CN105242226A - Calibration apparatus of pulse peak power meter - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a calibration apparatus of a pulse peak power meter. The apparatus comprises a signal generation unit for outputting continuous waves or pulse modulation signals; a pulse power radio frequency unit for amplifying and coupling the continuous waves or the pulse modulation signals into two paths, sending the first path to standard continuous waves or a calibrated pulse peak power meter and carrying out peak demodulation on the second path to generate signal envelope waveforms; a pulse power amplitude-stabilizing unit for sampling, preserving and comparing the signal envelop waveforms output by the pulse power radio frequency unit and controlling the amplitude of the continuous waves or the pulse modulation signals; and a monitoring unit for calculating pulse power calibration factors by use of power values respectively measured the standard continuous waves and the calibrated pulse peak power meter when the amplitude of the continuous waves and the amplitude of the pulse modulation signals are the same, and calibrating the calibrated pulse peak power meter according to the factors. According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the measuring accuracy of pulse power is improved, and at the same time, the measuring scope of the pulse power is expanded.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to pulse power calibration. And more particularly, to a calibration apparatus for a pulse peak power meter.
Background
The pulse power calibration device is a standard device for measuring pulse power, and in the field of power metering, pulse power is generally independently verified and calibrated as a modulation mode of microwave power. At present, only one set of pulse power standard device is provided in China, the frequency range covers 50 MHz-18 GHz, and the device is designed by adopting a sampling comparison method. The basic functional block diagram is shown in fig. 1, the open arrows on the periphery represent control buses, and the solid arrows represent signal paths.
The basic principle of the sampling comparison method for measuring the pulse peak power is as follows: the method is completed by respectively sampling and detecting a pulse modulated microwave signal and an auxiliary continuous wave signal with adjustable amplitude through a high-speed radio frequency switch and comparing the amplitudes. The continuous wave power is accurately measured with a standard low power meter and the path attenuation of the two paths can be scaled with continuous waves.
The measurement process of the sampling comparison method is as follows:
first, the program-controlled rf switch is connected to port 1 shown in fig. 1, and then a pulse modulation signal is fed into the diode high-speed rf switch through the program-controlled switch via the directional coupler 1, and the diode switch is turned on under the control of a switching pulse synchronized with the modulation pulse. During the duration of the switching pulse, a pulse modulation signal is connected to the 3 ports, and the average power is measured by a continuous wave power meter. Meanwhile, at other time of the high-speed radio frequency switch of the diode, a sampled signal appears at the 4 ports, and the signal is displayed by an oscilloscope after being detected and used for monitoring the waveform of the signal.
And secondly, connecting the program-controlled radio frequency switch to the port 2, feeding a continuous wave signal into the diode high-speed radio frequency switch through the program-controlled radio frequency switch by the directional coupler 2, connecting the continuous wave signal to the port 3 in the same duration time of the switching pulse, measuring the average power by the continuous wave power meter, generating a sampled signal at the port 4 at other time of the diode high-speed radio frequency switch, and displaying the sampled waveform by the oscilloscope after the signal is detected. The amplitude of the continuous wave signal is adjusted so that the indicated power amplitude at the continuous wave power meter is equal to the pulse modulated signal. At this time, the indicated value P of the continuous wave power in the standard miniwatt meter is read out, and the corrected pulse power value can be obtained.
The device can not replace the indicated value of the standard small power meter and only can be used as a monitoring reference because the signal passes through the program control radio frequency switch and the high-speed radio frequency switch and has path attenuation and can not be accurately measured at present.
At present, the set of 50 MHz-18 GHz pulse power calibration device is already used for daily verification and calibration, but the pulse power calibration designed by adopting a sampling comparison method has several limitations: 1. when the duty ratio of the pulse signal generated by the pulse generator is reduced, the measurement uncertainty of the continuous wave power meter is obviously increased; 2. when the period of the pulse signal generated by the pulse generator is reduced, the reaction time of the high-speed radio frequency switch enables the measurement error of the pulse power to be enlarged; 3. because of the lack of amplitude stabilizing effect of the amplitude stabilizing loop on the signal, the output amplitude of the signal source needs to be continuously adjusted manually; 4. because the envelope level output by the detector is low, and the amplitude measurement range of the oscilloscope is large, the accuracy of the voltage amplitude value read by the oscilloscope is not high.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a calibration apparatus for a pulse peak power meter.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a calibration device of a pulse peak power meter, which breaks through the condition that the range of a measuring frequency band of the original pulse peak power calibration device is not high and is not suitable for narrow pulses and small duty ratios, solves the verification and calibration of pulse peak power under the condition of high frequency band and narrow pulses, adopts a pulse amplitude stabilizing loop technology, is not only suitable for pulse signals with various pulse widths and periods, but also solves the problem that the accuracy of voltage amplitude read by an oscilloscope is not high due to the lower envelope level output by a detector, and ensures that the uncertainty value of power measurement under the condition of small duty ratios is not changed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a calibration apparatus for a pulse peak power meter, the apparatus comprising:
a signal generating unit for outputting a continuous wave signal or a pulse modulation signal;
the pulse power radio frequency unit is used for amplifying and coupling the continuous wave signal or the pulse modulation signal into two paths, the first path of signal is sent to a standard continuous wave power meter or a calibrated pulse peak power meter, and the second path of signal is subjected to peak detection to generate a signal envelope waveform;
the pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit is used for sampling, storing and comparing the signal envelope waveform output by the pulse power radio frequency unit, and controlling the amplitude of a continuous wave signal or a pulse modulation signal by using the compared differential voltage;
the standard continuous wave power meter is used for measuring the power value of the first continuous wave signal;
the corrected pulse peak power meter is used for measuring the power value of the first path of pulse modulation signal;
and the monitoring unit is used for controlling the signal generating unit and the pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit, calculating a pulse power calibration factor by utilizing the power values respectively measured by the calibration CW power meter and the calibrated pulse peak power meter when the amplitudes of the continuous wave signal and the pulse modulation signal are the same, and calibrating the calibrated pulse peak power meter according to the pulse power calibration factor.
Preferably, the pulse power radio frequency unit includes:
a power amplifier, a directional coupler, a power divider, a peak detector,
the directional coupler and the power divider are combined and used for dividing the continuous wave signal or the pulse modulation signal amplified by the power amplifier into two paths, and the first path of signal is used as a test signal and sent to a standard continuous wave power meter or a calibrated pulse peak power meter and used for calibrating the calibrated pulse power meter; and the second path of signal enters the pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit through the peak detector and is used for stabilizing the amplitude of the continuous wave signal or the pulse modulation signal.
And the peak detector is used for linearly restoring the envelope waveform of the continuous wave signal or the pulse modulation signal.
Preferably, the peak detector is located in the temperature control device.
Preferably, the pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit includes:
a precision voltage source for generating a reference level;
the high-speed sampling circuit is used for sampling the signal envelope waveform output by the pulse power radio frequency unit according to the sampling start-stop signal sent by the signal generating unit to obtain a video sampling signal;
and the comparator is used for comparing the amplitude of the video sampling signal with the amplitude of the reference level to generate a comparison signal, and sending the comparison signal to the signal generating unit to control the signal amplitude output by the signal generating unit.
Preferably, the formula for the monitoring unit to calculate the pulse power calibration factor is:
in the formula, KcA calibration factor for a peak detector in the pulsed power radio frequency unit; a is a pulse amplitude correction factor, namely the amplitude ratio of continuous wave amplitude to pulse amplitude; pbuIs the indicated value of the corrected pulse power meter; pbsIs a continuous wave standard power meter indicator value.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the technical scheme of the invention is suitable for calibrating the pulse peak power meter of each frequency band, solves the problem of low precision of the voltage amplitude value read by an oscilloscope due to the low envelope level output by a detector, ensures that the uncertainty value of power measurement under the condition of small duty ratio is not changed, effectively improves the measurement accuracy of pulse power, expands the measurement range of the pulse power and provides technical support for developing the pulse power standard.
Drawings
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a pulsed power standard device.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a calibration arrangement for a pulse peak power meter.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 2, the calibration apparatus for a pulse peak power meter provided in this embodiment includes:
the signal generating unit is used as corollary equipment of a calibration device of the pulse peak power meter and is used for outputting two signals, namely a continuous wave signal or a pulse modulation signal, under the control of a computer;
the pulse power radio frequency unit is used for amplifying and coupling the continuous wave signals or the pulse modulation signals into a first path of continuous wave signals or a second path of continuous wave signals or a first path of pulse modulation signals or a second path of pulse modulation signals, the first path of continuous wave signals are sent to a standard continuous wave power meter, the first path of pulse modulation signals are sent to a calibrated pulse peak power meter, the second path of continuous wave signals or the pulse modulation signals are subjected to peak detection, and continuous wave signal envelope waveforms or pulse modulation signal envelope waveforms are generated;
the pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit is used for sampling, storing and comparing the envelope waveform of the continuous wave signal or the envelope waveform of the pulse modulation signal output by the pulse power radio frequency unit, and controlling the amplitude of the continuous wave signal or the pulse modulation signal output by the signal generating unit by using the compared difference voltage;
the standard continuous wave power meter is a superior magnitude standard of a pulse peak power standard and is used for calibrating and transmitting the pulse peak power standard, namely measuring the power value of an amplified and coupled continuous wave signal;
the calibrated pulse peak power meter is a calibration object of the pulse peak power calibration device, measures the power value of the amplified and coupled pulse modulation signal, and the standard continuous wave power meter and the calibrated pulse peak power meter are alternately connected with the output end of the directional coupler;
and the monitoring unit is used for controlling the signal generating unit and the pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit, calculating a pulse power calibration factor by utilizing the power values respectively measured by the calibration CW power meter and the calibrated pulse peak power meter when the amplitudes of the continuous wave signal and the pulse modulation signal are the same, and calibrating the calibrated pulse peak power meter according to the pulse power calibration factor.
Wherein,
the signal generating unit includes: a pulse generator and a microwave signal source;
the pulse power radio frequency unit includes: the device comprises a power amplifier, a directional coupler, a power divider and a peak detector, wherein the directional coupler and the power divider are three-port devices which are combined and used for dividing signals into three paths, and the first path of signals are used as test signals and are provided for a standard continuous wave power meter or a corrected pulse peak power meter and used for calibrating the corrected pulse power meter; the second path of signal enters a pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit through a peak detector and is used for stabilizing the amplitude of the signal to be measured; a third signal is used as a monitoring signal to enter the monitoring unit to monitor the waveform of the test signal, wherein the first signal and the second signal are generated necessarily, and the third signal is generated preferably. Because the carrier frequency of the test signal is very high, the direct sampling can not be carried out, and the frequency needs to be shifted to low frequency, the peak detector has the function of linearly reducing the envelope waveform of the test signal, and then the test signal is compared with the output signal of a precision voltage source in a pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit, and the influence of the peak detector on the environment temperature is large due to the material characteristics of the peak detector, and the peak detector is usually arranged in a temperature control device to reduce the influence of the environment temperature on the peak detector;
the pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit comprises: a precision voltage source for generating a reference level; the high-speed sampling circuit is used for sampling the envelope waveform of the continuous wave signal or the pulse modulation signal output by the pulse power radio frequency unit according to the sampling start-stop signal sent by the pulse generator to obtain a video sampling signal of the continuous wave signal or the pulse modulation signal; the comparator is used for comparing the amplitude of the video sampling signal of the continuous wave signal or the pulse modulation signal with the amplitude of the reference level to generate a comparison signal, and sending the comparison signal to the signal generating unit to control the signal amplitude output by the signal generating unit;
the monitoring unit comprises a data processor (computer) and is used for outputting a continuous wave signal or a pulse modulation signal by the switching signal generating unit, outputting a first path of signal corresponding to the switching pulse power radio frequency unit as a standard continuous wave power meter or a calibrated pulse peak power meter, calculating a pulse power calibration factor, and calibrating the calibrated pulse peak power meter according to the pulse power calibration factor, wherein the monitoring unit also optionally comprises an oscilloscope, a peak power meter and a digital voltmeter;
standard cw power meters are continuous wave power transfer standards that include: a continuous wave power sensor and a continuous wave power indicator;
the calibrated pulse power meter comprises: a calibrated pulse power sensor and a calibrated pulse power indicator.
The calibration process of the pulse peak power calibration apparatus provided in this embodiment is as follows:
firstly, a microwave signal source works in a continuous wave mode, after continuous wave signals pass through an amplifier, a directional coupler and a power divider, one path of signals are sent to a pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit through a peak detector, and the other path of signals enter a continuous wave standard power meter; comparing the amplitude of the video sampling signal obtained by sampling with the amplitude of the reference level of the precision voltage source to generate a comparison signal, sending the comparison signal to the external input end of the signal source to control the amplitude of the signal output by the signal source (in the embodiment, the amplitude of the signal output by the signal source is 1mW, but can be adjusted to 20mW continuously according to the level to be tested), and recording the indicated value P of the continuous wave standard power meterbsAnd the signal amplitude output by the signal source.
Then, controlling a microwave signal source to work in a pulse modulation mode, wherein a modulation signal is provided by a pulse generator, is mixed with a carrier signal in the signal source and outputs a pulse modulation signal, one path of the pulse modulation signal enters a peak detector after passing through an amplifier, a directional coupler and a power divider, a pulse envelope signal is sent to a pulse power amplitude stabilizer, and the other path of the pulse envelope signal enters a corrected pulse peak power meter; comparing the amplitude of the video sampling signal obtained by sampling with the high-speed sampling circuit with the amplitude of the reference level of the precision voltage source to generate a comparison signal, and sending the comparison signal to the precision voltage sourceThe signal source controls the pulse peak amplitude to be stable at the same amplitude as the continuous wave signal amplitude, and records the indicated value P of the corrected pulse peak power meterbu，
Calculating the pulse power calibration factor of the calibrated pulse peak power meter, its calibration factor KuIs represented by the formula:
M＝|1-Ge u|2；
in the formula, KcA calibration factor for a peak detector in the pulsed power radio frequency unit; a is a pulse amplitude correction factor, namely the amplitude ratio of continuous wave amplitude to pulse amplitude; pbuThe value is indicated by a corrected pulse power meter, mW; pbsThe value is indicated by a continuous wave standard power meter, mW; m is a mismatch factor;Geis the reflection coefficient of the equivalent signal source;uis the reflection coefficient of the calibrated peak power meter.
In practical tests, due to mismatch in factor MGeAndusince it is difficult to obtain the phase of (a), approximating M to 1 is evaluated in the uncertainty analysis of the later stages, so the above formula can be simplified as:
and calibrating the calibrated pulse peak power meter according to the calculated pulse power calibration factor calibration.
The calibration device of the pulse peak power meter in the frequency band of 18 GHz-50 GHz is taken as an example for further explanation:
the device adopts the pulse amplitude-stabilizing loop technology, and comprises: the device comprises a signal generating unit, a pulse power radio frequency unit, a pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit, a monitoring control unit, a standard continuous wave power meter and a calibrated pulse power meter;
wherein,
the signal generating unit includes: a pulse generator 81110A and a microwave signal source 8257D;
the pulse power radio frequency unit includes: a power amplifier 83050a, a directional coupler 87301E, a power divider 11667C, and a peak detector 8474E;
the pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit comprises: the high-speed sampling circuit comprises a precision voltage source, a high-speed sampling circuit and a comparator; the monitoring control unit consists of an oscilloscope TDS3054B, a peak power meter 4500B, a digital voltmeter 34401 and a computer;
standard cw power meters are continuous wave power transfer standards that include: a continuous wave power sensor 2510 and a continuous wave power indicator 1830;
the calibrated pulse power meter comprises: calibrated pulse power sensor N1924A and calibrated pulse power indicator 8990B.
Firstly, a microwave signal source works in a continuous wave mode, after continuous wave signals pass through an amplifier, a directional coupler and a power divider, one path of signals are sent to a pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit through a peak detector, and the other path of signals enter a continuous wave standard power meter; using amplitude and precision of video sampling signal obtained after peak detectionComparing reference level amplitude of dense voltage source, sending comparison signal to external input end of signal source, controlling signal amplitude output by signal source, recording indicated value P of continuous wave standard power meterbsAnd the signal amplitude output by the signal source.
Then, controlling a microwave signal source to work in a pulse modulation mode, wherein a modulation signal is provided by a pulse generator, is mixed with a carrier signal in the signal source and outputs a pulse modulation signal, one path of the pulse modulation signal enters a peak detector after passing through an amplifier, a directional coupler and a power divider, a pulse envelope signal is sent to a pulse power amplitude stabilizer, and the other path of the pulse envelope signal enters a corrected pulse peak power meter; comparing the amplitude of the video sampling signal obtained after peak detection with the amplitude of the reference level of the precise voltage source, sending the comparison signal to a signal source, controlling the amplitude of the pulse peak to be stable at the same amplitude as that of the continuous wave signal, and recording the indicated value P of the corrected pulse peak power meterbu，
Calculating the pulse power calibration factor calibration of the calibrated pulse peak power meter:
experimental tests prove that the pulse peak power calibration device provided by the embodiment can effectively reduce the mismatch of a test end face, is beneficial to improving the uncertainty of power measurement, is suitable for pulse signals with various pulse widths and periods, and can ensure that the uncertainty value of power measurement is not changed under the condition of small duty ratio. The pulse peak power calibration device provided by the embodiment is already applied to the 18 GHz-50 GHz pulse peak power standard, the measurement uncertainty of the calibration factor is 3.5% -6.5%, the test of the fast edge pulse signal power of not less than 5ns can be realized, and the pulse width covers 0.1 us-20 us.
It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A calibration apparatus for a pulse peak power meter, the apparatus comprising:
a signal generating unit for outputting a continuous wave signal or a pulse modulation signal;
the pulse power radio frequency unit is used for amplifying and coupling the continuous wave signal or the pulse modulation signal into two paths, the first path of signal is sent to a standard continuous wave power meter or a calibrated pulse peak power meter, and the second path of signal is subjected to peak detection to generate a signal envelope waveform;
the pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit is used for sampling, storing and comparing the signal envelope waveform output by the pulse power radio frequency unit, and controlling the amplitude of a continuous wave signal or a pulse modulation signal by using the compared differential voltage;
the standard continuous wave power meter is used for measuring the power value of the first continuous wave signal;
the corrected pulse peak power meter is used for measuring the power value of the first path of pulse modulation signal;
and the monitoring unit is used for controlling the signal generating unit and the pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit, calculating a pulse power calibration factor by utilizing the power values respectively measured by the calibration CW power meter and the calibrated pulse peak power meter when the amplitudes of the continuous wave signal and the pulse modulation signal are the same, and calibrating the calibrated pulse peak power meter according to the pulse power calibration factor.
2. The calibration device of the pulse peak power meter according to claim 1, wherein the pulse power radio frequency unit comprises:
a power amplifier, a directional coupler, a power divider, a peak detector,
the directional coupler and the power divider are combined and used for dividing the continuous wave signal or the pulse modulation signal amplified by the power amplifier into two paths, and the first path of signal is used as a test signal and sent to a standard continuous wave power meter or a calibrated pulse peak power meter and used for calibrating the calibrated pulse power meter; and the second path of signal enters the pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit through the peak detector and is used for stabilizing the amplitude of the continuous wave signal or the pulse modulation signal.
And the peak detector is used for linearly restoring the envelope waveform of the continuous wave signal or the pulse modulation signal.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the peak detector is disposed in the temperature control device.
4. The calibration device of the pulse peak power meter according to claim 1, wherein the pulse power amplitude stabilizing unit comprises:
a precision voltage source for generating a reference level;
the high-speed sampling circuit is used for sampling the signal envelope waveform output by the pulse power radio frequency unit according to the sampling start-stop signal sent by the signal generating unit to obtain a video sampling signal;
and the comparator is used for comparing the amplitude of the video sampling signal with the amplitude of the reference level to generate a comparison signal, and sending the comparison signal to the signal generating unit to control the signal amplitude output by the signal generating unit.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the monitoring unit calculates the pulse power calibration factor according to the formula:
in the formula, KcA calibration factor for a peak detector in the pulsed power radio frequency unit; a is a pulse amplitude correction factor, namely the amplitude ratio of continuous wave amplitude to pulse amplitude; pbuIs the indicated value of the corrected pulse power meter; pbsIs a continuous wave standard power meter indicator value.
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| CN109782209A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-21 | 上海精密计量测试研究所 | Pulse power calibration factor calibration method |
| CN113777370A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-12-10 | 河南省计量科学研究院 | Accurate level signal generating device and generating method |
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| CN109782209A (en) * | 2019-03-11 | 2019-05-21 | 上海精密计量测试研究所 | Pulse power calibration factor calibration method |
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