CN105206879A - Alkaline zinc secondary battery and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Alkaline zinc secondary battery and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105206879A
CN105206879A CN201510724433.6A CN201510724433A CN105206879A CN 105206879 A CN105206879 A CN 105206879A CN 201510724433 A CN201510724433 A CN 201510724433A CN 105206879 A CN105206879 A CN 105206879A
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zinc
secondary battery
alkaline
electrolyte
zinc secondary
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CN105206879B (en
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崔光磊
王天石
胡朴
赵井文
王晓刚
徐红霞
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Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology of CAS
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Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology of CAS
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/28Construction or manufacture
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/26Selection of materials as electrolytes
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/42Alloys based on zinc
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00Electrodes
    • H01M4/02Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/58Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
    • H01M4/581Chalcogenides or intercalation compounds thereof
    • H01M4/5815Sulfides
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Abstract

The invention discloses an alkaline zinc secondary battery, which consists of a positive pole piece, a negative pole piece, aqueous electrolyte and a diaphragm; the method is characterized in that: the positive electrode adopts transition metal sulfide, the negative electrode adopts a zinc metal sheet, and the electrolyte adopts alkaline water system electrolyte containing zinc ions. The invention adopts the transition metal sulfide with low cost and simple synthesis as the anode material, and the assembled water-system zinc secondary battery has the characteristics of high energy density and excellent rate capability, and meets the requirement of the high-performance zinc secondary battery on the comprehensive performance of the anode material.

Description

Alkaline zinc secondary battery and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry, and relates to an alkaline zinc secondary battery and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Lithium ion secondary batteries are one of the choices of portable electronic devices at present and in the future due to their high energy density, good designability and low requirements for operating environment, but with the rapid development and wide application of lithium ion secondary batteries, a new problem comes along, namely, the lithium storage on the earth is limited, and the existing lithium resources cannot supply the growing demand of the development of future lithium ion secondary batteries. Therefore, the development of a novel metal ion secondary battery which is safe and efficient, green and sustainable, rich in reserves and low in price becomes a hot problem of current battery research.
Alkaline zinc batteries have a very important position in the primary battery market due to the advantages of high energy density, low cost, no toxicity, high safety and the like, but few studies on zinc secondary batteries are reported in the world at present. The water system zinc secondary battery adopts water as an electrolyte solvent, and compared with the traditional lithium ion battery, the water system zinc secondary battery avoids the use of an organic electrolyte, greatly saves the cost, and avoids the safety problems of flammability, explosiveness and the like of the organic solvent. Current research on rechargeable zinc secondary batteries has focused primarily on alkaline zinc-manganese batteries. The alkaline zinc-manganese battery adopts transition metal oxide or hydroxide as a positive electrode active material, such as manganese dioxide, nickel oxide, nickel hydroxide and the like, but because the metal oxide has low conductivity and reaction platform (less than 1.75V), the alkaline zinc-manganese battery has the defects of poor rate performance, low energy density and the like when being applied to a zinc secondary battery, and therefore, a zinc secondary battery positive electrode material system with more excellent properties needs to be searched.
The invention uses transition metal sulfide as the positive electrode of the alkaline zinc battery. Compared with the oxide thereof, the transition metal sulfide has higher reaction platform, better conductivity and low price. The secondary zinc battery obtained by the invention has the characteristics of excellent cycle performance and rate capability, high reaction platform and the like, and has wide application prospect and advantages.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an alkaline zinc secondary battery which is safe and environment-friendly, low in price, excellent in rate capability and high in voltage and a preparation method thereof by using transition metal sulfide as a positive electrode material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the alkaline zinc secondary battery is characterized in that the positive electrode adopts transition metal sulfide, the negative electrode adopts zinc alloy, and the electrolyte adopts alkaline water system electrolyte containing soluble zinc salt.
The transition metal sulfide has a chemical formula of M 1x M 2y S z Wherein x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 3, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 3, z is 1,2 or 3, and x and y can not be zero at the same time, M 1 ,M 2 One selected from Ti, V, cr, mn, fe, ni, co, cu, zn, ge, nb, mo, cd, sn, sb, W, pb and Bi.
The negative electrode material of the alkaline zinc secondary battery is zinc alloy with a general formula of Zn 1-x M x Wherein x is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 1, and M is one or more of Ti, mn, fe, cu, co, ni, al and Mo.
The electrolyte of the alkaline zinc secondary battery contains potassium hydroxide.
The concentration of potassium hydroxide in the electrolyte of the alkaline zinc secondary battery is 0.1 to 5mol/L.
The soluble zinc salt in the electrolyte is selected from one or more of zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc fluoride, zinc bromide, zinc acetate, zinc citrate, zinc formate, zinc propionate, zinc acrylate, zinc benzoate, zinc hypochlorite, zinc chlorate and zinc perchlorate.
The molar concentration of the soluble zinc salt is 1 to 50mmol/L.
The diaphragm is one of a single-layer polypropylene film, a polyethylene/polypropylene/polyethylene composite film, a cellulose non-woven diaphragm and glass fiber.
A preparation method of an alkaline zinc secondary battery mainly comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing a positive electrode: uniformly mixing a transition metal sulfide material and a conductive agent according to a certain proportion, pouring the uniformly mixed mixture into a dissolved binder solution according to a certain proportion, mixing into slurry, then coating the slurry on a positive current collector, and preparing into a positive plate through drying, rolling, cutting and vacuum drying;
step two, preparing a negative electrode: mixing zinc alloy powder and a binder polytetrafluoroethylene according to a mass ratio of 9
And step three, assembling a battery, namely assembling the positive pole piece prepared in the step one, the negative pole piece prepared in the step two, the electrolyte and the diaphragm into a battery system.
The conductive agent is carbon black, acetylene black or a mixture of the carbon black and the acetylene black, the binder is one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and styrene butadiene rubber, and the positive current collector is a nickel grid, foamed nickel, a titanium net, a stainless steel net, carbon cloth or carbon paper.
The aqueous alkaline zinc secondary battery obtained by the invention has the advantages of low price, safety, environmental protection, excellent cycle rate performance, high energy density and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a rate-cycle diagram of an alkaline zinc secondary battery in an example of the effect of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a charge-discharge curve of the alkaline zinc secondary battery at different current densities in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
While the following is a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the principle of the embodiments of the present invention, and that these modifications and improvements are also within the scope of the present invention.
Example one
A preparation method of a sodium-ion battery comprises the following steps:
preparing a positive electrode: the positive electrode active material NiS 2 Mixing acetylene black serving as a conductive agent and polytetrafluoroethylene serving as a binder according to a mass ratio of 8.
Preparing a negative electrode: the cathode material Zn 0.1 Mn 0.9 And mixing the binder polytetrafluoroethylene according to the mass ratio of 9 to 1, adding water for dilution, preparing into negative electrode slurry, coating the negative electrode slurry on a stainless steel current collector, drying at 120 ℃, and compacting to prepare the positive electrode plate.
Preparing an aqueous electrolyte:
to a 20mL reagent bottle was added 15mL of deionized water, and 0.1mol/LKOH +5mmol/LZn (Ac) 2 And stirring to obtain a transparent and uniform solution.
An alkaline zinc secondary battery is prepared, comprising:
the positive pole piece comprises a positive active material NiS 2 And a stainless steel current collector, wherein,
a negative electrode plate including a negative active material Zn 0.1 Mn 0.9 And a stainless steel current collector, wherein,
an aqueous electrolyte solution containing 0.1mol/LKOH +5mmol/LZn (Ac) 2 And deionized water.
The membrane was a fiberglass membrane from walker corporation.
The test is carried out by a blue battery tester, and the working test voltage range is 0.8V-1.8V.
Example two
Preparing a positive electrode: the positive active material NiCo 2 S 4 Mixing acetylene black serving as a conductive agent and sodium alginate serving as a binder according to a mass ratio of 8.
Negative electrodePreparation: the cathode material Zn 0.5 Mn 0.5 And mixing the binder polytetrafluoroethylene according to the mass ratio of 9.
Preparing an aqueous electrolyte:
to a 20mL reagent vial was added 15mL of deionized water, 1mol/LKOH +20mmol/LZn (NO) 3 ) 2 And stirring to obtain a transparent and uniform solution.
An alkaline zinc secondary battery is prepared, comprising:
the positive pole piece comprises a positive active material NiCo 2 S 4 And a carbon paper current collector,
a negative electrode plate comprising a negative active material Zn 0.5 Mn 0.5 And a stainless steel current collector, wherein,
an aqueous electrolyte solution containing 1mol/LKOH +20mmol/LZn (NO) 3 ) 2 And deionized water.
The diaphragm is a cellulose non-woven fabric diaphragm.
The test is carried out by a blue battery tester, and the working test voltage range is 0.8V-1.8V.
EXAMPLE III
Preparing a positive electrode: feS as positive electrode active material 2 The conductive agent acetylene black and the adhesive carboxymethylcellulose sodium are mixed according to the mass ratio of 8.
Preparing a negative electrode: the cathode material Zn 0.9 Mn 0.1 And mixing the binder polytetrafluoroethylene according to the mass ratio of 9.
Preparation of an aqueous electrolyte:
to a 20mL reagent bottle was added 15mL deionized water, 2mol/LKOH +50mmol/LZnSO 4 Stirring to obtain a transparent uniform solution.
An alkaline zinc secondary battery is prepared, comprising:
the positive pole piece comprises a positive active material FeS 2 And a carbon cloth current collector,
a negative electrode plate comprising a negative active material Zn 0.9 Mn 0.1 And a stainless steel current collector, wherein,
an aqueous electrolyte solution containing 2mol/LKOH +50mmol/LZnSO 4 And deionized water.
The diaphragm is a single-layer polypropylene diaphragm.
The test is carried out by a blue battery tester, and the working test voltage range is 0.8V-1.8V.
Example four
Preparing a positive electrode: the positive electrode active material MoS 2 The conductive agent acetylene black and the binder butadiene styrene rubber are mixed according to the mass ratio of 8.
Preparing a negative electrode: the cathode material Zn 0.95 Mn 0.05 And mixing the binder polytetrafluoroethylene according to the mass ratio of 9 to 1, adding water for dilution, preparing into negative electrode slurry, coating the negative electrode slurry on a stainless steel current collector, drying at 120 ℃, and compacting to prepare a negative electrode plate.
Preparing an aqueous electrolyte:
to a 20mL reagent bottle was added 15mL of deionized water, 4mol/LKOH +50mmol/LZn (Ac) 2 Stirring to obtain a transparent uniform solution.
An alkaline zinc secondary battery is produced comprising:
the positive pole piece comprises a positive active material MoS 2 And a titanium mesh current collector, wherein,
a negative electrode plate including a negative active material Zn 0.95 Mn 0.05 And a stainless steel current collector, wherein,
an aqueous electrolyte solution of 4mol/LKOH +50mmol/LZn(Ac) 2 And deionized water.
The diaphragm is a cellulose non-woven fabric diaphragm.
The test is carried out by a blue battery tester, and the working test voltage range is 0.8V-1.8V.
EXAMPLE five
Preparing a positive electrode: snS as positive electrode active material 2 The conductive agent acetylene black and the adhesive polyvinylidene fluoride are mixed according to the mass ratio of 8.
Preparing a negative electrode: the cathode material Zn 0.8 Cu 0.2 And mixing the binder polytetrafluoroethylene according to the mass ratio of 9 to 1, adding water for dilution, preparing into negative electrode slurry, coating the negative electrode slurry on a stainless steel current collector, drying at 120 ℃, and compacting to prepare the positive electrode plate.
Preparing an aqueous electrolyte:
to a 20mL reagent bottle was added 15mL of deionized water, 1mol/LKOH +50mmol/LZn (Ac) 2 And stirring to obtain a transparent and uniform solution.
An alkaline zinc secondary battery is prepared, comprising:
the positive pole piece comprises a positive active material SnS 2 And a nickel grid current collector, wherein,
a negative electrode plate comprising a negative active material Zn 0.8 Cu 0.2 And a stainless steel current collector, wherein,
an aqueous electrolyte solution containing 1mol/LKOH +50mmol/LZn (Ac) 2 And deionized water.
The membrane is a polyethylene membrane.
The test is carried out by a blue battery tester, and the working test voltage range is 0.8V-1.8V.
EXAMPLE six
Preparing a positive electrode: mixing a positive electrode active material MnS, a conductive agent acetylene black and a binder polyvinylidene fluoride according to a mass ratio of 8.
Preparing a negative electrode: the cathode material Zn 0.5 Cu 0.5 And mixing the binder polytetrafluoroethylene according to the mass ratio of 9 to 1, adding water for dilution, preparing into negative electrode slurry, coating the negative electrode slurry on a stainless steel current collector, drying at 120 ℃, and compacting to prepare the positive electrode plate.
Preparing an aqueous electrolyte:
to a 20mL reagent vial was added 15mL of deionized water, 1mol/LKOH +20mmol/LZn (NO) 3 ) 2 And stirring to obtain a transparent and uniform solution.
An alkaline zinc secondary battery is produced comprising:
the positive pole piece comprises a positive active material MnS and a foam nickel current collector,
a negative electrode plate including a negative active material Zn 0.5 Cu 0.5 And a stainless steel current collector, wherein,
an aqueous electrolyte solution containing 1mol/LKOH +20mmol/LZn (NO) 3 ) 2 And deionized water.
The diaphragm is a polypropylene/polyethylene/polypropylene composite film.
The test is carried out by a blue battery tester, and the working test voltage range is 0.8V-1.8V.
Effects of the embodiment
The positive active material NiS 2 Uniformly mixing the active carbon with acetylene black and Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) according to the mass ratio of 8 0.1 Mn 0.9 As a negative electrode, 0.1mol/LKOH +5mmol/LZn (Ac) 2 The aqueous solution is used as electrolyte to assemble a test battery, a blue battery test system is adopted to replay at room temperature under different current densities of 0.8 to 2.0V, and the charge-discharge capacity of the battery and the capacity retention rate in the circulation process are tested.
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the present inventionIn the example, the cycle-specific capacity diagram of the battery in the charge-discharge test is carried out under different current densities ranging from 0.8 to 2.0V, and it can be seen that when the current density is increased to 2Ag -1 The capacity is still maintained at 104mAhg -1 Showing excellent rate properties. FIG. 2 is the corresponding charge-discharge curve, and it can be seen that NiS 2 The voltage plateau of the positive electrode of the zinc secondary battery is 1.8V, and the electrochemical window is wider compared with the reported chargeable zinc-manganese battery.

Claims (10)

1. The alkaline zinc secondary battery is composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a diaphragm between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and an electrolyte, and is characterized in that the positive electrode adopts transition metal sulfide, the negative electrode adopts zinc alloy, and the electrolyte adopts alkaline water-based electrolyte containing soluble zinc salt.
2. The alkaline zinc secondary battery of claim 1 wherein the transition metal sulfide has the formula M 1x M 2y S z Wherein x is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 3, y is more than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 3, z is 1,2 or 3, and x and y can not be zero at the same time, M 1 ,M 2 One selected from Ti, V, cr, mn, fe, ni, co, cu, zn, ge, nb, mo, cd, sn, sb, W, pb and Bi.
3. The alkaline zinc secondary battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the negative electrode material of the alkaline zinc secondary battery is a zinc alloy having a general formula of Zn 1-x M x Wherein x is more than or equal to 0.01 and less than or equal to 1, and M is one or more of Ti, mn, fe, cu, co, ni, al and Mo.
4. The alkaline zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the electrolyte of the alkaline zinc secondary battery contains potassium hydroxide.
5. The alkaline zinc secondary battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein the concentration of potassium hydroxide in the electrolyte of the alkaline zinc secondary battery is 0.1 to 5mol/L.
6. The alkaline zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the soluble zinc salt in the electrolyte is selected from one or more of zinc sulfate, zinc nitrate, zinc chloride, zinc fluoride, zinc bromide, zinc acetate, zinc citrate, zinc formate, zinc propionate, zinc acrylate, zinc benzoate, zinc hypochlorite, zinc chlorate and zinc perchlorate.
7. The alkaline zinc secondary battery according to claim 6, wherein the soluble zinc salt has a molar concentration of 1 to 50mmol/L.
8. The alkaline zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, wherein the separator is one of a single-layer polypropylene film, a polyethylene/polypropylene/polyethylene composite film, a cellulose nonwoven separator, and a glass fiber.
9. A method for manufacturing an alkaline zinc secondary battery according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
step one, preparing a positive electrode: uniformly mixing a transition metal sulfide material and a conductive agent according to a certain proportion, pouring the uniformly mixed mixture into a dissolved binder solution according to a certain proportion, mixing into slurry, then coating the slurry on a positive current collector, and preparing into a positive plate through drying, rolling, cutting and vacuum drying;
step two, preparing a negative electrode: mixing zinc alloy powder and a binder polytetrafluoroethylene according to a mass ratio of 9
And step three, assembling a battery, namely assembling the positive plate prepared in the step one, the negative plate prepared in the step two, the electrolyte and the diaphragm into a battery system.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the conductive agent is carbon black, acetylene black or a mixture thereof, the binder is one or more of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, sodium alginate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and styrene butadiene rubber, and the positive current collector is a nickel grid, nickel foam, a titanium mesh, a stainless steel mesh, carbon cloth or carbon paper.
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CN106785029A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-31 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 Pluronic block copolymer based aquagel electrolyte and its application
CN107528066A (en) * 2017-04-10 2017-12-29 南开大学 A kind of water system Zinc ion battery based on carbonyls positive electrode and preparation method thereof
CN109888254A (en) * 2019-03-29 2019-06-14 华中科技大学 A kind of zinc-base cell positive material based on aqueous solution, its preparation and application
CN110265656A (en) * 2019-06-28 2019-09-20 大连海事大学 Aqueous zinc ion secondary battery using elemental sulfur or sulfide as anode
CN110289416A (en) * 2019-06-26 2019-09-27 中南大学 A kind of preparation method of anode material of lithium-ion battery bismuth molybdenum bimetallic sulfide
CN111446508A (en) * 2020-05-01 2020-07-24 浙江大学 High-concentration solution and application and preparation method thereof
CN111509294A (en) * 2020-05-01 2020-08-07 杭州高烯科技有限公司 Preparation method and application of pure inorganic colloid
CN111509306A (en) * 2020-04-26 2020-08-07 河北大学 Electrolyte for rechargeable zinc ion battery, preparation method of electrolyte and rechargeable zinc ion battery
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CN106785029B (en) * 2016-12-27 2020-01-14 中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所 Pluronic block copolymer-based hydrogel electrolyte and application thereof
CN106711501A (en) * 2016-12-30 2017-05-24 东莞市航盛新能源材料有限公司 Novel rechargeable zinc ion battery
CN107528066B (en) * 2017-04-10 2020-10-02 南开大学 Water-based zinc ion battery based on carbonyl compound cathode material and preparation method thereof
CN107528066A (en) * 2017-04-10 2017-12-29 南开大学 A kind of water system Zinc ion battery based on carbonyls positive electrode and preparation method thereof
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