CN105241964B - The delay calculating method of cylindrical surface workpiece phase-control focusing ultrasound detection - Google Patents
The delay calculating method of cylindrical surface workpiece phase-control focusing ultrasound detection Download PDFInfo
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- CN105241964B CN105241964B CN201510575567.6A CN201510575567A CN105241964B CN 105241964 B CN105241964 B CN 105241964B CN 201510575567 A CN201510575567 A CN 201510575567A CN 105241964 B CN105241964 B CN 105241964B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of delay calculating method of cylindrical surface workpiece phase-control focusing ultrasound detection, it is characterised in that：Each array element delay calculating method and each array element delay calculating method during focus detection after being reflected through cylindrical inner wall when being detected including direct projection.The delay that delay calculating method proposed by the present invention is calculated can form preferably detection acoustic beam, the energy less axle of effective detection external diameter or tubular workpiece, including the transverse defect in Small-diameter Tube Seams, the supplement detection of other defects in such workpiece is can be used for, supplementary defect is qualitative.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of delay calculating method of cylindrical surface workpiece phase-control focusing ultrasound detection, belong to ultrasonic inspection
Survey technology field.
Background technology
Small-diameter Tube Seams are widely present in the various large-sized boilers such as oil, chemical industry, heating especially apparatus of thermo-electric power boiler,
As heat exchange and mass transfer.Boiler such as 1 m. gigawatt (GW) there are about the multiple tracks of weld seam 80,000 in an installation, and China in 2014
The m. gigawatt (GW) of thermal power generation installed capacity about 915.7, Small-diameter Tube Seams enormous amount.If there is undiscovered harm in weld seam
Property defect, then easily cause booster, may cause boiler non-programmed halt, cause huge economic loss and social concern.Such
Weld seam Service Environment is severe, therefore the reliability and detection efficiency for detection require high, and detection difficulty is big.It is especially horizontal
Defect, easily missing inspection.Transverse defect refers to the trend of defect in weld seam perpendicular to axis of a weld and the defect of detection faces, most often
The transverse defect seen is transversal crack.
The conventional non-destructive testing technology of current weld seam detection includes ray, ultrasound, magnetic, infiltration and vortex, wherein only having
Ray and ultrasound can detect Small-diameter Tube Seams surface and internal flaw simultaneously.
Ray detection is defective position and absorption energy of the zero defect position to ray when being detected object using Radiolucent
Power is different, causes the brightness for being imaged egative film different and detects defect, the general double-wall double-projection detection method using single transillumination.
Its area-type defect larger to harmfulness such as crackle, incomplete fusions is insensitive；It is difficult to have in transillumination, detection when detecting thicker workpiece
Blind area, is easily caused missing inspection；Also there is radiation, pollution, the low deficiency of efficiency.
And ultrasound detection conventional at present is typically detected using oblique incidence shear wave (SV ripples) pulse echo method one side bilateral, lead to
Cross and move back and forth probe manually and make zigzag scan Z, observed echo amplitude and the echo change qualitative defect of positioning and quantitative.This method
During detection, acoustic propagation direction and transverse defect are coplanar, it is difficult to detect transverse defect, and use before internal loopback mode, voussoir
Along larger, it is difficult to detect relatively thin workpiece.In addition, the check frequency of ultrasonic diffraction time difference method is too big, even greater than pipe wall thickness,
It is unsuitable for detecting Small-diameter Tube Seams.Finally, the phased array ultrasonic detection technology commonly used in current industrial detection is using poly-
Burnt pulse shear wave echo method sectoring, electron scanning and multinomial scanning imagery are detected, equally exist conventional Ultrasound detection
In the problem of run into-acoustic propagation direction and transverse defect it is coplanar, defect reflection echo signal is very weak, or even is submerged in noise letter
Among number, missing inspection is easily caused.Detected that probe array number is more, it is desirable to equipment using two dimensional phased battle array ultrasonic detecting technology
Port number is more, and detection device is expensive and is unsuitable for field application.
The ultrasound detection of current transverse defect can only detection plate butt weld transverse defect.Mainly using conventional super
Sound Single crystal probe, is arranged in weld seam both sides, and angle probe is not more than 10 ° with axis of a weld angulation, makees both direction
Lateral scan with oblique angle, if weld reinforcement is polished, probe can make the parallel scan of both direction on weld dimensions.But
Lateral scan with oblique angle cannot be used for pipe butt weld, cause acoustic beam diverging serious mainly due to voussoir-part profile so that detection
Sound field is chaotic, it is impossible to detected.
In order to overcome above mentioned problem, the transverse defect detection means of Cylinder Surface workpiece is developed, details are with reference to patent
201510498212.1, when being detected using the device, it is necessary to set the delay of each array element, existing method is not applied to and the dress
Put, and without the specific computational methods of disclosure in above-mentioned patent, thus it is unreasonable that delay can be caused to set, it is impossible to form effective
Detect acoustic beam.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of cylindrical surface workpiece phase-control focusing ultrasound detection
Delay calculating method.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
The delay calculating method of cylindrical surface workpiece phase-control focusing ultrasound detection, including each array element delay during direct projection detection
Computational methods and each array element delay calculating method during focus detection after being reflected through cylindrical inner wall；
Each array element delay calculating method process is during the direct projection detection：
A1 defects detection model) is built, cross section is made along center probe；
A2 it is origin O) to define the point intersected with pipe axle in cross section, sets up polar coordinate system；
A3) position where the aft terminal B on voussoir inclined-plane is B (RB,θB)；Position where the aft terminal A of voussoir lower surface
For A (Rout, 0), RoutFor pipe external diameter；
A4 the position where each array element center) is calculated；
Position where defining i-th of array element center I is I (Ri,θi)；
Wherein, AI the distance between is A points to i-th array element center I, and BI is B points between i-th of array element center I
Distance；
H0For the distance between A points to B points, α0For the inclination angle of voussoir；
BI=p × (i-1)+s0
s0For the distance of B points to its nearest neighbours array element center, p is the distance between array element spacing, i.e., adjacent array element center, p
=g+e, wherein g are array element gap size, and e is array element width；
A5) according to Snell laws, the equation of incidence point position is obtained；
Position where defining the incidence point D for the sound wave that i-th of array element is excited is D (Rout, θD)；Where sound focusing point P
Position is P (RP, θP)；
On θDEquation be,
Wherein, cwFor voussoir acoustic velocity of material, csFor the tube material velocity of sound；
A6 the span of incidence point position) is obtained；
I and P is connected with straight line, the point that straight line intersects with circular arc is E, and the position where E is E (Rout, θE), θDValue model
It is trapped among θiAnd θEBetween；
A7) according to the span and equation of incidence point position, using dichotomy numerical computations, incidence point position is obtained
Value；
A8 the delay of array element) is obtained according to incidence point positional value；The delay Δ t of i-th of array elementiFor,
Δti=max (t)-ti+t0
Wherein,
For i-th of array element center I, when transmitting sound wave passes to the sound used in P points；
Max (t) is tiIn maximum；
t0Initial time delay in being set for delay, is a fixed constant；
Each array element delay calculating method during focus detection after being reflected through cylindrical inner wall：
B1 defects detection model) is built, cross section is made along center probe；
B2 it is origin O) to define the point intersected with pipe axle in cross section, sets up polar coordinate system；
B3) position where the aft terminal B on voussoir inclined-plane is B (RB, θB)；Position where the aft terminal A of voussoir lower surface
For A (Rout, 0), RoutEqual to pipe external diameter；
B4 the position where each array element center) is calculated；
Position where defining i-th of array element center I is I (Ri, θi)；
Wherein, AI the distance between is A points to i-th array element center I, and BI is B points between i-th of array element center I
Distance；
H0For the distance between A points to B points, α0For the inclination angle of voussoir；
BI=p × (i-1)+s0
s0For the distance of B points to its nearest neighbours array element center, p is the distance between array element spacing, i.e., adjacent array element center, p
=g+e, wherein g are array element gap size, and e is array element width；
B5) according to Snell laws and sine and cosine theorem, the equation of incidence point position is obtained；
Position where defining the incidence point H for the sound wave that i-th of array element is excited is H (Rout, θH)；Sound focusing point P ' places
Position be P ' (RP′, θP′)；Position where inside pipe wall pip F is F (Rin, θF), RinFor bore；
On θHEquation be,
B6 the span of incidence point position) is obtained；
With straight line connection I and P ', the point that straight line intersects with circular arc is K, and the position where K is K (Rout, θK), θHValue
Scope is in θiAnd θKBetween；
B7) according to the span and equation of incidence point position, using dichotomy numerical computations, incidence point position is obtained
Value；
B8 the delay of array element) is obtained according to incidence point positional value；
The delay Δ t of i-th of array elementi' be,
Δti'=max (t) '-ti′+t0
Wherein,
For i-th of array element center I, when transmitting sound wave passes to the sound used in P '；
Max (t) ' is ti' in maximum.
The beneficial effect that the present invention is reached：The delay that delay calculating method proposed by the present invention is calculated can be formed preferably
Detection acoustic beam, can effective detection external diameter smaller (be generally less than 159mm) axle or tubular workpiece, including Small-diameter Tube Seams
In transverse defect, can be used for the supplement detection of other defects in such workpiece, supplementary defect is qualitative.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the transverse defect detection means of Cylinder Surface workpiece.
Fig. 2 is cross-sectional when direct wave is detected.
Fig. 3 is partial enlarged drawing.
Fig. 4 is cross-sectional when back wave is detected
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.Following examples are only used for clearly illustrating the present invention
Technical scheme, and can not be limited the scope of the invention with this.
As shown in figure 1, being the transverse defect detection means of Cylinder Surface workpiece, direct projection detection can be achieved and through cylindrical inner wall
Focus detection after reflection, in general, the region away from detection faces, direct projection detection can be met, and be walked additionally, due to defect
To being multidirectional, when defect is moved towards with direct wave relatively, detection defect is relatively difficult, it is necessary to using through cylindrical inner wall
Focus detection after reflection.
The delay calculating method of cylindrical surface workpiece phase-control focusing ultrasound detection, including each array element delay during direct projection detection
Computational methods and each array element delay calculating method during focus detection after being reflected through cylindrical inner wall.
Each array element delay calculating method process is when direct projection is detected：
A1 defects detection model) is built, makees cross section along center probe, specifically as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
A2 it is origin O) to define the point intersected with pipe axle in cross section, sets up polar coordinate system.
A3) position where the aft terminal B on voussoir inclined-plane is B (RB, θB)；Position where the aft terminal A of voussoir lower surface
For A (Rout, 0), RoutEqual to pipe external diameter.
A4 the position where each array element) is calculated.
Position where defining i-th of array element center I is I (Ri, θi)；
In Δ ABI, A points are defined to the distance between B points AB=H0, ∠ ABI=α0+ pi/2, α0For the inclination angle of voussoir；
B points are to the distance between i-th array element center I BI
BI=p × (i-1)+s0； (1.1)
Wherein, s0For the distance of B points to its nearest neighbours array element center, p be between array element spacing, i.e., adjacent array element center away from
From p=g+e, wherein g are array element gap size, and e is array element width；
Thus it can calculate, the distance between A points to i-th array element center I AI,
So θBFor,
θB=π-β0-∠BAI (1.4)
So, in Δ IAO,
Calculated by sine,
Parameter used in above-mentioned calculating is collected, as shown in Table 1.
Parameter summary sheet used in table one
Calculate and obtain each array element center position, as shown in Table 2.
Each array element center of table two
A5 the equation of incidence point position) is obtained.
Position where defining the incidence point D for the sound wave that i-th of array element is excited is D (Rout, θD), incidence angle is αi；Sound gathers
Position where focus P is P (RP, θP), refraction angle is αr。
In Δ IOD,
In Δ POD,
By Snell laws,
Wherein, cwFor voussoir acoustic velocity of material, csFor the tube material velocity of sound；
Obtained after abbreviation on θDEquation be,
In order to avoid there is the situation that denominator is zero, facilitate program calculation, formula is converted into,
A6 the span of incidence point position) is obtained.
I and P is connected with straight line, the point that straight line intersects with circular arc is E, and the position where E is E (Rout, θE), θDValue model
It is trapped among θiAnd θEBetween.
In Δ IOP,
∠ PIO=∠ EIO, be,
In Δ IEO, ∠ IEO are,
So
θE=π-∠ EIO- ∠ IEO+ θi。 (2.10)
A7) according to the span of incidence point position and equation (2.6), using dichotomy numerical computations, incidence point is obtained
Positional value.
DI and DP can be tried to achieve by bringing incidence point positional value into (2.1) and (2.3).
A8 the delay of array element) is obtained according to incidence point positional value.
For i-th of array element center I, transmitting sound wave is when passing to the sound used in P points,
The delay of so i-th array element is,
Δti=max (t)-ti+t0 (2.12)
Wherein,
Max (t) is tiIn maximum；
t0Initial time delay in being set for delay, is a fixed constant, and it is 0 that can make it.
If P points position is (30mm, 30 °), the delay of each array element is as shown in Table 3.
When the direct wave of table three is detected, the delay of each array element
From being shown in Table three, under listed parameter system, each array element radiative acoustic wave is incident to voussoir-workpiece interface
Incidence angle changes in a smaller range, and the change of its sound transmission rate is little.
Each array element delay calculating method during focus detection after being reflected through cylindrical inner wall：
B1 defects detection model) is built, cross section is made along center probe, specific as shown in Figure 4
B2 it is origin O) to define the point intersected with pipe axle in cross section, sets up polar coordinate system.
B3) position where the aft terminal B on voussoir inclined-plane is B (RB, θB)；Position where the aft terminal A of voussoir lower surface
For A (Rout, 0), RoutEqual to pipe external diameter.
B4) calculate the position where each array element center (as step A4).
B5 the equation of incidence point position) is obtained.
Position where defining the incidence point H for the sound wave that i-th of array element is excited is H (Rout, θH), incidence angle is βi；Sound gathers
The position at focus P ' places is P ' (RP′, θP′)；Position where inside pipe wall pip F is F (Rin, θF), refraction angle is βr, Rin
For bore.
In Δ IOH,
According to sine and HI, β is obtainediFor,
In Δ FOH, calculating FH by the cosine law is,
Obtained by sine,
β is solved using Snell laws and formula (3.2)r,
Abbreviation formula (3.5) can be obtained,
In Δ FOH, calculating ∠ OFH by sine is,
In Δ FOP ', calculating ∠ P ' OF by sine is,
Combinatorial formula (3.7) and (3.8) solution formula are obtained,
In Δ FOP ', P ' F are calculated by the cosine law and obtained,
Formula (3.3) and (3.10) are substituted into (3.9) to obtain,
B6 the span of incidence point position) is obtained.
I and P is connected with straight line, the point that straight line intersects with circular arc is K, and the position where K is K (Rout, θK), θHValue model
It is trapped among θiAnd θKBetween, θ is calculated using the method in step A6K。
B7) according to the span and equation of incidence point position, using dichotomy numerical computations, incidence point position is obtained
Value.
HI, HF and P ' F can be tried to achieve by bringing incidence point positional value into formula (3.1), (3.3) and (3.10).
B8 the delay of array element) is obtained according to incidence point positional value.
For i-th of array element center I, transmitting sound wave is when passing to the sound used in P ',
The delay of so i-th array element is,
Δti'=max (t) '-ti′+t0 (3.13)
Wherein, max (t) ' is ti' in maximum.
If P ' positions are (34mm, 45 °), the delay of each array element is as shown in Table 4.
When the back wave of table three is detected, the delay of each array element
From being shown in Table four, under listed parameter system, each array element radiative acoustic wave is incident to voussoir-workpiece interface
Incidence angle changes in a smaller range, and the change of its sound transmission rate is little.
The delay that above-mentioned delay calculating method is calculated can form preferably detection acoustic beam, and energy effective detection external diameter is smaller
Transverse defect in the axle or tubular workpiece, including Small-diameter Tube Seams of (being generally less than 159mm), can be used for such work
The supplement detection of other defects in part, supplementary defect is qualitative.
Described above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, without departing from the technical principles of the invention, some improvement and deformation can also be made, these improve and deformed
Also it should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the delay calculating method of cylindrical surface workpiece phase-control focusing ultrasound detection, it is characterised in that：When being detected including direct projection
Each array element delay calculating method and each array element delay calculating method during focus detection after being reflected through cylindrical inner wall；
Each array element delay calculating method process is during the direct projection detection：
A1 defects detection model) is built, cross section is made along center probe；
A2 it is origin O) to define the point intersected with pipe axle in cross section, sets up polar coordinate system；
A3) position where the aft terminal B on voussoir inclined-plane is B (RB,θB)；Position where the aft terminal A of voussoir lower surface is A
(Rout, 0), RoutFor pipe external diameter；
A4 the position where each array element center) is calculated；
Position where defining i-th of array element center I is I (Ri,θi)；
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BI=p × (i-1)+s0
s0For the distance of B points to its nearest neighbours array element center, p is the distance between array element spacing, i.e., adjacent array element center, p=g+e,
Wherein g is array element gap size, and e is array element width；
A5) according to Snell laws, the equation of incidence point position is obtained；
Position where defining the incidence point D for the sound wave that i-th of array element is excited is D (Rout, θD)；Position where sound focusing point P
For P (RP, θP)；
On θDEquation be,
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Wherein, cwFor voussoir acoustic velocity of material, csFor the tube material velocity of sound；
A6 the span of incidence point position) is obtained；
I and P is connected with straight line, the point that straight line intersects with circular arc is E, and the position where E is E (Rout, θE), θDSpan exist
θiAnd θEBetween；
A7) according to the span and equation of incidence point position, using dichotomy numerical computations, incidence point positional value is obtained；
A8 the delay of array element) is obtained according to incidence point positional value；The delay Δ t of i-th of array elementiFor,
Δti=max (t)-ti+t0
Wherein,
For i-th of array element center I, when transmitting sound wave passes to the sound used in P points；
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Max (t) is tiIn maximum；
t0Initial time delay in being set for delay, is a fixed constant；
Each array element delay calculating method during focus detection after being reflected through cylindrical inner wall：
B1 defects detection model) is built, cross section is made along center probe；
B2 it is origin O) to define the point intersected with pipe axle in cross section, sets up polar coordinate system；
B3) position where the aft terminal B on voussoir inclined-plane is B (RB, θB)；Position where the aft terminal A of voussoir lower surface is A
(Rout, 0), RoutEqual to pipe external diameter；
B4 the position where each array element center) is calculated；
Position where defining i-th of array element center I is I (Ri, θi)；
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Wherein, the distance between AI the distance between is A points to i-th array element center I, and BI is B points to i-th array element center I；
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H0For the distance between A points to B points, α0For the inclination angle of voussoir；
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s0For the distance of B points to its nearest neighbours array element center, p is the distance between array element spacing, i.e., adjacent array element center, p=g+e,
Wherein g is array element gap size, and e is array element width；
B5) according to Snell laws and sine and cosine theorem, the equation of incidence point position is obtained；
Position where defining the incidence point H for the sound wave that i-th of array element is excited is H (Rout, θH)；The position at sound focusing point P ' places
For P ' (RP′, θP′)；Position where inside pipe wall pip F is F (Rin, θF), RinFor bore；
On θHEquation be,
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B6 the span of incidence point position) is obtained；
With straight line connection I and P ', the point that straight line intersects with circular arc is K, and the position where K is K (Rout, θK), θHSpan
In θiAnd θKBetween；
B7) according to the span and equation of incidence point position, using dichotomy numerical computations, incidence point positional value is obtained；
B8 the delay of array element) is obtained according to incidence point positional value；
The delay Δ t of i-th of array elementi' be,
Δti'=max (t) '-ti′+t0
Wherein,
For i-th of array element center I, when transmitting sound wave passes to the sound used in P '；
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Max (t) ' is ti' in maximum；
t0Initial time delay in being set for delay, is a fixed constant.
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| CN106093206A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-11-09 | 国网浙江省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of welding line ultrasonic array total focus formation method based on oblique incidence compressional wave |
| CN109975410A (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2019-07-05 | 浙江大学 | A kind of plastic pipeline hot melt banjo fixing butt jointing ultrasonic phase array detection scanning mode |
| CN110208384A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-06 | 河海大学常州校区 | A kind of workpiece surface is open the measurement method at oblique flaw height and inclination angle |
| CN110967404B (en) * | 2019-11-25 | 2022-06-28 | 苏州热工研究院有限公司 | Nuclear power station conventional island shaft forge piece phased array ultrasonic detection system and detection method |
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