again, stirred at ambient temperature reaction 1h.Synthesizing the gold nano grain obtained is the ratio of 1: 10 according to volume ratio, and wash three times with intermediate water, the diameter of the gold nano grain obtained is approximately 100nm.
The preparation of step 3, SERS substrate:
After silicon chip after prior chloroazotic acid is soaked 24h washs three times with tap water, intermediate water, ethanol respectively, dry up with nitrogen.Nano silver wire step one synthesized, according to the ratios with water dilution of 1: 100, pipettes 1 μ L with liquid-transfering gun and is added drop-wise on silicon chip; After about 1min drying, get the gold nano colloidal sol that above-mentioned steps two is synthesized, after same dilute with water 100 times, pipetting 1 μ L with liquid-transfering gun is added drop-wise on this silicon chip, along with the volatilization of solvent, under the capillary force of liquid-gas interface and the effect of gravity, gold nano grain is modified to nano silver wire surface, obtains the SERS substrate of " visible hot spots " of the present invention's synthesis.
As can be seen from Figure 1A, B, along with the evaporation of solvent, the capillary force of liquid-gas interface and gravity are by near a few gold nano particle modification to nano silver wire or on the surface.Fig. 1 C, D are details in a play not acted out on stage, but told through dialogues shooting, and correspond to nano silver wire and modifying the contrast photo before and after gold nano grain, in Fig. 1 D, namely arrow indication is modified at the gold nano grain position on nano silver wire surface.
Embodiment 2
The SERS substrate utilizing the present invention to prepare, to measure 4-ATP molecule, obtains SERS spectrogram and region SERSmapping image:
Under the SERS substrate of embodiment 1 being synthesized is placed on Raman optical microscope, finds the nano silver wire finishing position of gold nano grain, namely produce SERS " focus " position, pipetting 1 μ L concentration with liquid-transfering gun is 10
-8the 4-ATP solution of M, slowly be added drop-wise to " focus " position or near.After about 1min drying, selection wavelength is 633nm, laser power is the exciting light of 2mW, 1 second integral time, and detection signal, obtains the SERS spectrogram of 4-ATP molecule.
Fig. 2 A is SERS substrate Raman optical microscope figure prepared by the present invention, and wherein square frame mark is the hot spot scope of raman laser: (4 × 4) square micron; Fig. 2 B be the substrate prepared of the present invention for measuring schematic diagram during Molecular Raman signal: wherein single SERS " focus " and testing molecule effectively drop within the scope of hot spot; Fig. 2 C is the SERS spectrogram that the substrate utilizing the present invention to prepare measures the 4-ATP molecule obtained, and wherein the color of ordinate is used for the integrated intensity of the characteristic peak showing 4-ATP molecule, and black, green, redness, yellow expression are strengthened gradually.
Meanwhile, the exciting light that selection wavelength is 633nm, laser power is 2 milliwatts, scanning stepping is 0.5 μm/point, and centered by " visible hot spots ", scan area is 4 × 4 μm
2, finally with 1438cm
-14-ATP characteristic peak integrated intensity value form SERSmapping image.Fig. 2 D is the region SERSmapping figure (1438cm that the substrate prepared with the present invention measures the 4-ATP molecule obtained
-1the 4-ATP characteristic peak at place), the color in region represents the signal integration Strength Changes of characteristic peak herein equally, represents and strengthen gradually from black to yellow, clearly show " focus " scope and change.
Embodiment 3
The SERS substrate utilizing the present invention to prepare is to measure halfcystine, atriphos, crystal methamphetamine and paraoxon:
With the method that above-described embodiment 2 is identical, can obtain concentration is respectively 10
-6the halfcystine, 10 of M
-6the atriphos, 10 of M
-7the crystal methamphetamine of M and 10
-8the SERS spectrogram of the paraoxon of M.
In Fig. 3, A:10
-6the halfcystine of M, B:10
-6the atriphos of M, C:10
-7the crystal methamphetamine of M, D:10
-8the paraoxon of M, no matter result display is halfcystine common in human body and atriphos molecule, or common methamphetamine crystal methamphetamine molecule and agricultural chemicals paraoxon molecule, the SERS substrate utilizing the present invention to prepare, can both reach high sensitivity SERS Detection results.
The various embodiments described above, just in order to technical conceive of the present invention and feature are described, its objective is and are one of ordinary skilled in the art can be understood content of the present invention and implement according to this, can not limit the scope of the invention with this.The change of every equivalence done by the essence of content of the present invention or modification, all should be encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of focus, be made up of the nano silver wire be placed on Raman scattering substrate and the gold nano grain that is modified at nano silver wire surface, substrate defines plasma resonance between nano silver wire and gold nano grain, creates strong electromagnetic field thus form visible focus; The length of nano silver wire is 5 ~ 15 μm, and the diameter of nano silver wire is 50 ~ 150nm, and the diameter of gold nano grain is 50 ~ 150nm.
2. prepare the method for the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of focus as claimed in claim 1 for one kind, it is characterized in that, first synthesis of silver nano-wire and gold nano grain two kinds of colloidal sols be diluted to identical multiple, getting nano silver wire colloidal sol drops on Raman scattering substrate also dry, finally get gold nano particle colloidal sols and drop to same area on Raman scattering substrate, under the capillary force of liquid-gas interface and the effect of gravity, gold nano grain is modified to nano silver wire surface, obtains the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of focus.
3. the preparation method of the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of the focus as shown in claim 2, is characterized in that, the preparation method of nano silver wire is:
10mL ethylene glycol is added in reaction vessel, it is added hot reflux 2h at 160 DEG C, inject wherein with two syringe pumps more simultaneously and be dissolved in the 0.1M liquor argenti nitratis ophthalmicus of 5mL ethylene glycol solvent, be dissolved in the 0.222g polyvinylpyrrolidone of 5mL ethylene glycol solvent, rate of injection is 0.2mL/min; Finally, under 160 DEG C of constant temperature, react 60min, synthesizing the nano silver wire colloidal sol obtained is the ratio of 1: 9 according to volume ratio, successively washes twice with acetone, intermediate water.
4. the preparation method of the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of focus as stated in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of gold nano grain is:
In reaction vessel, add the intermediate water of 90mL, 1mL massfraction be the chlorauric acid solution of 1%, stir, be heated to boiling, add rapidly 1mL massfraction be the sodium citrate solution of 1% as reductive agent, obtain gold nano gold seeds; Get gold nano gold seeds 10mL, add oxammonium hydrochloride 0.4mL that concentration is 25mM wherein respectively, massfraction be 1% sodium citrate solution 0.4mL and intermediate water 28.4mL, stir 5min, finally add the gold chloride 0.8mL that massfraction is 1% again, stirred at ambient temperature reaction 1h; Synthesizing the gold nano grain obtained is the ratio of 1: 10 according to volume ratio, washs three times with intermediate water.
5. the preparation method of the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of the focus as shown in claim 4, is characterized in that, the preparation method of SERS substrate is:
After the silicon chip that prior chloroazotic acid soaks is washed three times with tap water, intermediate water, ethanol respectively, dry up with nitrogen; By nano silver wire according to the ratios with water dilution of 1: 100, pipette 1 μ L with liquid-transfering gun and be added drop-wise on silicon chip; After drying, get gold nano colloidal sol, after same dilution 100 times, pipetting 1 μ L with liquid-transfering gun is added drop-wise on this silicon chip, along with the volatilization of solvent, under the capillary force of liquid-gas interface and the effect of gravity, gold nano grain is modified to nano silver wire surface, obtains the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate of focus.
6. one kind utilizes the method for the visible surface enhanced Raman scattering substrate detection molecules of focus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, under Surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate is placed on Raman optical microscope, find position and the SERS focus of nano silver wire finishing gold nano grain, by testing molecule slowly be added drop-wise to this position, make testing molecule effectively drop in SERS hotspot range, detection signal measures the SERS spectrogram obtaining this molecule.
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