CN105237765B - A kind of cationic surfactant and its application - Google Patents
A kind of cationic surfactant and its application Download PDFInfo
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- CN105237765B CN105237765B CN201510725092.4A CN201510725092A CN105237765B CN 105237765 B CN105237765 B CN 105237765B CN 201510725092 A CN201510725092 A CN 201510725092A CN 105237765 B CN105237765 B CN 105237765B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of cationic surfactant, it is passed sequentially through, and metering mixture, methylol are reacted, three processing steps of polycondensation reaction are prepared from, specific as follows:The water of 400 900 parts by weight is added in a kettle., 55 65 DEG C are warming up to, and pH to 8.5 9.5 is adjusted with basic species；The alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic surfactant of 40 120 parts by weight is added, the formaldehyde of 70 240 parts by weight is added, 60 85 DEG C are warming up to, 40 60min are reacted；PH to 24 is adjusted with acid, heats up 85 95 DEG C and reacts 24 hours；Insulation reaction 0.5 1 hours, that is, obtain cationic surfactant.Cationic surfactant of the present invention has that cationic degree is high, molecular weight is big, Storage period is long, and it, which is put into water, suspension diffusivity, can be with water with arbitrarily than miscible.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of surfactant, and in particular to a kind of cationic surfactant and its application.
Background technology
Conventional alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic surfactant is that a class often uses cationic surface active agent, is had
One hydrophilic group and a lipophilic group, under the conditions of certain pH, certain density conventional alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic
Surfactant has certain ionic strength, and such as oleamide triethylene tetramine, in acid condition in positive charge, has
Good flocculation and demulsification, hydrolysis, but it is to high density pollution thing, high COD industrial wastewaters, acts on not notable, its
Reason is probably that molecular weight is too small, the reason for ionic strength is relatively low.Therefore its molecular weight is improved to improve flocculation and demulsification
It is convenient to handle high COD industrial wastewaters, but conventional alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic surfactant only has a parent
Water base, molecular weight is below 1000, while the group without bifunctionality, is unfavorable for normal alkyl amide groups polyamine cationic
Polymer is formed between surfactant molecule.
The content of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, first purpose of the invention is to provide for a kind of cationic surfactant,
The cationic surfactant has that cationic degree is high, molecular weight is big, Storage period is long, and it, which is put into water, suspension diffusivity, energy
With water with arbitrarily than miscible.
Second object of the present invention is to provide for a kind of purposes of cationic surfactant.
Realizing first purpose of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that：
A kind of cationic surfactant, it passes sequentially through metering mixture, methylol reaction, three technique steps of polycondensation reaction
Suddenly it is prepared from, it is specific as follows:The water of 400-900 parts by weight is added in a kettle., is warming up to 55-65 DEG C, is adjusted with basic species
Save pH to 8.5-9.5；The alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic surfactant of 40-120 parts by weight is added, 70-240 weight is added
The formaldehyde of part, is warming up to 60-85 DEG C, reacts 40-60min；PH to 2-4 is adjusted with acid, the 85-95 DEG C of reaction 2-4 that heat up is small
When；Insulation reaction 0.5-1 hours, that is, obtain cationic surfactant.
It is preferred that, the basic species are NaOH, Na2CO3、NaHCO3One or both of mixture.
It is preferred that, the acid is one or two or more kinds of mixtures in sulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid.
Building-up process is as follows：
The generation of cationic surfactant can substantially be divided into two steps；The first step is by alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic
Surfactant and formaldehyde are obtained under certain reaction condition through hydroxymethylation.But the knot that this addition reaction is finally obtained
Fruit is not often single addition compound product, but the mixture of polytype addition compound product.In cationic surfactant
Molecule on have three amino, but the active highest of primary amine, therefore mainly reacted for formaldehyde with primary amine.In urging for alkali
Under change, it can be reacted per mole cation surfactant with 1 mole of formaldehyde and generate corresponding methylolation cation form
Face activating agent.The pH value of its reaction speed and reaction system, temperature, the ratio of reactant and reaction time are directly related.
The preparation of methylolation cationic surfactant is carried out by reaction equation 1：
Second step passes through heating in acid medium, methylolation cationic surfactant
Further with amino, imino group or hydroxyl condensation reaction occurs for methylol, is carried out by reaction equation 2：
After above-mentioned reaction, obtained cationic surfactant.Included in the cationic surfactant just like knot
Cationic polymer shown in structure formula 1：
In structural formula 1, m=6-10, n >=2.
It is preferred that, the cationic degree of the cationic surfactant is 20-32%.
It is preferred that, the density of the cationic surfactant is 0.98-1.05g/ml.
Realize that second object of the present invention can reach by adopting the following technical scheme that：
The application of cationic polymer described in first purpose of the present invention：It is used as flocculant, reverse-phase emulsifier, mixes
The inorganic agent of solidifying soil water reducer or textile fabric.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The cationic surfactant of the present invention passes sequentially through metering mixture, methylol reaction, three techniques of polycondensation reaction
Step is prepared from, and it has the advantages that high cationic degree, Storage period length and content of formaldehyde are low, and it, which is put into water, has suspension to spread
Property, can be with water with arbitrarily than miscible.Compared with common cationic surfactant, have the following advantages that:
1st, the molecular weight of conventional alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic surfactant is small, and cationic degree is low, shape after improvement
Into cationic surfactant have stronger reactivity Cationic functional groups, rich in cation methylol, amino group,
Therefore with stronger demulsification, flocculation ability, environmental wastewater flocculant for treating, oilfield exploitation rp demulsification be can be widely applied to
Agent, cement water reducing agent, inorganic agent of textile fabric etc.., can when the product of the present invention is used as oilfield exploitation reverse-phase emulsifier
To the emulsification liquid energy fast emulsion breaking in oily waste water, water-oil separating is realized.To tertiary oil recovery produced liquid, especially contain surfactant
Combination flooding produced liquid O/W types extraction oil, can by reverse-phase emulsifier institute it is positively charged neutralization oil droplet negative electricity and quickly remove
Oil；Meanwhile, can be all kinds of inorganic substances contained in serious pollution water and difficult degradation when product of the invention is used as flocculant
The subparticle adsorption-condensation of organic substance can realize the purpose purified water into floc sedimentation after removing floc sedimentation.The flocculant is special
Not Shi Yongyu the polluted enterprises such as papermaking, printing and dyeing, process hides, plating, food, chemical industry industrial wastewater treatment.
2nd, product free formaldehyde content of the invention is extremely low, alleviates pollution on the environment, is a kind of environmental protection
Product.
Embodiment
Below, with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described further：
Embodiment 1：
A kind of preparation method of cationic surfactant, it passes sequentially through metering mixture, methylol reaction, polycondensation reaction
Three processing steps are prepared from, specific as follows:The water of 400 parts by weight is added in a kettle., is warming up to 60 DEG C, is used basic species
Adjust pH to 9；Then the alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic surfactant of 40 parts by weight is added, the first of 70 parts by weight is added
Aldehyde, is warming up to 80 DEG C, reacts 40min；PH to 2 is adjusted with acid, heating is reacted 4 hours at 85 DEG C；Insulation reaction 30min,
Obtain cationic surfactant.
The cationic degree 30% of cationic surfactant manufactured in the present embodiment (tests cation using colloid titration method
Degree), density is 0.98g/ml, and its effective Storage period was more than 1 year.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of preparation method of cationic surfactant, it passes sequentially through metering mixture, methylol reaction, polycondensation reaction
Three processing steps are prepared from, specific as follows:The water of 800 parts by weight is added in a kettle., is warming up to 65 DEG C, is used basic species
Adjust pH to 9.5；Then the alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic surfactant of 120 parts by weight is added, 240 parts by weight are added
Formaldehyde, is warming up to 85 DEG C, reacts 60min；PH to 4 is adjusted with acid, heating is reacted 2 hours, insulation reaction at 95 DEG C
30min；Obtain cationic surfactant.
The cationic degree 32% of cationic surfactant manufactured in the present embodiment；Density is 1.01g/ml, and it is effectively stored up
The phase is deposited more than 1 year.
Embodiment 3：
A kind of preparation method of cationic surfactant, it passes sequentially through metering mixture, methylol reaction, polycondensation reaction
Three processing steps are prepared from, specific as follows:The water of 900 parts by weight is added in a kettle., is warming up to 65 DEG C, is used basic species
Adjust pH to 8.5；Then the alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic surfactant of 60 parts by weight is added, 110 parts by weight are added
Formaldehyde, is warming up to 80-85 DEG C, reacts 60min；PH to 3 is adjusted with acid, heating is reacted 3 hours at 90 DEG C；Insulation reaction
60min, that is, obtain cationic surfactant.
The cationic degree 32% of cationic surfactant manufactured in the present embodiment；Density is 1.03g/ml, and it is effectively stored up
The phase is deposited more than 1 year.
Embodiment 4：
A kind of preparation method of cationic surfactant, it passes sequentially through metering mixture, methylol reaction, polycondensation reaction
Three processing steps are prepared from, specific as follows:The water of 600 parts by weight is added in a kettle., is warming up to 55 DEG C, is used basic species
Adjust pH to 9.0；Then the alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic surfactant of 100 parts by weight is added, 200 parts by weight are added
Formaldehyde, is warming up to 80-85 DEG C, reacts 60min；PH to 2.5 is adjusted with acid, heating is reacted 2 hours at 95 DEG C；Insulation is anti-
30min is answered, that is, obtains cationic surfactant.
The cationic degree 26% of cationic surfactant manufactured in the present embodiment；Density is 1.05g/ml, and it is effectively stored up
The phase is deposited more than 1 year.
Application examples 1：Oil field extracted waste water is handled as reverse-phase emulsifier.
With reference to table 1, demulsification oily waste water is carried out to certain production platform extraction oil and is demulsified, the index of the oily waste water
For：COD=5320mg/l, oil content=1120ppm, turbidity=86NTU, pH value is 6.5；Under the conditions of 42 DEG C of temperature, medicament
Dosage is 100ppm.
The tables of data that the product of the present invention of table 1 is handled oil field extracted waste water
| Product | Oil content of intaking ppm | Water outlet oil content ppm | Demulsification time min |
| Embodiment 1 | 1540 | 25 | <1 |
| Embodiment 2 | 1540 | 22 | <1 |
| Embodiment 3 | 1540 | 19 | <1 |
| Embodiment 4 | 1540 | 16 | <1 |
Application examples 2：As flocculant to air-conditioning machine shop Cutting Liquid Wastewater.
Reference table 2, machining Cutting Liquid Wastewater, normal temperature, pH9.2, added amount of chemical is 100ppm.
The tables of data that the product of the present invention of table 2 is handled machining Cutting Liquid Wastewater
Application examples 3:Sewage disposal is carried out to Sewage Disposal as flocculant；
With reference to table 3, wherein waste water is mainly pickling waste waters and emulsifying liquid waste water, and added amount of chemical is 10ppm, normal temperature, pH
Between 6.5-7.2.
The product of the present invention of table 3 is to the tables of data to Sewage Disposal progress sewage disposal
For those skilled in the art, technical scheme that can be as described above and design, make other each
It is kind corresponding to change and deform, and all these change and deformation should all belong to the protection model of the claims in the present invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of cationic surfactant, it is characterised in that：It passes sequentially through metering mixture, methylol reaction, polycondensation reaction
Three processing steps are prepared from, specific as follows:The water of 400-900 parts by weight is added in a kettle., is warming up to 55-65 DEG C,
PH to 8.5-9.5 is adjusted with basic species；The alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic surfactant of 40-120 parts by weight is added, is added
The formaldehyde of 70-240 parts by weight, is warming up to 60-85 DEG C, reacts 40-60min；PH to 2-4 is adjusted with acid, is heated up 85-95 DEG C
Reaction 2-4 hours；Insulation reaction 0.5-1 hours, that is, obtain cationic surfactant；
Alkylamidoalkyl polyamine cationic surfactant has following structures：
。
2. cationic surfactant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The basic species are NaOH, Na2CO3、
NaHCO3One or both of mixture.
3. cationic surfactant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The acid is sulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulphur
One or two or more kinds of mixtures in acid.
4. cationic surfactant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cationic surface finally prepared
The cationic degree of activating agent is 20-32%.
5. cationic surfactant according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The cationic surface finally prepared
The density of activating agent is 0.98-1.05g/ml.
6. the application of cationic surfactant described in any one in claim 1-5:Be used as flocculant, it is anti-phase broken
The inorganic agent of emulsion, cement water reducing agent or textile fabric.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101585572A (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2009-11-25 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of amphiprotic high-molecule chelated flocculating agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN103333304A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-02 | 广州振清环保技术有限公司 | Cationic flocculant and preparation method thereof |
| CN103450430A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-12-18 | 广州振清环保技术有限公司 | Cationic polymer as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101585572A (en) * | 2009-06-09 | 2009-11-25 | 湖南科技大学 | A kind of amphiprotic high-molecule chelated flocculating agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN103333304A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-02 | 广州振清环保技术有限公司 | Cationic flocculant and preparation method thereof |
| CN103450430A (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2013-12-18 | 广州振清环保技术有限公司 | Cationic polymer as well as preparation method and application thereof |
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