WO2023274089A1 - Curved-surface sonolucent wedge design method for circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter tube - Google Patents
Curved-surface sonolucent wedge design method for circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter tube Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023274089A1 WO2023274089A1 PCT/CN2022/101288 CN2022101288W WO2023274089A1 WO 2023274089 A1 WO2023274089 A1 WO 2023274089A1 CN 2022101288 W CN2022101288 W CN 2022101288W WO 2023274089 A1 WO2023274089 A1 WO 2023274089A1
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- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 7
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- 239000006249 magnetic particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
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- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the field of non-destructive testing of thermal power plants, and in particular relates to a design method of a curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter tubes.
- Small-diameter tubes such as heating surface tubes for power plant boilers are made of steel ingots or solid tube billets through perforation to make capillary tubes, and then hot-rolled, cold-rolled or cold-drawn.
- the base metal of the small-diameter tube is generally prone to longitudinal linear defects. The existence of such defects will bring hidden dangers to the safe operation of the boiler. Cracks are easy to initiate and expand here, until the small-diameter tube on the heating surface The leak caused an unplanned outage. Longitudinal linear defects of small-diameter tubes can be detected by surface inspection methods such as eddy current, magnetic particle or infiltration in the manufacturing plant.
- the ultrasonic detector is used to excite the wafer in the ultrasonic probe to generate ultrasonic longitudinal waves, and the longitudinal waves are transformed into transverse waves by the sound-transmitting wedge at the detection interface.
- surface waves, creeping waves, etc. enter the inside of the small-diameter tube, and scan the small-diameter tube in a circumferential direction by moving the probe to complete the detection of longitudinal linear defects.
- the coupling contact of the plane sound-transmitting wedge of the ordinary probe on the outer surface of the small-diameter tube is theoretically a line, and the coupling condition is not good.
- Most of the sound beam emitted by the chip cannot enter the workpiece, and the probe touches the line.
- the randomness of the position is relatively large, and it changes with the change of detection time and detection position, and the human influence factor is also large. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a method to design the sound-transmitting wedge during the circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter pipes to improve the coupling. Conditions, change the line contact during detection to surface contact, improve the stability of detection and the accuracy of defect location.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter pipes, which can effectively avoid poor coupling and difficulty in fixing the detection position when using a plane sound-transmitting wedge to detect small-diameter pipes ,
- the problem of large human error improve the coupling conditions, change the line contact during detection to surface contact, improve the stability of detection and the accuracy of defect location.
- the design method of the curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter pipes includes the following steps:
- step 6 calculate the offset of the ultrasonic incident point of the curved sound-transmitting wedge relative to the plane sound-transmitting wedge, and complete the design of the curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small diameter pipes.
- the parameters of the ultrasonic probe body corresponding to the curved surface acoustic wedge include the side length of the square chip in the ultrasonic probe body and the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe body;
- the combination of the curved sound-transmitting wedge and the corresponding ultrasonic probe body is detachable or integrated.
- the material of the curved sound-permeable wedge is organic glass or polymer material.
- the radius of curvature of the curved sound-permeable wedge should be equal to the radius of curvature of the outer surface of the small-diameter tube to be tested.
- the vertex of the curved sound-transmitting wedge surface is located on the center line of the incident sound beam of the square chip in the ultrasonic probe body, the vertex of the curved surface is the incident point of the ultrasonic probe body, and the angle between the vertical line passing through the vertex of the curved surface and the center line of the incident sound beam is the ultrasonic probe The incident angle of the body.
- the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square chip in the ultrasonic probe body can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge, wherein the critical radius r of the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge is:
- a is the side length of the square wafer in the ultrasonic probe body, and ⁇ is the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe body sound beam;
- the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square chip in the ultrasonic probe body is completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge, otherwise, it cannot be completely covered.
- the offset of the ultrasonic incident point of the curved sound-transmitting wedge relative to the plane sound-transmitting wedge includes the horizontal offset ⁇ and the depth offset d;
- a is the side length of the square chip in the body of the ultrasonic probe
- ⁇ is the incident angle of the sound beam of the body of the ultrasonic probe
- r is the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the sound-transmitting wedge.
- the method for designing the curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter pipes is to determine whether the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square wafer in the ultrasonic probe body can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge during specific operations. And use this to calculate the offset of the ultrasonic incident point of the curved surface acoustic wedge relative to the plane acoustic wedge, so that the transmission path of the ultrasonic wave can be accurately traced during inspection, and the accuracy of defect location is improved.
- the curved surface acoustic wedge is used to replace the traditional plane Acoustic wedge, to avoid the problems of poor coupling, difficult to fix the detection position, and large human error in the detection of small-diameter pipes by using planar acoustic wedges, improve the coupling conditions, change the line contact during detection to surface contact, and further improve the detection accuracy.
- Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the present invention
- Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the detachable sound-transmitting wedge and the ultrasonic probe body 1;
- Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the integrated embedded sound-transmitting wedge and the ultrasonic probe body 1;
- Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram when the ultrasonic sound beam cannot be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2;
- Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the deviation of the ultrasonic incident point when the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 is relative to the plane sound-transmitting wedge.
- 1 is the body of the ultrasonic probe
- 2 is the curved sound-transmitting wedge
- 3 is the fastening screw
- 4 is the square chip
- 5 is the small-diameter tube to be inspected.
- the method for designing a curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes includes the following steps:
- the parameters of the ultrasonic probe body 1 corresponding to the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 include the side length of the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1 and the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe body 1;
- the combination of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 and the corresponding ultrasonic probe body 1 is a detachable or integrated embedded type, wherein, in the detachable combination, the curved-surface sound-transmitting wedge 2 and the ultrasonic probe body 1 are connected by fastening screws 3 , and apply coupling agent on the contact area of the two to form a small-diameter tube circumferential detection probe as a whole.
- Figure 3 For disassembly, refer to Figure 3.
- the material of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 is organic glass or polymer material.
- the propagation velocity of ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the organic glass is about 2700m/s, and the propagation velocity of ultrasonic longitudinal wave in polymer material is about 1400m/s.
- the radius of curvature of the curved sound-permeable wedge 2 should be equal to the radius of curvature of the outer surface of the small-diameter tube 5 to be tested.
- the apex of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 is located on the center line of the incident sound beam of the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1, and the apex of the curved surface is the incident point of the ultrasonic probe body 1, referring to point A in Fig. 4 and point A in Fig. 5 2.
- the angle between the vertical line passing through the vertex of the curved surface and the centerline of the incident sound beam is the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe body 1, from the incident angle ⁇ marked in Figs. 4 and 5.
- the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1 can be completely covered by the curved surface of the sound-permeable wedge. If the radius of the curved surface of the sound-permeable wedge cannot completely cover the ultrasonic sound beam, try to maximize the coverage area. Referring to FIG. 4 , the ultrasonic sound beam is not completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 ; referring to FIG. 5 , it is the case where the ultrasonic sound beam is completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 .
- the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square wafer 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1 can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2, wherein the critical radius r of the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 is:
- a is the side length of the square wafer 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1
- ⁇ is the incident angle of the sound beam of the ultrasonic probe body 1 .
- the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1 is completely covered by the curved surface of the curved acoustic wedge 2 , otherwise, it cannot be completely covered.
- the designed chip and incident Under the angle the parallel sound beam can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-permeable wedge 2, that is, it can be completely covered by the small-diameter tube under inspection.
- step 6 Calculate the offset of the ultrasonic incident point of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 relative to the plane sound-transmitting wedge according to the judgment result of step 6), and complete the design of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes.
- the incident point offset includes a horizontal offset ⁇ and a depth offset d.
- the incident point of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the square wafer 4 is A 1 ; when the sound-transmitting wedge is a radius When r is a curved surface, the incident point of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the square chip 4 is shifted to point A2, and the projection length of the line connecting point A1 and point A2 on the horizontal part of the bottom surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 is the horizontal deviation of the incident point.
- the displacement ⁇ , the projected length along the radial direction of the sound-transmitting wedge surface is the depth direction offset d of the incident point, which can be determined according to whether the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1 can be completely covered by the sound-transmitting wedge surface , calculated according to the formula:
- a is the side length of the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1
- ⁇ is the incident angle of the sound beam of the ultrasonic probe body 1
- r is the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the sound-transmitting wedge 2.
- the corresponding sound-transmitting wedge curvature radii r are 22.5mm, 25.5mm, and 31.75mm respectively.
- the side length a is 6 mm
- the incident angle ⁇ of the ultrasonic probe body 1 is respectively selected as 60°, 62°, and 64°, whether the horizontal offset ⁇ of the incident point, the depth offset d, and whether the ultrasonic sound beam can be sound-transparent.
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Abstract
A curved-surface sonolucent wedge design method for circumferential ultrasonic detection of a small-diameter tube. The method comprises the following steps: 1) determining a parameter of an ultrasonic probe body (1) corresponding to a curved-surface sonolucent wedge (2); 2) determining a combination manner of the curved-surface sonolucent wedge (2) and the ultrasonic probe body (1); 3) determining the material of the curved-surface sonolucent wedge (2); 4) determining the radius of curvature of the curved-surface sonolucent wedge (2); 5) determining the position of a curved-surface vertex of the curved-surface sonolucent wedge (2); 6) determining whether an ultrasonic beam, which is generated by a square wafer (4) in the ultrasonic probe body (1), can be completely covered by a curved surface of the curved-surface sonolucent wedge (2); and 7) calculating an offset of an ultrasonic incident point, which is relative to a planar sonolucent wedge, of the curved-surface sonolucent wedge (2).
Description
本发明属于火电厂无损检测领域，具体涉及一种用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法。The invention belongs to the field of non-destructive testing of thermal power plants, and in particular relates to a design method of a curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter tubes.
电站锅炉用受热面管子等小径管是用钢锭或实心管坯经穿孔制成毛管，然后经热轧、冷轧或冷拨制成。生产过程中，若质量控制不好，小径管母材一般容易产生纵向线性缺陷，此类缺陷的存在将会给锅炉的安全运行带来隐患，裂纹易在此萌生、扩展，直至受热面小径管泄漏造成非计划停运事故。小径管的纵向线性缺陷在制造厂可采用涡流、磁粉或渗透等表面检测方法进行检测，但对于在役锅炉的受热面小径管，因管排密集，管间间距较小，检测空间受限，涡流检测、磁粉或渗透检测均不便实施，存在检测盲区，易造成缺陷漏检。Small-diameter tubes such as heating surface tubes for power plant boilers are made of steel ingots or solid tube billets through perforation to make capillary tubes, and then hot-rolled, cold-rolled or cold-drawn. In the production process, if the quality control is not good, the base metal of the small-diameter tube is generally prone to longitudinal linear defects. The existence of such defects will bring hidden dangers to the safe operation of the boiler. Cracks are easy to initiate and expand here, until the small-diameter tube on the heating surface The leak caused an unplanned outage. Longitudinal linear defects of small-diameter tubes can be detected by surface inspection methods such as eddy current, magnetic particle or infiltration in the manufacturing plant. However, for small-diameter tubes on the heating surface of in-service boilers, due to dense tube rows and small spacing between tubes, the detection space is limited. Eddy current testing, magnetic particle or penetrant testing are all inconvenient to implement, and there are detection blind spots, which may easily cause defects to be missed.
目前，针对小径管的纵向线性缺陷，较普遍采用的方法是超声检测：利用超声检测仪激发超声探头中的晶片产生超声纵波，纵波通过透声楔块在检测界面发生波型转换，转换为横波、表面波、爬波等进入小径管内部，通过移动探头对小径管进行周向扫查，完成纵向线性缺陷的检测。由于小径管表面曲率较大，普通探头的平面透声楔在小径管外表面上的耦合接触理论上为一条线，耦合条件欠佳，晶片发射的声束大部分无法进入到工件，探头接触线的位置随机性较大，随检测时间、检测部位的变化而变化，人为影响因素也较大，因此有必要发明一种方法，对小径 管周向超声检测时的透声楔进行设计，改善耦合条件，将检测时的线接触改为面接触，提高检测的稳定性和缺陷定位的准确率。At present, for the longitudinal linear defects of small-diameter tubes, the more commonly used method is ultrasonic testing: the ultrasonic detector is used to excite the wafer in the ultrasonic probe to generate ultrasonic longitudinal waves, and the longitudinal waves are transformed into transverse waves by the sound-transmitting wedge at the detection interface. , surface waves, creeping waves, etc. enter the inside of the small-diameter tube, and scan the small-diameter tube in a circumferential direction by moving the probe to complete the detection of longitudinal linear defects. Due to the large surface curvature of the small-diameter tube, the coupling contact of the plane sound-transmitting wedge of the ordinary probe on the outer surface of the small-diameter tube is theoretically a line, and the coupling condition is not good. Most of the sound beam emitted by the chip cannot enter the workpiece, and the probe touches the line. The randomness of the position is relatively large, and it changes with the change of detection time and detection position, and the human influence factor is also large. Therefore, it is necessary to invent a method to design the sound-transmitting wedge during the circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter pipes to improve the coupling. Conditions, change the line contact during detection to surface contact, improve the stability of detection and the accuracy of defect location.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于提供了一种用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法，该方法可以有效避免利用平面透声楔在检测小径管时存在的耦合欠佳、检测位置难以固定、人为误差大的问题，改善耦合条件，将检测时的线接触改为面接触，提高检测的稳定性和缺陷定位的准确率。The object of the present invention is to provide a method for designing a curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter pipes, which can effectively avoid poor coupling and difficulty in fixing the detection position when using a plane sound-transmitting wedge to detect small-diameter pipes , The problem of large human error, improve the coupling conditions, change the line contact during detection to surface contact, improve the stability of detection and the accuracy of defect location.
为达到上述目的，本发明所述的用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above purpose, the design method of the curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter pipes according to the present invention includes the following steps:
1)确定曲面透声楔所对应超声波探头本体的参数；1) Determine the parameters of the ultrasonic probe body corresponding to the curved sound-transmitting wedge;
2)确定曲面透声楔与超声波探头本体的组合方式；2) Determine the combination mode of the curved surface sound-transmitting wedge and the body of the ultrasonic probe;
3)确定曲面透声楔的材料；3) Determine the material of the curved surface acoustic wedge;
4)确定曲面透声楔的曲面半径；4) Determine the curved surface radius of the curved sound-permeable wedge;
5)确定曲面透声楔曲面顶点的位置；5) Determine the position of the apex of the curved surface of the sound-permeable wedge;
6)判断超声波探头本体中方形晶片产生的超声波声束是否能够完全被曲面透声楔的曲面覆盖；6) Judging whether the ultrasonic sound beam produced by the square chip in the ultrasonic probe body can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-permeable wedge;
7)根据步骤6)的判断结果计算曲面透声楔相对于平面透声楔的超声波入射点的偏移量，完成用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计。7) According to the judgment result of step 6), calculate the offset of the ultrasonic incident point of the curved sound-transmitting wedge relative to the plane sound-transmitting wedge, and complete the design of the curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small diameter pipes.
曲面透声楔所对应超声波探头本体的参数包括超声波探头本体中方形晶片的边长及超声波探头本体的入射角度；The parameters of the ultrasonic probe body corresponding to the curved surface acoustic wedge include the side length of the square chip in the ultrasonic probe body and the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe body;
曲面透声楔与所对应的超声波探头本体的组合方式为可拆卸式或一体内嵌式。The combination of the curved sound-transmitting wedge and the corresponding ultrasonic probe body is detachable or integrated.
曲面透声楔的材料为机玻璃或高分子材料。The material of the curved sound-permeable wedge is organic glass or polymer material.
曲面透声楔的曲率半径应等于待检小径管外表面的曲率半径。The radius of curvature of the curved sound-permeable wedge should be equal to the radius of curvature of the outer surface of the small-diameter tube to be tested.
曲面透声楔曲面的顶点位于超声波探头本体中方形晶片入射声束的中心线上，曲面顶点为超声波探头本体的入射点，过曲面顶点的垂线与入射声束中心线的夹角为超声波探头本体的入射角。The vertex of the curved sound-transmitting wedge surface is located on the center line of the incident sound beam of the square chip in the ultrasonic probe body, the vertex of the curved surface is the incident point of the ultrasonic probe body, and the angle between the vertical line passing through the vertex of the curved surface and the center line of the incident sound beam is the ultrasonic probe The incident angle of the body.
超声波探头本体中方形晶片产生的超声波声束能够完全被曲面透声楔的曲面覆盖，其中，曲面透声楔曲面的临界半径r
临为：
The ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square chip in the ultrasonic probe body can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge, wherein the critical radius r of the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge is:
其中，a为超声波探头本体中方形晶片的边长，α为超声波探头本体声束的入射角；Wherein, a is the side length of the square wafer in the ultrasonic probe body, and α is the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe body sound beam;
当曲面透声楔的曲率半径r≥r
临时，则超声波探头本体中方形晶片产生的超声波声束完全被曲面透声楔的曲面覆盖，否则，则不能被完全覆盖。
When the radius of curvature of the curved sound-transmitting wedge r≥r , the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square chip in the ultrasonic probe body is completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge, otherwise, it cannot be completely covered.
曲面透声楔相对于平面透声楔的超声波入射点的偏移量包括水平方向偏移量δ及深度方向偏移量d；The offset of the ultrasonic incident point of the curved sound-transmitting wedge relative to the plane sound-transmitting wedge includes the horizontal offset δ and the depth offset d;
其中，当超声波声束能够完全被曲面透声楔的曲面覆盖时，则有Among them, when the ultrasonic sound beam can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-permeable wedge, then there is
d＝δ·cot(α) (3)d=δ·cot(α) (3)
当超声波声束无法完全被曲面透声楔的曲面覆盖时，则有：When the ultrasonic sound beam cannot be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-permeable wedge, then:
δ＝d·tan(α) (5)δ＝d·tan(α) (5)
其中，a为超声波探头本体中方形晶片的边长，α为超声波探头本体声束的入射角，r为曲面透声楔曲面的曲率半径。Wherein, a is the side length of the square chip in the body of the ultrasonic probe, α is the incident angle of the sound beam of the body of the ultrasonic probe, and r is the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the sound-transmitting wedge.
本发明具有以下有益效果：The present invention has the following beneficial effects:
本发明所述的用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法在具体操作时，通过判断超声波探头本体中方形晶片产生的超声波声束是否能够完全被曲面透声楔的曲面覆盖，并以此计算曲面透声楔相对于平面透声楔的超声波入射点的偏移量，检测时可精确追溯超声波的传输路径，提高缺陷定位的准确率，同时利用曲面透声楔替代传统的平面透声楔，避免利用平面透声楔在检测小径管时存在的耦合欠佳、检测位置难以固定、人为误差大的问题，改善耦合条件，将检测时的线接触改为面接触，进一步提高检测的准确性。The method for designing the curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter pipes according to the present invention is to determine whether the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square wafer in the ultrasonic probe body can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge during specific operations. And use this to calculate the offset of the ultrasonic incident point of the curved surface acoustic wedge relative to the plane acoustic wedge, so that the transmission path of the ultrasonic wave can be accurately traced during inspection, and the accuracy of defect location is improved. At the same time, the curved surface acoustic wedge is used to replace the traditional plane Acoustic wedge, to avoid the problems of poor coupling, difficult to fix the detection position, and large human error in the detection of small-diameter pipes by using planar acoustic wedges, improve the coupling conditions, change the line contact during detection to surface contact, and further improve the detection accuracy.
图1为本发明的流程图；Fig. 1 is a flowchart of the present invention;
图2为可拆卸式透声楔与超声波探头本体1的组合方式示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the detachable sound-transmitting wedge and the ultrasonic probe body 1;
图3为一体嵌入式透声楔与超声波探头本体1的组合方式示意图；Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the combination of the integrated embedded sound-transmitting wedge and the ultrasonic probe body 1;
图4为超声波声束无法完全被曲面透声楔2的曲面覆盖时的示意图；Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram when the ultrasonic sound beam cannot be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2;
图5为曲面透声楔2相对于平面透声楔时超声波入射点的偏移示意图。Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the deviation of the ultrasonic incident point when the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 is relative to the plane sound-transmitting wedge.
其中，1为超声波探头本体、2为曲面透声楔、3为紧固螺钉、4为方形晶片、5为待检小径管。Among them, 1 is the body of the ultrasonic probe, 2 is the curved sound-transmitting wedge, 3 is the fastening screw, 4 is the square chip, and 5 is the small-diameter tube to be inspected.
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细描述：The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
参考图1，本发明所述的用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法包括以下步骤：Referring to Fig. 1, the method for designing a curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes according to the present invention includes the following steps:
1)确定曲面透声楔2所对应超声波探头本体1的参数；1) Determine the parameters of the ultrasonic probe body 1 corresponding to the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2;
曲面透声楔2所对应超声波探头本体1的参数包括超声波探头本体1中方形晶片4的边长及超声波探头本体1的入射角度；The parameters of the ultrasonic probe body 1 corresponding to the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 include the side length of the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1 and the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe body 1;
2)确定曲面透声楔2与超声波探头本体1的组合方式；2) Determine the combination mode of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 and the ultrasonic probe body 1;
曲面透声楔2与所对应的超声波探头本体1的组合方式为可拆卸式或一体内嵌式，其中，可拆卸式组合方式中曲面透声楔2与超声波探头本体1通过紧固螺钉3连接，并在两者接触区域涂抹耦合剂，整体组成小径管周向检测探头，参考图2；一体内嵌式组合方式中曲面透声楔2与超声波探头本体1整体封装至探头保护壳中，不可拆卸，参考图3所示。The combination of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 and the corresponding ultrasonic probe body 1 is a detachable or integrated embedded type, wherein, in the detachable combination, the curved-surface sound-transmitting wedge 2 and the ultrasonic probe body 1 are connected by fastening screws 3 , and apply coupling agent on the contact area of the two to form a small-diameter tube circumferential detection probe as a whole. For disassembly, refer to Figure 3.
3)确定曲面透声楔2的材料；3) Determine the material of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2;
曲面透声楔2的材料为机玻璃或高分子材料，所述有机玻璃中超声纵波的传播速度约为2700m/s，高分子材料中超声纵波的传播速度约为1400m/s。The material of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 is organic glass or polymer material. The propagation velocity of ultrasonic longitudinal wave in the organic glass is about 2700m/s, and the propagation velocity of ultrasonic longitudinal wave in polymer material is about 1400m/s.
4)确定曲面透声楔2的曲面半径；4) Determine the curved surface radius of the curved surface sound-transmitting wedge 2;
曲面透声楔2的曲率半径应等于待检小径管5外表面的曲率半径。The radius of curvature of the curved sound-permeable wedge 2 should be equal to the radius of curvature of the outer surface of the small-diameter tube 5 to be tested.
5)确定曲面透声楔2曲面顶点的位置；5) Determine the position of the vertex of the curved surface sound-transmitting wedge 2;
曲面透声楔2曲面的顶点位于超声波探头本体1中方形晶片4入射声束的中心线上，曲面顶点为超声波探头本体1的入射点，参考图4中的点A，图5中的点A
2，过曲面顶点的垂线与入射声束中心线的夹角为 超声波探头本体1的入射角，从参考图4及5中标识的入射角α。
The apex of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 is located on the center line of the incident sound beam of the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1, and the apex of the curved surface is the incident point of the ultrasonic probe body 1, referring to point A in Fig. 4 and point A in Fig. 5 2. The angle between the vertical line passing through the vertex of the curved surface and the centerline of the incident sound beam is the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe body 1, from the incident angle α marked in Figs. 4 and 5.
6)判断超声波探头本体1中方形晶片4产生的超声波声束是否能够完全被曲面透声楔2的曲面覆盖；6) judging whether the ultrasonic sound beam produced by the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1 can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2;
尽量保证超声波探头本体1中方形晶片4产生的超声波声束能够完全被透声楔曲面覆盖，如因透曲面声楔的曲面半径较小无法完全覆盖超声波声束，应尽量将覆盖区域最大化。参考图4，为超声波声束未完全被曲面透声楔2的曲面覆盖；参考图5，为超声波声束完全被曲面透声楔2曲面覆盖的情况。Try to ensure that the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1 can be completely covered by the curved surface of the sound-permeable wedge. If the radius of the curved surface of the sound-permeable wedge cannot completely cover the ultrasonic sound beam, try to maximize the coverage area. Referring to FIG. 4 , the ultrasonic sound beam is not completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 ; referring to FIG. 5 , it is the case where the ultrasonic sound beam is completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 .
超声波探头本体1中方形晶片4产生的超声波声束能够完全被曲面透声楔2曲面覆盖，其中，曲面透声楔2曲面的临界半径r
临为：
The ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square wafer 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1 can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2, wherein the critical radius r of the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 is:
其中，a为超声波探头本体1中方形晶片4的边长，α为超声波探头本体1声束的入射角。Wherein, a is the side length of the square wafer 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1 , and α is the incident angle of the sound beam of the ultrasonic probe body 1 .
当曲面透声楔2的曲率半径r≥r
临时，则超声波探头本体1中方形晶片4产生的超声波声束完全被曲面透声楔2的曲面覆盖，否则，则不能被完全覆盖。
When the radius of curvature of the curved acoustic wedge 2 is r≥r , the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1 is completely covered by the curved surface of the curved acoustic wedge 2 , otherwise, it cannot be completely covered.
例如：当晶片的边长a＝6mm，超声波探头本体1声束的入射角α＝64°时，可计算得r
临＝29.64mm，即曲面半径大于等于29.64mm时，在设计的晶片和入射角度下，平行声束能够完全被曲面透声楔2的曲面覆盖，即能够完全被受检小径管覆盖。
For example: when the side length a of the chip is a=6mm, and the incident angle of the sound beam of the ultrasonic probe body 1 is α=64°, it can be calculated that r= 29.64mm , that is, when the radius of the curved surface is greater than or equal to 29.64mm, the designed chip and incident Under the angle, the parallel sound beam can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-permeable wedge 2, that is, it can be completely covered by the small-diameter tube under inspection.
7)根据步骤6)的判断结果计算曲面透声楔2相对于平面透声楔的超声波入射点的偏移量，完成用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔2 设计。7) Calculate the offset of the ultrasonic incident point of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 relative to the plane sound-transmitting wedge according to the judgment result of step 6), and complete the design of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes.
入射点偏移量包括水平方向偏移量δ和深度方向偏移量d，参考图5，当透声楔为平面时，方形晶片4发射的超声波入射点为A
1；当透声楔为半径为r的曲面时，方形晶片4发射的超声波入射点偏移至点A
2，点A
1与点A
2的连线在曲面透声楔2底面水平部位的投影长度即为入射点水平方向偏移量δ，沿透声楔曲面径向的投影长度即为入射点深度方向偏移量d，具体可根据超声波探头本体1中方形晶片4产生的超声波声束能否完全被透声楔曲面覆盖，按下式进行计算：
The incident point offset includes a horizontal offset δ and a depth offset d. Referring to Fig. 5, when the sound-transmitting wedge is a plane, the incident point of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the square wafer 4 is A 1 ; when the sound-transmitting wedge is a radius When r is a curved surface, the incident point of the ultrasonic waves emitted by the square chip 4 is shifted to point A2, and the projection length of the line connecting point A1 and point A2 on the horizontal part of the bottom surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge 2 is the horizontal deviation of the incident point. The displacement δ, the projected length along the radial direction of the sound-transmitting wedge surface is the depth direction offset d of the incident point, which can be determined according to whether the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1 can be completely covered by the sound-transmitting wedge surface , calculated according to the formula:
当超声波声束能够完全被透声楔曲面覆盖时，则有：When the ultrasonic sound beam can be completely covered by the sound-permeable wedge surface, then:
d＝δ·cot(α) (3)d=δ·cot(α) (3)
当超声波声束无法完全被透声楔曲面覆盖时，则有：When the ultrasonic sound beam cannot be completely covered by the sound-permeable wedge surface, there are:
δ＝d·tan(α) (5)δ＝d·tan(α) (5)
其中，a为超声波探头本体1中方形晶片4的边长，α为超声波探头本体1声束的入射角，r为曲面透声楔2曲面的曲率半径。Wherein, a is the side length of the square chip 4 in the ultrasonic probe body 1, α is the incident angle of the sound beam of the ultrasonic probe body 1, and r is the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the sound-transmitting wedge 2.
例如：选取Φ45mm、Φ51mm和Φ63.5mm这3种典型规格的受热面小径管，则对应的透声楔曲率半径r分别为22.5mm、25.5mm和31.75mm，超声波探头本体1中方形晶片4的边长a为6mm，超声波探头本体1的入射角度α分别选择60°、62°、64°时，入射点水平方向偏移量δ、深度方向偏移量d以及超声波声束是否能被透声楔曲面完全覆盖 的计算结果如表1所示。For example, if three typical specifications of small-diameter tubes on the heating surface of Φ45mm, Φ51mm, and Φ63.5mm are selected, the corresponding sound-transmitting wedge curvature radii r are 22.5mm, 25.5mm, and 31.75mm respectively. When the side length a is 6 mm, and the incident angle α of the ultrasonic probe body 1 is respectively selected as 60°, 62°, and 64°, whether the horizontal offset δ of the incident point, the depth offset d, and whether the ultrasonic sound beam can be sound-transparent The calculation results of the complete coverage of the wedge surface are shown in Table 1.
表1Table 1
Claims (8)
- 一种用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：A method for designing a curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes, comprising the following steps:1)确定曲面透声楔(2)所对应超声波探头本体(1)的参数；1) Determine the parameters of the ultrasonic probe body (1) corresponding to the curved surface sound-transmitting wedge (2);2)确定曲面透声楔(2)与超声波探头本体(1)的组合方式；2) Determine the combination of the curved surface sound-transmitting wedge (2) and the ultrasonic probe body (1);3)确定曲面透声楔(2)的材料；3) Determine the material of the curved sound-permeable wedge (2);4)确定曲面透声楔(2)的曲面半径；4) determine the curved surface radius of the curved sound-transmitting wedge (2);5)确定曲面透声楔(2)曲面顶点的位置；5) Determine the position of the curved surface apex of the curved surface sound-transmitting wedge (2);6)判断超声波探头本体(1)中方形晶片(4)产生的超声波声束是否能够完全被曲面透声楔(2)的曲面覆盖；6) judging whether the ultrasonic sound beam produced by the square wafer (4) in the ultrasonic probe body (1) can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge (2);7)根据步骤6)的判断结果计算曲面透声楔(2)相对于平面透声楔的超声波入射点的偏移量，完成用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔(2)设计。7) According to the judgment result of step 6), calculate the offset of the ultrasonic incident point of the curved sound-transmitting wedge (2) relative to the plane sound-transmitting wedge, and complete the design of the curved surface sound-transmitting wedge (2) for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes .
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法，其特征在于，曲面透声楔(2)所对应超声波探头本体(1)的参数包括超声波探头本体(1)中方形晶片(4)的边长及超声波探头本体(1)的入射角度。The method for designing a curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes according to claim 1, wherein the parameters of the ultrasonic probe body (1) corresponding to the curved surface sound-transmitting wedge (2) include the ultrasonic probe body (1 ) in the side length of the square wafer (4) and the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe body (1).
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法，其特征在于，曲面透声楔(2)与所对应的超声波探头本体(1)的组合方式为可拆卸式或一体内嵌式。According to claim 1, the design method of the curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes is characterized in that the combination of the curved surface sound-transmitting wedge (2) and the corresponding ultrasonic probe body (1) is detachable type or integrated built-in type.
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法，其特征在于，曲面透声楔(2)的材料为机玻璃或高分子材料。The method for designing a curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes according to claim 1, characterized in that the material of the curved sound-transmitting wedge (2) is machine glass or polymer material.
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法，其特征在于，曲面透声楔(2)的曲率半径应等于待检小径管(5) 外表面的曲率半径。According to claim 1, the method for designing curved sound-transmitting wedges for circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter pipes is characterized in that the radius of curvature of the curved-surface sound-transmitting wedges (2) should be equal to the curvature of the outer surface of the small-diameter pipe (5) to be inspected radius.
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法，其特征在于，曲面透声楔(2)曲面的顶点位于超声波探头本体(1)中方形晶片(4)入射声束的中心线上，曲面顶点为超声波探头本体(1)的入射点，过曲面顶点的垂线与入射声束中心线的夹角为超声波探头本体(1)的入射角。According to claim 1, the method for designing a curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes is characterized in that the apex of the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge (2) is located in the square wafer (4) in the ultrasonic probe body (1) On the center line of the incident sound beam, the apex of the curved surface is the incident point of the ultrasonic probe body (1), and the angle between the vertical line passing through the apex of the curved surface and the center line of the incident sound beam is the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe body (1).
- 根据权利要求1所述的用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法，其特征在于，超声波探头本体(1)中方形晶片(4)产生的超声波声束能够完全被曲面透声楔(2)的曲面覆盖，其中，曲面透声楔(2)曲面的临界半径r 临为： According to claim 1, the method for designing a curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes is characterized in that the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square chip (4) in the ultrasonic probe body (1) can be completely sound-transmitted by the curved surface The surface coverage of the wedge (2), where the critical radius r of the curved surface of the sound-permeable wedge (2) is:
其中，a为超声波探头本体(1)中方形晶片(4)的边长，α为超声波探头本体(1)声束的入射角；Wherein, a is the side length of the square wafer (4) in the ultrasonic probe body (1), and α is the incident angle of the ultrasonic probe body (1) sound beam;当曲面透声楔(2)的曲率半径r≥r 临时，则超声波探头本体(1)中方形晶片(4)产生的超声波声束完全被曲面透声楔(2)的曲面覆盖，否则，则不能被完全覆盖。 When the radius of curvature r≥r of the curved sound-transmitting wedge (2), the ultrasonic sound beam generated by the square chip (4) in the ultrasonic probe body (1) is completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge (2), otherwise, cannot be completely covered. - 根据权利要求1所述的用于小径管周向超声检测的曲面透声楔设计方法，其特征在于，曲面透声楔(2)相对于平面透声楔的超声波入射点的偏移量包括水平方向偏移量δ及深度方向偏移量d；According to claim 1, the method for designing a curved sound-transmitting wedge for circumferential ultrasonic testing of small-diameter pipes is characterized in that the offset of the curved-surface sound-transmitting wedge (2) relative to the ultrasonic incident point of the plane sound-transmitting wedge includes a horizontal Directional offset δ and depth offset d;其中，当超声波声束能够完全被曲面透声楔(2)的曲面覆盖时，则有Wherein, when the ultrasonic sound beam can be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-permeable wedge (2), then there is
d＝δ·cot(α) (3)d＝δ·cot(α) (3)当超声波声束无法完全被曲面透声楔(2)的曲面覆盖时，则有：When the ultrasonic sound beam cannot be completely covered by the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge (2), then:
δ＝d·tan(α) (5)δ＝d·tan(α) (5)其中，a为超声波探头本体(1)中方形晶片(4)的边长，α为超声波探头本体(1)声束的入射角，r为曲面透声楔(2)曲面的曲率半径。Wherein, a is the side length of the square wafer (4) in the ultrasonic probe body (1), α is the incident angle of the sound beam of the ultrasonic probe body (1), and r is the radius of curvature of the curved surface of the curved sound-transmitting wedge (2).
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| CN101598705A (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2009-12-09 | 河北省电力研究院 | A kind of special ultrasonic flaw detection angle probe |
| CN105203635A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2015-12-30 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Surface wave detection method for longitudinal defect on outer surface of small-diameter tube |
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| CN208833712U (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-05-07 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Low-temperature reheater inside pipe wall etch pit ultrasound detection curved surface angle probe |
| CN113406213A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-17 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Curved surface sound-transmitting wedge design method for circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter pipe |
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| CN102507737A (en) * | 2011-09-30 | 2012-06-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction method by cylinder focusing wedge |
| CN105181799B (en) * | 2015-08-13 | 2018-02-13 | 河海大学常州校区 | The transverse defect detection means and method of Cylinder Surface workpiece |
| CN205049526U (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2016-02-24 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | A ultrasonic probe for vertical defect detecting of path tube -surface |
| CN113884035A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2022-01-04 | 中国航发动力股份有限公司 | Ultrasonic detection system and detection method for thick-wall pipe |
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| CN101598705A (en) * | 2009-07-28 | 2009-12-09 | 河北省电力研究院 | A kind of special ultrasonic flaw detection angle probe |
| CN105203635A (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2015-12-30 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Surface wave detection method for longitudinal defect on outer surface of small-diameter tube |
| CN109239190A (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-01-18 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Low-temperature reheater inside pipe wall etch pit ultrasound detection curved surface angle probe and detection method |
| CN208833712U (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2019-05-07 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Low-temperature reheater inside pipe wall etch pit ultrasound detection curved surface angle probe |
| CN113406213A (en) * | 2021-06-29 | 2021-09-17 | 西安热工研究院有限公司 | Curved surface sound-transmitting wedge design method for circumferential ultrasonic detection of small-diameter pipe |
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| CN113406213B (en) | 2022-11-29 |
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