CN105242177B - A kind of island detection method based on System Discrimination - Google Patents
A kind of island detection method based on System Discrimination Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
In the utilization to clean energy resource, distributed generation system and micro-capacitance sensor have big advantage, but are also faced with problems, and the key link for distributed generation system implementation control is exactly the detection to island effect.Island effect refers to that either the factors such as repair bulk power grid disconnects or is stopped DG system jams, and grid-connection device is not effectively detected out power down mode, Distributed-generation equipment is departed to bulk power grid, but still to the local situation for loading offer energy.Current isolated island detection technique can be divided into passive detection method, active detecting method and remote detection method.The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art：Quickly, isolated island event is accurately and reliably detected, is effectively prevented from passive means there are the defects of blind area, while certain disturbing signal need not be injected in power grid, the quality of the output electric energy of electricity generation system is improved, avoids causing harmonic pollution.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to distributed generation system field more particularly to a kind of island detection methods based on System Discrimination.
Background technology
In recent years, with the continuous development of industry, fossil energy and is excessively relied on, causes environmental pollution, resource disappears
It is increasingly prominent to consume the problems such as serious.It can obtain after being consumed compared to regenerative resources such as fossil energy, solar energy, wind energy, Hydrogen Energies extensive
Multiple supplement, does not generate or seldom generates pollutant, therefore be considered a type of clean energy resource.In the utilization to clean energy resource, distribution
Formula electricity generation system DG (Distributed Generation) plays an important role.DG refers to through small, distribution
Power generating equipment near load realizes economy, efficiently and reliably generates electricity.Most current DG uses wind energy, solar energy and water
The green energy resources such as power.
Although distributed generation system and micro-capacitance sensor have big advantage, problems are also faced with, for distribution
The key link that formula electricity generation system implements control is exactly the detection to island effect.Island effect refers to DG system jams
Either the factors bulk power grid such as repair disconnects or is stopped, and grid-connection device is not effectively detected out power down mode, will be distributed
Formula generating equipment departs from bulk power grid, but still to the local situation for loading offer energy.At this point, distributed generation system and week
The load enclosed forms self-sufficient, isolated electric power system.If isolated island occurs suddenly, and any measure is not taken, it will
It can cause following harm：During islet operation, due to the output power not phase of the power that can bear that ought locally load and system
Matching, may damage electrical equipment；The controls such as voltage, the frequency of system are failed, the parameter of system in islet operation
Value may deviate critical field, cause the failures such as overvoltage, overcurrent, seriously affect the normal work of electricity generation system and electrical equipment；
In addition, the personal safety of the construction personnel and user for not knowing concrete condition all constitute certain threat；Again close a floodgate
When, two polygonal voltage of common point that may cause DG bulk power grids is asynchronous so that failure of closing a floodgate causes and has a power failure again.
By and large, current isolated island detection technique can be divided into passive detection method, active detecting method and long-range inspection
Survey method.Passive detection method is mainly before and after DG output terminals, detection isolated island generation, at the point of common coupling of electricity generation system and power grid
The parameters such as voltage, frequency, phase variation to determine whether isolated island occurs.But when local load and DG output powers
When matching, voltage, frequency, phase at Coupling point etc. are not in larger variation in isolated island, and passive means will at this time
It is present with certain blind area.Active detecting rule is that voltage, electric current, frequency or the phase of very little are periodically added in control signal
The interference volumes such as position.The check frequency for being opposite passive detection method a little of this kind of method is smaller, and accuracy of detection is higher, but by
In introducing certain disturbance quantity, the harmonic wave for causing output quantity may be increased, the unfavorable factors such as power grid power quality decline.It should
Method mainly realizes isolated island detection, the communication being mainly based upon between bulk power grid and distributed generation system in bulk power grid side.The party
Method is effective in real time, and interference will not be generated without blind area, and to power grid.But need the equipment of higher configured, the operation of realization compared with
For complexity, input cost height.
The content of the invention
Skill to be solved by this invention states problem and is to overcome deficiency existing for prior art, provides one kind and is distinguished based on system
The island detection method of knowledge.This method can quickly, accurately and reliably detect isolated island event, be effectively prevented from passive means presence
The defects of blind area；Certain disturbing signal need not be injected in power grid simultaneously, thus will not be to the output electric energy of electricity generation system
Quality have an impact, do not generate harmonic pollution.
To solve the problems, such as that above-mentioned skill is stated, it is as follows that the island detection method based on System Discrimination completes step：
S1. the voltage signal and defeated at the electricity generation system of distributed generation system and the point of common coupling PCC of power grid is obtained
Go out current signal；
S2. by bandstop filter, the fundamental wave of the voltage signal of acquisition and current signal is removed, obtain voltage signal and
The harmonic component U and I of current signal；
S3. black box is regarded as in the part at PCC ends, which includes local load and network system, in step S2
Voltage harmonic component U and current harmonics component I outputting and inputting as black box, inside least-squares algorithm estimation black box
Parameter namely PCC terminal impedances parameter；
S4. system is obtained in island operation state and the PCC terminal impedance parameters of grid-connected state, generation training dataset
T；
S5. training dataset T generates logistic regression classifier, and passes through training, improves the accuracy rate of grader；
S6. by trained grader, online isolated island detection is carried out.The PCC terminal impedance parameters obtained in real time are inputted, are used
Logistic regression classifier judges isolated island.For the electricity generation system of selected target, if output y=1, judges that system enters isolated island
Operating status；If y=0, judge that system enters grid-connected state.
Bandstop filter described in step S2 is second order bandstop filter, and transmission function is：
Wherein it is ωnThe angular frequency of filtering.
Black box includes local load and network system, since electric network impedance is smaller, grid-connected operating status PCC in step S3
The impedance at place is smaller, and the impedance magnitude under island state at PCC is equal to local load impedance.Thus work as system from the shape that is incorporated into the power networks
When state is to island state, the impedance at PCC will change, and isolated island event is detected by the variation of impedance.Utilize parallel connection
Resistance, inductance, capacitor model, i.e. parallel connection RLC models simulate the composition form of black box.
Equivalent impedance model at recursive least squares algorithm identification PCC, the ginseng of estimation parallel connection RLC models are utilized in step S3
Number.Harmonic component I and U are respectively outputting and inputting for model, and transmission function is：
It will be represented by after above formula discretization
U (k)=- a1u(k-1)-a2u(k-2)+b0i(k)+b1i(k-1)+b2i(k-2)
Wherein x=[a1,a2,b0,b1,b2] be system parameter.
The sample size of island state and grid-connected state is impartial in training sample set T in step S4.
By data set T in step S5, training logistic regression classifier, that is, seeking optimal classification interface can be by all data
It is divided into two classes, corresponds to island state and and net state respectively；Anticipation function therein, i.e. logical function are expressed as：
Grader exports：
Wherein w=[w1,w2,w3,w4,w5]；Input of the parameter that identification system is calculated as anticipation function, is expressed as
X=[a1,a2,b0,b1,b2], the mathematical description of classification interface is w0+wTX=0.We make Z=w0+wTX is exported according to grader
It understands, as Z >=0, y=1 is calculated, represents the state of isolated island event；As Z ＜ 0, y=0 is can be calculated, represents non-orphan
The state of island event.
Further, the parameter w of logistic regression classifier is obtained0And w, it then carries out system online to PCC terminal impedances and distinguishes
Know, obtain the identification result of systematic parameter.Feature figureofmerit is had this parameter as, and is the input of logistic regression classifier, into
The solution and decision-making of row isolated island detection.
Further, when grader output is y=1, to prevent erroneous judgement, it is necessary to continue the regular hour, as y=1 and hold
Continuous time T is more than time threshold TdWhen, just think that isolated island event occurs in distributed generation system, send isolated island signal, take one
Fixed safeguard measure.
The present invention has the advantages that compared with prior art：Quickly, isolated island event is accurately and reliably detected, is had
Effect ground avoids passive means there are the defects of blind area, while certain disturbing signal need not be injected in power grid, raising electricity generation system
Output electric energy quality, avoid causing harmonic pollution.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the distributed generation system inverse control system and isolated island detecting device according to one embodiment of the invention.Fig. 2
It is that System Discrimination according to one embodiment of the invention and logistic regression classifier establish process.
Fig. 3 is the isolated island detection solution procedure according to one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is that the testing result of foundation one embodiment of the invention is shown.
Specific embodiment
Below to a kind of island detection method based on System Discrimination provided by the present invention, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments in detail
It describes in detail bright.
The present invention mainly applies to distributed generation system, and wherein DC source is connected to the grid by inversion system, and to originally
Ground load provides electric energy.The electric current of inversion system, voltage control are carried out using digitial controller.
A kind of island detection method based on System Discrimination of the present invention, comprises the following steps：
S1. the voltage signal and defeated at the electricity generation system of distributed generation system and the point of common coupling PCC of power grid is obtained
Go out current signal；
S2. by bandstop filter, the fundamental wave of the voltage signal of acquisition and current signal is removed, obtain voltage signal and
The harmonic component U and I of current signal；
S3. black box is regarded as in the part at PCC ends, which includes local load and network system, in step S2
Voltage harmonic component U and current harmonics component I outputting and inputting as black box, inside least-squares algorithm estimation black box
Parameter namely PCC terminal impedances parameter；
S4. system is obtained in island operation state and the PCC terminal impedance parameters of grid-connected state, generation training dataset
T；
S5. training dataset T generates logistic regression classifier, and passes through training, improves the accuracy rate of grader；
S6. by trained grader, online isolated island detection is carried out.The PCC terminal impedance parameters obtained in real time are inputted, are used
Logistic regression classifier judges isolated island.For the electricity generation system of selected target, if output y=1, judges that system enters isolated island
Operating status；If y=0, judge that system enters grid-connected state.
Bandstop filter described in step S2 is second order bandstop filter, and transmission function is：
Wherein it is ωnThe angular frequency of filtering.
Black box includes local load and network system, since electric network impedance is smaller, grid-connected operating status PCC in step S3
The impedance at place is smaller, and the impedance magnitude under island state at PCC is equal to local load impedance.Thus work as system from the shape that is incorporated into the power networks
When state is to island state, the impedance at PCC will change, and isolated island event is detected by the variation of impedance.Utilize parallel connection
Resistance, inductance, capacitor model, i.e. parallel connection RLC models simulate the composition form of black box.
Equivalent impedance model at recursive least squares algorithm identification PCC, the ginseng of estimation parallel connection RLC models are utilized in step S3
Number.Harmonic component I and U are respectively outputting and inputting for model, and transmission function is：
It will be represented by after above formula discretization
U (k)=- a1u(k-1)-a2u(k-2)+b0i(k)+b1i(k-1)+b2i(k-2)
Wherein x=[a1,a2,b0,b1,b2] be system parameter.
The sample size of island state and grid-connected state is impartial in training sample set T in step S4.
By data set T in step S5, training logistic regression classifier, that is, seeking optimal classification interface can be by all data
It is divided into two classes, corresponds to island state and and net state respectively；Anticipation function therein, i.e. logical function are expressed as：
Grader exports：
Wherein w=[w1,w2,w3,w4,w5]；Input of the parameter that identification system is calculated as anticipation function, is expressed as
X=[a1,a2,b0,b1,b2], the mathematical description of classification interface is w0+wTX=0.We make Z=w0+wTX is exported according to grader
It understands, as Z >=0, y=1 is calculated, represents the state of isolated island event；As Z ＜ 0, y=0 is can be calculated, represents non-orphan
The state of island event.
Obtain the parameter w of logistic regression classifier0And w, it then carries out System Discrimination online to PCC terminal impedances, obtains
The identification result of systematic parameter.Feature figureofmerit is had this parameter as, and is the input of logistic regression classifier, carries out isolated island inspection
The solution and decision-making of survey.
When grader output is y=1, to prevent erroneous judgement, it is necessary to continue the regular hour, when y=1 and duration T
More than time threshold TdWhen, just think that isolated island event occurs in distributed generation system, send isolated island signal, take certain protection
Measure.
Here is the further description to technical solution of the present invention：
As shown in Figure 1, it is inverse control system and the structure chart of detection device.The system is by DC power supply, inverter,
Filter circuit, local to load, quasi-PR controllers and alone island detection system composition.Wherein quasi-PR controllers can carry
For stablizing, effectively track reference reference current, controller are defined as follows：
ωn=2 π f, f=50Hz are the angular frequency of power grid, Kp=100, KR=
1000,ωC=5.
Local load ZloadFor RLC models in parallel, R=10 Ω, L=100mH, C=100 μ F.
The present embodiment is the output power by controlling current control inversion system, wherein control module and detection mould
Block is completed by DSP28335.
When being matched due to the output power when electricity generation system with local load, PCC terminal voltages Upcc and output current I are not
Significant change can occur, this is the maximum predicament that isolated island detection technique faces.
System operation conditions are arranged to output power and locally load situation about matching by the present embodiment.
As shown in Fig. 2, carrying out System Discrimination to the impedance at PCC ends first, training set is obtained, completes logistic regression classifier
Foundation, step is as follows：
2a. obtains PCC terminal voltages Upcc and output current I, and passes through bandpass filter, obtains voltage signal and electric current letter
Number harmonic component U ' pcc and I '
2b. harmonic component U ' pcc and I ' utilize the method for System Discrimination respectively as the output and input of model to be estimated
To obtaining the estimation parameter x=[a of parallel connection RLC models1,a2,b0,b1,b2], wherein method is least square method of recursion.
Wherein occur data saturated phenomenon in order to prevent, added in least square method of recursion and forget introduction τ=0.98, with
Tremendous influence caused by reducing historical data.
After 2c. obtains estimation parameter, and a certain number of training are formed to (x, y), x is estimation parameter, and y is belonging to parameter
Classification
Y=1, represents island state, and y=0 represents grid-connected state.
The data volume of wherein island state and simultaneously net state is impartial, finally forms training set.
2d. trains logistic regression classifier using training set, and wherein anticipation function is：
The probability of happening is：
P (x/y)=hy(1-h)1-y
Seek optimal classification device parameter, w and w using maximum likelihood method0So that likelihood functionReach maximum.Pass through
Gradient descent method acquires qualified w and w0, the recursive calculative formula is as follows：
Wj:=Wj-α(h(xj)-yj)xj
2e. finally obtains logistic regression classifier, parameter value ω0=0.1251, ω=[13.1411, -22.4119,1,
1,-2.9]T。
Obtained training aids is applied in distributed generation system, isolated island online is carried out and detects, as shown in figure 3, step
It is rapid as follows：
3a. obtains systematic parameter x=[a by least square method1,a2,b0,b1,b2]。
3b. judges obtained parameter using trained logistic regression classifier.
3c. is if it is judged that y=0, then that isolated island event does not occur, system normal operation is in simultaneously net state.
3d. is if it is judged that y=1, and duration T is more than threshold value Td=5ms, then it is assumed that isolated island, system hair occurs
Go out isolated island detection signal, and take certain measure.
The effect of the present embodiment is as shown in figure 4, wherein Z=w0+wTAfter x, a figure represent that isolated island occurs, big saltus step occurs for z,
B figures represent the transmission of isolated island event and isolated island detection signal.System substantially detects isolated island event in 10ms or so, and sends out
Go out isolated island signal, not only meet the time requirement of isolated island detection, and it is quick and easy effective.
Embodiment of above is merely to illustrate the present invention, and not limitation of the present invention, in relation to the common of technical field
Technical staff without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can also make a variety of changes and modification, therefore all
Equivalent technical solution falls within scope of the invention, and scope of patent protection of the invention should be defined by the claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of island detection method based on System Discrimination, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：
S1. the voltage signal and output electricity at the electricity generation system of distributed generation system and the point of common coupling PCC of power grid are obtained
Flow signal；
S2. by bandstop filter, the fundamental wave of the voltage signal of acquisition and current signal is removed, obtains voltage signal and electric current
The harmonic component U and I of signal；
S3. black box is regarded as in the part at PCC ends, which includes local load and network system, the electric current in step S2
Harmonic component I and voltage harmonic component U outputting and inputting as black box utilize the ginseng inside least-squares algorithm estimation black box
Number namely the parameter of PCC terminal impedances；
S4. system is obtained in island operation state and the PCC terminal impedance parameters of grid-connected state, generation training dataset T；
S5. training dataset T generates logistic regression classifier, and passes through training, improves the accuracy rate of grader；
S6. by trained grader, online isolated island detection is carried out, the PCC terminal impedance parameters obtained in real time are inputted, using logic
It returns grader and judges isolated island, for the electricity generation system of selected target, if output y=1, judges that system enters islet operation
State；If y=0, judge that system enters grid-connected state；
Black box includes local load and network system in step S3, since electric network impedance is smaller, at grid-connected operating status PCC
Impedance is smaller, and the impedance magnitude under island state at PCC is equal to local load impedance, thus when system from grid-connected state to
During island state, the impedance at PCC will change, and isolated island event is detected by the variation of impedance, using parallel resistance,
Inductance, capacitor model, i.e. parallel connection RLC models simulate the composition form of black box；
Equivalent impedance model at PCC is recognized using recursive least squares algorithm in step S3, estimates the parameter of parallel connection RLC models,
Harmonic component I and U are respectively outputting and inputting for model, and transmission function is：
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It will be represented by after above formula discretization
U (k)=- a1u(k-1)-a2u(k-2)+b0i(k)+b1i(k-1)+b2i(k-2)
Wherein x=[a1,a2,b0,b1,b2] be system parameter.
2. a kind of island detection method based on System Discrimination as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described in step S2
Bandstop filter for second order bandstop filter, transmission function is：
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Wherein it is ωnThe angular frequency of filtering.
A kind of 3. island detection method based on System Discrimination as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the instruction in step S4
It is impartial to practice the sample size of island state and grid-connected state in sample set T.
4. a kind of island detection method based on System Discrimination as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that pass through in step S5
Data set T, training logistic regression classifier, that is, two classes can be divided by all data by seeking optimal classification interface, corresponding lonely respectively
Island state and and net state；Anticipation function therein, i.e. logical function are expressed as：
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Wherein w=[w1,w2,w3,w4,w5]；Input of the parameter that identification system is calculated as anticipation function, is expressed as x=
[a1,a2,b0,b1,b2], the mathematical description of classification interface is w0+wTX=0, we make Z=w0+wTX, can according to grader output
Know, as Z >=0, y=1 is calculated, represents the state of isolated island event；As Z ＜ 0, y=0 is can be calculated, represents non-isolated island
The state of event.
5. a kind of island detection method based on System Discrimination as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that obtain logistic regression
The parameter w of grader0And w, System Discrimination is then carried out online to PCC terminal impedances, obtains the identification result of systematic parameter, it will
The parameter is the input of logistic regression classifier as feature figureofmerit, carries out the solution and decision-making of isolated island detection.
6. a kind of island detection method based on System Discrimination as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that when grader exports
For y=1 when, to prevent erroneous judgement, it is necessary to continue the regular hour, when y=1 and duration T are more than time threshold TdWhen, just recognize
There is isolated island event for distributed generation system, send isolated island signal, take certain safeguard measure.
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| CN105759177B (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2018-06-05 | 浙江大学城市学院 | A kind of distributed power grid island detection method based on classification multi-model fusion |
| CN107703378A (en) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-02-16 | 新疆电力建设调试所 | A kind of island detection method and device |
| CN111366805B (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2022-05-17 | 深圳市首航新能源股份有限公司 | Island detection method and device and photovoltaic grid-connected power generation system |
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| CN101488664A (en) * | 2009-02-27 | 2009-07-22 | 上海航锐电源科技有限公司 | Anti-island effect protection method based on output current frequency disturbance |
| CN103778470A (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2014-05-07 | 上海交通大学 | Distributed generation island detection method with on-line self-learning ability |
| CN104111409A (en) * | 2014-07-14 | 2014-10-22 | 广东易事特电源股份有限公司 | Method for islanding detection based on harmonic impedance characteristic function pattern recognition |
| CN104316786A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-01-28 | 湖南大学 | Mixed isolated island detection method |
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