CN105239677A - Concrete overwintering heat insulation method in cold regions - Google Patents

Concrete overwintering heat insulation method in cold regions Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105239677A
CN105239677A CN201510708301.4A CN201510708301A CN105239677A CN 105239677 A CN105239677 A CN 105239677A CN 201510708301 A CN201510708301 A CN 201510708301A CN 105239677 A CN105239677 A CN 105239677A
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China
Prior art keywords
concrete
heat
heat insulation
winter
snow
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CN201510708301.4A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张国新
李松辉
刘毅
张龑
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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research
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Priority to CN201510708301.4A priority Critical patent/CN105239677A/en
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/244—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation using natural or recycled building materials, e.g. straw, wool, clay or used tires

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Abstract

The invention provides a concrete overwintering heat insulation method in cold regions. The heat insulation is performed in a way of using double heat insulation layers on a concrete cabin surface, wherein one heat insulation layer is made of an artificial heat insulation material, and the other heat insulation layer is made of snow or soil. Concretely, the artificial heat insulation material with a certain thickness covers the concrete cabin surface; and then, a snow layer with a certain thickness covers the surface of a heat insulation quilt, or a soil burying layer with a certain thickness covers the concrete cabin surface, and next, the artificial heat insulation material with a certain thickness covers the surface of the soil burying layer. The method has the advantages that on the basis of the heat insulation material coverage in the prior art, a measure of covering the snow layer or the soil burying layer is combined, so that the heat insulation effect of the snow or the soil is achieved; the consumption of the heat insulation material is reduced; the goal of reducing the manufacturing cost of engineering materials is achieved; the artificial snow-making or soil filling covering cost is low; and by combining the two measures, the concrete heat insulation cost in the cold regions is effectively reduced.

Description

The heat preserving method that cold district concrete is survived the winter
Technical field
The present invention relates to Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, nuclear power engineering and port works technical field, particularly relate to cold district concrete and to survive the winter artificial snow heat preserving method.
Background technology
China belongs to cold district (North China, southern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau area) from dimension 30 °, and more than 40 ° belong to severe cold area (comprising the Northeast, the Northwest, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang region, In North Area of Qinghai-xizang Plateau).Dimension often improves 1 degree, and average temperature of the whole year reduces by 0.7 DEG C, and the lowest temperature of High aititude cold district can reach-50 DEG C of degree left and right.Extremely frigid zones is often stopped work winter, and face, newly placed concrete storehouse needs insulation to survive the winter, and the especially new lift surface downtime in winter faces and prevents early concrete from being frozen, controls the problem such as the temperature difference, crackle preventing.Current concrete heat-insulating insulation quilt (or heat insulation formwork, polystyrol plastic foam plate etc.) protecting bin face, saves the heat comprised during concreting and the heat of hydration, maintains desired thickness.But when China's cold district concrete is survived the winter, the insulation quilt number of plies reaches 15 ~ 20 layers, and severe cold area is along with the increase of insulation quilt thickness requirements, construction costs raises, and causes ample resources to waste.Therefore, need to find a kind of heat preserving method effectively making cold district concrete survive the winter, the method can not only prevent concrete storehouse surface from being frozen, and produce crack, make concrete keep temperature constant, and cost reduces, and economizes on resources.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of cold district concrete to survive the winter artificial snow heat preserving method, heat insulating material combines with snow deposit or fill stratum by the method, not only high insulating effect, and greatly reduces costs.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides the heat preserving method that a kind of cold district concrete is survived the winter, take the mode of two insulation layer to be incubated at concrete storehouse surface, wherein an insulation layer is artificial heat insulating material, and another insulation layer is snow deposit or buries soil layer.
Be in particular, cover certain thickness artificial heat insulation material at concrete storehouse surface, then cover certain thickness snow deposit at artificial heat insulation material surface.
Be in particular, cover at concrete storehouse surface and certain thicknessly bury soil layer, then burying the certain thickness artificial heat insulation material of soil layer surface coverage.
Further, described artificial heat insulation material is insulation quilt or polystyrol plastic foam plate.
Particularly, after concrete storehouse surface adds a cover heat insulating material, the heat emission factor between concrete storehouse surface and insulation layer is:
β = 1 1 / β 0 + Σh i / λ i k 1 k 2
Wherein λ ifor heat insulating material coefficient of thermal conductivity kJ/ (mh DEG C), the coefficient of thermal conductivity of various heat insulating material is in table 1; β 0for the heat emission factor between insulation layer external surface and air, kJ/ (m 2h DEG C); h ifor insulation layer thickness, m; k 1for wind speed correction factor; k 2for moist extent correction coefficient, moist material gets 3 ~ 5.
Further, every layer thickness of described artificial heat insulation material is by formula:
h＝Rλ
Calculate, wherein: R is the thermal resistance of heat insulating material, λ is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of insulation layer, β s=1/R s, R s = 1 β + h λ .
Further, described snow deposit or bury the thickness of the layer by formula:
h a = λ ( 1 β a - 1 β s )
Calculate, wherein β afor snow deposit or the heat emission factor burying soil.
Further, described snow is obtained by artificial snow or natural snowfall.
Further, described snowmaking method is: first by ice maker, water is made flake ice, then by deicing, the flake ice made is ground into powder, finally, by pulverous ice crystal is sent by air conveying system.
Further, described snowmaking method is: the water under high pressure from high-pressure hydraulic pump mixes at double feed inlet nozzle place with the pressure-air from air compressor.The volume expansion after natural evaporation and air delivery nozzle is utilized to take away heat and make droplet condense into ice crystal.
In natural environment, snow (or soil) has good heat insulation effect, and under winter temperature-20 DEG C of conditions, 40cm snow deposit temperature of lower can remain on about 0 degree.Therefore snowmaking mode can be utilized to form certain thickness snow on insulation quilt surface, or by carrying out burying soil at concrete storehouse surface, and in conjunction with different-thickness insulation quilt, form the protection to face, storehouse, reach the object of insulation.
The present invention utilizes snowmaking mode to form certain thickness snow on insulation quilt surface, or by carrying out burying soil at concrete storehouse surface, in conjunction with different-thickness insulation quilt, forms the protection to face, storehouse, reaches the object of insulation of surviving the winter.
1) insulation thickness and the insulation quilt number of plies
Calculation interval should be determined according to the cycle calculating temperature Change in skin temperature field, and desirable 0.5 ~ 1.0 month of climate simulation period calculated, and time-histories answers more than 1 year; There's a sudden fall in temperature, period desirable 0.5 ~ 1.0d, calculates the time-histories overall process that is that once there's a sudden fall in temperature.
In the exposed situation in face, storehouse, concrete storehouse surface heat emission factor β can be expressed as:
β i＝23.9+14.5ν a(1)
Wherein ν afor wind speed, m/s.
After concrete storehouse surface adds a cover heat insulating material, the heat emission factor between concrete storehouse surface and insulation layer is:
β = 1 1 / β 0 + Σh i / λ i k 1 k 2 - - - ( 2 )
Wherein λ ifor heat insulating material coefficient of thermal conductivity kJ/ (mh DEG C), the coefficient of thermal conductivity of various heat insulating material is in table 1; β 0for the heat emission factor between insulation layer external surface and air, kJ/ (m 2h DEG C); h ifor insulation layer thickness, m; k 1for wind speed correction factor, in table 2; k 2for moist extent correction coefficient, moist material gets 3 ~ 5, and dry substance gets 1.
The coefficient of thermal conductivity λ of the various heat insulating material of table 1
Title material λ Title material λ
Foamed plastics 0.1256 Expanded perlite 0.1675
Blanket of glass wool 0.1674 Pitch 0.938
Plank 0.837 Dry cotton-wool 0.1549
Wood chip 0.628 Asphaltic felt 0.167
Straw or straw seat 0.502 Dry sand 1.172
Slag 1.674 Damp sand 4.06
Cane fiber board 0.167 Mineral wool 0.209
Asbestos felt 0.419 Fiber crops felt 0.188
Foam concrete 0.377 Common cardboard 0.628
Table 2k 1wind speed correction factor
The ventilative property of insulation layer Wind speed < 4m/s Wind speed > 4m/s
Easy ventilative insulation layer (straw sawdust etc.) does not add interlayer 2.6 3.0
Outside adds stuffy interlayer 1.6 1.9
Inner face adds stuffy interlayer 2.0 2.3
Interior additional stuffy interlayer 1.3 1.5
Stuffy insulation layer 1.3 1.5
Face, known storehouse heat emission factor, can try to achieve according to the coefficient of thermal conductivity of heat insulating material and need insulation thickness.When the attached template of concrete storehouse surface or insulation layer, be located at concrete storehouse surface outward with some insulation layers, the thickness of every layer of heat insulating material is
h＝Rλ i(3)
Wherein R is the thermal resistance of heat insulating material.
Thermal resistance between outermost insulation layer and air is 1/ β 0, so the entire thermal resistance of some insulation layers can be calculated as follows
R s = 1 &beta; 0 + h &lambda; i - - - ( 4 )
The hot melt of usual insulation layer own is very little, can ignore.Therefore overburden cover can be expressed as
h = &lambda; i ( 1 &beta; s - 1 &beta; 0 ) - - - ( 5 )
Wherein β s=1/R s, for concrete storehouse surface is by insulation layer medium heat release towards periphery equivalence heat emission factor.β susual employing simulation calculation form realizes, and meets cracking resistance, shear strength coefficient for ensureing with concrete storehouse surface tensile stress.
The insulation quilt number of plies can be calculated by h.
2) artificial snow thickness is determined: when there being Optimum Economic benefit insulation quilt thickness, can calculate " deficiency " thickness (namely needing the parameters such as the extra insulation thickness added) further.
Adopting artificial snow or burying native insulation situation and insulation quilt is incubated when combining, and can calculate the equivalent heat emission factor of insulation layer medium heat release towards periphery according to adding a cover insulation quilt thickness is
&beta; s = 1 R s = 1 1 &beta; 0 + h &lambda; i - - - ( 6 )
Snow deposit or bury soil thickness and can calculate according to following formula
h a = &lambda; i ( 1 &beta; a - 1 &beta; s ) - - - ( 7 )
Wherein β afor snow deposit or the heat emission factor burying soil.
3) artificial snow-making choose opportunities: according to calculating, determine:
1. under Current Temperatures, the minimum temperature that face, storehouse can be born.
The outside air temperature that will reach when 2. carrying out artificial snowing or bury soil.
Concrete storehouse surface temperature can be expressed as
T s＝T a+c(T p-T a)+T 1r(8)
Wherein, T afor outside air temperature; T pfor temperature of concrete during construction; T 1rfor temperature T a=0, concrete initial temperature T 0=0, thermal insulation warming is θ (τ), when surface heat transfer coefficient is β, and τ=τ rtime surface temperature; C is T a=0, T 0=1.0 (unit initial temperature differences), θ (τ)=0, τ=τ rtime surface temperature.
When concrete storehouse surface temperature specifications is in certain limit, increase artificial snow or the outside air temperature that buries native isothermal holding can be expressed as
T a＝(T s-T 1r–cT p)/c(9)
4) control of artificial snow heat insulation effect: artificial snow scene can insulation thickness as required, selects the granular size of different ice pellets, to reach different compactness to realize insulation in various degree.
5) snowmaking method:
Artificial snow-making form common at present has two kinds:
The first is that ice maker produces flake ice, is then raw material artificial snow-making with flake ice.Its workflow first by ice maker, water is made flake ice, then by deicing, the flake ice made is ground into powder, finally, by pulverous ice crystal is sent by air conveying system.
Another kind adopts traditional water under high pressure to mix artificial snow-making with air.Its workflow is, the water under high pressure from high-pressure hydraulic pump mixes at double feed inlet nozzle place with the pressure-air from air compressor.The volume expansion after natural evaporation and air delivery nozzle is utilized to take away heat and make droplet condense into ice crystal.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The invention provides the heat preserving method that a kind of cold district concrete is survived the winter, the method is on the basis of existing covering insulation material, in conjunction with covering snow deposit or burying soil layer, thus play the heat insulation effect of snow or soil, reduce the consumption of heat insulating material, reduce the cost of engineering material, artificial snow or banket cover cost low, the two combines, and effectively reduces the concrete insulation cost in cold district, and cost reduces about 30%; The method affects less by temperature in addition, therefore can resist extremely low outside air temperature.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the snow deposit covering and heat insulating design sketch using one embodiment of the invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail; but should be noted that; these embodiments are not limitation of the present invention; those of ordinary skill in the art are according to these embodiment institute work energy, method or structural equivalent transformations or substitute, and all belong within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Certain dam is positioned at China Northeast Heavy Frigid Region of China, and weather conditions are severe, and winter, cold lasted length, high 37 DEG C, minimum-42.5 DEG C; Minimum-17.4 DEG C of temperature on average, the highest 22.9 DEG C for many years, differs 40.3 DEG C.
Actual measurement snow deposit covering and heat insulating effect is as shown in table 3 and Fig. 1:
Table 3 survey daily minimal tcmperature, for many years moon minimum temperature on average and snowfall after temperature value table
Daily minimal tcmperature (DEG C) Month minimum temperature on average (DEG C) Temperature value (DEG C) after snowfall
-25.18 -17.4 0
As can be seen from Figure 1, field data shows: monitoring concrete storehouse surface temperature after snowfall is 0 DEG C, and Daily minimum temperature is-25.18 DEG C, and snowfall covers can provide certain effect to concrete heat-insulating.
Snow deposit can from natural snowfall, if without snowfall environment when natural snowfall can not reach ideal thickness or need heat retaining operation, use artificial snowing to supplement, concrete grammar is: the water under high pressure from high-pressure hydraulic pump mixes at double feed inlet nozzle place with the pressure-air from air compressor.The volume expansion after natural evaporation and air delivery nozzle is utilized to take away heat and make droplet condense into ice crystal.
Insulation quilt material plastic sponge plate coefficient of thermal conductivity 0.15kJ/ (mh DEG C), heat emission factor between insulation layer external surface and air is 70.00kJ/ (mh DEG C), thickness in monolayer 0.2m, when covering 9 layers of insulation quilt, calculating heat emission factor actual between concrete storehouse surface and insulation layer according to formula (2) is 2.6kJ/ (m 2d DEG C).Newly snow coefficient of thermal conductivity 0.1kJ/ (mh DEG C) left and right, heat emission factor between insulation layer external surface and air is 70.00kJ/ (mh DEG C) left and right, when artificial snow thickness is 0.2m, namely, when one layer of heat preservation is by thickness, calculates according to formula (2) and reach same heat emission factor 2.6kJ/ (m 2d DEG C) required for the insulation quilt number of plies be about 8 layers.Can draw according to formula (2) equally, often increase one deck same thickness snow deposit, one deck plastic sponge plate can be reduced, and artificial snow cost comparatively insulation quilt is low, therefore, in actual application, overall cost can reduce about 30%.
Although as can be seen from Figure 1, snowfall covers can realize concrete insulation, but because temperature Change can cause snow deposit to melt, if snow deposit directly contacts concrete storehouse surface, the snow-broth melted can infiltrate in concrete and affect concrete performance, therefore to be combined with snow deposit by insulation quilt and more direct snow deposit to be covered concrete storehouse surface better heat preservation, also can prevent snow melt from causing concrete performance to reduce on the other hand.
In addition, fill stratum can be used to replace snow deposit to be incubated, then covering and heat insulating quilt thereon, as plastic sponge plate, adopts the computational methods calculating identical with snow deposit, often increase fill stratum 0.4m, can replace one deck plastic sponge plate.Employing is banketed in conjunction with the method for insulation quilt (plate), and total cost can reduce about 30% equally.
As can be seen from above-described embodiment, the heat preserving method that cold district provided by the invention concrete is survived the winter, by heat insulating material and snow deposit or bury soil layer with the use of, snow deposit can be given play on the one hand or bury native natural heat insulation effect, the use of heat insulating material can be reduced on the other hand, reduce cost of production, and do not reduce the heat insulation effect of concrete storehouse surface.

Claims (10)

1. a cold district concrete heat preserving method of surviving the winter, is characterized in that, take the mode of two insulation layer to be incubated at concrete storehouse surface, wherein an insulation layer is artificial heat insulating material, and another insulation layer is snow deposit or buries soil layer.
2. the cold district as claimed in claim 1 concrete heat preserving method of surviving the winter, is characterized in that, cover certain thickness artificial heat insulation material, then cover certain thickness snow deposit at artificial heat insulation material surface at concrete storehouse surface.
3. the cold district as claimed in claim 1 concrete heat preserving method of surviving the winter, is characterized in that, covers and certain thicknessly buries soil layer, then burying the certain thickness artificial heat insulation material of soil layer surface coverage at concrete storehouse surface.
4. the heat preserving method that the cold district concrete as described in any one of claim 1-3 is survived the winter, is characterized in that, described artificial heat insulation material is insulation quilt or polystyrol plastic foam plate.
5. the heat preserving method that the cold district concrete as described in any one of claim 1-3 is survived the winter, is characterized in that, after concrete storehouse surface adds a cover heat insulating material, the heat emission factor between concrete storehouse surface and insulation layer is:
&beta; = 1 1 / &beta; 0 + &Sigma;h i / &lambda; i k 1 k 2
Wherein λ ifor heat insulating material coefficient of thermal conductivity kJ/ (mh DEG C), the coefficient of thermal conductivity of various heat insulating material is in table 1; β 0for the heat emission factor between insulation layer external surface and air, kJ/ (m 2h DEG C); h ifor insulation layer thickness, m; k 1for wind speed correction factor; k 2for moist extent correction coefficient, moist material gets 3 ~ 5.
6. the heat preserving method that the cold district concrete as described in any one of right 1-3 is survived the winter, is characterized in that, every layer thickness of described artificial heat insulation material is by formula:
h＝Rλ
Calculate, wherein: R is the thermal resistance of heat insulating material, λ is the coefficient of thermal conductivity of insulation layer, β s=1/R s, R s = 1 &beta; + h &lambda; .
7. the heat preserving method that the cold district concrete as described in any one of claim 1-3 is survived the winter, is characterized in that, described snow deposit or bury the thickness of the layer by formula:
h a = &lambda; ( 1 &beta; a - 1 &beta; s )
Calculate, wherein β afor snow deposit or the heat emission factor burying soil.
8. the cold district as claimed in claim 1 or 2 concrete heat preserving method of surviving the winter, it is characterized in that, described snow deposit is obtained by artificial snow or natural snowfall.
9. the cold district as claimed in claim 8 concrete heat preserving method of surviving the winter, it is characterized in that, described snowmaking method is: first by ice maker, water is made flake ice, by deicing, the flake ice made is ground into powder again, finally, by pulverous ice crystal is sent by air conveying system.
10. the cold district as claimed in claim 8 concrete heat preserving method of surviving the winter, it is characterized in that, described snowmaking method is: the water under high pressure from high-pressure hydraulic pump mixes at double feed inlet nozzle place with the pressure-air from air compressor.The volume expansion after natural evaporation and air delivery nozzle is utilized to take away heat and make droplet condense into ice crystal.
CN201510708301.4A 2015-10-27 2015-10-27 Concrete overwintering heat insulation method in cold regions Pending CN105239677A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107542127A (en) * 2017-08-18 2018-01-05 西北矿冶研究院 Heat preservation method for underground concrete reservoir
CN108316249A (en) * 2018-03-13 2018-07-24 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 Overwintering storehouse surface insulation construction for severe cold area grinding coagulation soil
CN112748151A (en) * 2021-02-08 2021-05-04 中国水利水电科学研究院 Method for calculating concrete surface heat release coefficient based on field test
CN114562269A (en) * 2022-02-23 2022-05-31 中煤科工集团沈阳设计研究院有限公司 Method for mining coal, covering snow and preserving heat in winter

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CN103195248A (en) * 2013-04-08 2013-07-10 中国水电顾问集团成都勘测设计研究院 Construction method for pouring concrete in high cold high-altitude area in winter

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107542127A (en) * 2017-08-18 2018-01-05 西北矿冶研究院 Heat preservation method for underground concrete reservoir
CN107542127B (en) * 2017-08-18 2019-12-27 西北矿冶研究院 Heat preservation method for underground concrete reservoir
CN108316249A (en) * 2018-03-13 2018-07-24 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司 Overwintering storehouse surface insulation construction for severe cold area grinding coagulation soil
CN112748151A (en) * 2021-02-08 2021-05-04 中国水利水电科学研究院 Method for calculating concrete surface heat release coefficient based on field test
CN112748151B (en) * 2021-02-08 2021-10-29 中国水利水电科学研究院 Method for calculating concrete surface heat release coefficient based on field test
CN114562269A (en) * 2022-02-23 2022-05-31 中煤科工集团沈阳设计研究院有限公司 Method for mining coal, covering snow and preserving heat in winter

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