CN109888254B - Zinc-based battery positive electrode material based on aqueous solution, and preparation and application thereof - Google Patents

Zinc-based battery positive electrode material based on aqueous solution, and preparation and application thereof Download PDF

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CN109888254B
CN109888254B CN201910253473.5A CN201910253473A CN109888254B CN 109888254 B CN109888254 B CN 109888254B CN 201910253473 A CN201910253473 A CN 201910253473A CN 109888254 B CN109888254 B CN 109888254B
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zinc
conductive material
aqueous solution
positive electrode
conductive
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CN109888254A (en
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蒋凯
李威
王康丽
程时杰
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of aqueous solution zinc-based batteries, and particularly relates to an aqueous solution-based zinc-based battery positive electrode material, and preparation and application thereof. The active material is elemental iodine, a chalcogenide elemental substance or a compound formed by chalcogenide elements; the conductive material has conductivity and a porous structure; the conductive material not only has a conductive effect, but also can adsorb or coat the active material by utilizing the porous structure of the conductive material, so that the dissolution failure of the active material is avoided. The zinc-based electrolyte can be used as a positive electrode material for a zinc-based battery based on an aqueous solution, particularly can be used as a positive electrode material for a zinc-based battery based on a rechargeable aqueous solution, and has high reversible capacity, energy density and cycling stability.

Description

Zinc-based battery positive electrode material based on aqueous solution, and preparation and application thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aqueous solution zinc-based batteries, and particularly relates to an aqueous solution-based zinc-based battery positive electrode material, and preparation and application thereof.
Background
The aqueous solution zinc-based battery is an aqueous solution battery taking metal zinc as a negative electrode material, and is paid attention to due to the remarkable advantages of low cost, safety, reliability, cleanness, environmental protection and the like.
The aqueous zinc-based battery may be classified into an aqueous zinc-based primary battery and an aqueous zinc-based secondary battery according to the chargeability of the battery. In the aqueous solution zinc-based primary battery (such as a dry battery of a remote controller), the anode material is mainly a transition metal oxide (such as MnO)2NiO and Co3O4). Due to the anode material (such as MnO)2NiO and Co3O4) Is based onThe switching reaction mechanism can realize higher discharge capacity, but the inadequacy severely limits the application occasions. Meanwhile, in the aqueous solution zinc-based secondary battery, most of the anode materials (vanadate and polymer) reported at present are mainly based on an embedded reaction mechanism, but the anode materials are generally low in reversible capacity (vanadate and polymer)<200mAh g-1) Resulting in a low energy density of the battery (<100Wh kg-1)。
In fact, the reversible capacity of zinc is 820mA h g-1If a high capacity can be developed: (>500mAh g-1) The energy density of the water solution zinc-based battery is expected to exceed 200Wh kg-1. Therefore, the development of high-performance positive electrode materials is the key to the practical application of the aqueous solution zinc-based battery.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the invention provides the anode material of the zinc-based battery based on the aqueous solution, and the preparation and the application thereof.
To achieve the above objects, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aqueous zinc-based battery positive electrode material including an active material and a conductive material, wherein,
the active material is elemental iodine, a chalcogenide elemental substance or a compound formed by chalcogenide elements; the conductive material has conductivity and a porous structure;
the conductive material not only has a conductive effect, but also can adsorb or coat the active material by utilizing the porous structure of the conductive material, so that the dissolution failure of the active material is avoided.
Preferably, the sulfur-series simple substance is elemental sulfur, elemental selenium or elemental tellurium.
Preferably, the compound formed by the sulfur series elements is a compound containing two or three elements of sulfur, selenium and tellurium.
Preferably, the conductive material has a pore diameter of not more than 100nm and a specific surface area of not less than 100m2/g。
Preferably, the conductive material is a carbon material, a metallic material or a non-metallic conductive material.
Preferably, the carbon material is one or more of carbon nanotube, activated carbon, graphene, acetylene black and organic pyrolytic carbon.
Preferably, the metal material is one or more of iron, titanium, copper, aluminum, nickel, manganese, cobalt and zinc.
Preferably, the non-metallic conductive material is an oxide and/or nitride.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the conductive material in the positive electrode material is not more than 50%.
According to another aspect of the invention, the preparation method of the cathode material is provided, wherein the active material and the conductive material are mixed, and then heated to 50-500 ℃ under a vacuum sealing condition for heat preservation, so that the cathode material is obtained.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a use of the positive electrode material as a positive electrode material for an aqueous solution-based zinc-based battery.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an aqueous solution-based zinc-based battery including the positive electrode material.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) the composite material is obtained by compounding elemental iodine, elemental sulfur elements or compounds formed by the elemental sulfur elements as active materials with a conductive material with a porous structure, is used as a positive electrode material for a zinc-based battery based on an aqueous solution, can be particularly used as the positive electrode material for a zinc-based battery capable of being filled with the aqueous solution, can give out ultra-high reversible capacity, and exerts the performance of high energy density.
(2) The invention uses elemental sulfur, elemental selenium, elemental tellurium or sulfurCompared with the only existing technology, the compound of two or three elements of selenium and tellurium is taken as an active material, and the compound of elemental sulfur and carbon nano tube is taken as an example, when the compound is taken as an electrode to be applied to the anode of a zinc-based battery capable of being filled with water, the compound has ultrahigh reversible capacity and a reversible conversion reaction mechanism, and the reversible capacity can reach 1105mAh g-1The energy density is up to 501Wh kg-1(ii) a The reversibility of the electrode is superior to that of the existing aqueous solution zinc-based primary battery; the reversible capacity and the high energy density are obviously higher than the prior aqueous solution zinc-based secondary battery.
(3) The electrode material can be used as a positive electrode material to be applied to a rechargeable aqueous solution zinc-based battery, and can also be used as a positive electrode material to be applied to a primary aqueous solution zinc-based battery. The invention discovers for the first time that the composite material can be used as the anode material of the aqueous solution zinc-based battery, and can simultaneously realize high reversible capacity and cycling stability by regulating and controlling the content of the conductive material or the type of the compound.
(4) The anode material of the aqueous zinc-based battery has the characteristic of good electrochemical cycle stability; meanwhile, the material is simple in preparation method, wide in raw material source, low in cost, green, environment-friendly, safe and harmless, and is a material with great application potential.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a charge and discharge curve of the elemental sulfur and carbon nanotube composite material prepared in example 1 of the present invention as an anode material of an aqueous zinc-based battery.
FIG. 2 is a charge and discharge curve of the elemental sulfur and porous iron composite material prepared in example 4 of the present invention as an anode material of an aqueous zinc-based battery.
FIG. 3 is a charge and discharge curve of the elemental selenium and activated carbon composite material prepared in example 7 of the present invention as an anode material of an aqueous zinc-based battery.
FIG. 4 is a charge and discharge curve of the elemental tellurium and activated carbon composite material prepared in example 8 of the present invention as an anode material of an aqueous zinc-based battery.
FIG. 5 shows the cycle performance of the elemental tellurium and activated carbon composite material prepared in example 8 of the present invention as an anode material of an aqueous zinc-based battery.
FIG. 6 is a charge and discharge curve of the selenium sulfide and carbon nanotube composite material prepared in example 9 of the present invention as an anode material of an aqueous zinc-based battery.
FIG. 7 is a charge and discharge curve of the elemental iodine and activated carbon composite material prepared in example 13 of the present invention as an anode material of an aqueous zinc-based battery.
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the cycle performance of the elemental iodine and activated carbon composite material prepared in example 13 according to the present invention as an anode material of an aqueous zinc-based battery.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
The invention provides an aqueous zinc-based battery anode material, which comprises an active material and a conductive material, wherein the active material is elemental iodine, a sulfur element simple substance or a compound formed among sulfur element simple substances; the conductive material has conductivity and a porous structure for adsorbing the active material.
The invention provides a positive electrode material for an aqueous solution zinc-based battery, wherein the active material is elemental iodine, a chalcogenide element elemental substance or a compound formed by chalcogenide elements; the conductive material has conductivity and a porous structure; the conductive material not only has a conductive effect, but also can adsorb or coat the active material by utilizing the porous structure of the conductive material, so that the dissolution failure of the active material is avoided.
In some embodiments, the chalcogenide element-forming compound is a compound containing two or three elements of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium, including selenium disulfide, tellurium disulfide, or tellurium diselenide.
In some embodiments, the conductive material is present in the positive electrode material in a mass percentage of no more than 50%.
The composite material is used as a positive electrode material of an aqueous solution zinc-based battery, the battery is assembled, the performance of the battery is tested, and comparison shows that compared with an elemental iodine material, elemental sulfur, elemental selenium and elemental tellurium or a compound containing two or three elements of sulfur, selenium and tellurium are used as an active material, and the reversible capacity of the prepared battery is higher. In some embodiments, the compound containing two or three elements of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium is selenium disulfide, tellurium disulfide, or tellurium diselenide.
The conductive material has a porous structure, the porous structure plays an important role in the anode material of the aqueous solution zinc-based battery, the battery system is aqueous solution, the active material is powdery, and the active material is in contact with the aqueous solution electrolyte and has the tendency and possibility of dissolving, the conductive material is set to be the porous structure, experiments prove that the conductive material can adsorb and/or coat the active material, so that the active material can stably play the role, the particle size of the conductive material is generally not more than 10 micrometers, and the specific surface area is not less than 100m2Preferably, the pore diameter of the porous structure of the conductive material is not more than 100nm, and the specific surface area is 200-2000 m2And/g, the active material is better adsorbed and/or coated.
The porous conductive material selected by the invention can be purchased in the market, for example, the porous metal can be foam metal, and the aperture is generally less than 100 nm; the carbon nanotubes may be multi-walled carbon nanotubes, typically less than 100nm in diameter.
The active material selected for use in the present invention may be a block or powder material, and the particle size, i.e., the particle diameter, is preferably not greater than 10 μm.
In some embodiments, the conductive material of the present invention is a carbon material, a metallic material, or a non-metallic conductive material. The carbon material can be one or more of carbon nano tube, activated carbon, graphene, acetylene black and organic pyrolytic carbon. The non-metallic conductive material may be an oxide and/or a nitride. The conductive material adopted by the invention mainly plays a conductive role, if the conductivity of the selected conductive material is poor, the conductive effect can be achieved by increasing the mass of the conductive material, but the mass of the conductive material accounts for less than 50% of the total mass of the anode material, otherwise, the battery performance is influenced.
In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the active material to the conductive material is 2:1 to 3: 1.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the cathode material, wherein the active material and the conductive material are mixed and then heated to 50-500 ℃ under a vacuum sealing condition for heat preservation, so that the cathode material is obtained.
The positive electrode material provided by the invention can be used as a positive electrode material for an aqueous solution zinc-based battery. The zinc-based battery can be particularly used as a positive electrode material to be applied to a zinc-based battery capable of being filled with an aqueous solution, can emit ultrahigh reversible capacity and can exert the performance of high energy density.
The invention also provides an aqueous solution-based zinc-based battery, which comprises a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material and an electrolyte, wherein the positive electrode material is a compound of the active material and the conductive material, the negative electrode material and the electrolyte are negative electrode materials and electrolyte components commonly used for the aqueous solution-based zinc-based battery, for example, the negative electrode material can be metal zinc, and the electrolyte can be zinc sulfate, zinc acetate or zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate. Experiments show that the positive electrode material provided by the invention is preferably used under the acidic neutral electrolyte condition, such as pH 5-7, preferably pH 6-7, and the battery performance is better. The pH of the electrolyte can be adjusted by adding an acid-base regulator, and can be controlled within a desired range by selecting a proper electrolyte substance type.
The following are examples:
example 1
1.0g of sulfur powder and 1.0g of carbon nanotubes (pore diameter 50nm, specific surface area 543 m) were weighed2g-1) Grinding and mixing the materials in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the materials in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the materials to 160 ℃, keeping the temperature for 24 hours, and cooling the materials to obtain the single-substance sulfur and carbon nanotube composite material.
According to the following steps of 8: 2, the composite material and PTFE were weighed and mixed in isopropyl alcohol, and then rolled by a roll mill to form a film, which was cut into a disk having a diameter of 8mm, and pressed on a titanium mesh to prepare an electrode. The obtained electrode was used as a positive electrode, a zinc plate was used as a negative electrode, and 1mol/L Zn (CH)3COO)2The aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte to assemble a button cell, the electrochemical performance of the button cell is tested, and the charge-discharge curve is shown in figure 1.
FIG. 1 shows that the prepared electrode is coated with 0.05Ag-1The current density of (2) is 0.05-1.6V (vs. Zn)2+/Zn), has an average discharge potential of 0.5V, 1105mAh g-1Reversible capacity of 501Wh kg-1The energy density of (1).
Example 2
1.0g of sulfur powder and 1.0g of activated carbon (particle size 5 μm, specific surface area 1623 m) were weighed2g-1) Grinding and mixing the materials in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the materials in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the materials to 160 ℃, preserving the heat for 24 hours, and cooling the materials to obtain the elemental sulfur and activated carbon composite material in the embodiment.
Example 3
1.0g of sulfur powder and 0.5g of graphene (specific surface area 985 m) were weighed2g-1) Grinding and mixing the raw materials in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the raw materials in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the raw materials to 160 ℃, preserving the heat for 24 hours, and cooling the raw materials to obtain the elemental sulfur and graphene composite material in the embodiment 3.
Example 4
1.0g of sulfur powder and 1.0g of porous iron powder (particle size 3 μm, specific surface area 425 m) were weighed2g-1) Grinding and mixing the materials in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the materials in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the materials to 160 ℃, preserving the heat for 24 hours, and cooling the materials to obtain the elemental sulfur and metal iron composite material.
Following the procedure in example 1, at 1mol/L Zn (CH)3COO)2The aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte to assemble a button cell, the electrochemical performance of the button cell is tested, and the charge-discharge curve is shown in figure 2. FIG. 2 shows that the electrode obtained was 1A g-1The current density of (2) is 0.05-1.5V (vs. Z)n2+/Zn), has an average discharge potential of 0.5V, 960mAh g-1And a reversible capacity of 453Wh kg-1The energy density of (1).
Example 5
1.0g of sulfur powder and 1.0g of titanium monoxide (TiO, particle size 0.3 μm, specific surface area 533 m) were weighed2g-1) Grinding and mixing the raw materials in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the raw materials in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the raw materials to 160 ℃, preserving the heat for 24 hours, and cooling the raw materials to obtain the composite material of the elemental sulfur and the titanium oxide.
Example 6
1.0g of sulfur powder and 1.0g of copper nitride (CuN) were weighed3Particle size 0.14 μm, specific surface 265m2g-1) Grinding and mixing the raw materials in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the raw materials in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the raw materials to 160 ℃, preserving the heat for 24 hours, and cooling the raw materials to obtain the elemental sulfur and copper nitride composite material in the embodiment 6.
Example 7
1.0g of selenium powder and 1.0g of carbon nanotubes (pore diameter 50nm, specific surface area 543 m) were weighed2g-1) Grinding and mixing the selenium and the carbon nano tube in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the mixture in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the quartz tube to 350 ℃, preserving the heat for 24 hours, and cooling the quartz tube to obtain the elemental selenium and carbon nano tube composite material.
Following the procedure in example 1, at 1mol/L ZnSO4The aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte to assemble a button cell, the electrochemical performance of the button cell is tested, and the charge-discharge curve is shown in figure 3. FIG. 3 shows that the electrode was produced at 0.05A g-1The current density of (2) is 0.1-1.3V (vs. Zn)2+/Zn), has an average discharge potential of 0.6V, and has a discharge potential of 750mAh g-1And 297Wh kg-1The energy density of (1).
Example 8
1.0g of tellurium powder and 1.0g of activated carbon (particle size 5 μm, specific surface area 1623 m) were weighed2g-1) Grinding and mixing the materials in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the materials in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the materials to 400 ℃, preserving the heat for 24 hours, and cooling the materials to obtain the compound of the simple substance tellurium and the active carbon in the embodiment 8And (5) synthesizing the materials.
Following the procedure in example 1, at 1mol/L ZnSO4The aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte to assemble a button cell, the electrochemical performance of the button cell is tested, and the charge-discharge curve is shown in figure 4. FIG. 4 shows that the electrode obtained was 1A g-1The current density of (2) is 0.05-1.6V (vs. Zn)2+/Zn), has an average discharge potential of 0.5V, 412mAh g-1And a reversible capacity of 200Wh kg-1The energy density of (1). The electrode was prepared as 1A g-1The current density of (2) is 0.05-1.6V (vs. Zn)2+The potential interval of/Zn) is shown in FIG. 5. Fig. 5 shows that the capacity of the electrode did not decay after 150 cycles, indicating that the electrode had stable cycling performance.
Example 9
1.0g of selenium sulphide and 1.0g of carbon nanotubes (pore diameter 50nm, specific surface area 543 m) were weighed2g-1) After 30 minutes of grinding and mixing in an agate mortar, the mixture was sealed in a quartz tube under vacuum, heated to 250 ℃ and kept warm for 24 hours, and cooled to obtain the selenium sulfide and carbon nanotube composite material in the example 9.
Following the procedure in example 1, at 1mol/L ZnSO4The aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte to assemble a button cell, the electrochemical performance of the button cell is tested, and the charge-discharge curve is shown in figure 6. FIG. 6 shows that the electrode was produced at 0.05A g-1The current density of (2) is 0.05-1.4V (vs. Zn)2+/Zn), has an average discharge potential of 0.7V, 970mAh g-1And a reversible capacity of 627Wh kg-1The energy density of (1).
Example 10
1.0g of tellurium disulfide and 1.0g of carbon nanotubes (pore diameter 50nm, specific surface area 543 m) were weighed2g-1) Grinding and mixing the materials in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the materials in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the materials to 300 ℃, preserving the heat for 24 hours, and cooling the materials to obtain the tellurium disulfide and carbon nanotube composite material.
Example 11
1.0g of tellurium diselenide and 1.0g of carbon nanotubes (pore diameter 50nm, specific surface area 543 m) were weighed2g-1) Grinding and mixing the materials in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the materials in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the materials to 330 ℃, preserving the heat for 24 hours, and cooling the materials to obtain the tellurium diselenide and carbon nano tube composite material.
Example 12
1.0g of tellurium selenide sulfur (TeSeS) and 1.0g of carbon nanotubes (pore diameter 50nm, specific surface area 543 m) were weighed2g-1) Grinding and mixing the materials in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the materials in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the materials to 300 ℃, preserving the heat for 24 hours, and cooling the materials to obtain the tellurium selenide sulfide and carbon nano tube composite material.
Example 13
1.0g of iodine and 1.0g of activated charcoal (particle size 5 μm, specific surface area 1623 m) were weighed2g-1) Grinding and mixing the materials in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the materials in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the materials to 80 ℃, preserving the heat for 4 hours, and cooling the materials to obtain the elemental iodine and activated carbon composite material.
Following the procedure in example 1, at 2mol/L Zn (CF)3SO3)2The aqueous solution is used as an electrolyte to assemble a button cell, the electrochemical performance of the button cell is tested, and the charge-discharge curve is shown in figure 7. FIG. 7 shows that the electrode was manufactured at 0.1A g-1The current density of (2) is 0.5-1.6V (vs. Zn)2+/Zn), has an average discharge potential of 1.2V, 210mAh g-1Has a reversible capacity of 237Wh kg-1The energy density of (1).
Electrode 2A g-1The cycle performance of the current density of (a) is shown in fig. 8. Fig. 8 shows that the prepared electrode has a capacity retention rate of 54% after 10000 cycles of cycling, indicating that the electrode has excellent cycling stability.
Example 14
1.0g of iodine and 0.3g of acetylene black (particle size 100nm, specific surface area 754 m) were weighed2g-1) Grinding and mixing the materials in an agate mortar for 30 minutes, then sealing the materials in a quartz tube in vacuum, heating the materials to 80 ℃, preserving the heat for 4 hours, and cooling the materials to obtain the elemental iodine and acetylene black composite material.
The method of preparing the composite material suitable for use in the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodimentFor example, elemental sulfur, carbon nanotubes and copper powder are mixed and heated under a vacuum-tight condition to prepare a three-component composite of elemental sulfur, carbon nanotubes and copper. In addition, the compounds containing two or three elements of sulfur, selenium and tellurium need not be stoichiometric ratios with integers but may be non-integer stoichiometric ratios such as Se0.7S1.3The method can be specifically selected according to actual requirements; of course, the parameter conditions and the like in the preparation process also need to be adjusted correspondingly, for example, when Se is prepared0.7S1.3When the selenium-sulfur-selenium-sulfur composite material is mixed with a carbon composite material, selenium powder and sulfur powder can be mixed in advance according to a stoichiometric ratio, then the mixture is mixed with a certain carbon material, and finally the mixture is heated under a vacuum sealing condition to prepare Se0.7S1.3And a carbon composite material. The element content and the property of the compound containing two or three elements of sulfur, selenium and tellurium and the electrochemical performance of the anode material can be comprehensively considered, and the parameter conditions, such as the proportion of different target elements in the compound, can be flexibly adjusted.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (12)

1. Use of a positive electrode material, characterized in that it is used as a positive electrode material for aqueous solution-based zinc-based batteries; the electrolyte adopted by the zinc-based battery based on the aqueous solution is zinc sulfate, zinc acetate or zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate; the positive electrode material includes an active material and a conductive material, wherein,
the active material is a sulfur element simple substance or a compound formed by two or three elements of sulfur, selenium and tellurium; the conductive material has conductivity and a porous structure;
the conductive material not only has a conductive effect, but also can adsorb or coat the active material by utilizing the porous structure of the conductive material, so that the dissolution failure of the active material is avoided;
wherein the sulfur element is elemental selenium or elemental tellurium.
2. The use according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material has a pore size of not more than 100nm and a specific surface area of not less than 100m2/g。
3. The use of claim 1, wherein the conductive material is a metallic material or a non-metallic conductive material.
4. The use according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material is a carbon material.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the carbon material is one or more of carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, graphene, acetylene black and organic pyrolytic carbon.
6. The use according to claim 1, wherein the conductive material is present in the positive electrode material in an amount of not more than 50% by mass.
7. A zinc-based battery based on aqueous solution is characterized by comprising a positive electrode material, and adopted electrolyte is zinc sulfate, zinc acetate or zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate; the positive electrode material includes an active material and a conductive material, wherein,
the active material is a sulfur element simple substance or a compound formed by two or three elements of sulfur, selenium and tellurium; the conductive material has conductivity and a porous structure;
the conductive material not only has a conductive effect, but also can adsorb or coat the active material by utilizing the porous structure of the conductive material, so that the dissolution failure of the active material is avoided;
wherein the sulfur element is elemental selenium or elemental tellurium.
8. The aqueous solution-based zinc-based capacitor of claim 7The cell is characterized in that the pore diameter of the conductive material is not more than 100nm, and the specific surface area of the conductive material is not less than 100m2/g。
9. The aqueous based zinc-based battery of claim 7, wherein the conductive material is a metallic material or a non-metallic conductive material.
10. The aqueous based zinc-based battery of claim 7 wherein the electrically conductive material is a carbon material.
11. The aqueous solution-based zinc-based battery of claim 10, wherein the carbon material is one or more of carbon nanotubes, activated carbon, graphene, acetylene black, and organic pyrolytic carbon.
12. The aqueous based zinc-based battery of claim 7, wherein the conductive material is present in the positive electrode material at a mass percent of no more than 50%.
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