CN1052136A - 用于成型金属表面的润滑剂和表面调理剂 - Google Patents

用于成型金属表面的润滑剂和表面调理剂 Download PDF

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CN1052136A
CN1052136A CN90107581A CN90107581A CN1052136A CN 1052136 A CN1052136 A CN 1052136A CN 90107581 A CN90107581 A CN 90107581A CN 90107581 A CN90107581 A CN 90107581A CN 1052136 A CN1052136 A CN 1052136A
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aluminium pot
jar
organic materials
lubricant
alcohol
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CN1029560C (zh
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萨米·B·爱瓦
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Henkel Corp
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Henkel Corp
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Abstract

一种用于成型金属表面，特别是饮料容器的润滑 剂和表面调理剂，该润滑剂和表面调理剂能降低所述 金属表面的静摩擦系数并能使所述金属表面在较低 温度干燥。该调理剂是一种水溶性有机材料，选自磷 酸酯、醇、包括一、二、三和多元酸的脂肪酸、脂肪酸的 衍生物例如盐、羟基酸、酰胺、酯、醚及其衍生物、以及 它们的混合物。

Description

本申请是1987年6月1日申请的流水号为No.057129的部分连续申请。本发明涉及用于成型金属表面的润滑剂和表面调理剂，更具体地说，涉及这样一种润滑剂和表面调理剂，它们能改善铝罐的移动性能而对涂于其上的颜料或油漆与其之间的粘结力无不利影响，并且也能降低于干燥所述表面的烘箱的温度。
铝罐通常用作各种各样产品的容器。在其制备后，该铝罐通常是用酸性洗涤剂清洗以从其上清除铝屑和其他污物。近来，出于环境的考虑和经酸清洗后残留于铝罐上的残留物影响装在罐中饮料香味的可能性，已产生了用碱清洗以去除这种屑和污物的兴趣。然而，铝罐的这种处理通常在铝罐的外表面和内表面导致不同的表面腐蚀率。例如，为在罐内部获得无铝屑的表面所需的最佳条件通常为罐外表面粗糙度的增加而产生在传送带上罐的移动性问题。
当试图通过单一装罐机输送这些铝罐并送到印染机时，这些铝罐的移动性问题特别明显。所以，在铝罐制造工业中，产生了改进铝罐外表面的静摩擦系数以改善它们的移动性而对涂于其上的颜料或油漆的粘结力无不利影响的需要。改善铝罐移动性的原因是在这一工业中为提高生产而不用增加建造新厂房的额外固定投资的一般趋势。增加产量的要求需要铝罐制造商提高他们的生产线和印染机的速度以在每单位时间内增产20%-40%更多的罐。例如，铝罐可以通过印染站的最高速度典型的是平均每分钟约1150罐，而现需要这种速度增加到每分钟约1400-1500罐或更高。
但是，通常不论是经酸性或碱性清洗剂彻底清洗过的铝罐，都具有表面粗糙的特点，所以具有高的静摩擦系数。当试图增加其生产线速度时，这种性质就妨碍了铝罐通过单一装罐机和印染机时的移动性。结果，会发生印染机的误传送问题、频繁堵塞、废时和产量降低以及高的铝罐废品率。
在改善铝罐表面性能方面的其他考虑是关心当铝罐通过至印染或打标记站时是否对其被印染能力有妨碍和不利影响。例如，铝罐清洗后，可在其外表面印刷标记并可在其内表面喷涂清漆。在这种情况下，主要关心的是颜料和清漆的粘结性。
另外，在铝罐制造工业中现代的趋势是直接针对使用较薄尺寸的铝金属坯料。这种降低的铝罐金属坯料尺寸在其制造时出现清洗后，铝罐需要低的干燥烘箱温度以通过柱体强度压力质量控制试验的制造问题。然而，降低干燥烘箱的温度会导致当铝罐到达印染站时不能充分干燥，并引起标记油墨模糊不清和高的铝罐废品率。
所以，需要提供一种能改善铝罐通过装罐机和印染站的移动性能的手段，以增加产量，减少生产线的堵塞，最少费时，减少罐的废品，改善油墨的沉积性能，以及能降低清洗过的铝罐的干燥烘箱温度。因而，本发明的目的是提供改善铝罐移动性能的这种手段，并克服上面提到的那些问题。
除在操作实施例中，或另有说明外，此处所用的表示组分的量或反应条件的全部数据，应认为在所有情况中都用“约”这一用词进行修正。
根据本发明，已经发现了一种用于清洗后铝罐的润滑剂和表面调理剂能提高其移动性并改善其水膜排水和蒸发性能以便能够降低干燥烘箱温度约25-约100°F，而对标记印染工艺无任何不利影响。该润滑剂和表面调理剂降低铝罐外表面的静摩擦系数，使生产线速度有明显增加，另外，对水膜的排水和蒸发速率有显著的改善，导致由于低的能耗而节省了资金，同时又能满足质量控制的要求。
更具体地讲，根据本发明，已经发现在铝罐外表面涂敷一层薄的有机膜作为润滑剂可由此导致低的静摩擦系数，因此提供了改善的铝罐移动性，并且也增加铝罐干燥的速率，并仍能通过质量控制柱体强度压力试验。还已发现，对铝罐的移动性和干燥速率的改善取决于有机膜的厚度或数量，以及涂于铝罐上的物料的化学性质。
根据本发明用于铝罐的润滑剂和表面调理剂可选自水溶性烷氧基化的表面活性剂，如有机磷酸酯类;醇类;脂肪酸类（包括一、二、三和多元酸）;脂肪酸衍生物，如盐类、羟酸类、酰胺类、酯类、醚类及其衍生物;以及它们的混合物。
根据本发明用于铝罐的润滑剂和表面调理剂较佳的是含有水溶性的饱和脂肪酸的衍生物，如乙氧基化的硬脂酸或乙氧基化的异硬脂酸，或其碱金属盐类，如聚氧乙烯化的硬脂酸盐或聚氧乙烯化的异硬脂酸盐。另外，用于铝罐的该润滑剂和表面调理剂可含有具有至少约4个碳原子的水溶性醇，并可含有高达50摩尔的环氧乙烷。当醇含有聚氧乙烯化的油醇（该聚氧乙烯化油醇含有约20摩尔环乙烷/每摩尔醇）时，获得了优良的效果。
另外，根据本发明用于铝罐的润滑剂和表面调理剂可含有磷酸酯或优选的一种乙氧基化烷基醇磷酸脂。这类磷酸酯商业上可从GAF公司，Wayne，New  Tersey得到，商品名为Gafac  PE510，或从Ethox  Chemicals，Inc，Greenvile，S.C.得到，商品名为Ethfac136和Ethfac161。通常，这些有机磷酸酯类可包括含有乙氧基化或不含乙氧基化的烷基和芳基磷酸酯类。
用于铝罐的该润滑剂和表面调理剂可在下述操作过程中涂于铝罐表面：在其洗涤周期中，在其一次处理周期中，在其一次水清洗周期中，或更优选的是在其最后水清洗周期中。另外，该润滑剂和表面调理剂可在其最后水清洗周期之后，即烘箱干燥之前，或烘箱干燥之后，由水或挥发性非易燃溶剂以细雾的形式涂于该罐。已经发现，该润滑剂和表面调理剂可以沉积到铝罐表面以使其具有所需性能。该润滑剂和表面调理剂也可用喷涂和通过化学吸附或物理吸附与铝表面发生反应的方法涂敷以使其具有所需簿膜。
通常，在铝罐洗涤后，在其清洗工序中，铝罐一般是受到酸性水清洗。根据本发明，在此之后铝罐可用含有阴离子表面活性剂如磷酸酯的润滑剂和表面调理剂处理。在这种情况下，处理体系的PH值是重要的，通常应为酸性，即在约1和约6.5之间，优选的在约2.5和约5之间。如果铝罐在经酸性水清洗后，未经本发明的润滑剂和表面调理剂处理，则使铝罐经受自来水清洗，然后再受到去离子水清洗。在这种情况下，该去离子水清洗溶液制备成含有本发明的润滑剂和表面调理剂，该润滑剂和表面调理剂可含有选自上述的聚氧乙烯化的醇类或聚氧基化的脂肪酸类。经这种处理后，在进行其他工序之前，铝罐可通向烘箱以干燥。
涂于铝罐上的润滑剂和表面调理剂的量应足以将铝罐外表面的静摩擦系数降低到约1.5或更低的数值，较好的是降低到约1或更低。一般说来，涂于铝罐外表面的润滑剂和表面调理剂的量在约3毫克/米2-约60毫克/米2的范围内。
为了全面理解本发明，应参照如下实施例，这些实施例仅仅是描述和说明性的，并不限制本发明的范围。
实施例Ⅰ
本实施例说明了用于改善铝罐通过工业铝罐生产装置的导轨和印染站时的自由移动性所需的润滑剂和表面调理剂的量，也表明了该润滑剂和表面调理剂对其外表面上的标记印染和喷涂于其内表面上的清漆的粘结力无不利影响。
由工业铝罐生产厂家获得的未清洗的铝罐用碱性清洗剂清洗，该清洗剂由Parker+Amchem Division，Henkel Corporation，Madison Heights，Michigan，购得，并用该公司的Ridoline
Figure 901075817_IMG1
3060/306工艺清洗。用实验室的小洗涤器35洗涤铝罐，每次洗涤14个。在洗涤器的最后清洗阶段用不同量的润滑剂和表面调理剂处理铝罐，然后在烘箱里干燥。该润滑剂和表面调理剂含有约10%的聚氧乙烯化的异硬脂酸盐活性浓度，该聚氧乙烯化异硬脂酸盐是从Ethox Chemicals，Inc.，Greenville，S.C.购得的商品名为Ethox MI-14的一种与乙氧基化非离子表面活性剂。经处理过的铝罐返回制造厂家以进行生产线速度和印染质量的评价。印染过的铝罐分成两组，每组由4-6个铝罐组成。所有的铝罐都经受如下粘结力试验溶液之一，时间为20分钟：
试验溶液A：在180℃温度下的1%Joy （Joy 为一种Procter和Gamble公司的商用液体餐具洗涤剂）在去离子水：自来水为3∶1中的溶液。
试验溶液B：212°F温度下1%Joy 洗涤剂的去离子水溶液。
将印染过的铝罐与粘结性试验溶液分离后，每个铝罐都用尖锐的金属物交叉划线以将铝线暴露出来，该铝线是通过颜料或清漆而显露出来的，并进行颜料粘结性试验。这种试验包括将Scotch（Scotch是3M公司的注册商标）透明胶带No.610牢固地粘于交叉划线部位，然后用快速撕拉动作反向撕拉该胶带以从交叉划线部位将胶带拉掉。试验结果如下标定：10，优良，当胶带从表面未撕下任何颜料;8，可行;和0，全部毁坏。目视检验铝罐的所有撕下的颜料或清漆痕迹。
另外，用实验室静摩擦试验机测定铝罐的静摩擦系数。这种仪器测定与铝罐表面性质有关的静摩擦。这一试验是通过使用一个斜轨，该斜轨用一恒速马达升起90°弧度，一个卷筒和一根固定于斜轨自由摆动端部的缆绳完成的。一个固定于斜轨底部的托架，用于托住两个水平放置间隔为0.5英寸的铝罐，铝罐盖朝向斜轨的固定端部。第3个铝罐放在这二个铝罐上，罐盖朝向斜轨的自由摆动端部，并且所有三个罐的侧面都排平以使其彼此整齐地在一起。
当斜轨开始运动通过其弧度时，一个计时器则自动开始计时。当斜轨到达使第3个罐自由地从其下面的二个罐上滑动下来的角度时，一个光电开关则关掉该计时器。该时间（以秒计）则是通常所指的“滑动时间”。静摩擦系数等于在铝罐开始滑动的时刻斜轨摆过的角度的正切值。
粘结性试验和静摩擦系数测定结果的平均值汇总于下表1中。
表1
润滑剂和表面调理  粘结性测定  静摩擦
试验号  剂浓度（体积%）  试验溶液  OSW  ISW  ID  系数
1  对比试验（不处理）  -  -  -  -  1.42
2  0.1  B  10  10  10  0.94
3  0.25  A  10  10  10  -
4 0.5 B 9.5＊10 10 0.80
5  0.75  A  10  10  10  0.63
6  1.0  B  10  10  10  0.64
7  2.0  A  10  10  10  0.56
8  5.0  B  10  10  10  0.55
9 1.0 A 9.8＊10 10 0.56
＊在外壁上目视观察到有少量的撕下，主要是接触痕迹。在表1中，OSW代表外壁，ISW代表内壁，ID代表内盖。
简言之，发现涂于清洗过的铝罐上的润滑剂和表面调理剂的浓度甚至以很低浓度使用时，得到了改善的铝罐的自由移动性，并为了降低铝罐的静摩擦系数甚至用20-100倍所需使用浓度的试验中，对标记颜料或内表面的清漆都无不利影响。
实施例Ⅱ
本实施例说明了当以每分钟1260个罐的速度将其通过印染站时实施例Ⅰ中的铝罐润滑剂和表面调理剂在工业铝罐生产中的使用。
铝罐制品用酸性清洗剂
（由Parker+Amchem Division，Henkel Corporation，Madison Heights，Michigan购得的Ridoline
Figure 901075817_IMG5
125CO）清洗，然后用非铬酸盐转化涂料（Alodine
Figure 901075817_IMG6
404）处理。该铝罐制品然后作“滑动试验”，测得其外表面的静摩擦系数约1.63。在这些铝罐通过印染站处理时，这些铝罐可以以每分钟1150-1200罐的速度通过印染站而没有过量的“停堆”，即不适合负载的铝罐事故。在这种情况下，铝罐在其印染的主轴处的负载是不合适的。每一次“停堆”则导致铝罐的损失，由于这些铝罐不能被最后阶段处理所接受而被废弃。
将约1毫升/升的铝罐润滑剂和表面调理剂加入铝罐洗涤器的去离子清洗水系统中，使铝罐外表面静摩擦系数降低到数值为1.46或将其降低原来值的约11%。这些铝罐通过印染后，发现其内部和外部涂层的粘结性都不受润滑剂和表面调理剂的影响。另外，印染机的速度可增高至每分钟1250-1260罐的机械极限而不出现新的问题。
以类似的方式，通过对去离子清洗水系统增加铝罐润滑剂和表面调理剂的浓度，可以降低铝罐的静摩擦系数20%而对其内部和外部涂层的粘结性无不利影响。另外，也可在24小时的试验期间内保持印染机速度连续在每分钟1250罐。
实施例Ⅲ
本实施例说明了用作铝罐润滑剂和表面调理剂基本组分的其他物料的使用。
铝罐用含有PH约12的碱性清洗剂在约105°F清洗约35秒。铝罐清洗后，再用含有各种磷酸酯溶液的三种不同的润滑剂和表面调理剂处理。磷酸酯溶液1含有一种浓度为0.5克/升的磷酸酯（由GAF  Corporation，Wayne，NewJesey购得，商品名为Gafac PE510）。磷酸酯溶液α含有一种浓度为0.5克/升的乙氧基化的烷基醇磷酸酯（由Ethox Chemicals，Inc.，Greenville，S.C.购得，商品名为Ethfac
Figure 901075817_IMG8
161）。磷酸酯溶液3含有一种浓度为1.5克/升的乙氧基化的烷基醇磷酸酯（由Ethox Chemicals，Inc，Greenville，S.C.购得，商品名为Ethfac
Figure 901075817_IMG9
136）。
以静摩擦系数表示的铝罐的移动性测定结果如下：
磷酸酯溶液  PH  静摩擦系数
1  3.6  0.47
2  3.3  0.63
3  2.6  0.77
无  -  1.63
上面提到的磷酸酯溶液都能对铝罐提供一可接受的移动性，但铝罐完全被“水裂纹”覆盖。所希望的是铝罐无此水裂纹，即希望在其上具有一层薄的连续水膜，否则因为这些水裂纹含有大的水滴，水膜则为不均匀和不连续的。为确定其是否对铝罐上的颜料有不利影响，测定了其粘结性能。这就是将涂过油漆的铝罐切开并在含有去离子水∶自来水为3∶1的1%液体餐具洗涤剂溶液（Joy
Figure 901075817_IMG10
）中煮沸10分钟。然后用去离子水清洗该铝罐并干燥。如实施例Ⅰ一样，在铝罐的内壁、外壁和内盖处涂层上刻划8条交叉划线的刻痕线。该刻痕线用胶带覆盖，然后将胶带猛然撕掉。用粘结性数值标定该铝罐。平均值汇总在表2中。
表2
粘结性数值
磷酸酯溶液  OSW  ISW  ID
对比例  10  10  10
1  9.8  6.8  1.0
2  9.8  10  10
3  10  10  10
在表2中，OSW代表外壁ISW代表内壁，ID代表内盖。
对于对比例，可发现在铝罐的内壁、外壁和内盖处均没有撕掉（涂层粘结性的损失）。
对于磷酸酯溶液1，可发现在铝罐的外壁几乎没有撕掉，在内壁基本上撕掉了，在内盖处则完全毁坏。
对于磷酸酯溶液2，可发现在铝罐的外壁几乎没有撕掉，在内壁和内盖处则没有撕掉。
对于磷酸酯溶液3，可发现在铝罐的外壁、内壁和内盖处没有撕掉。
实施例Ⅳ
本实施例说明了本发明的润滑剂和表面调理剂对用其处理过的铝罐的排水性能的影响。
铝罐用酸性清洗剂（Ridoline 125CO，随后用Alodine
Figure 901075817_IMG12
404处理或者只用Ridoline
Figure 901075817_IMG13
125CO）或者用碱性清洗剂溶液（Ridoline
Figure 901075817_IMG14
3060/306工艺）清洗（所有这些产品都是由Parker+Amchem Division，Henkel Corporation，Madison Heights Michigan购得），然后用含有约0.3%的本发明润滑剂和表面调理剂的去离子水清洗。使这样清洗过的铝罐排水30秒后，测定每一个罐上残留的水含量。进行不用润滑剂和表面调理剂的相同试验。试验结果汇总于表3。
表3
排水时间（秒） 残留水（克／每罐）
去离子水 0.3%调理剂
6121830 2.4-3.02.1-3.52.2-3.41.8-3.4 未测2.82.32.3
发现润滑剂和表面调理剂的存在使水从铝罐上排出更均匀，能更长时间地使罐保持无“水裂纹”。
实施例Ⅴ
本实施例说明了烘箱干燥温度对铝罐壁强度的影响。本试验是一种质量控制压力试验，通过测量铝罐弯曲时的压力而测定铝罐的柱强度。结果汇总于表4中。
表4
烘箱温度（°F) 柱强度（Psi)
440400380360 86.2587.7588.2589.25
由表4可看出烘箱干燥温度为380°F时得到的柱体强度比烘箱温度为440°F得到的值增加2Psi。
较高的柱强度试验结果是较好的和所需要的，因为加工好的铝罐的薄壁必须承受其装满碳酸溶液后由内部所施加的压力。相反，具有薄弱壁的铝罐将会表面凸起和变形或可能易破裂或甚至爆炸。已经发现，来自含有本发明的润滑剂和表面调理剂组合物的快的排水结果使其可降低干燥烘箱温度，并因而获得高的柱体强度。更具体地说，为获得充分干燥的清洗过的铝罐，在进入干燥烘箱之前铝罐可进行排水。铝罐在干燥烘箱中的时间典型的为2到3分钟之间，某种程度上取决于生产线的速度，烘箱长度和烘箱温度。为在这一时帧内获得充分干燥的铝罐，烘箱温度典型地为约440°F。但是，在一系列试验中，其中水清洗剂含有0.3%（重量）的本发明的润滑剂和表面调理剂，已经发现其中的烘箱温度低至400°F，获得了满意的干燥的铝罐，然后低至370°F，仍获得了干燥的铝罐。

Claims (11)

1、降低金属罐外表面静摩擦系数并能使所述的罐在较低温度干燥的方法，包括将一种液态润滑剂和表面调理剂组合物涂于所述罐上，该组合物基本上由水溶性有机材料组成，该有机材料选自一种乙氧基化的脂肪酸、一种具有至少约4个碳原子和含有高至每摩尔醇约20摩尔环氧乙烷的醇、和一种乙氧基化的烷基醇磷酸酯，所述的组合物的PH在约1和约6.5之间。
2、根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述较低的温度是降低约25°F至约100°F。
3、根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述的醇是一种含有平均约20摩尔环氧乙烷/每摩尔醇的聚氧乙烯化的油醇。
4、根据权利要求1的方法，其中所述的乙氧基化的脂肪酸是选自由乙氧基化的硬脂酸、乙氧基化的异硬脂酸、及其一种碱金属盐组成的组。
5、根据权利要求1的方法，包括在所述罐经清洗后将所述有机材料涂于所述罐上的步骤。
6、根据权利要求1的方法，包括在所述罐的处理工序中将所述有机材料涂于所述罐上的步骤。
7、根据权利要求1的方法，包括所述罐经清洗后在其最后水清洗工序中将所述有机材料涂于所述罐上的步骤。
8、根据权利要求6的方法，其中所述的处理工序是在PH约1和约6.5之间进行的。
9、根据权利要求6的方法，其中所述的处理工序是在PH约为2.5和约5之间进行的。
10、根据权利要求1的方法，其中涂于所述罐上的所述有机材料的量是所述罐表面的约3毫克/米2至约60毫克/米2。
11、根据权利要求1的方法，其中涂于所述罐上的所述有机材料的量应足以将所述罐的干燥温度降低约25至约100°F。
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