CN105233713A - Preparation method for penetrative and evaporative ethanol-permeable composite membrane - Google Patents
Preparation method for penetrative and evaporative ethanol-permeable composite membrane Download PDFInfo
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- CN105233713A CN105233713A CN201410315930.6A CN201410315930A CN105233713A CN 105233713 A CN105233713 A CN 105233713A CN 201410315930 A CN201410315930 A CN 201410315930A CN 105233713 A CN105233713 A CN 105233713A
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the field of membrane, particularly to a preparation method for a penetrative and evaporative ethanol-permeable composite membrane. According to the present invention, by using a plasma process, polymer monomers are grafted onto the surface of a porous base membrane and polymerized, thereby the porous base membrane is covered by a grafted polymer layer; by adopting a modified base membrane for support, the surface of the base membrane is coated with a membrane casting solution, and the membrane casting solution is cured to obtain the penetrative and evaporative ethanol-permeable composite membrane. The grafted polymer layer is 0-0.025 [mu]m in thickness. According to the present invention, by adopting the plasma process, the ultrathin polymer layer is grafted onto the surface of the porous base membrane. By virtue of the covering effect of the polymer layer on the surface pores of the base membrane, the permeation of the membrane casting solution during coating process onto the base membrane surface is effectively avoided, so that the membrane defects are reduced, and the membrane performance is improved. The preparation method for the penetrative and evaporative ethanol-permeable composite membrane provided by the present invention may also be applied to other membrane fields, such as penetrative and evaporative dehydrating membranes, penetrative and evaporative organic compound separation membranes, gas separation membranes, nanofiltration membranes, reverse osmotic membranes and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to film field, particularly, the present invention relates to the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation.
Background technology
Membrane separation technique has developed rapidly from last century since the fifties, now obtains extensive use in fields such as water treatment, chemical industry, biology, medicine, food, forms suitable industry size.Infiltrating and vaporizing membrane utilizes film to realize being separated from the interaction of each solute is different in separated feed liquid.Divide according to purposes, it can be divided into osmotic, evaporating and dewatering membrane, infiltration evaporation preferential organic matter film and infiltration evaporation organic matter/organic matter diffusion barrier thoroughly.Most infiltrating and vaporizing membranes is composite membrane, be namely by have good chemical, physical and mechanical property porous support membrane as supporting layer, then compound has the dense layer surface of the another kind of material of excellent stalling characteristic on support membrane.The complex method of supporting layer and dense layer surface has following several: (1) rubbing method.First active layer material is mixed with the solution of debita spissitudo, removes insoluble impurity after filtration, by coating, spraying or impregnating method, it is coated on support membrane equably, then the method process such as drying, crosslinked, drip washing and oven dry and obtained composite membrane.(2) surface aggregate method.Monomer is directly coated on basement membrane and is polymerized, thus form one deck dense layer surface.Composite membrane needs prepared by usual surface aggregate are heat-treated, make the machinery of separating layer and separating property more stable.(3) surface reaction method.First by ultraviolet or gamma-rays or chemical method, activation process is carried out to basement membrane, make its surface produce certain active group, then contact with the reagent with features group, make both that chemical reaction occur and form composite membrane.(4) vapor deposition polymerization.Make monomer vaporizes in high vacuum conditions, and in membrane surface deposition, then form separating layer by the polymerisation between monomer in membrane surface.(5) Plasma Polymerization.Under vacuum, utilize plasma technique, the plasma produced by gas discharge is processed monomer vapours and membrane surface, thus forms active separating layer in membrane surface.(6) lamination combined techniques.First prepare supporting layer and separating layer respectively, then by external force by both in conjunction with film forming.Be most widely used with rubbing method in the preparation method of above six kinds of infiltrating and vaporizing membranes, the commercial film product of the infiltration evaporation produced at present almost all adopts the method to be prepared from.
But, the greatest problem existed in rubbing method preparation process is when active layer solution is coated on after on porous support layer, part will be had before it is uncured to be seeped in supporting layer hole, thus cause the defect of active layer, affect the separating property (polymer material science and engineering, 15 (3): 96-98) of infiltrating and vaporizing membrane.The people such as Xiao Tonghu once adopted and were immersed in certain liquid in advance by supporting layer, utilized the supporting role of liquid to prevent silastic-layer solution to be seeped in supporting layer, caused silastic-layer defect.(membrane science and technology, 2001,21 (5): 36-41).
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation.
The preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to the present invention, wherein, described preparation process is:
Step one: active layer membrane material is dissolved in corresponding solubilized solvent and is configured to casting solution;
Step 2: adopt plasma method by the modification of micropore basal membrane top layer, by polymerisable monomer glycerol polymerization in micropore basal membrane surface, forms the graft polymer layer that thickness is 0-0.025 μm.
Step 3: be coated on by the casting solution in step one on the micropore basal membrane of the graft polymer layer that step 2 obtains, make it coat film-forming by airing or intensification furnace drying method, forms the saturating alcohol composite membrane of infiltration evaporation.
The preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to the present invention, wherein, employing plasma method is the aperture of filling porous membrane surface in the object of porous membrane surface graft polymer layer, aperture is reduced, thus it is inner to prevent active layer casting solution from coating procedure, leaking into porous basement membrane.If graft polymer layer is thinner, be then difficult to the effect realizing filling in aperture.If graft polymer layer is thicker, then can affects the seepage velocity of feed liquid in separation process, thus affect membrane flux.Therefore, control graft polymer layer and could obtain good film properties at 0-0.025 μm.
The preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to the present invention, wherein, employing plasma method is the aperture of filling porous membrane surface in the object of porous membrane surface graft polymer layer, aperture is reduced, thus it is inner to prevent active layer casting solution from coating procedure, leaking into porous basement membrane.Therefore; the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of infiltration evaporation according to the present invention; the implication of described " graft polymers monomer " is can be grafted on porous basement membrane and in porous membrane surface by plasma method to occur to be polymerized the monomer forming polymeric layer; namely all monomers realizing above-mentioned functions all belong to protection scope of the present invention; described polymer monomer is the hydrophobic monomer of free redical initiated polymerization; as CR1R2CR3R4, CR2R3CR1COOR4, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 can be saturated alkane group (C
nh
2n+1, n=0-4) or with fluorine or the amino or substituent C such as ether or carbonyl
0-C
4saturated alkane group.
The preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to the present invention, wherein, the active layer membrane material in described step one is the mixture of organic polymer or organic polymer/inorganic material.The organic polymer of described active layer comprise all can the hydrophobic organic polymers of film forming, as the copolymer of silicon rubber, poly-methyl silicon propine, Kynoar, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyimides and above-mentioned material, modifier and blend etc.Organic polymer in the mixture of described active layer organic polymer/inorganic material comprise all can the hydrophobic organic polymers of film forming, as silicon rubber, Kynoar, polyimides and copolymer thereof, modifier and blend etc.Inorganic material in the mixture of described active layer organic polymer/inorganic material comprises and allly has adsorption function or hydrophobic function, interactional inorganic material is produced, as Silicalite-1, ZSM-5, active carbon, ZrO, SiO2 etc. with separated material.
The preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to the present invention, wherein, described porous basement membrane material can be polysulfones, polyether sulfone, polyacrylonitrile, Kynoar, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyimides, PEI, pottery etc.
The preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to the present invention, wherein, by membrane material mixed dissolution formation casting solution in a solvent in step one, be then coated in by casting solution on the porous basement membrane of plasma modification, solidification obtains described film.Corresponding solvent can be selected, if solvent can be saturated alkane, Benzene and Homologues, N-methyl pyrrole network alkane ketone, DMF, DMA etc. according to the difference of described membrane material.
The preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to the present invention, wherein, in active layer casting solution described in described step one, the mass percentage concentration of membrane material is 5-15%.
The preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to the present invention, wherein, in the mixture of organic polymer/inorganic material described in described step one, inorganic material accounts for mixture gross mass mark between 0-60%.
The preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to the present invention, wherein, porous membrane surface graft polymer layer in described step 2 can be realized by the surface plasma modifying graft polymerization procedure of film of the prior art, as the method (JAppliPolymSci., 1992 (46): 311 that comprise the following steps; Colleges and universities' Chemical Engineering journal, 2005,19 (3): 297-302; Membrane science and technology, 2003,23 (5): 15-23; Polymer material science and engineering, 2009,25 (10): 64-70):
(1) porous basement membrane is put into plasma reaction chamber, vacuumize, logical argon replaces;
(2) under 0-150W power, carry out plasma exciatiaon, after irradiation 0-180s, close plasma;
(3) film after excitation of plasma is contacted with grafted monomers, after 0-60min, namely forms graft polymer layer on film surface, take out and be Modified Membrane through post processing.
Film after described excitation of plasma and the way of contact of grafted monomers can be pass in plasma reactor by monomer vapours, or certain density monomer solution is passed in plasma reactor, or be first dipped in monomer solution before film puts into plasma reactor.
Described monomer solution mass concentration 0-5%.
Described graft polymers layer thickness is 0-0.025 μm.
The preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to the present invention, wherein, the solidification temperature of the coat in described step 3 is room temperature-100 DEG C.
The preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to the present invention, may be used for preparing other film fields such as osmotic, evaporating and dewatering membrane, infiltration evaporation organic matter diffusion barrier, gas separation membrane, NF membrane, reverse osmosis membrane.
The present invention adopts plasma method to the modification of porous membrane surface, in porous membrane surface hole and surface fill or cover graft polymer layer, and with the porous basement membrane of graft polymer layer for supporting layer prepares the saturating alcohol composite membrane of infiltration evaporation, its feature is: the 1) people (AIChEJ such as Yamaguchi, 1996, 42 (3) 892 ~ 895.) adopt plasma method by ethyl acrylate (EHA), lauryl acrylate (LA) and n-butyl acrylate etc. are monomer-grafted in the solvent resistant basement membrane micropore of porous, thus obtain polymer " filled-type " diffusion barrier of plasma Inducing Graft formation.2) HMDSO and OMCTSO is deposited to obtained siliceous hydrophobic membrane on porous polypropylene film by the method that the people (J.Membr.Sci., 2003,211 (1): 113-126.) such as St é phanie utilizes low frequency plasma to deposit.The feature of composite membrane prepared by above document is graft polymer layer is using polymeric layer as active layer to perforated membrane inside or surperficial object, is separated processed solution.And the polymeric layer being grafted to porous film surface in the present invention only has the effect being partially filled perforated membrane aperture or part covering porous film surface, object is to reduce basement membrane aperture, the problem preventing active layer solution from permeating in coating procedure, does not have separation function.Therefore allly can to cause at porous film surface plasma and the monomer be polymerized all can be used for the present invention, and available monomer can except porous film surface plasma causes and is polymerized except having in above-mentioned document, also need, to certain separated system, there is separation function, the present invention is compared with bibliographical information as can be seen here, and the range of choices of monomer is all different with the practical function of polymeric layer.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the surface microstructure figure of the M2-H2 film of preparation in embodiment 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1 prepares plasma modification basement membrane
Plasma method is adopted to prepare Modified Membrane as described in Table 1, the method that concrete preparation process comprises the following steps:
(1) porous basement membrane is put into plasma reaction chamber, vacuumize, logical argon replaces;
(2) under 50W power, carry out plasma exciatiaon, after irradiation 50s, close plasma;
(3) film after excitation of plasma is contacted with grafted monomers, take out after xmin and be Modified Membrane through post processing.(grafting time x is different, and graft polymers layer thickness is different).
Film after described excitation of plasma and the way of contact of grafted monomers can be monomer vapours passed in plasma reactor, or are passed in plasma reactor by the monomer solution of mass concentration 2%.
Table 1 plasma modification film
Embodiment 2 prepares the saturating alcohol composite membrane of infiltration evaporation
With the plasma modification film prepared by embodiment 1 for supporting layer, prepare the saturating alcohol composite membrane of infiltration evaporation according to table 2.
The saturating alcohol composite membrane of table 2 infiltration evaporation
Embodiment 3 detects infiltration evaporation saturating alcohol composite membrane performance
In test chart 2, film product is to the separating property of 5% ethanol water, as table 3.
In table 3 table 2, film product is to the separating property of 5% ethanol water
| Film is numbered | Selective | Flux, g/m2.h |
| M1-H1 | 10 | 800 |
| M2-H2 | 15 | 750 |
| M3-H3 | 15 | 600 |
| M2-H4 | 15 | 700 |
| M2-H5 | 12 | 680 |
| M1-H6 | 12 | 950 |
| M4-H7 | 15 | 500 |
| M5-H8 | 5 | 400 |
| M6-H9 | 4 | 350 |
| M7-H1 | 4 | 420 |
| M8-H1 | 13 | 610 |
| M9-H2 | 17 | 800 |
Embodiment 4 contrast basement membrane before modified after the change of composite membrane performance
Employing ethanol/water solution is research object, by with PAN be the composite membrane that composite membrane prepared by basement membrane is prepared for basement membrane with the PAN after plasma modification performance compared with, as table 4.Research shows to adopt plasma modification basement membrane to be that composite membrane performance prepared by supporting layer increases, and flux has and declines in various degree.
Table 4 basement membrane prepares the Performance comparision of composite membrane before modified afterwards
Claims (10)
1. a preparation method for the saturating alcohol composite membrane of infiltration evaporation, is characterized in that,
Step one: active layer membrane material is dissolved in corresponding solubilized solvent and is configured to casting solution;
Step 2: adopt plasma method by the top layer modification of porous basement membrane, by polymerisable monomer glycerol polymerization in porous membrane surface, form certain thickness graft polymer layer.
Step 3: what the casting solution in step one is coated on step 2 acquisition has on the porous basement membrane of graft polymer layer, makes it coat film-forming, form the saturating alcohol composite membrane of infiltration evaporation by airing or intensification furnace drying method.
Active layer membrane material in described step one is the mixture of organic polymer or organic polymer and inorganic material.
The graft polymers layer thickness obtained in described step 2 is 0 ~ 0.025 μm.
2. the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in described active layer casting solution, the mass percentage concentration of membrane material is 5-15%.
3. the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in the mixture of described organic polymer/inorganic material, inorganic material accounts for mixture gross mass mark between 0-60%.
4. the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described porous basement membrane membrane material is polysulfones, polyether sulfone, polyacrylonitrile, Kynoar, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyimides, PEI or pottery.
5. the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described polymerization single polymerization monomer is the hydrophobic monomer of free redical initiated polymerization, and as CR1R2CR3R4, CR2R3CR1COOR4, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 can be saturated alkane group (C
nh
2n+1, n=0-4) or with fluorine or (with) amino or (with) ether or (with) the substituent C such as carbonyl
0-C
4saturated alkane group.
6. the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described active layer organic polymer is silicon rubber, poly-methyl silicon propine, Kynoar, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyimides and copolymer, modifier and blend.
7. the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the organic polymer in described active layer organic polymer and the mixture of inorganic material includes but not limited to silicon rubber, poly-methyl silicon propine, Kynoar, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyimides and copolymer, modifier and blend; Inorganic material in described active layer organic polymer and the mixture of inorganic material includes but not limited to high-silica zeolite, silica zeolite, zirconium dioxide, silica, active carbon.
8. the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the solidification temperature of the coat in described step 3 is room temperature-100 DEG C.
9. the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described infiltration evaporation saturating alcohol composite membrane form can be Flat Membrane, tubular membrane or hollow-fibre membrane.
10. the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of a kind of infiltration evaporation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the preparation method of the saturating alcohol composite membrane of described a kind of infiltration evaporation may be used for preparing other film fields such as osmotic, evaporating and dewatering membrane, infiltration evaporation organic matter diffusion barrier, gas separation membrane, NF membrane, reverse osmosis membrane.
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| CN113041861A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-29 | 江苏奥神新材料股份有限公司 | Composite membrane for separating polar solvent in water, preparation method and application |
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