CN105230282A - 桔梗与小麦高产套种方法 - Google Patents

桔梗与小麦高产套种方法 Download PDF

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CN105230282A
CN105230282A CN201510661869.5A CN201510661869A CN105230282A CN 105230282 A CN105230282 A CN 105230282A CN 201510661869 A CN201510661869 A CN 201510661869A CN 105230282 A CN105230282 A CN 105230282A
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seedlings
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姜雪丽
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Wa Xueli Home Farm Reed Villages And Small Towns Road Jieshou City
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Abstract

一种桔梗与小麦高产套种方法,步骤如下:1)在小麦扬花期或扬花期前后,在下雨之前将桔梗种子撒上;2)雨水过后,桔梗种子开始萌芽生长,并开始扎根,桔梗前期生长缓慢,主要是向下扎根,麦收后开始快速生长;3)苗高2厘米时适当疏苗,苗高3~4厘米时定苗,以苗距12~14厘米留壮苗1株,补苗和间苗可同时进行,带土补苗;4)干燥季节每天浇一次水,除草没有具体的时间限制,有草就除;6-7月的高温季节特别要注意遮阴,必要时还要浇水降温,把温度控制在30℃之内;5)结合叶面施肥喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂防治病虫害;6)播种第二年秋季,当叶片黄萎时即可采挖,将根部泥土洗净后,浸在水中,趁鲜用刮去表面粗皮,洗净,晒干即成。

Description

桔梗与小麦高产套种方法
技术领域
本发明涉及中药材种植技术领域,具体涉及一种桔梗与小麦高产套种方法。
背景技术
桔梗,别名包袱花、铃铛花、僧帽花,桔梗科桔梗属植物,多年生草本,其根可入药,有止咳祛痰、宣肺、排脓等功效,为中医常用药。桔梗在生产上多采用种子直播的种植方法。通常需要在播种后为了提高出芽率需覆盖一层秸秆或薄膜,工作量大。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种方法简单,成本低廉的桔梗与小麦高产套种方法。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下技术方案来实现:
一种桔梗与小麦高产套种方法,具体步骤如下:
1)在小麦扬花期或扬花期前后,将桔梗种子撒入麦田,具体播撒时间应根据天气预报,在下雨之前将种子撒上,若连续一周没有下雨,则应当采用人工洒水,切勿大水漫灌将种子冲跑;此时小麦还处于生长期,桔梗种子在麦田中得到麦秆的保护,可以避免阳光直接照射,提供一个相对适宜的生长环境;
2)雨水过后,桔梗种子开始萌芽生长,并开始扎根,桔梗前期生长缓慢,主要是向下扎根,麦收后开始快速生长;在麦收过程中,由于桔梗茎叶比较小,体质软,收割机碾压后能够很快恢复生长,不会对桔梗苗造成损伤,不影响生长;
3)苗高2厘米时适当疏苗,苗高3~4厘米时定苗,以苗距12~14厘米留壮苗1株,补苗和间苗可同时进行,带土补苗;
4)干燥季节每天浇一次水,除草没有具体的时间限制,有草就除,此时主要是除单子叶杂草,可施用除草剂,因双子叶杂草在麦田中已被除掉;6-7月的高温季节特别要注意遮阴,必要时还要浇水降温,把温度控制在30℃之内;
5)结合叶面施肥喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂防治炭疽病、白粉病、根腐病及蛀果蛾、蚜虫,或者单独喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂,秋天视病虫害危害情况喷药防治;
6)播种第二年秋季,当叶片黄萎时即可采挖,割去茎叶、芦头,将根部泥土洗净后,浸在水中,趁鲜用刮去表面粗皮,洗净,晒干即成。
上述步骤1)中在桔梗种子播种前需要对种子进行拌种处理,其中拌100公斤桔梗种子需要以下组分和用量:纯净水5公斤、紫甘薯花青素0.1公斤、多菌灵可湿性粉剂(50%)0.3公斤、茶叶生物碱0.05公斤、大豆卵磷脂0.2公斤、复硝酚钠0.2公斤、海藻微粉0.4公斤、硬脂酸甘油酯0.05公斤、螯合态锌0.5公斤、尼泊金乙酯0.3公斤、生根粉0.2公斤、姜汁0.4公斤、防腐剂0.03公斤、蓖麻油0.2公斤、顺式氯氰菊酯150ml、苯甲酸0.6公斤、茼蒿提取物0.1公斤。
采用上述浸种剂可有效防治地下害虫对桔梗种子的侵害,在正常使用技术条件下植物体内无残留,对自然环境和小麦没有影响,能有效促进发芽,生根解除植物休眠,培育壮苗。
上述步骤5)中的中药杀菌除虫剂是将600-800g的干苦参根、450-600g的干辣椒、500-650g的鱼藤和300-400g的核桃皮、300-400g的马齿苋、300-400g的中性洗衣粉、300-400g的金银花、300-400g的楝树皮、300-400g的南瓜子、300-400g的艾叶、300-400g的花椒叶、300-400g的糯稻根、300-400g的贯众、300-400g的五倍子、300-400g的栀子、300-400g的紫苏叶、300-400g的大黄、300-400g的莪术置于30000-35000g的水中,熬1-3小时后,滤除药渣,即制得中药杀菌除虫剂,每亩的用种量为2-2.5kg。有效的防治了桔梗的病虫害,而且解决了传统化学农药高残留、高污染、防虫效果不好的问题。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明种植科学合理,省去耕地、覆膜等工作,大大节省了工作量,且不影响小麦的收获,经济效益好。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解,下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1
一种桔梗与小麦高产套种方法,具体步骤如下:
1)在小麦扬花期或扬花期前后,将桔梗种子撒入麦田,具体播撒时间应根据天气预报,在下雨之前将种子撒上,若连续一周没有下雨,则应当采用人工洒水,切勿大水漫灌将种子冲跑;此时小麦还处于生长期,桔梗种子在麦田中得到麦秆的保护,可以避免阳光直接照射,提供一个相对适宜的生长环境;
2)雨水过后,桔梗种子开始萌芽生长,并开始扎根,桔梗前期生长缓慢,主要是向下扎根,麦收后开始快速生长;在麦收过程中,由于桔梗茎叶比较小,体质软,收割机碾压后能够很快恢复生长,不会对桔梗苗造成损伤,不影响生长;
3)苗高2厘米时适当疏苗,苗高3~4厘米时定苗,以苗距12~14厘米留壮苗1株,补苗和间苗可同时进行,带土补苗;
4)干燥季节每天浇一次水,除草没有具体的时间限制,有草就除,此时主要是除单子叶杂草,可施用除草剂,因双子叶杂草在麦田中已被除掉;6-7月的高温季节特别要注意遮阴,必要时还要浇水降温,把温度控制在30℃之内;
5)结合叶面施肥喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂防治炭疽病、白粉病、根腐病及蛀果蛾、蚜虫,或者单独喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂,秋天视病虫害危害情况喷药防治;
6)播种第二年秋季,当叶片黄萎时即可采挖,割去茎叶、芦头,将根部泥土洗净后,浸在水中,趁鲜用刮去表面粗皮,洗净,晒干即成。
上述步骤1)中在桔梗种子播种前需要对种子进行拌种处理,其中拌100公斤桔梗种子需要以下组分和用量:纯净水5公斤、紫甘薯花青素0.1公斤、多菌灵可湿性粉剂(50%)0.3公斤、茶叶生物碱0.05公斤、大豆卵磷脂0.2公斤、复硝酚钠0.2公斤、海藻微粉0.4公斤、硬脂酸甘油酯0.05公斤、螯合态锌0.5公斤、尼泊金乙酯0.3公斤、生根粉0.2公斤、姜汁0.4公斤、防腐剂0.03公斤、蓖麻油0.2公斤、顺式氯氰菊酯150ml、苯甲酸0.6公斤、茼蒿提取物0.1公斤。
采用上述浸种剂可有效防治地下害虫对桔梗种子的侵害,在正常使用技术条件下植物体内无残留,对自然环境和小麦叶没有影响,能有效促进发芽,生根解除植物休眠,培育壮苗。
上述步骤5)中的中药杀菌除虫剂是将600-800g的干苦参根、450-600g的干辣椒、500-650g的鱼藤和300-400g的核桃皮、300-400g的马齿苋、300-400g的中性洗衣粉、300-400g的金银花、300-400g的楝树皮、300-400g的南瓜子、300-400g的艾叶、300-400g的花椒叶、300-400g的糯稻根、300-400g的贯众、300-400g的五倍子、300-400g的栀子、300-400g的紫苏叶、300-400g的大黄、300-400g的莪术置于30000-35000g的水中,熬1-3小时后,滤除药渣,即制得中药杀菌除虫剂,每亩的用种量为2-2.5kg。有效的防治了桔梗的病虫害,而且解决了传统化学农药高残留、高污染、防虫效果不好的问题。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征和本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (1)

1.一种桔梗与小麦高产套种方法,其特征在于,具体步骤如下:
1)在小麦扬花期或扬花期前后,将桔梗种子撒入麦田,具体播撒时间应根据天气预报,在下雨之前将种子撒上,若连续一周没有下雨,则应当采用人工洒水,切勿大水漫灌将种子冲跑;
2)雨水过后,桔梗种子开始萌芽生长,并开始扎根,桔梗前期生长缓慢,主要是向下扎根,麦收后开始快速生长;在麦收过程中,由于桔梗茎叶比较小,体质软,收割机碾压后能够很快恢复生长,不会对桔梗苗造成损伤,不影响生长;
3)苗高2厘米时适当疏苗,苗高3~4厘米时定苗,以苗距12~14厘米留壮苗1株,补苗和间苗可同时进行,带土补苗;
4)干燥季节每天浇一次水,除草没有具体的时间限制,有草就除;6-7月的高温季节特别要注意遮阴,必要时还要浇水降温,把温度控制在30℃之内;
5)结合叶面施肥喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂防治炭疽病、白粉病、根腐病及蛀果蛾、蚜虫,或者单独喷雾中药杀菌除虫剂,秋天视病虫害危害情况喷药防治;
6)播种第二年秋季,当叶片黄萎时即可采挖,割去茎叶、芦头,将根部泥土洗净后,浸在水中,趁鲜用刮去表面粗皮,洗净,晒干即成。
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