CN105209782A - 风冷式皮带接合器 - Google Patents

风冷式皮带接合器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105209782A
CN105209782A CN201480023525.5A CN201480023525A CN105209782A CN 105209782 A CN105209782 A CN 105209782A CN 201480023525 A CN201480023525 A CN 201480023525A CN 105209782 A CN105209782 A CN 105209782A
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fin
pallet
fan
air
base
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CN105209782B (zh
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蒂莫西·格伦·萧
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Desolate Love Industrial Co Ltd
Shaw Almex Industries Ltd
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Desolate Love Industrial Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/84—Specific machine types or machines suitable for specific applications
    • B29C66/855—Belt splicing machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/16—Cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
    • B29C65/30—Electrical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/114—Single butt joints
    • B29C66/1142—Single butt to butt joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/349—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot
    • B29C66/3494—Cooling the welding zone on the welding spot while keeping the welding zone under pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/432—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms
    • B29C66/4324—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles for making tubular articles or closed loops, e.g. by joining several sheets ; for making hollow articles or hollow preforms for making closed loops, e.g. belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81455—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8181—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81811—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8182—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81821—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/818—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps
    • B29C66/8187—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects
    • B29C66/81871—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
    • B29C66/8242—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives
    • B29C66/82421—Pneumatic or hydraulic drives using an inflatable element positioned between the joining tool and a backing-up part
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C73/00—Repairing of articles made from plastics or substances in a plastic state, e.g. of articles shaped or produced by using techniques covered by this subclass or subclass B29D
    • B29C73/24—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • B29C73/30—Apparatus or accessories not otherwise provided for for local pressing or local heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
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    • B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
    • B30B15/34—Heating or cooling presses or parts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
    • F16G3/00—Belt fastenings, e.g. for conveyor belts
    • F16G3/10—Joining belts by sewing, sticking, vulcanising, or the like; Constructional adaptations of the belt ends for this purpose
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16G—BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES; CHAINS; FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR
    • F16G3/00—Belt fastenings, e.g. for conveyor belts
    • F16G3/16—Devices or machines for connecting driving-belts or the like
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    • B29K2105/25—Solid
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29L2031/709—Articles shaped in a closed loop, e.g. conveyor belts
    • B29L2031/7092—Conveyor belts

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)

Abstract

通过使用具有高表面积的一体翅片的冷却器和使用高效率风扇来将冷却时间减到最少。通过冷却器的低质量和防止热量向外壳传递来将加热时间减到最少。

Description

风冷式皮带接合器
技术领域
本技术涉及用于对传送带执行皮带接合操作的装置。如本文中所描述的装置是便携式的，并且可以被送输到传送机用于实现原位接合的目的。还有，该装置适用于工厂内或车间内用途，以一个接一个地对所制造的皮带进行接合或实现对皮带的维修。
背景技术
该技术是由Shaw-Almex实业有限公司发行的涡流风冷式压机操作说明书中所描述的皮带接合技术的发展，其并入本文中。
在新技术中，接合器包括分别位于待被接合的皮带端之上和之下的顶部台板组件和底部台板组件。两个台板包括相应的压力表面，该压力表面是直接压靠在接合区域(即，压靠在待被接合的皮带的端)的表面。两个台板具有它们自己的加热器，该加热器操作以加热相应的压力表面，并且因此加热皮带。
台板组件中的其中一个的压力表面能够相对于其外壳朝着和远离皮带移动。该台板包括压力袋，其当被充气时，移动台板，并且因此向接合施加压缩压力。另一台板组件中的压力表面是不可移动的。
在一些类型的接合中，所施加的热量和压力用来硫化皮带和接头中的橡胶，但是在当前技术所提供的这些种类的皮带中，通常，皮带是或包括热塑性材料，并且热量用来把物料放入塑性区，使得在冷却时，两端粘结非常牢固。硫化橡胶皮带端所需的温度和压力通常明显更高于用于热塑性皮带的温度和压力。在重型压机和轻型压机之间做出区别，该重型压机足够坚固以执行硫化，并且该轻型压机虽然成本更低，但是能够提供热塑性皮带所需的较低的温度和压力。如本文中所描述的压机是轻型压机。
该技术涉及风冷式压机，并且特别涉及如何能够快速加热接合器的压力表面，并且加热周期之后能够进行冷却。对于快速加热，基本目的是最大限度地减少必须被加热的压机的部分的质量，并且使用高效加热器。对于快速冷却，目的是提供高流量的冷却空气，并且提供暴露于冷却空气的充足平方厘米的熔融金属。
现有技术
接合压机是已知的，其中，压机是空冷式的，并且是已知的，其中，压机是水冷式的。在空冷式压机中，传统上，只有顶部台板已经被冷却。在水冷式压机中，已知的是，冷却这两个台板。然而，设计一种空冷系统不只是简单采取水冷设计并且用空气代替水的问题。这种情况是风冷式接合压机的形状和布局不利于使用空气得到快速加热和冷却时间。
附图说明
现在，参照附图对技术进行进一步描述，其中：
图1是皮带接合器的示意图。
图2是组装后的接合器的平面图。
图3是组装后的接合器的侧剖视图。
图4是示出了接合器的示出分离的顶部和底部外壳的端剖视图。在图4中，正在为接合操作做准备。
图5是接合器的示出端帽移除的端视图，并且该端视图示出了接合器的高性能风扇。在图5中，接合操作正在进行。
图6是接合器的一端的端帽移除的示意图。
图7是与图1相同但顶部外壳移除的视图。
图8是与图7相同但装置的压力袋移除并且盖移除的视图。
图9是接合器的热托盘组件的横截面。(注：为了细节的清楚起见，在图9中，高度尺寸已经被加倍。)
图10是热托盘组件的示意图。
图11是图10的托盘组件的若干个部件和层的分解图。
图12是接合器的组装后的控制器托盘组件的示意图。
图13是接头器的组装后的充气器托盘组件的示意图(从下面看到)。
具体实施方式
附图中所示出的皮带接合器20包括顶部外壳21和底部外壳22。还有，顶部左端帽23、顶部右端帽24、底部左端帽25、和底部右端帽26。外壳21，22是铝制挤出件。顶部端帽23，24螺栓连接到形成在顶部外壳挤出件21中的螺纹插座，对于底部部件，同样也是如此。
在图4中，接合器20正在准备用于接合操作。底部外壳22搁在结实的支撑件上。顶部外壳21在该点处与底部外壳分离。待被接合的皮带27A，27B的端放在底部台板组件28上，并且用夹紧杆29和手柄30夹紧在适当位置。(通常，利用本文中所采用的这种接合技术，皮带端被成形-冲压成锥形指，其在接合区域处互锁。)底部台板组件28的面朝上的顶部表面31与皮带27直接接触。
如图5所示，附接有顶部台板组件32的顶部外壳21被下降到皮带上。顶部台板组件32的面朝下的底部表面33与皮带直接接触。操作员借助于位于接合器的端中的螺丝夹钳34把顶部外壳21固定于底部外壳22。
已经做好电连接，并且已经完成安全检查清单，现在，可以执行接合操作。图5示出了组装状态下的接合器。系绳电缆35(图2和图3)在外壳之间提供电力与传感器信号连接。细绳(未示出)将接合器连接到例如13安培110伏特的交流电源。
接合器20的压力袋36被充气至所需的目标压力，以向皮带的接合区域施加压缩压力。接通接合器中的加热器，并且在预热阶段期间(这花费几分钟)，皮带被加温到目标热温度。当达到热温度时，加热器被操作以在热浸阶段期间(这另花费几分钟)维持热温度。压力袋36在热浸阶段保持充气。热浸完成之后，关断加热器，并且在冷却阶段期间(这又需要几分钟)接通空气鼓风机。压力袋在冷却阶段期间保持充气。
皮带已经冷却到目标冷却温度之后，现在，操作员放气压力袋。操作员从底部外壳23解开顶部外壳21，并且从现在接合的皮带移除两个外壳。
本技术的目的在于减少预热阶段的长度，并且减少冷却阶段的长度，并且因此减少接合操作的总体循环时间。
图7是接合器20的顶部外壳21移除的视图。压力袋36由软管连接到电动空压机37，其可以被操作以充气压力袋。(应当理解，因为袋36的顶部表面抵靠顶部外壳21的表面38(图4)，所以当袋36被加压时，阻止向上充气该袋36)
在图8中，已经移除了压力袋36，从而使冷却器39暴露。冷却器由整体铝块形成，其中，通过加工移除翅片40之间的空间41来形成翅片40。
如图9所示，冷却器39是包括基板42和若干个直立翅片40的单片体。冷却器还包括侧壁43。绝缘塑料(酚醛)材料的盖44被固定于侧壁中的凹部。(图7中盖44已经被移除。)
图9示出了热托盘组件45的若干个部件。图10中示意性地示出了热托盘组件45。图11中分解示出了热托盘组件的部件。
组件45基于钣金(不锈钢)托盘46，具有形成部分顶板的折叠起来的侧壁47和向内折叠的唇部48。(不锈钢托盘46的底部或下表面是顶部台板组件32的面朝下的底部表面33。)接下来，从托盘46的底板向上是(导电)石墨层49。
该石墨层上方是电加热垫50。在垫的电气故障情况下，电绝缘层或膜51置于加热垫50上方和下方。(虽然高度电绝缘，但是膜51几乎对热量传递没有任何阻力。)图9中未示出膜51。
冷却器39搁在加热垫50的顶部上(实际上，在上部膜51的顶部上)。如上文所提及的，塑料盖44(用螺丝)固定于冷却器的侧壁43。盖44与翅片40的尖端接触。因此，当压力袋36被充气时，盖被向下压靠在翅片40，由此翅片正在向皮带传递压力。
在盖44的顶部上是塑料隔热材料层52。当然，当接通加热垫时，冷却器39变热，并且绝缘层52保护压力袋不受该热量影响。
图10是组装后的层的视图，该组装后的层被布置成可滑动到由不锈钢托盘46的形状所产生的空腔。层堆叠(其包括冷却器39)的高度使得，当堆叠已经插入到空腔中时，适配足够紧以将堆叠固持在其中。
图9、图10、图11示出了顶部热托盘组件。底部热托盘组件53是顶部热托盘组件的镜像。
热托盘组件中的石墨层49提供热传导顺从性和一致性，并且目的在于消除不锈钢托盘的底板的底部表面(其是直接接触正在被接合的皮带的接合器的表面33)上的温度差异和梯度。(事实上，操作员常常把非粘合塑料材料的薄片放在底部表面33和皮带之间，以防止粘合。上述单词“直接”应被解释为包括这样的片的可能存在)。
图12示出了控制器子托盘组件59。该组件携带控制部件和连接器，用于从温度和其它传感器中接收信号；以及用于自动控制接合器的阶段和操作以响应于信号的处理器。该托盘滑入底部外壳22。
图13示出了充气子托盘组件60，该充气子托盘组件60携带空压机37，用于充气压力袋38；以及管子或软管，用于连接到同一压力袋38。这个托盘滑入顶部外壳21中。事实上，用于充气托盘组件的滑道62处在顶部外壳的顶板中，并且部件安装在托盘下面。
通过冷却通过顶部和底部冷却器39的翅片40之间的空间41的空气来进行皮带的冷却。空气鼓风机或风扇优选应具有以下特性。
在接合器20中，有两个顶部风扇和两个底部风扇。示例接合器具有接合宽度为1.5米的皮带的能力。(较小的接合器可以设有一个顶部风扇和一个底部风扇。顶部风扇本身、或顶部风扇一起具有以每分钟至少300升的流量乘以特定接合器的最大皮带宽度(MBW)的移动空气的能力。底部风扇或风扇应具有类似的性能。
风扇应是高效率的。优选地，在供有半千瓦或更少的电力时，每个风扇应具有向20psi厘米的水压头递送所述空气流量的能力。
风扇也应是紧凑的，假定顶部和底部外壳的轮廓内部的空间是密封的(atatightpremium)。风扇的外壳具有由容纳与风扇叶片同轴成行的电动机而引起的基本上圆柱形式，并且包括蜗壳腔室和用于收集加压后的空气和将同一加压后的空气传送出风扇的切向出口管子。因此，风扇应该足够小，以适配入6cm×6cm×6cm的立方体盒子。(应当指出，因为出口管子的长度由除风扇外壳和风扇单元的紧凑性之外的标准来确定，所以风扇的出口管子的长度不包括在该尺寸规定内。)
如本文中所描述的，在示例性接合器20中所使用的实际风扇(其中四个)根据目录产品牌号U51DL-024KK-4和产品名称微型径向鼓风机从瑞士的TagelswangenVH-8307，icronelAG(www.micronel.ch)获得，并且从所产生的流量、能量效率、和紧凑性的观点来看，被认为是令人满意的。
图5、图6、图7、图8中示出了顶部风扇的位置，并且图6中的底部风扇中的其中一个。每个风扇附接到冷却器的盖44。刚性管道55的长度被粘结到盖板44的孔中。半柔性管道56的长度紧密适配在刚性管道55的长度上。风扇的出口管子具有这样的直径，出口管子可以插入到半柔性管子的长度中。安装风扇的这种方式简单又非常安全。不需要其它的安装结构，除了将风扇的出口管子推入管道中之外。
冷却器被布置成使得来自风扇的空气被接收到冷却器的翅片之间的空间中，并且沿着冷却器纵向由顶部翅片的布局引导。翅片被布置成通过金属托盘46的侧壁中的开口引导加热后的空气(即，已经执行了其冷却功能的空气)。
冷却器应被构造成使得在冷却阶段期间暴露于风扇吹出的冷却空气的顶部基板和顶部翅片的金属的总表面积是2500平方厘米/米基板，或更多。在示例中，暴露的面积为3800平方厘米/米基板。在示例中，翅片从底板中突出10mm。
从快速加热的观点来看，必须被加热的部件应保持最少。冷却器39必须被加热，并且还有金属托盘46。并且，因为金属托盘被物理地暴露，所以它必须短粗(在示例中，金属板一毫米厚)。因此，钢托盘46的热容量相当大。冷却器的质量很小，但是因为冷却器的热容量越低，它就升温更快，并且所耗费的能量就越少，所以其是有利的(不仅为了接合器的便携性)。传统的接合器中的加热阶段花费例如15或20分钟；在示例中，该时间可以减少到例如4或5分钟。
冷却器的质量优选应不高于11/2千克/米底板。在示例中，铝制冷却器的质量为1千克/米。
减少加热时间的两个主要因素是必须被加热的部件的低热容量，而且因为在新设计中采取了预防措施以保证来自加热器的热量中的尽可能少(和优选无)的热量通过加热外壳而被浪费掉。因此，在本设计中，必须被加热的部件没有接触外壳，因此没有排出，或只有最少的热量到外壳。
在冷却阶段期间，冷却器必须快速将热量传导出皮带。在到达冷却器的基板42的下侧之前，来自皮带的热量必须穿过托盘46的金属，穿过石墨层49，并且穿过加热器垫50，然后，热量在它能够散入通过翅片40之间的空间41的空气中之前，必须通过基板。在空冷式压机中，这些障碍是为什么很难实现快速冷却的原因。在常规的皮带接合器，冷却阶段可以占据例如15或20分钟；在示例性设计中，该时间已经减少到约4分钟。
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本文中所寻求的专利保护范围由所附权利要求限定。附图中示出的并且在本文中所描述的装置和方法是示例。
附图中使用的标记被列为：
20皮带接合器
21顶部外壳
22底部外壳
23顶部左端帽
24顶部右端帽
25底部左端帽
26底部右端帽
27A,27B待被接合的皮带的端
28底部台板组件
29夹紧杆
30夹紧手柄
31底部台板的面朝上的顶部表面
32顶部台板组件
33顶部台板的面朝下的底部表面
34螺丝夹钳
35系绳电缆
36压力袋
37空压机
38顶部外壳的气囊表面
39铝制冷却器
40冷却器的翅片
41翅片之间的空间
42冷却器的基板
43冷却器的侧壁
44冷却器的塑料盖
45热托盘组件
46钣金托盘
47折叠起来的侧壁
48向内折叠的唇部
49石墨层
50电加热垫
51膜
52隔热材料层
53底部热托盘组件
54鼓风机/风扇
55刚性管道，固定到盖44
56半柔性管道
57风扇的出口管子
59控制器子托盘组件
60充气子托盘组件
62顶部外壳的滑道
63托盘的侧壁中的排气口

Claims (19)

1.皮带接合器，用于接合传送带，其包括：
[2]顶部和底部外壳，被构造成具有这样的能力：
[3](a)组装在待被接合的所述皮带端上，能够被所述接合器容纳的所述最大皮带宽度是MBW米；
[4](b)在接合期间，使热量和压力施加到所述接合；
[5](c)在接合之后，与所述皮带分离并且从所述皮带移除；
[6]顶部台板组件，其包括：
[7](a)顶部压力表面，其是在接合操作期间向下压靠在所述皮带接头的顶部的接合器的表面；
[8](b)可操作的顶部加热器，其当被操作以加热所述顶部压力表面时，是有效的；
[9](c)顶部冷却组件，其从所述顶部压力表面吸取热量，因此冷却所述皮带；并且所述顶部冷却组件包括：
[10](c)(i)顶部冷却器，包括具有顶部冷却翅片的顶部基板；
[11](c)(ii)可操作的顶部鼓风机，其当被操作以通过所述顶部冷却器的所述顶部翅片之间的顶部空间吹冷却空气时，是有效的；
[12]底部台板组件，其包括：
[13](a)底部压力表面，其是在接合操作期间向上压靠在所述接头的底部的接合器的表面；
[14](b)可操作的底部加热器，其当被操作以加热所述底部压力表面时，是有效的；
[15](c)底部冷却组件，其从所述底部压力表面吸取热量，因此冷却所述皮带；并且所述底部冷却组件包括：
[16](c)(i)底部冷却器，包括具有底部冷却翅片的底部底板；
[17](c)(ii)可操作的底部鼓风机，其当被操作以通过所述底部冷却器的所述底部翅片之间的底部空间吹冷却空气时，是有效的；
[18]可充气压力袋，和用于用压力下的流体充气同一可充气压力袋；
[19]所述接合器被构造成使得当所述压力袋被充气时，所述顶部和底部压力表面被压在一起时，以向所述接合施加压缩；
[20]控制器，其有效使得：
[21]第一，加热阶段，其中，所述压力袋被充气并且所述顶部和底部加热器被操作以将所述皮带升温到热温度；
[22]第二，定时热浸阶段，其中，所述压力袋保持充气并且所述顶部和底部加热器被操作以维持所述皮带在所述热温度；
[23]第三，冷却阶段，其中，关断所述加热器，所述压力袋保持充气，并且所述顶部和底部鼓风机被操作以冷却所述皮带到冷温度；
[24]第四，关断阶段，当所述皮带是冷的时，其中，关断所述加热器和所述冷却器，放气所述压力袋，并且所述控制器使所述外壳分离并且使所述接合器从所述现在接合的皮带移除。
2.根据权利要求1，其中：
[2]所述顶部鼓风机包括顶部风扇或风扇；
[3]所述顶部风扇本身或所述顶部风扇一起具有以每分钟300升的流量乘以MBW或更多的移动空气的能力；
[4]所述底部鼓风机包括底部风扇或风扇；
[5]所述底部风扇本身或所述底部风扇一起具有以每分钟300升的流量乘以MBW或更多的移动空气的能力；
3.根据权利要求2，其中，每个鼓风机是有效的，在于在供有半千瓦或更少电力时，所述鼓风机能够向20厘米的水压头递送所述空气流量。
4.根据权利要求2，其中，每个鼓风机是紧凑风扇，在于所述风扇的外壳：
[2](a)具有由容纳与所述风扇叶片同轴成行的电动机而引起的基本上圆柱形式；
[3](b)包括蜗壳腔室和用于收集所述加压后的空气和传送同一加压后的空气出所述风扇的切向出口管子；
[4](c)在所述电机和所述蜗壳腔室上但不包括所述出口管子的长度，具有这样的总体尺寸，所述风扇能够适配入6cm×6cm×6cm的立方体盒子。
5.根据权利要求1，其中：
[2]所述顶部翅片和所述顶部基板是单片式；和
[3]所述底部翅片和所述底部基板是单片式。
6.根据权利要求1，其中：
[2]包括所述顶部基板和所述顶部翅片的所述顶部冷却器由整体顶部金属块形成；和
[3]所述顶部翅片通过加工移除所述顶部翅片之间的空间来产生；
[4]包括所述底部基板和所述底部翅片的所述底部冷却器由整体底部铝制块形成；和
[5]所述底部翅片通过加工移除所述底部翅片之间的空间来产生。
7.根据权利要求6，其中，所述金属是铝或具有等于或大于镁的热导率的热导率的其它金属。
8.根据权利要求1，其中：
[2]包括所述顶部基板和一体顶部翅片的所述顶部冷却器的质量不大于1.5千克/米基板；
[3]包括所述底部基板和一体底部翅片的所述底部冷却器的质量不大于1.5千克/米基板。
9.根据权利要求1，其中：
[4]所述顶部冷却器被构造成使得在所述冷却阶段期间暴露于风扇吹出的冷却空气的所述顶部基板和顶部翅片的金属的表面积为2500平方厘米/米基板、或更多；
[5]所述底部冷却器被构造成使得在所述冷却阶段期间暴露于风扇吹出的冷却空气的所述底部基板和底部翅片的金属的表面积为2500平方厘米/米基板、或更多。
10.根据权利要求x，其中：
[2]所述顶部台板组件的顶部热托盘组件包括：
[3]顶部钣金托盘，与直立侧壁一起形成为底板，于其间限定顶部空腔；
[4]所述顶部压力表面是所述顶部钣金托盘的面朝外的表面；
[5]以下部件均从所述底板依序位于所述顶部空腔中：
[6]顶部电加热垫的形式的所述顶部加热器；
[7]所述顶部冷却器；
[8]顶部隔热材料层；
[9]所述底部台板组件的底部热托盘组件包括：
[10]底部钣金托盘，与直立侧壁一起形成为底板，于其间限定底部空腔；
[11]所述底部压力表面是所述底部钣金托盘的面朝外的表面；
[12]以下部件从所述底板依序位于所述底部空腔中；
[13]底部电加热垫的形式的所述底部加热器；
[14]所述底部冷却器；
[15]底部隔热材料层。
11.根据权利要求10，其中：
[2]所述顶部钣金托盘的所述侧壁形成有向内折叠的唇部，由此所述顶部空腔至少部分有顶，并且受限于其高度；
[3]所述顶部热托盘组件被布置成使得所述顶部部件相对于所述顶部空腔滑入/滑出；和
[4]在处置及其使用期间，所述顶部部件一旦被组装到所述顶部钣金托盘中，被固持在其中，并且相对于其阻止移动。
[5]所述底部钣金托盘的所述侧壁形成有向内折叠的唇部，由此所述底部空腔至少部分有顶，并且受限于其高度；
[6]所述底部热托盘组件被布置成使得所述底部组件相对于所述底部空腔滑入/滑出；和
[7]在处置及其使用期间，所述底部组件一旦被组装到所述底部钣金托盘中，被固持在其中，并且相对于其阻止移动。
12.根据权利要求11，其中，所述顶部热托盘组件还包括以下顶部补充层：
[2]顶部薄膜或其它电绝缘材料，位于所述顶部加热器垫和所述顶部底板之间；
[3]顶部薄膜或其它电绝缘材料，位于所述加热器垫和所述顶部冷却器之间；
[4]顶部热均匀性层，位于毗邻所述顶部底板，其中，在由所述压力袋所提供的所述压缩下，所述层的所述材料以这样的方式与所述顶部底板的材料一致，以致明显平均所述底板上的不同点之间的温度差异和梯度；
[5]啮合所述顶部翅片的尖端的顶部盖板，防止空气从所述顶部翅片之间逃逸，并且限制所述吹出的空气沿着所述顶部翅片之间通过；
[6]并且其中，所述底部热托盘组件还包括以下底部补充层：
[2]底部薄膜或其它电绝缘材料，位于所述底部加热器垫和所述底部底板之间；
[3]底部薄膜或其它电绝缘材料，位于所述加热器垫和所述底部冷却器之间；
[4]底部热均匀性层，位于毗邻所述底部底板，其中，在由所述压力袋所提供的所述压缩下，所述层的所述材料以这样的方式与所述底部底板的材料一致，以致明显平均所述底板上的不同点之间的温度差异和梯度；
[5]啮合所述底部翅片的尖端的底部盖板，防止空气从所述底部翅片之间逃逸，并且限制所述吹出的空气沿着所述底部翅片之间通过。
13.根据权利要求1，其中：
[2]所述压力袋位于所述顶部外壳中；
[3]所述压力袋当被充气时，对所述顶部热托盘组件和所述顶部压力表面施用向下力，并且通过所述顶部外壳上的向上力的方式反作用于该力；
[4]所述顶部压力表面相对于所述顶部外壳可上下移动，响应于正在被充气/放气的所述压力袋；
[5]所述顶部热盘组件沿所述方向相对于所述顶部外壳是弹簧加载式的，以塌陷所述压力袋；
[6]当所述压力袋被充气/放气时，所述底部压力表面相对于所述底部外壳保持固定。
14.根据权利要求1，其中：
[2]所述接合器的顶部热托盘组件包括：
[3]顶部钣金托盘，与直立侧壁一起形成为底板，于其间限定顶部空腔；
[4]所述顶部冷却器位于所述顶部空腔中；
[5]所述顶部冷却器被布置成使得吹出的空气被接收到所述顶部冷却器的所述顶部翅片之间的空间中，并且所述翅片分开所接收的空气进入沿着所述顶部冷却器引导所述空气的多个通道中；和
[6]所述顶部翅片被布置成引导通过所述顶部钣金托盘的所述侧壁中的顶部开口从所述通道出来的空气；
[7]所述接合器的底部热托盘组件包括：
[8]底部钣金托盘，与直立侧壁一起形成为底板，于其间限定底部空腔；
[9]所述底部冷却器位于所述底部空腔中；
[10]所述底部冷却器被布置成使得吹出的空气被接收到所述底部冷却器的所述底部翅片之间的空间中，并且所述底部翅片分开所接收的空气进入沿着所述底部冷却器引导所述空气的多个通道中；和
[11]所述底部翅片被布置成引导通过所述底部钣金托盘的所述侧壁中的底部开口从所述通道出来的空气；
15.根据权利要求1，其中：
[2]在准备接合操作期间，所述皮带的待被接合的端被牢牢夹紧到所述底部外壳，该底部外壳是其中所述对应的压力表面不会移动的外壳；和
[3]所述皮带端被布置成使得当所述压力袋被充气并且所述顶部压力表面朝向所述底部压力表面移动时，这样的移动作用使所述皮带端压在一起。
16.根据权利要求1，其中，所述接合器的所述结构使得至少在所述加热和热浸阶段期间：
[2]至于与所述顶部加热器热传导接触的所述顶部台板组件的任何顶部热传导部件，该部件和所述接合器的所述外壳之间基本上不会热传导接触；
[3]至于与所述底部加热器热传导接触的所述底部台板组件的任何底部热传导部件，该部件和所述接合器的所述外壳之间基本上不会热传导接触。
17.根据权利要求1，其中：
[2]所述接合器包括充气子托盘组件，在其上携带用于充气所述压力袋的空压机和用于连接到同一压力袋的管子或软管；
[3]所述接合器包括控制器子托盘组件，在其上携带控制部件和连接器，用于从温度和其它传感器接收信号；以及处理器，用于自动控制所述接合器的所述阶段和操作以响应于所述信号；
[4]所述子托盘组件被构造和布置成滑入/滑出所述外壳中的滑道。
18.根据权利要求17，其中：
[2]所述充气子托盘组件被布置成滑入/滑出所述顶部外壳中的滑道；和
[3]所述控制器子托盘组件被布置成滑入/滑出所述底部外壳中的滑道。
19.根据权利要求14，其中，至于每个风扇，所述风扇被安装到所述热托盘组件中的其中一个，在于：
[2]所述风扇的所述出口管子啮合在半柔性管道的长度的内部；
[3]所述半柔性管道紧密适配在刚性管道的长度上；
[4]所述刚性管道粘接于盖板，其覆盖在所述冷却器的所述翅片和所述翅片之间的空间上；
[5]所述接合器没有对所述风扇任何支撑，除了其出口管子与所述管道的所述啮合。
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