CN105219647A - A kind of wall-breaking method of Ganoderma spore - Google Patents
A kind of wall-breaking method of Ganoderma spore Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of wall-breaking method of Ganoderma spore, the method first carries out pre-treatment with immobilization prozyme, and then adopts superfine communication technique, ultrasonic wave or the process of homogenate method to obtain Ganoderma spore powder with cellular wall broken.The wall-breaking method of Ganoderma spore provided by the invention, different treatment process is screened by great many of experiments, optimize the treatment process that the technology such as immobilization combined-enzyme method and micronizing combine, sporoderm-broken rate can reach 100% at short notice, and the effective constituent such as total triterpene and total polysaccharides solubility rate is higher, clinical taking more easily absorbs, clinical effectiveness is better, and whole technological design is reasonable, easy to operate, can suitability for industrialized production be realized, there is important promotional value and economic benefit.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of processing and treating method of Chinese medicine, and it is high to be specifically related to a kind of sporoderm-broken rate, the wall-breaking method of the Ganoderma spore that active constituent content is higher.
Background technology
Ganoderma spore is that Ganoderma sporophore development later stage launches the sexual cell discharged, in filbert to tawny, avette, double wall, and endosporium is filbert to tawny, bossed spinule, and sclerine is level and smooth, colourless.Ganoderma spore contains the polyose, triterpenes, fatty acid, amino acid, polypeptide class, sterols, the mineral ion isoreactivity composition that more enrich than Ganoderma sporophore.Ganoderma spore is rich in polysaccharide, protein content up to 18%, the wherein rich content of the essential amino acid such as Isoleucine, Methionin, α-amino-isovaleric acid, methionine(Met).Triterpene compound mainly comprises Ganodenic acid A, B, C etc.; Lipid acid mainly comprises linolic acid, oleic acid, arachidonic acid, palm fibre put oleic acid etc., and unsaturated fatty acids is main component, accounts for 61.2% of fatty acid total amount, and these unsaturated fatty acidss have the activity removing DPPH free radical.Modern pharmacology and clinical study results show, Ganoderma spore have strengthen immune, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, protect the liver, serum cholesterol-lowering, hypoglycemic, radioprotective, the function such as antiviral, especially strengthening in the drug effect of immune, Tumor suppression considerably beyond Ganoderma sporophore.
Because Ganoderma spore has abundant effective constituent and pharmacologically active widely, in recent years, be constantly developed about Ganoderma spore product, current Ganoderma spore application mainly contains broken wall and not broken wall two kinds.Human body is extremely difficult after taking the Ganoderma spore of non-broken wall to be digested by hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, is also difficult to be decomposed by the digestive ferment in enteron aisle, causes effective constituent to be difficult to the utilization that is absorbed by the body, therefore in order to make full use of the active substance in Ganoderma spore, need carry out broken wall treatment to spore.Due to the double-wall structure of Ganoderma spore, and there is concentrically ringed layered network, strong but pliable in texture, these macromolecule components are water insoluble, and acid and alkali-resistance, withstand voltage, high temperature resistant, extremely difficultly to decompose, also highly stable to digestive ferment, general method is difficult to broken wall, thus the extraction limited its chemical composition, bioactive ingredients and research.In recent years, domestic and international scientific worker once applying biological method as enzymolysis, Physical is as ultrasonic wave and microwave, chemical method such as the method such as extraction and mechanical process has carried out many-sided research and discovery to breaking trachytectum of glossy ganoderma technique, based on mechanical process in actual processing, destroy Ganoderma spore by rolling, extruding, spray the mechanical effects such as pulverizing, comminution by gas stream and shock, existing result of study shows, Ganoderma spore, after broken wall treatment, is conducive to the extraction of its activeconstituents.The fat of Ganoderma spore powder with cellular wall broken and the content of water-soluble polysaccharide improve 38.9% and 20.8% respectively than not broken wall, polysaccharide and polypeptide more not sporoderm-broken Ganoderma spore are easier to extract, content significantly improves, and the content of triterpene compound is also significantly higher than not sporoderm-broken Ganoderma spore.And after breaking trachytectum of glossy ganoderma, its effective constituent is easier to discharge in human consumption's environment, is easier to the utilization that is absorbed by the body.Exosporium-broken spore polysaccharide is 2.5 times of non-exosporium-broken spore at the solubility rate of simulated intestinal fluid, and triterpene content is about 4 times of non-exosporium-broken spore.But existing method, wall breaking rate of ganoderma lucidum spores is not high, and effective constituent can not fully be absorbed, and is difficult to embody the multicomponent efficacy effect of Ganoderma spore.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of sporoderm-broken rate up to 100%, total triterpene and total polysaccharides solubility rate high, technological design is reasonable, the wall-breaking method of easy to operate Ganoderma spore.
Technical scheme: in order to realize above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A wall-breaking method for Ganoderma spore, is characterized in that, the method first carries out pre-treatment with immobilization prozyme, and then adopts superfine communication technique, ultrasonic wave or the process of homogenate method to obtain Ganoderma spore powder with cellular wall broken.
Preferably, the wall-breaking method of described Ganoderma spore, the method first carries out pre-treatment with immobilization prozyme, and then adopts superfine communication technique process to obtain Ganoderma spore powder with cellular wall broken.
Preferably, the wall-breaking method of described Ganoderma spore, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of immobilization prozyme
Taking vegetable polysaccharides is dissolved in distilled water, be heated to seethe with excitement after dissolving completely, place room temperature cooling, add cellulase, chitinase and dextranase, obtain the mixture of vegetable polysaccharides and enzyme, mixture is instilled in calcium chloride solution, stir, drip off rear standing sclerosis, incline calcium chloride solution, use distilled water wash again, remove floating cavitation Beads, prepare immobilization prozyme;
(2) immobilization prozyme step (1) prepared loads in glass chromatography column, then above immobilization prozyme, add the suspension of Ganoderma spore, collect the effluent liquid of glass chromatography column, concentrated, dry, obtain Ganoderma spore immobilization prozyme pre-treatment thing;
(3) getting the immobilization prozyme pre-treatment thing that step (2) prepares adopts superfine communication technique, ultrasonic wave or homogenate method to carry out physical pulverization process, obtains Ganoderma spore powder with cellular wall broken.
As the scheme be more preferably, the wall-breaking method of above-described Ganoderma spore, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of immobilization prozyme
Take sodium alginate or agar is dissolved in distilled water, be heated to seethe with excitement after dissolving completely, place room temperature cooling, add cellulase, chitinase and dextranase by weight 3:1:1, obtain the mixture of sodium alginate or agar and enzyme, mixture is instilled in calcium chloride solution, stir, drip off rear standing sclerosis, incline calcium chloride solution, use distilled water wash again, remove floating cavitation Beads, prepare immobilization prozyme;
(2) immobilization prozyme step (1) prepared loads in glass chromatography column, then above immobilization prozyme, add the suspension of Ganoderma spore, control temperature 35 ~ 40 DEG C, flow velocity 1.0 ~ 2.0mL/min, collect the effluent liquid of glass chromatography column, concentrating under reduced pressure, drying, obtain Ganoderma spore immobilization prozyme pre-treatment thing;
(3) getting the immobilization prozyme pre-treatment thing that step (2) prepares adopts superfine communication technique to carry out physical pulverization process, obtains Ganoderma spore powder with cellular wall broken.
Preferably, the wall-breaking method of described Ganoderma spore, the time of superfine communication technique process is 10min.
Craft screening is tested:
The present invention with sporoderm-broken rate, effective constituent (total triterpene, total polysaccharides) etc. for Testing index, investigate the impact on wall breaking rate of ganoderma lucidum spores and effective constituent stripping of ultrasonic wave, ball milled, extrusion process, superfine communication technique and the multiple wall breaking technology such as immobilization prozyme and micronizing United Technologies, filter out the best technology for broken wall of Ganoderma spore.
One, the calculating of sporoderm-broken rate: adopt blood counting chamber method, the Ganoderma spore that counting is broken and not broken under 200 times of opticmicroscopes.(A is intact spore number before broken wall to sporoderm-broken rate=[(A-B)/A] × 100%, and B is intact spore number after broken wall.)
Two, ganoderma polyoses content measures
The preparation of reference substance solution gets glucose control product in right amount, accurately weighed, adds water and makes the solution of every 1ml containing 0.1mg, to obtain final product.
The preparation of typical curve respectively precision measures reference substance solution 0.2ml, 0.4ml, 0.6ml, 0.8ml, 1.0ml, 1.2ml, put in 10ml tool plug test tube, add water to 2.0ml, precision adds sulfuric acid anthrone solution, and (precision takes anthrone 0.1g, the sulphuric acid soln 100ml adding 80% makes dissolving, shake up) 6ml, shake up, put in water-bath and heat 15 minutes, take out, put into ice bath cooling 15 minutes, with corresponding reagent for blank, according to ultraviolet visible spectrophotometry (annex VA), absorbancy is measured at 625nm wavelength place, take absorbancy as ordinate zou, concentration is X-coordinate, drawing standard curve.
The preparation of need testing solution is got this product powder and is about 2g, accurately weighed, and put in apparatus,Soxhlet's, add water 90ml, electric heater heating and refluxing extraction is to extracting liquid colourless (5h), and extracting solution is transferred in 100ml measuring bottle, adds water to scale, shakes up, precision measures 10ml, adds ethanol 150ml, shakes up, place 12 hours for 4 DEG C, take out, centrifugal, incline supernatant liquor, and precipitation is dissolved in water, and is transferred in 50ml measuring bottle, add water to scale, shake up, to obtain final product.
Assay method precision measures need testing solution 2ml, put in 10ml tool plug test tube, method under the preparation of sighting target directrix curve, from " precision adds sulfuric acid anthrone solution 6ml ", measure absorbancy in accordance with the law, read the weight (mg) containing glucose in need testing solution from typical curve, calculate, to obtain final product.
Three, the mensuration of Ganoderma spore triterpene content
1, the preparation of reference substance solution
Get ursolic acid reference substance 5mg, accurately weighed, put in 25ml measuring bottle, add acetic acid ethyl dissolution, constant volume, shake up, to obtain final product.
2, the preparation of reference substance solution and the drafting of typical curve
Accurate absorption ursolic acid reference substance (0.2mg/mL) 0,0.1,0.3 respectively, 0.5,0.7,0.9mL, adds 5% Vanillin-Glacial acetic acid 0.4mL and perchloric acid 1.0mL and shakes up after 100 DEG C of water bath methods, in 60 DEG C of heating in water bath 15min, ice bath 3min, adds 5mL Glacial acetic acid and shakes up, and measures absorbancy after placing 15min under 548nm, with first part for blank, drawing standard curve.
3, the preparation of sample solution and mensuration
Get spore powder 0.1g and be placed in 100mL volumetric flask, add the ultrasonic 30min of 90mL ethyl acetate, be cooled to constant volume 100mL after room temperature, filter, get filtrate 1mL and be placed in 15mL test tube, 100 DEG C of water bath methods, after add 5% Vanillin-Glacial acetic acid 0.4mL and perchloric acid 1.0mL and shake up, in 60 DEG C of heating in water bath 15min, ice bath 3min, add 5mL Glacial acetic acid to shake up, after placing 15min, under 548nm, measure absorbancy.
4, the calculating of Ganoderma spore triterpene content
Triterpene content (mg/g)=XV/M
The sample concentration of a certain absorbancy of correspondence of X-check in from reference substance curve, mg/mL; The volume of V-dilution, mL; The quality of M-sample, g.
Four, experimental result
With sporoderm-broken rate, effective constituent (total triterpene, total polysaccharides) etc. for Testing index, investigate the impact of the multiple wall breaking technology such as ultrasonic wave, ball milled, extrusion process, immobilization combined-enzyme method, micronizing on wall breaking rate of ganoderma lucidum spores and effective constituent stripping, set up the preparation technology of sporoderm-broken Ganoderma spore.
After breaking trachytectum of glossy ganoderma, color burn presents brown.The conidial cell wall of the non-broken wall of basis of microscopic observation is smooth complete, plentiful, clear in structure, and individual morphology is consistent, in avette; After broken wall, conidial cell wall is imperfect, content is irregular bulk (as shown in Figure 1).Adopt the method for breaking trachytectum of glossy ganoderma that ultrasonic wave, ball milled, micronizing etc. are different, along with the prolongation of broken time, sporoderm-broken rate of spore presents the trend of rising, and when broken time reaches 45min, sporoderm-broken rate all reaches maximum value (as shown in Figure 2) substantially.Shown by screening experiment result, wherein the shell-broken effect of superfine communication technique is best.Along with the prolongation of broken time, total triterpene and total polysaccharides content present the trend first increasing and reduce afterwards, during 30min, the content of total triterpene and total polysaccharides reaches maximum (as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4), and experimental result shows that wherein micronizing broken wall method is more conducive to the stripping of Ganoderma spore effective constituent.The content of comprehensive analysis sporoderm-broken rate and effective constituent, adopt micronizing broken wall method, broken time 30min, sporoderm-broken rate can reach 96.97%, the stripping quantity of total triterpene and total polysaccharides is respectively 34.16mg/g and 33.88mg/g, improves 160.2% and 390.0% respectively than contrast (total triterpene 13.13 ± 0.72mg/g and total polysaccharides 6.91 ± 0.46mg/g).
The present invention adopts the treatment technology that immobilization combined-enzyme method and micronizing combine in addition, result shows, the time of micronized pulverization significantly can foreshorten to 10min, percentage of damage just can reach 100%, and the content of total polysaccharides and total triterpene is respectively 41.72mg/g and 38.16mg/g, 217.7% and 252.2% is improve respectively than contrast, there is more superior broken wall treatment effect, and significantly can shorten the time of micronized pulverization, the deficiency that the oxidation that can effectively prevent from Ganoderma spore from pulverizing for a long time causing and thermo-labile component destroy.Therefore, the method for breaking trachytectum of glossy ganoderma that the present invention finally preferably obtains carries out pre-treatment for first adopting immobilization prozyme, and then adopts micronizing process.
The present invention is by adopting enzyme immobilization technology, namely after the multiple prozymes such as cellulase, chitinase, lignoenzyme are made immobilized enzyme particle by material such as application agar or sodium alginate etc., load bio-reactor, make enzyme reactor, after Ganoderma spore suspension is added enzyme reactor with certain flow velocity, and discharge lysate with certain flow velocity, realize the high-efficiency and continuous catalytic pyrolysis of enzyme, be conducive to effectively being separated of split product and enzyme molecule, and immobilized enzyme can repeated multiple timesly use, greatly production cost can be reduced.And then the physical techniques such as Ganoderma spore lysate application micronizing, ultrasonic wave, homogenate method are processed, obtain glossy ganoderma cryptogam of high sporoderm-broken rate.
Beneficial effect: compared to the prior art the wall-breaking method of Ganoderma spore provided by the invention has the following advantages:
The wall-breaking method of Ganoderma spore provided by the invention, different treatment process is screened by great many of experiments, optimize the treatment process of immobilization combined-enzyme method and micronizing combination, sporoderm-broken rate can reach 100% at short notice, and the effective constituent such as total triterpene and total polysaccharides solubility rate is higher, clinical taking more easily absorbs, clinical effectiveness is better, and whole technological design is reasonable, easy to operate, can suitability for industrialized production be realized, there is important promotional value and economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the microgram of the micronizing Ganoderma spore of different time.
The histogram that the different breaking method of Fig. 2 affects breaking trachytectum of glossy ganoderma.
Fig. 3 is the histogram that different breaking method affects Ganoderma spore total triterpene contents.
Fig. 4 is the histogram of different breaking method to Ganoderma spore total polysaccharides content influence.
Embodiment
The present invention is illustrated further below in conjunction with specific embodiment, these embodiments should be understood only be not used in for illustration of the present invention and limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, the amendment of those skilled in the art to the various equivalent form of value of the present invention has all fallen within the application's claims limited range.
Embodiment 1
A wall-breaking method for Ganoderma spore, it comprises the following steps:
(1) compound enzyme immobilizatio and catalyzed reaction
Take 5.0g sodium alginate in the beaker of 150mL distilled water, after the dissolving completely that is heated to seethe with excitement, place room temperature and be gradually chilled to about 35 DEG C, add previously prepared good cellulase, chitinase, dextranase (weight ratio 3:1:1) solution 100mL.
(2) sodium alginate-enzyme mixture is extracted with syringe, mixture is slowly instilled in the beaker filling 500mL3.0% calcium chloride solution, beaker is placed on magnetic stirring apparatus and at the uniform velocity stirs simultaneously, drip off rear standing sclerosis 30min, incline calcium chloride solution, with appropriate distilled water wash 3-4 time, after removing floating cavitation Beads, namely prepare immobilized prozyme.
The immobilization prozyme of above-mentioned preparation is loaded in the reactor of glass chromatography column formula, add Ganoderma spore suspension (mass concentration 20%), control temperature 35 DEG C, flow velocity 1.0mL/min, collect effluent liquid, concentrating under reduced pressure, drying, obtain Ganoderma spore immobilization prozyme pre-treatment thing;
(3) get the immobilization prozyme pre-treatment thing that step (2) prepares, adopt superfine communication technique to carry out physical pulverization process 10 minutes, the amplitude of micronizing is 5.5mm, and temperature is 18 DEG C, obtains Ganoderma spore powder with cellular wall broken.
The sporoderm-broken rate checking the Ganoderma spore powder that step (3) prepares as stated above is 100%, and the stripping quantity of total triterpene and total polysaccharides is respectively 34.16mg/g and 33.88mg/g.
The wall-breaking method of embodiment 2 one kinds of Ganoderma spores, it comprises the following steps:
(1) compound enzyme immobilizatio and catalyzed reaction
Take 5.0g agar in the beaker of 150mL distilled water, after the dissolving completely that is heated to seethe with excitement, place room temperature and be gradually chilled to about 35 DEG C, add previously prepared good cellulase, chitinase, dextranase (weight ratio 3:1:1) solution 100mL.
(2) sodium alginate-enzyme mixture is extracted with syringe, mixture is slowly instilled in the beaker filling 500mL3.0% calcium chloride solution, beaker is placed on magnetic stirring apparatus and at the uniform velocity stirs simultaneously, drip off rear standing sclerosis 30min, incline calcium chloride solution, with appropriate distilled water wash 3-4 time, after removing floating cavitation Beads, namely prepare immobilized prozyme.
The immobilization prozyme of above-mentioned preparation is loaded in the reactor of glass chromatography column formula, add Ganoderma spore suspension (mass concentration 20%), control temperature 40 DEG C, flow velocity 2.0mL/min, collect effluent liquid, concentrating under reduced pressure, drying, obtain Ganoderma spore immobilization prozyme pre-treatment thing;
(3) get the immobilization prozyme pre-treatment thing that step (2) prepares, adopt superfine communication technique to carry out physical pulverization process 10 minutes, the amplitude of micronizing is 5.5mm; Temperature is 20 DEG C, obtains Ganoderma spore powder with cellular wall broken.
The sporoderm-broken rate checking the Ganoderma spore powder that step (3) prepares as stated above is 100%, and the stripping quantity of total triterpene and total polysaccharides is respectively 34.21mg/g and 33.92mg/g.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a wall-breaking method for Ganoderma spore, is characterized in that, the method first carries out pre-treatment with immobilization prozyme, and then adopts superfine communication technique, ultrasonic wave or the process of homogenate method to obtain Ganoderma spore powder with cellular wall broken.
2. the wall-breaking method of Ganoderma spore according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the method first carries out pre-treatment with immobilization prozyme, and then adopts superfine communication technique process to obtain Ganoderma spore powder with cellular wall broken.
3. the wall-breaking method of Ganoderma spore according to claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of immobilization prozyme
Taking vegetable polysaccharides is dissolved in distilled water, be heated to seethe with excitement after dissolving completely, place room temperature cooling, add cellulase, chitinase and dextranase, obtain the mixture of vegetable polysaccharides and enzyme, mixture is instilled in calcium chloride solution, stir, drip off rear standing sclerosis, incline calcium chloride solution, use distilled water wash again, remove floating cavitation Beads, prepare immobilization prozyme;
(2) immobilization prozyme step (1) prepared loads in glass chromatography column, then above immobilization prozyme, add the suspension of Ganoderma spore, collect the effluent liquid of glass chromatography column, concentrated, dry, obtain Ganoderma spore immobilization prozyme pre-treatment thing;
(3) get the immobilization prozyme pre-treatment thing that step (2) prepares, adopt superfine communication technique, ultrasonic wave or homogenate method to carry out physical pulverization process, obtain Ganoderma spore powder with cellular wall broken.
4. the wall-breaking method of Ganoderma spore according to claim 3, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of immobilization prozyme
Take sodium alginate or agar is dissolved in distilled water, be heated to seethe with excitement after dissolving completely, place room temperature cooling, add cellulase, chitinase and dextranase by weight 3:1:1, obtain the mixture of sodium alginate or agar and enzyme, mixture is instilled in calcium chloride solution, stir, drip off rear standing sclerosis, incline calcium chloride solution, use distilled water wash again, remove floating cavitation Beads, prepare immobilization prozyme;
(2) immobilization prozyme step (1) prepared loads in glass chromatography column, then above immobilization prozyme, add the suspension of Ganoderma spore, control temperature 35 ~ 40 DEG C, flow velocity 1.0 ~ 2.0mL/min, collect the effluent liquid of glass chromatography column, concentrating under reduced pressure, drying, obtain Ganoderma spore immobilization prozyme pre-treatment thing;
(3) get the immobilization prozyme pre-treatment thing that step (2) prepares, adopt superfine communication technique to carry out physical pulverization process, obtain Ganoderma spore powder with cellular wall broken.
5. the wall-breaking method of Ganoderma spore according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the time of superfine communication technique process is 10min.
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| CN115068424A (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-09-20 | 中农弘仁纳米生物科技(北京)有限公司 | Preparation method and application of nanoscale wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder |
| CN115068424B (en) * | 2022-07-15 | 2024-05-24 | 中农弘仁纳米生物科技(北京)有限公司 | Preparation method and application of nanoscale wall-broken ganoderma lucidum spore powder |
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