CN105224817B - The determining method of efficiency of generating unit - Google Patents
The determining method of efficiency of generating unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN105224817B CN105224817B CN201510755941.0A CN201510755941A CN105224817B CN 105224817 B CN105224817 B CN 105224817B CN 201510755941 A CN201510755941 A CN 201510755941A CN 105224817 B CN105224817 B CN 105224817B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of determining method of efficiency of generating unit, the method includes：The related caloric information of boiler is supplied to before acquisition air preheater；According to boiler efficiency described in the related heat information acquisition；Efficiency of generating unit is obtained by the boiler efficiency and the heat consumption of steam turbine.The boiler efficiency and efficiency of generating unit of the simple unit for accurately calculating outer heating load as a result,.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat supply and power generation, in particular to a method for determining the generating efficiency of a unit.
Background
For a heat supply thermal power plant, except for heat loss, part of steam generated by a boiler is sent to a steam turbine for power generation, and the other part of the steam is used for heat supply. In the prior art coal-fired unit boiler, in the hot primary air 12 and the hot secondary air 13 for preheating the boiler, cold air is generally directly mixed into the hot primary air pipeline from the position of the hot primary air 12 at which the boiler is input into the boiler (without passing through an air preheater) so as to keep the temperature of the inlet of the coal pulverizer within a specified range, but the method causes the temperature of the exhaust gas 14 of the boiler to rise, so that more and more power plants introduce the heating technology of the hot primary air of the boiler, namely, a hot primary air heater 11 is additionally arranged in front of the air preheater, a part of main condensation water 15 from a unit regenerative system is heated by the hot primary air 12, and part of heat of the hot primary air is recovered, so that the temperature of the hot primary air entering the inlet of the coal pulverizer is controlled, as shown in fig. 1. In view of the fact that the technology is more and more widely applied, on the premise of ensuring accuracy, aiming at a unit with heat supply in front of an air preheater, the technical proposal of a simplified calculation formula of boiler efficiency and unit generating efficiency is a problem to be solved urgently by the industry staff.
Disclosure of Invention
To solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for accurately calculating the generating efficiency of a unit and the boiler efficiency, and to this end, the present invention specifically provides a method for determining the generating efficiency of a unit, where the method for determining the generating efficiency of a unit specifically includes: acquiring related heat information supplied to a boiler in front of an air preheater; obtaining the boiler efficiency according to the related heat information; and obtaining the generating efficiency of the unit through the boiler efficiency and the heat consumption of the steam turbine.
In the above method for determining the power generation efficiency of the unit, preferably, the related heat information includes: the heat loss information of the unit, the coal feeding amount of the boiler, the low-order heating amount information of each kilogram of fuel, the heat supply amount information of the boiler and/or the heat absorption amount information of the low-pressure economizer.
In the above method for determining the generating efficiency of the unit, preferably, the obtaining the boiler efficiency according to the related heat information includes: obtaining the boiler efficiency according to the related heat information through the following formula;
wherein Q isar,netThe fuel is the low-order heating value per kilogram of fuel, kJ/kg; sigma QjThe heat absorption capacity kJ/h of a low-pressure economizer which is used for directly supplying heat to the boiler or is arranged in front of the air preheater along the flue gas flow path of the boiler is adopted; b isrThe coal feeding amount of the boiler is t/h; sigma LikJ/kg is the heat loss of the unit.
In the above method for determining the generating efficiency of the unit, preferably, the heat absorption capacity of the low-pressure economizer is obtained according to the following formula: sigma Qj＝DcmΔt；
Wherein D is the working medium flow, cmThe specific heat of the working medium, and delta t is the temperature difference of the working medium.
In the above method for determining the power generation efficiency of the plant, it is preferable that the heat loss of the plant includes: smoke exhaust loss, complete combustion loss of combustible gas, incomplete combustion loss of solids, heat dissipation loss of a boiler and sensible heat loss of ash.
In the above method for determining the generating efficiency of the unit, preferably, the complete combustion loss of the combustible gas and the incomplete combustion loss of the solid are obtained by multiplying the calorific value and the amount of the flue gas and the amount of the ash.
In the method for determining the generating efficiency of the unit, preferably, the smoke discharge loss and the ash sensible heat loss are obtained by multiplying the specific heat capacity, the temperature difference and the smoke and ash amount.
Among these, boiler efficiency; 3600 is the heat equivalent of electricity, kJ/kW.h; HR is the heat consumption of the steam turbine, kJ/kW.h.
Wherein q ism1、h1The main steam flow is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm3、h3The flow rate of hot reheat steam is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm11、h11The boiler feed water flow is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm2、h2The steam flow at the reheating cold end is kg/h, enthalpy, kJ/kg.
In the above method for determining the generating efficiency of the unit, preferably, when the boiler power is obtained by calculation according to a conventional counter-balance algorithm, the heat consumption of the steam turbine is obtained by the following formula;
wherein q ism1、h1The main steam flow is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm3、h3Is heatThe flow rate of the reheated steam is kg/h, the enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm11、h11The boiler feed water flow is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm2、h2The steam flow at the reheating cold end is kg/h, enthalpy, kJ/kg.
By the method for determining the group generating efficiency, provided by the invention, the boiler efficiency and the generating efficiency of the unit with the external heat supply quantity can be simply and accurately calculated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the preheating of an air preheater according to the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for determining the generating efficiency of the unit provided by the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present invention are provided to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention.
The present invention specifically provides a method for determining a generating efficiency of a unit, please refer to fig. 2, where the method for determining the generating efficiency of the unit specifically includes: s101, acquiring related heat information supplied to a boiler before an air preheater; s102, obtaining the boiler efficiency according to the related heat information; and S103, obtaining the generating efficiency of the unit through the boiler efficiency and the heat consumption of the steam turbine.
Wherein Q isar,netThe fuel is the low-order heating value per kilogram of fuel, kJ/kg; sigma QjThe heat absorption capacity kJ/h of a low-pressure economizer which is used for directly supplying heat to the boiler or is arranged in front of the air preheater along the flue gas flow path of the boiler is adopted; b isrThe coal feeding amount of the boiler is t/h; sigma LikJ/kg is the heat loss of the unit.
Wherein the heat absorption capacity of the low-pressure economizer is obtained according to the following formula: sigma Qj＝DcmΔ t; d is the working medium flow rate, cmThe specific heat of the working medium, and delta t is the temperature difference of the working medium.
Through above-mentioned formula, the staff can survey the data according to the time, effectively confirms the efficiency of boiler, when solving the unit that has heat supply before the air preheater in the current field, the problem that boiler efficiency can't accurately be known.
In the above embodiment, the heat loss of the unit includes: smoke exhaust loss, complete combustion loss of combustible gas, incomplete combustion loss of solids, heat dissipation loss of a boiler and sensible heat loss of ash.
Wherein, the complete combustion loss of the combustible gas and the incomplete combustion loss of the solid are obtained by multiplying the calorific value and the amount of the smoke and the ash; the smoke discharge loss and ash sensible heat loss are obtained by multiplying the specific heat capacity, the temperature difference and the smoke and ash contents.
Among these, boiler efficiency; 3600 is the heat equivalent of electricity, kJ/kW.h; HR is the heat consumption of the steam turbine, kJ/kW.h.
In the above formula, qm1、h1Is the main steam flow, kgh. Enthalpy, kJ/kg; q. q.sm3、h3The flow rate of hot reheat steam is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm11、h11The boiler feed water flow is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm2、h2The steam flow at the reheating cold end is kg/h, enthalpy, kJ/kg.
It is worth mentioning that, in actual operation, the boiler power is calculated according to a traditional counter-balance algorithm, and then the heat consumption of the steam turbine is obtained through the following formula;
wherein q ism1、h1The main steam flow is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm3、h3The flow rate of hot reheat steam is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm11、h11The boiler feed water flow is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm2、h2The steam flow at the reheating cold end is kg/h, enthalpy, kJ/kg.
In order to more clearly illustrate the method for determining the generating efficiency of the unit provided by the invention, the following overall description is provided for how to determine the generating efficiency of the unit by the invention in practical work.
There is the heat to carry out direct heating or low pressure economizer heat before the boiler air preheater, and boiler efficiency is:
wherein: qar,net-low calorific value per kilogram of fuel, kJ/kg;
∑Qjthe boiler directly supplies heat or the boiler absorbs heat kJ/h from a low-pressure economizer arranged in front of the air preheater along the flue gas flow. For a heating power plant, the heating load sigma QjCan be directly measured by a power plant instrument or under the condition that a low-pressure economizer exists, according to a formula sigma Qj＝DcmDelta t is calculated, D is the working medium flow, cmThe specific heat of the working medium, and delta t is the temperature difference of the working medium.
Next, the calculation method is explained in two cases;
in the above formula: b isrThe coal feeding amount of the boiler is t/h; sigma LikJ/kg is the heat loss of the unit;
the unit heat loss comprises smoke exhaust loss Q2, combustible gas is complete combustion loss Q3, solid is incomplete combustion loss Q4, boiler heat dissipation loss Q5 and ash sensible heat loss Q6, wherein Q3 and Q4 are obtained by multiplying calorific value (tested or measured by a sample) and smoke (measured according to smoke components) and the amount of ash; q2 and Q6 are obtained by multiplying the specific heat capacity (determined by component analysis), the temperature difference (measured by a temperature measuring element) and the amounts of smoke and ash (calculated by chemical reaction).
Generating efficiency of the unit:
3600-electric heat equivalent, kJ/kW.h;
HR-heat consumption of the steam turbine, kJ/kW.h;
at this time, the steam turbine heat rate can be calculated by equation (3):
qm1、h1-main steam flow (kg/h), enthalpy (kJ/kg);
qm3、h3-hot reheat steam flow (kg/h), enthalpy (kJ/kg);
qm11、h11-boiler feed water flow (kg/h), enthalpy (kJ/kg);
qm2、h2-reheat cold end steam flow (kg/h), enthalpy (kJ/kg);
alternatively, if the boiler efficiency is based on the conventional counter-balancing algorithmAnd (4) calculating the heat consumption of the steam turbine according to the formula (4).
The definition of the correlation function is explained above and will not be described in detail here.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for determining the efficiency of power generation by a unit, the method comprising:
acquiring related heat information supplied to a boiler in front of an air preheater;
obtaining boiler efficiency according to the related heat information;
obtaining the generating efficiency of the unit according to the boiler efficiency and the heat consumption of the steam turbine; wherein,
the related heat information includes: the heat loss information of the unit, the coal feeding amount of the boiler, the low-order heating amount information of each kilogram of fuel, the heat supply amount information of the boiler and/or the heat absorption amount information of the low-pressure economizer;
said obtaining boiler efficiency from said correlated heat information comprises: obtaining the boiler efficiency according to the related heat information through the following formula;
wherein Q isar,netThe fuel is the low-order heating value per kilogram of fuel, kJ/kg; sigma QjThe heat absorption capacity kJ/h of a low-pressure economizer which is used for directly supplying heat to the boiler or is arranged in front of the air preheater along the flue gas flow path of the boiler is adopted; b isrThe coal feeding amount of the boiler is t/h; sigma LikJ/kg is the heat loss of the unit.
2. The method for determining the generating efficiency of the unit according to claim 1, wherein the heat absorption capacity of the low-pressure economizer is obtained according to the following formula:
∑Qj＝DcmΔt；
wherein D is the working medium flow, cmThe specific heat of the working medium, and delta t is the temperature difference of the working medium.
3. The method for determining the generating efficiency of a unit according to claim 1, wherein the heat loss of the unit comprises: smoke exhaust loss, complete combustion loss of combustible gas, incomplete combustion loss of solids, heat dissipation loss of a boiler and sensible heat loss of ash.
4. The method for determining the unit power generation efficiency according to claim 3, wherein the complete combustion loss of the combustible gas and the incomplete combustion loss of the solid are obtained by multiplying the calorific value and the amount of the flue gas and the ash.
5. The method for determining the generating efficiency of the unit according to claim 3, wherein the smoke exhaust loss and ash sensible heat loss are obtained by multiplying the specific heat capacity, the temperature difference and the amount of smoke and ash.
6. The method for determining the unit generating efficiency according to claim 1, wherein the obtaining the unit generating efficiency through the boiler efficiency and the heat consumption of the steam turbine comprises: obtaining the generating efficiency of the unit according to the boiler efficiency and the heat consumption of the steam turbine by the following formula;
wherein eta isBTo boiler efficiency; 3600 is the heat equivalent of electricity, kJ/kW.h; HR is the heat consumption of the steam turbine, kJ/kW.h.
7. The method for determining the unit power generation efficiency according to claim 6, wherein the heat consumption of the steam turbine is obtained by the following formula;
wherein q ism1、h1The main steam flow is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm3、h3The flow rate of hot reheat steam is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm11、h11The boiler feed water flow is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm2、h2The steam flow at the reheating cold end is kg/h, enthalpy, kJ/kg.
8. The method for determining the unit generating efficiency according to claim 1, wherein when the boiler efficiency is calculated according to a traditional counter-balance algorithm, the heat consumption of the steam turbine is obtained by the following formula;
wherein q ism1、h1Is the main steam flow, kgh. Enthalpy, kJ/kg; q. q.sm3、h3The flow rate of hot reheat steam is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm11、h11The boiler feed water flow is kg/h, enthalpy is kJ/kg; q. q.sm2、h2The steam flow at the reheating cold end is kg/h, enthalpy, kJ/kg.
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| "基于湿基氧量的锅炉效率在线计算方法";赵振宁等;《2010年中国电机工程学会年会论文集》;20101125;第1-4页 * |
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