CN105207256A - Photovoltaic micro inverter - Google Patents

Photovoltaic micro inverter Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105207256A
CN105207256A CN201510589539.XA CN201510589539A CN105207256A CN 105207256 A CN105207256 A CN 105207256A CN 201510589539 A CN201510589539 A CN 201510589539A CN 105207256 A CN105207256 A CN 105207256A
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diode
switching tube
converter
capacitance
resonant
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CN105207256B (en
Inventor
周哲
赵波
任西周
刘海军
宋洁
彭傊
田鑫
赵鹏程
刘宗烨
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Smart Grid Research Institute of SGCC
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State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Co Ltd
Smart Grid Research Institute of SGCC
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic micro inverter. The inverter comprises a boost module and an inversion module. The boost module comprises a preceding stage DC-DC converter and an after stage DC-DC converter. A photovoltaic array (PV), the preceding stage DC-DC converter, the after stage DC-DC converter and the inversion module are sequentially connected in series. The preceding stage DC-DC converter achieves maximum power point tracking and voltage lifting through a first Boost circuit and a second Boost circuit, the after stage DC-DC converter is responsible for further lifting the voltage so that the power grid grade can be reached, and the maximum power point tracking is achieved while the step-up ratio is larger than 10. According to the photovoltaic micro inverter, the circuit characteristic that switching loss is small is fully utilized, the high-frequency characteristic of a switched-capacitor circuit is played, and the size and output ripples of a filter can be effectively reduced.

Description

A kind of photovoltaic miniature inverter
Technical field
The invention belongs to electric and electronic technical field, be specifically related to a kind of photovoltaic miniature inverter.
Background technology
In recent years, photovoltaic miniature inverter more and more received publicity with its exclusive advantage.It is that one is connected with single photovoltaic module, and the direct current that photovoltaic exports can be directly converted to the inverter meeting grid-connected conditions alternating current, power is generally between 50 ~ 300W.The power loss that photovoltaic miniature inverter can prevent local shades from causing effectively, reduces installation cost by simplified wiring, utilizes separate framework to improve the global reliability of system.
Photovoltaic DC-to-AC converter can be divided into single step arrangement and two-layer configuration.The inverter of single stage type refers to the photovoltaic power converter realizing MPPT maximum power point tracking control, DC-AC inversion in a power link.It has, and structure is simple, inverter efficiency advantages of higher, but single stage type inverter will realize MPPT maximum power point tracking a power link controls and inversion grid connection control, and control object is many and intercouple, and adds the design difficulty of controller.Although the inverter structure power progression of two-stage type is many, overall efficiency is lower than single stage type inverter, but it can realize the MPPT maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic panel and grid-connected inverters controls separately, avoid the impact of grid-connected inverters work on photovoltaic device power output, have more economic worth on the whole.
The output voltage of the photovoltaic cell of a lot of specification is generally about 30V at present, and micro-inverter just needs the boost function possessing high-gain, and DC voltage is increased to 310V, just can complete inversion grid connection.Common Boost circuit is the highest step-up ratio that can only provide 5 times in actual applications, therefore cannot be applied to Miniature inverter separately.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of photovoltaic miniature inverter, achieving the MPPT maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic cell by arranging boost module, voltage is improved simultaneously and be convenient to direct inversion grid connection; And realizing phase-locked control and DC voltage control by arranging inversion module, inverse of the DC into AC is connected to the grid.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the present invention takes following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of photovoltaic miniature inverter, described inverter comprises boost module and inversion module; Described boost module comprises preceding stage DC-DC converter and rear class DC-DC converter; Photovoltaic array (PV), preceding stage DC-DC converter, rear class DC-DC converter and inversion module are connected successively.
Described preceding stage DC-DC converter comprises input capacitance C 1, the first Boost circuit, the second Boost circuit and output capacitance C 2;
Described input capacitance C 1in parallel with the first Boost circuit, simultaneously in parallel with the second Boost circuit, the first Boost circuit and output capacitance C 2parallel connection, simultaneously the second Boost circuit and output capacitance C 2in parallel.
Described first Boost circuit comprises boost inductance L 1, switching tube Q 1with diode D 1; Described switching tube Q 1adopt N-channel MOS FET;
Described input capacitance C 1with boost inductance L 1be connected and the input of institute's junction connection preceding stage DC-DC converter, described boost inductance L 1with switching tube Q 1connect rear and input capacitance C 1parallel connection, described diode D 1anode connecting valve pipe Q 1drain electrode, diode D 1negative electrode and output capacitance C 2be connected, switching tube Q 1source class and output capacitance C 2be connected.
Described second Boost circuit comprises boost inductance L 2, switching tube Q 2with diode D 2; Described switching tube Q 2adopt N-channel MOS FET;
Described input capacitance C 1with boost inductance L 2be connected and the input of institute's junction connection preceding stage DC-DC converter, described boost inductance L 2with switching tube Q 2connect rear and input capacitance C 1parallel connection, described diode D 2anode connecting valve pipe Q 2drain electrode, diode D 2negative electrode and output capacitance C 2be connected, switching tube Q 2source class and output capacitance C 2be connected.
Described rear class DC-DC converter is resonant switch condenser network;
Described rear class DC-DC converter comprises switching tube Q 3, switching tube Q 4, resonant capacitance C 1a, resonant capacitance C 1b, resonant capacitance C 1c, electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2a, electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2b, electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2c, resonant inductance L r, diode D 1a, diode D 2a, diode D 1b, diode D 2b, diode D 1cand diode D 2c;
Described switching tube Q 3with switching tube Q 4all adopt N-channel MOS FET.
Described switching tube Q 3with switching tube Q 4series connection forms Q 3-Q 4branch road, described Q 3-Q 4branch road connects with the input of rear class DC-DC converter, described switching tube Q 3drain electrode connect the input anode of rear class DC-DC converter, its source electrode connecting valve pipe Q 4drain electrode, described switching tube Q 4source electrode connect the input cathode of rear class DC-DC converter;
Described resonant inductance L rone end connecting valve pipe Q 3source class, its one end connects resonant capacitance C simultaneously 1a, resonant capacitance C 1bwith resonant capacitance C 1c, described diode D 1aanode and switching tube Q 3drain electrode connect, described diode D 1a, diode D 2a, diode D 1b, diode D 2b, diode D 1c, diode D 2cconnect successively according to negative electrode after first anode, with electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2cafter series connection again with Q 3-Q 4branch circuit parallel connection;
Described resonant capacitance C 1aone end and resonant inductance L rconnect, its other end and diode D 1anegative electrode connects; Described resonant capacitance C 1bone end and resonant inductance L rconnect, its other end and diode D 1bnegative electrode connects; Described resonant capacitance C 1cone end and resonant inductance L rconnect, its other end and diode D 1cnegative electrode connects;
Described electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2aone end and diode D 2anegative electrode connects, its other end and switching tube Q 4source electrode connect, described electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2bone end and diode D 2bnegative electrode connects, its other end and pipe Q 4source electrode connect.
Described inversion module adopts full bridge inverter.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) under the first Boost circuit and the second Boost circuit operate in the pattern of discontinuous current mode, under switching tube is operated in zero current turning-on state, switching loss reduces, and the switching tube in resonant switch condenser network is operated in quasi-resonance state, and switching loss reduces;
2) make full use of the electric circuit characteristic that switching loss is little, play the high frequency characteristics of switched-capacitor circuit, volume and the output ripple of filter can be effectively reduced;
3) preceding stage DC-DC converter adopts the first Boost circuit and the second Boost circuit to realize the lifting of MPPT maximum power point tracking and voltage, rear class DC-DC converter is responsible for further lifting voltage and is reached electrical network grade, while step-up ratio is greater than 10, achieve MPPT maximum power point tracking.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of photovoltaic miniature inverter in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is preceding stage DC-DC converter topology structure chart in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is preceding stage DC-DC convertor controls signal and inductive current oscillogram in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is rear class DC-DC converter topology diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the working waveform figure of rear class DC-DC converter in the embodiment of the present invention;
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
The invention provides a kind of photovoltaic miniature inverter, as Fig. 1, described inverter comprises boost module and inversion module; Boost module achieves the MPPT maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic cell, is improved by voltage simultaneously and is convenient to direct inversion grid connection; Inversion module realizes phase-locked control and DC voltage control, and inverse of the DC into AC is connected to the grid.
Boost module comprises preceding stage DC-DC converter and rear class DC-DC converter; Photovoltaic array, preceding stage DC-DC converter, rear class DC-DC converter and inversion module are connected successively.
As Fig. 2, preceding stage DC-DC converter comprises input capacitance C 1, the first Boost circuit, the second Boost circuit and output capacitance C 2;
Described input capacitance C 1in parallel with the first Boost circuit, simultaneously in parallel with the second Boost circuit, the first Boost circuit and output capacitance C 2parallel connection, simultaneously the second Boost circuit and output capacitance C 2in parallel.
Described first Boost circuit comprises boost inductance L 1, switching tube Q 1with diode D 1; Described switching tube Q 1adopt N-channel MOS FET;
Described input capacitance C 1with boost inductance L 1be connected and the input of institute's junction connection preceding stage DC-DC converter, described boost inductance L 1with switching tube Q 1connect rear and input capacitance C 1parallel connection, described diode D 1anode connecting valve pipe Q 1drain electrode, diode D 1negative electrode and output capacitance C 2be connected, switching tube Q 1source class and output capacitance C 2be connected.
Described second Boost circuit comprises boost inductance L 2, switching tube Q 2with diode D 2; Described switching tube Q 2adopt N-channel MOS FET;
Described input capacitance C 1with boost inductance L 2be connected and the input of institute's junction connection preceding stage DC-DC converter, described boost inductance L 2with switching tube Q 2connect rear and input capacitance C 1parallel connection, described diode D 2anode connecting valve pipe Q 2drain electrode, diode D 2negative electrode and output capacitance C 2be connected, switching tube Q 2source class and output capacitance C 2be connected.
First Boost circuit and the separate work of the second Boost circuit, switching tube Q 1and Q 2the duty ratio of control signal is identical with the cycle, control signal phase 180 degree.When switch controlled signal is timing, switching tube is in conducting state, and the inductive current be connected in series increases gradually; When switching tube signal is zero, switching tube is in off state, and the inductive current be connected in series is reduced to 0 with larger speed.The waveform of control signal and inductive current as shown in Figure 3.Can find out, the electric current of the first Boost circuit and the second Boost circuit is all interrupted, but defines continuous print electric current after being connected in parallel and current ripples frequency is doubled.In addition, each switching tube is zero current turning-on, reduces switching loss.
Described rear class DC-DC converter is resonant switch condenser network;
As Fig. 4, described rear class DC-DC converter comprises switching tube Q 3, switching tube Q 4, resonant capacitance C 1a, resonant capacitance C 1b, resonant capacitance C 1c, electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2a, electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2b, electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2c, resonant inductance L r, diode D 1a, diode D 2a, diode D 1b, diode D 2b, diode D 1cand diode D 2c;
Described switching tube Q 3with switching tube Q 4all adopt N-channel MOS FET.
Described switching tube Q 3with switching tube Q 4series connection forms Q 3-Q 4branch road, described Q 3-Q 4branch road connects with the input of rear class DC-DC converter, described switching tube Q 3drain electrode connect the input anode of rear class DC-DC converter, its source electrode connecting valve pipe Q 4drain electrode, described switching tube Q 4source electrode connect the input cathode of rear class DC-DC converter;
Described resonant inductance L rone end connecting valve pipe Q 3source class, its one end connects resonant capacitance C simultaneously 1a, resonant capacitance C 1bwith resonant capacitance C 1c, described diode D 1aanode and switching tube Q 3drain electrode connect, described diode D 1a, diode D 2a, diode D 1b, diode D 2b, diode D 1c, diode D 2cconnect successively according to negative electrode after first anode, with electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2cafter series connection again with Q 3-Q 4branch circuit parallel connection;
Described resonant capacitance C 1aone end and resonant inductance L rconnect, its other end and diode D 1anegative electrode connects; Described resonant capacitance C 1bone end and resonant inductance L rconnect, its other end and diode D 1bnegative electrode connects; Described resonant capacitance C 1cone end and resonant inductance L rconnect, its other end and diode D 1cnegative electrode connects;
Described electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2aone end and diode D 2anegative electrode connects, its other end and switching tube Q 4source electrode connect, described electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2bone end and diode D 2bnegative electrode connects, its other end and pipe Q 4source electrode connect.
It can make input voltage improve 4 times in theory.Meanwhile, this rear class DC-DC converter is by adding a resonant inductance L r, under specific switching frequency, utilize quasi-resonance soft switch effectively to inhibit switching loss.At switching tube Q 3or Q 4when any one is opened, due to the effect of resonant ring, switching tube achieves the mechanism of zero current turning-on.After resonance current reaches peak-peak, be reduced to zero gradually, the action current due to diode can not continue to drop to negative value and form reverse current, and when making shutoff, electric current is zero thus achieves Sofe Switch, improves whole efficiency.
The switching device control signal of resonant switch capacitive transducer, flows through switching tube Q 3, Q 4with resonance inductance L rideal current waveform as shown in Figure 5.At switching tube Q 4service time t 0time, switching tube Q 4conducting, due to resonance, inductance flows through the electric current of sinusoidal form.At current cut-off time t 1time, electric current forward becomes 0, and due to the effect of diode, electric current no longer changes.On-off switching tube Q subsequently 4, at upper pipe service time t 2, switching tube Q 3conducting, inductance flows through the electric current of reverse sinusoidal form, at electric current t reverse deadline 3time, inductive current becomes 0, and due to the effect of diode, electric current no longer changes.Switching tube Q subsequently 3close, when instantly managing conducting again, the time is t 4, repeat the above course of work.The electric current of inductance is at t 0-t 1stage forward sinusoidal variations, t 1-t 2become 0, t 2-t 3reverse sinusoidal variations, t 3-t 4become 0.
Each work period of resonant switch capacitive transducer can be divided into 4 mode, specific as follows:
First mode (t 0-t 1):
T 0moment, Q 4conducting, Q 3turn off.V iwith D 1a, C 1aand L rform loop, t 0moment starts to produce series resonance, and electric current is started from scratch and risen gradually, and changes sinusoidally, when current value reaches zero again, due to D 1aobstruction, electric current can not be reverse, is after this maintained zero.In addition, C 2a, D 1b, C 1b, L rand Q 4and C 2b, D 1c, C 1c, L rand Q 4also identical resonance phenomena is all produced.Therefore, at t omoment, Q 4realize zero current turning-on.Voltage pump rise aspect, V ito C 1acharging, C 2ato C 1bcharge to 2V i, C 2bto C 1ccharge to 3V i, C 2cpowering load.
Second mode (t 1-t 2):
Resonance is at t 1moment stops, and inductive current perseverance during this mode is that zero, two switching tubes are all in off state.Electric capacity C 2cpowering load.
3rd mode (t 2-t 3):
T 1moment, Q 3conducting, Q 4turn off.V iwith D 2a, C 1a, C 2aand L rform loop, t 2moment starts to produce series resonance, and electric current is started from scratch and risen gradually, and changes sinusoidally, when current value is zero again, due to D 2aobstruction, electric current can not be reverse, is after this maintained zero.In addition, V i, C 1b, D 2b, C 2b, L r, Q 3similar loop in series.V ialso pass through Q 1, L r, C 1c, D 2cbe cascaded generation resonance, powers to the load.Therefore, t 2moment Q 4achieve zero current turning-on.Voltage pump rise aspect, V irespectively with C 1a, C 1b, C 1cbe cascaded, by C 2a, C 2b, C 2ccharge to 2V i, 3V i, 4V i.
4th mode (t 3-t 4):
Resonance is at t 3moment stops, and inductive current perseverance during this mode is that zero, two switching tubes are all in off state.Only electric capacity C 2cpowering load again.
The Sofe Switch that can realize in from zero load to full-load range of this resonant switch capacitive transducer, but the selection of its relevant parameter will meet the normal work of following two condition guarantee converter soft switchs.The first, switching frequency should be less than resonance frequency, and switch motion should be carry out after zero through sinusoidal variations at resonance current; The second, the voltage ripple of resonant capacitance should give restriction.
Described inversion module adopts full bridge inverter.Full bridge inverter comprises four switching devices, and two groups of two switching tubes be chained together, are defined as first group and second group.First group of two switching tube centre position connects the one end exchanging outlet side, and second group of two switching tube centre position connects the other end exchanging outlet side.First group of switching tube and second group of switching tube are in parallel, and connect with direct current input.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate that technical scheme of the present invention is not intended to limit; those of ordinary skill in the field still can modify to the specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to above-described embodiment or equivalent replacement; these do not depart from any amendment of spirit and scope of the invention or equivalent replacement, are all applying within the claims of the present invention awaited the reply.

Claims (7)

1. a photovoltaic miniature inverter, is characterized in that: described inverter comprises boost module and inversion module; Described boost module comprises preceding stage DC-DC converter and rear class DC-DC converter; Photovoltaic array, preceding stage DC-DC converter, rear class DC-DC converter and inversion module are connected successively.
2. photovoltaic miniature inverter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described preceding stage DC-DC converter comprises input capacitance C 1, the first Boost circuit, the second Boost circuit and output capacitance C 2;
Described input capacitance C 1in parallel with the first Boost circuit, simultaneously in parallel with the second Boost circuit, the first Boost circuit and output capacitance C 2parallel connection, simultaneously the second Boost circuit and output capacitance C 2in parallel.
3. photovoltaic miniature inverter according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described first Boost circuit comprises boost inductance L 1, switching tube Q 1with diode D 1; Described switching tube Q 1adopt N-channel MOS FET;
Described input capacitance C 1with boost inductance L 1be connected and the input of institute's junction connection preceding stage DC-DC converter, described boost inductance L 1with switching tube Q 1connect rear and input capacitance C 1parallel connection, described diode D 1anode connecting valve pipe Q 1drain electrode, diode D 1negative electrode and output capacitance C 2be connected, switching tube Q 1source class and output capacitance C 2be connected.
4. photovoltaic miniature inverter according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described second Boost circuit comprises boost inductance L 2, switching tube Q 2with diode D 2; Described switching tube Q 2adopt N-channel MOS FET;
Described input capacitance C 1with boost inductance L 2be connected and the input of institute's junction connection preceding stage DC-DC converter, described boost inductance L 2with switching tube Q 2connect rear and input capacitance C 1parallel connection, described diode D 2anode connecting valve pipe Q 2drain electrode, diode D 2negative electrode and output capacitance C 2be connected, switching tube Q 2source class and output capacitance C 2be connected.
5. photovoltaic miniature inverter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described rear class DC-DC converter is resonant switch condenser network;
Described rear class DC-DC converter comprises switching tube Q 3, switching tube Q 4, resonant capacitance C 1a, resonant capacitance C 1b, resonant capacitance C 1c, electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2a, electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2b, electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2c, resonant inductance L r, diode D 1a, diode D 2a, diode D 1b, diode D 2b, diode D 1cand diode D 2c;
Described switching tube Q 3with switching tube Q 4all adopt N-channel MOS FET.
6. photovoltaic miniature inverter according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described switching tube Q 3with switching tube Q 4series connection forms Q 3-Q 4branch road, described Q 3-Q 4branch road connects with the input of rear class DC-DC converter, described switching tube Q 3drain electrode connect the input anode of rear class DC-DC converter, its source electrode connecting valve pipe Q 4drain electrode, described switching tube Q 4source electrode connect the input cathode of rear class DC-DC converter;
Described resonant inductance L rone end connecting valve pipe Q 3source class, its one end connects resonant capacitance C simultaneously 1a, resonant capacitance C 1bwith resonant capacitance C 1c, described diode D 1aanode and switching tube Q 3drain electrode connect, described diode D 1a, diode D 2a, diode D 1b, diode D 2b, diode D 1c, diode D 2cconnect successively according to negative electrode after first anode, with electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2cafter series connection again with Q 3-Q 4branch circuit parallel connection;
Described resonant capacitance C 1aone end and resonant inductance L rconnect, its other end and diode D 1anegative electrode connects; Described resonant capacitance C 1bone end and resonant inductance L rconnect, its other end and diode D 1bnegative electrode connects; Described resonant capacitance C 1cone end and resonant inductance L rconnect, its other end and diode D 1cnegative electrode connects;
Described electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2aone end and diode D 2anegative electrode connects, its other end and switching tube Q 4source electrode connect, described electric capacity of voltage regulation C 2bone end and diode D 2bnegative electrode connects, its other end and pipe Q 4source electrode connect.
7. photovoltaic miniature inverter according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described inversion module adopts full bridge inverter.
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