CN105230283A - 桔梗无公害高产种植方法 - Google Patents

桔梗无公害高产种植方法 Download PDF

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CN105230283A
CN105230283A CN201510661888.8A CN201510661888A CN105230283A CN 105230283 A CN105230283 A CN 105230283A CN 201510661888 A CN201510661888 A CN 201510661888A CN 105230283 A CN105230283 A CN 105230283A
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李海章
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JIESHOU FENGSHUN PLANTATION SPECIALIZED COOPERATIVES
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Abstract

一种桔梗无公害高产种植方法，步骤如下：1)选择排水良好的腐殖质土地，第一年6-7月间，在地面上先清除杂草后深翻晒垡，熟化土壤；2)播种前2周每亩施复合肥30公斤～35公斤，平整后覆盖20公分厚的腐叶土，建苗床播种，浇透水；3)在4月初进行播种，播种前将种子用浸种剂浸泡6-10小时，捞出晾干，将种子均匀撒到苗床上；4)苗高2厘米时适当疏苗，苗高3～4厘米时定苗；5)干燥季节每天浇一次水，除草没有具体的时间限制，有草就除；6)每隔15-20天，结合叶面施肥喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂防治病虫害；7)播种第二年秋季，当叶片黄萎时即可采挖，割去茎叶、芦头，将根部泥土洗净后，浸在水中，趁鲜用刮去表面粗皮，洗净，晒干即成。

Description

桔梗无公害高产种植方法
技术领域
本发明涉及中药材种植技术领域，具体涉及一种桔梗无公害高产种植方法。
背景技术
桔梗，别名包袱花、铃铛花、僧帽花，桔梗科桔梗属植物，多年生草本，其根可入药，有止咳祛痰、宣肺、排脓等功效，为中医常用药。桔梗在生产上多采用种子直播的种植方法，其种子发芽率低，桔梗的种植过程中容易出现根部腐烂的现象，造成桔梗产量低，经济效益差。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种方法简单，成本低廉的桔梗无公害高产种植方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现：
一种桔梗无公害高产种植方法，具体步骤如下：
1)选择排水良好的腐殖质土地，第一年6-7月间，在地面上先清除杂草后深翻晒垡，熟化土壤，同时每亩施石灰粉50公斤～100公斤进行土壤消毒；
2)播种前2周每亩施复合肥30公斤～35公斤，平整后覆盖20公分厚的腐叶土，建苗床播种，苗床宽1.2m，高20cm，沟宽30cm，浇透水；
3)在4月初进行播种，播种前将种子用浸种剂浸泡6-10小时，捞出晾干；将种子均匀撒到苗床上，种子播后覆盖重量比1：1的腐殖土和草木灰，覆土厚1.5cm，再在墒面上盖草，厚度以不露土为宜，浇透水，保持湿润；
4)苗高2厘米时适当疏苗，苗高3～4厘米时定苗，以苗距12～14厘米留壮苗1株，补苗和间苗可同时进行，带土补苗；
5)干燥季节每天浇一次水，除草没有具体的时间限制，有草就除，6-7月的高温季节特别要注意遮阴，必要时还要浇水降温，把温度控制在30℃之内；
6)每隔15-20天，结合叶面施肥喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂防治炭疽病、白粉病、根腐病及蛀果蛾、蚜虫，或者单独喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂，秋天视病虫害危害情况喷药防治；
7)播种第二年秋季，当叶片黄萎时即可采挖，割去茎叶、芦头，将根部泥土洗净后，浸在水中，趁鲜用刮去表面粗皮，洗净，晒干即成。
上述浸种剂是由以下重量份数的组方制成：磁化水50份、富硒酵母粉0.2份、紫甘薯花青素0.1份、多菌灵可湿性粉剂(50％)0.3份、茶叶生物碱0.05份、大豆卵磷脂0.2份、水解丝蛋白0.2份、薄荷汁0.2份、海藻微粉0.4份、硬脂酸甘油酯0.2份、螯合态锌0.5份、尼泊金乙酯0.3份、生根粉0.2份、姜汁0.4份、防腐剂0.03份、蓖麻油0.2份、顺式氯氰菊酯0.5份、苯甲酸0.6份、茼蒿提取物0.3份。
采用上述浸种剂可有效防治地下害虫对桔梗种子的侵害，在正常使用技术条件下植物体内无残留，对自然环境和其它生物影响小，能有效促进发芽，生根解除植物休眠，培育壮苗。
上述步骤4)中的中药杀菌除虫剂是将600-800g的干苦参根、450-600g的干辣椒、500-650g的鱼藤和300-400g的核桃皮、300-400g的马齿苋、300-400g的中性洗衣粉、300-400g的金银花、300-400g的楝树皮、300-400g的南瓜子、300-400g的艾叶、300-400g的花椒叶、300-400g的糯稻根、300-400g的贯众、300-400g的五倍子、300-400g的栀子、300-400g的紫苏叶、300-400g的大黄、300-400g的莪术置于30000-35000g的水中，熬1-3小时后，滤除药渣，即制得中药杀菌除虫剂，每亩的用种量为2-2.5kg。有效的防治了桔梗的病虫害，而且解决了传统化学农药高残留、高污染、防虫效果不好的问题。
本发明的有益效果是：本发明种植科学合理，通过有效的管理能够使桔梗的根茎长的粗壮，从而达到高产的效果；同时也能够更好的保护人们的身体健康，达到良好的医药效果。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种桔梗无公害高产种植方法，具体步骤如下：
1)选择排水良好的腐殖质土地，第一年6-7月间，在地面上先清除杂草后深翻晒垡，熟化土壤，同时每亩施石灰粉50公斤～100公斤进行土壤消毒；
2)播种前2周每亩施复合肥30公斤～35公斤，平整后覆盖20公分厚的腐叶土，建苗床播种，苗床宽1.2m，高20cm，沟宽30cm，浇透水；
3)在4月初进行播种，播种前将种子用浸种剂浸泡6-10小时，捞出晾干；将种子均匀撒到苗床上，种子播后覆盖重量比1：1的腐殖土和草木灰，覆土厚1.5cm，再在墒面上盖草，厚度以不露土为宜，浇透水，保持湿润；
4)苗高2厘米时适当疏苗，苗高3～4厘米时定苗，以苗距12～14厘米留壮苗1株，补苗和间苗可同时进行，带土补苗；
5)干燥季节每天浇一次水，除草没有具体的时间限制，有草就除，6-7月的高温季节特别要注意遮阴，必要时还要浇水降温，把温度控制在30℃之内；
6)每隔15-20天，结合叶面施肥喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂防治炭疽病、白粉病、根腐病及蛀果蛾、蚜虫，或者单独喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂，秋天视病虫害危害情况喷药防治；
7)播种第二年秋季，当叶片黄萎时即可采挖，割去茎叶、芦头，将根部泥土洗净后，浸在水中，趁鲜用刮去表面粗皮，洗净，晒干即成。
上述浸种剂是由以下重量份数的组方制成：磁化水50份、富硒酵母粉0.2份、紫甘薯花青素0.1份、多菌灵可湿性粉剂(50％)0.3份、茶叶生物碱0.05份、大豆卵磷脂0.2份、水解丝蛋白0.2份、薄荷汁0.2份、海藻微粉0.4份、硬脂酸甘油酯0.2份、螯合态锌0.5份、尼泊金乙酯0.3份、生根粉0.2份、姜汁0.4份、防腐剂0.03份、蓖麻油0.2份、顺式氯氰菊酯0.5份、苯甲酸0.6份、茼蒿提取物0.3份。
采用上述浸种剂可有效防治地下害虫对桔梗种子的侵害，在正常使用技术条件下植物体内无残留，对自然环境和其它生物影响小，能有效促进发芽，生根解除植物休眠，培育壮苗。
上述步骤4)中的中药杀菌除虫剂是将600-800g的干苦参根、450-600g的干辣椒、500-650g的鱼藤和300-400g的核桃皮、300-400g的马齿苋、300-400g的中性洗衣粉、300-400g的金银花、300-400g的楝树皮、300-400g的南瓜子、300-400g的艾叶、300-400g的花椒叶、300-400g的糯稻根、300-400g的贯众、300-400g的五倍子、300-400g的栀子、300-400g的紫苏叶、300-400g的大黄、300-400g的莪术置于30000-35000g的水中，熬1-3小时后，滤除药渣，即制得中药杀菌除虫剂，每亩的用种量为2-2.5kg。有效的防治了桔梗的病虫害，而且解决了传统化学农药高残留、高污染、防虫效果不好的问题。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解，本发明不受上述实施例的限制，上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理，在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下，本发明还会有各种变化和改进，这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (3)

1.一种桔梗无公害高产种植方法，其特征在于，具体步骤如下：
1)选择排水良好的腐殖质土地，第一年6-7月间，在地面上先清除杂草后深翻晒垡，熟化土壤，同时每亩施石灰粉50公斤～100公斤进行土壤消毒；
2)播种前2周每亩施复合肥30公斤～35公斤，平整后覆盖20公分厚的腐叶土，建苗床播种，苗床宽1.2m，高20cm，沟宽30cm，浇透水；
3)在4月初进行播种，播种前将种子用浸种剂浸泡6-10小时，捞出晾干；将种子均匀撒到苗床上，种子播后覆盖重量比1：1的腐殖土和草木灰，覆土厚1.5cm，再在墒面上盖草，厚度以不露土为宜，浇透水，保持湿润；
4)苗高2厘米时适当疏苗，苗高3～4厘米时定苗，以苗距12～14厘米留壮苗1株，补苗和间苗可同时进行，带土补苗；
5)干燥季节每天浇一次水，除草没有具体的时间限制，有草就除，6-7月的高温季节特别要注意遮阴，必要时还要浇水降温，把温度控制在30℃之内；
6)每隔15-20天，结合叶面施肥喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂防治炭疽病、白粉病、根腐病及蛀果蛾、蚜虫，或者单独喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂，秋天视病虫害危害情况喷药防治；
7)播种第二年秋季，当叶片黄萎时即可采挖，割去茎叶、芦头，将根部泥土洗净后，浸在水中，趁鲜用刮去表面粗皮，洗净，晒干即成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的桔梗无公害高产种植方法，其特征在于，上述步骤2)中的浸种剂是由以下重量份数的组方制成：磁化水50份、富硒酵母粉0.2份、紫甘薯花青素0.1份、多菌灵可湿性粉剂(50％)0.3份、茶叶生物碱0.05份、大豆卵磷脂0.2份、水解丝蛋白0.2份、薄荷汁0.2份、海藻微粉0.4份、硬脂酸甘油酯0.2份、螯合态锌0.5份、尼泊金乙酯0.3份、生根粉0.2份、姜汁0.4份、防腐剂0.03份、蓖麻油0.2份、顺式氯氰菊酯0.5份、苯甲酸0.6份、茼蒿提取物0.3份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的桔梗无公害高产种植方法，其特征在于，上述步骤4)中的中药杀菌除虫剂是将600-800g的干苦参根、450-600g的干辣椒、500-650g的鱼藤和300-400g的核桃皮、300-400g的马齿苋、300-400g的中性洗衣粉、300-400g的金银花、300-400g的楝树皮、300-400g的南瓜子、300-400g的艾叶、300-400g的花椒叶、300-400g的糯稻根、300-400g的贯众、300-400g的五倍子、300-400g的栀子、300-400g的紫苏叶、300-400g的大黄、300-400g的莪术置于30000-35000g的水中，熬1-3小时后，滤除药渣，即制得中药杀菌除虫剂，每亩的用种量为2-2.5kg。
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