CN105201497A - Well logging method and system based on stratum impedance - Google Patents
Well logging method and system based on stratum impedance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a well logging method and system based on stratum impedance. The method includes the steps that the impedance of a target stratum is measured through a bridge method, and the measured data are sent to a ground receiving module to be stored and displayed in real time; the resistivity information of the target stratum is extracted from the impedance, and with the resistivity as equivalent pure sandstone stratum resistivity of the stratum, the oil saturation of the argillaceous sandstone stratum is determined through the Archie formula according to the equivalent pure sandstone stratum resistivity. Compared with coil method measurement, the method of determining the oil saturation of the argillaceous sandstone stratum through the Archie formula by measuring the resistivity of the stratum has the advantages that measurement is direct, accuracy is high, interference resisting capacity is high, instruments are simple, and the technical difficulty of manufacturing, maintenance and use is low.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to oil or geological exploration technical field, particularly relate to a kind of logging method anti-based on formation resistivity and system.
Background technology
Resistivity logging has the developing history of more than 80 year, is the petroleum geophysics logging method that current technology is the most ripe, largest, range of application is the widest.The birth of Archie formula, sets up reservoir resistivity and oiliness and contacts, and makes resistivity logging be subject to geology men and payes attention to, promoted the development of petroleum well logging technology.But Archie formula draws under the condition in lithology more evenly, not containing shale, hole comparative development, and its muddy ore effect for continental deposit is bad.In decades, log analyst is when muddy ore uses Archie formula, and attempted multiple method, up to now, also do not have a kind of method to have universality, a large amount of research work is still underway.The difficulty of problem is, these meanss of interpretation or model are based upon on areal geology basis mostly, is all experimental, is not of universal significance; Further, the parameter of some models is difficult to determine, such as, cation exchange capacity (CEC) in Waxman-Smith model and " two water " model, ionic mobility, nearly water, far water, specific surface etc.The complex resistivity logging (crl) method that development in recent years is got up, attempts to utilize the complex resistivity of rock to solve problem, but does not also set up the interpretation model based on complex resistivity at present; Collection aspect, also cannot collect the complex resistivity on stratum.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of logging method anti-based on formation resistivity and system.
Electrical impedance well logging is exactly, and resisting, therefrom extracting the real part resistivity information on stratum by measuring formation resistivity, the resistivity using this resistivity as this equivalence clean sandstone stratum, stratum, and then directly utilizes Archie formula to carry out stratum oiliness explanation.The present invention provides a set of Logging Evaluation Method based on the anti-characteristic of Rock resistivity, makes up the limitation of Archie formula when making argillaceous sandstone formation evaluation, forms a kind of new logging method for petroleum exploration & development.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows:
Based on the logging method that formation resistivity is anti-, comprise the steps:
By bridge measurement formation at target locations electrical impedance, survey data is sent to ground receiver module, carries out data storage and show in real time;
The resistivity information of formation at target locations is extracted from described electrical impedance, described resistivity is considered as this stratum equivalence clean sandstone formation resistivity, according to equivalent clean sandstone formation resistivity, utilize Archie formula determination argillaceous sandstone stratum oil saturation, wherein, equivalent clean sandstone formation resistivity is: clean sandstone formation resistivity time identical with the geological characteristics on argillaceous sandstone stratum.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention propose by measure stratum electrical impedance, be equivalent to clean sandstone resistivity with its real part, and then directly by the method for Archie formula determination argillaceous sandstone stratum oil saturation, the limitation of existing empirical method correction Archie formula can be made up; Electric bridge method measures the electrical impedance on stratum, compared to coil method have measure directly, precision is high, antijamming capability is strong, and instrument is simple, the advantage such as to manufacture, the technical difficulty of maintenance and use is little.
On the basis of technique scheme, the present invention can also do following improvement.
Further, by being implemented as of bridge measurement formation at target locations electrical impedance: the formation at target locations electrical impedance of measurement electrode collection is connected in measuring circuit as the unknown brachium pontis of self-balancing bridge, utilize the self-balancing regulatory function of self-balancing bridge that no current in the galvanometer G of self-balancing bridge is passed through, self-balancing bridge reaches equilibrium state, thus obtains the survey data of unknown brachium pontis.
Further, the survey data of described unknown brachium pontis comprises formation at target locations electrical impedance information, is expressed as following plural form:
Z＝R+jX
Wherein, Z is the impedance of rock, and R is the real part resistance (R component) of rock impedance, is produced by conductive electric current; X is the imaginary part (X component) of rock impedance, and produced by displacement current or polarization, X component also claims reactance, comprises capacitive reactance and induction reactance, and in actual formation, induction reactance part can be ignored, and only has the contribution of capacitive reactance in X component.
Further, utilize R component to be multiplied by resistivity that electrode coefficient obtains formation at target locations.
Further, be also included in after measurement electrode collects formation signal by bridge measurement formation at target locations electrical impedance, formation signal carries out amplification filtering process, and the formation signal after amplification filtering process is passed to self-balancing bridge.
Based on the logging system that formation resistivity is anti-, comprise power supply, bridge measurement module, data transmission module, ground receiver module and oil saturation computing module;
Described power supply and bridge measurement model calling, for formation at target locations and bridge measurement module for power supply; Described bridge measurement module, for passing through bridge measurement formation at target locations electrical impedance; Described data transmission module, is sent to ground receiver module for survey data bridge measurement module obtained; Described ground receiver module, the survey data for receiving stores and display in real time; Described oil saturation computing module, for extracting the resistivity information of described formation at target locations from described electrical impedance, using described resistivity as this formation at target locations equivalence clean sandstone formation resistivity, according to equivalent clean sandstone formation resistivity, utilize Archie formula determination argillaceous sandstone stratum oil saturation, wherein, equivalent clean sandstone formation resistivity is: clean sandstone formation resistivity time identical with the geological characteristics on argillaceous sandstone stratum.
On the basis of technique scheme, the present invention can also do following improvement.
Further, described bridge measurement module comprises measurement electrode, self-balancing bridge and single-chip microcomputer, described measurement electrode comprises measurement electrode M and measurement electrode N, measurement electrode M and measurement electrode N is connected on self-balancing bridge, make the stratum between electrode M and electrode N as the unknown brachium pontis of self-balancing bridge, made no current in the galvanometer G of self-balancing bridge pass through by the Self-balancing of self-balancing bridge, self-balancing bridge reaches equilibrium state; The survey data of unknown brachium pontis is flowed to single-chip microcomputer process, the data after process are transferred to ground receiver module by data transmission module.
Further, described bridge measurement module also comprises the loop electrode B ' of two bucking electrode A ' and two bucking electrode A ', and two described bucking electrode A ' are positioned at measurement electrode M both sides, and loop electrode B ' is positioned at the side of two described bucking electrode A '.
Adopt the beneficial effect of above-mentioned further scheme to be: described bucking electrode is that electrode M focuses on, make its electric current more, more in depth flow into stratum, to increase investigation depth and received signal quality.
Further, described power supply is powered to formation at target locations by current electrode, and described current electrode is connected with two inputs of self-balancing bridge.
Further, described data transmission module adopts transmission cable, and described ground receiver module also can print out described survey data as required.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of logging system block diagram anti-based on formation resistivity of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is bridge measurement theory of electrical impedance schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Be described principle of the present invention and feature below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, example, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
The present invention, by measuring the resistivity information on the anti-extraction stratum of formation resistivity, using the resistivity on this resistivity equivalent clean sandstone stratum as this stratum, and then directly utilizes Archie formula to carry out stratum oiliness explanation.
The concept of equivalence clean sandstone formation resistivity: with the geological characteristics homogeneous phase such as degree of porosity, permeability, pore structure, size distribution, specific surface, the connectedness clean sandstone formation resistivity simultaneously on argillaceous sandstone stratum.In the present invention, exactly the real part resistivity of argillaceous sandstone is considered as the clean sandstone formation resistivity under identical geological characteristics condition.
On argillaceous sandstone stratum, conduction factor not only has conductive electric current, also has displacement current.Cation in the anion absorption pore-fluid of shale particle surface forms electric double layer, and electric double layer has capacitive properties, and macroscopical electric capacity on stratum is made up of numerous differential capacitance, and therefore stratum has capacitance-resistance.
In low-frequency range, the electrical impedance of rock can be expressed as following plural form:
Z＝R+jX(1)
In formula: Z is the impedance of rock, R is the real part resistance (R component) of rock impedance, is produced by conductive electric current; X is the imaginary part (X component) of rock impedance, is produced by displacement current or polarization.X component also claims reactance, comprises capacitive reactance and induction reactance, and in actual formation, induction reactance part can be ignored, and only has the contribution of capacitive reactance in X component.
(1) R component in formula is multiplied by electrode coefficient, can obtain the resistivity on stratum, is different by the formation resistivity values that conventional method records under this resistivity value and same electrical polar system, same frequency.On marine sediment stratum, sandstone is purer, and X signal is very little, and the formation resistivity values difference that the resistivity value extracted by R component and conventional method record is little; And on the argillaceous sandstone stratum of continental deposit, due to the existence of shale, X signal is not allowed to ignore, the resistivity value that the formation resistivity values recorded by conventional method is extracted with R component in (1) formula has bigger difference.
The electrical conductivity on argillaceous sandstone stratum, is formed by the conductive electric current of hole ion and the displacement current of shale.According to law of the independent migration of ions, this two parts electric current can be made a distinction by the way measuring Rock resistivity anti-the contribution of rock conductivity.Wherein the real part of electrical impedance is equivalent to the resistivity on this equivalence clean sandstone stratum, stratum, can directly utilize Archie formula to carry out stratum oiliness explanation.Imaginary part is formed due to the existence of shale, and it changes along with the change of the factors such as the shale content in rock, mud distribution state and measuring frequency, and its reflection shale is for the impact of electric conduction of rock.
Logger Formation Resistivity Measurement mainly contains two kinds of modes, and one is electrode approach, carries out formation resistivity measurement using electrode as sensor, as various electric log, laterolog etc., is all the resistivity value directly being measured stratum by measurement electrode; Another kind is coil mode, using coil as sensor, as induction logging, and electromagnetic wave logging etc.
In existing logging method, the logging method of stratum X component information can be provided to only have coil method, and phase place when it can be propagated in the earth formation by electromagnetic wave and changes in amplitude determine the X component on stratum.But coil method instrument in use exists the following problem: one is that coil method equipment anti-interference ability is poor, instrument is complicated, and the technical difficulty of manufacture, maintenance and use is all larger; Two is that coil method instrument just can obtain higher certainty of measurement at higher frequencies, and the formation parameter obtained therefrom can not be directly used in Archie formula, needs to do dispersion correction; Three is coil method instruments is carry out formation parameter calculation by the phase place of Received signal strength and changes in amplitude, substantially belongs to indirect inspection.
The present invention adopts the electrical impedance parameter on bridge measurement stratum, more direct than coil method, and precision is high.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of logging system anti-based on formation resistivity, comprises power supply, bridge measurement module, data transmission module, ground receiver module and oil saturation computing module;
Described power supply and bridge measurement model calling, for formation at target locations and bridge measurement module for power supply; Described bridge measurement module, for passing through bridge measurement formation at target locations electrical impedance; Described data transmission module, is sent to ground receiver module for survey data bridge measurement module obtained; Described ground receiver module, the survey data for receiving stores and display in real time; Described oil saturation computing module, for extracting the resistivity information of described formation at target locations in the electrical impedance from described ground receiver module reception, using described resistivity as this formation at target locations equivalence clean sandstone formation resistivity, according to equivalent clean sandstone formation resistivity, utilize Archie formula determination argillaceous sandstone stratum oil saturation.Wherein, equivalent clean sandstone formation resistivity is: clean sandstone formation resistivity time identical with the geological characteristics on argillaceous sandstone stratum.
Described bridge measurement module comprises measurement electrode, self-balancing bridge and single-chip microcomputer, described measurement electrode comprises measurement electrode M and measurement electrode N, measurement electrode M and measurement electrode N is connected on self-balancing bridge, make the stratum between electrode M and electrode N as the unknown brachium pontis of self-balancing bridge, made no current in the galvanometer G of self-balancing bridge pass through by the Self-balancing of self-balancing bridge, self-balancing bridge reaches equilibrium state; The survey data of unknown brachium pontis is flowed to single-chip microcomputer process, the data after process are transferred to ground receiver module by data transmission module.
Described bridge measurement module also comprises the loop electrode B ' of two bucking electrode A ' and two bucking electrode A ', and two described bucking electrode A ' are positioned at measurement electrode M both sides, and loop electrode B ' is positioned at the side of two described bucking electrode A '.
Described power supply is powered to formation at target locations by current electrode, and described current electrode is connected with two inputs of self-balancing bridge.
Described data transmission module adopts transmission cable, and described ground receiver module also can print out described survey data as required.
Based on the logging method that formation resistivity is anti-, comprise the steps:
By bridge measurement formation at target locations electrical impedance, survey data is sent to ground receiver module, carries out data storage and show in real time;
The resistivity information of formation at target locations is extracted from described electrical impedance, described resistivity is considered as this stratum equivalence clean sandstone formation resistivity, according to equivalent clean sandstone formation resistivity, utilize Archie formula determination argillaceous sandstone stratum oil saturation, wherein, equivalent clean sandstone formation resistivity is: clean sandstone formation resistivity time identical with the geological characteristics on argillaceous sandstone stratum.
By being implemented as of bridge measurement formation at target locations electrical impedance: the formation at target locations electrical impedance of measurement electrode collection is connected in measuring circuit as the unknown brachium pontis of self-balancing bridge, utilize the self-balancing regulatory function of self-balancing bridge that no current in the galvanometer G of self-balancing bridge is passed through, self-balancing bridge reaches equilibrium state, thus obtains the survey data of unknown brachium pontis.
The survey data of described unknown brachium pontis comprises formation at target locations electrical impedance information, is expressed as following plural form:
Z＝R+jX
Wherein, Z is the impedance of rock, and R is the real part resistance (R component) of rock impedance, is produced by conductive electric current; X is the imaginary part (X component) of rock impedance, and produced by displacement current or polarization, X component also claims reactance, comprises capacitive reactance and induction reactance, and in actual formation, induction reactance part can be ignored, and only has the contribution of capacitive reactance in X component.
Utilize R component to be multiplied by resistivity that electrode coefficient obtains formation at target locations.
Also be included in after measurement electrode collects formation signal by bridge measurement formation resistivity is anti-, formation signal carries out amplification filtering process, and the formation signal after amplification filtering process is passed to self-balancing bridge.
Bridge measurement principle
As shown in Figure 2, formation at target locations is considered as the unknown arm of electric bridge, receives in measuring circuit, by regulating unknown brachium pontis impedance, making electric current in galvanometer be zero, resistance and the reactance on stratum can be recorded.Wherein, A, B are current electrodes, and M, N are measurement electrode, and A ' is bucking electrode, and B ' is the loop electrode of A '; Z
1, Z
2known impedance, Z
sbe variableimpedance, Zx is formation impedance to be measured.
A, B the two poles of the earth are powered, a part (I of electric current
2) through Z
2, Z
selectrode B is flowed to from electrode A; Another part electric current (I
1) via Z
1flow to formation at target locations to be measured, form the power supply treating geodetic layer.Because stratum is to electric current I
1inhibition, in the unknown arm of electric bridge, form impedance Z x.Regulate Z
s, make do not have electric current to pass through in galvanometer G, electric bridge reaches equilibrium state.According to principle of balance bridge, now Z
sreal part be the real part resistance R on stratum to be measured, imaginary part is reactance X in stratum to be measured; Real part resistance is multiplied by the resistivity that corresponding electrode coefficient can obtain stratum, that is:
In formula: R is stratum real part resistivity, Ω m; Δ V is potential difference between M, N, mV; I
1the electric current flowing through stratum, mA; K is electrode system geometrical factor.
Table 1 is the rock core resistivity that conventional method is measured, and after doing Shale Correction, the resistivity contrasts's result extracted with impedance method real part, the two has good uniformity, average phase difference 11.21%.Shale Correction Waxman-Smith model.
Table 1
| Rock core number | Degree of porosity % | Conventional method Ro (Ω m) | Impedance method Ro (Ω m) |
| Tai12-16 | 23.1 | 13.66 | 11.58 |
| Tai12-17 | 23.8 | 12.90 | 11.63 |
| Tai12-21 | 22.4 | 10.73 | 11.95 |
| Tai12-22 | 21.6 | 12.77 | 16.43 |
| Tai14-20 | 25.1 | 10.63 | 10.54 |
| Tai108-52 | 25.6 | 11.04 | 13.71 |
| Wei19-3(1) | 16.9 | 22.29 | 20.76 |
| Wei19-3(2) | 18.8 | 17.66 | 15.56 |
| Wei19-7 | 24.1 | 12.49 | 12.08 |
| Wei19-11 | 19.9 | 15.59 | 14.06 |
| Wei19-19 | 22.4 | 11.66 | 11.53 |
| Wei26-12 | 23.0 | 14.28 | 12.31 |
Waxman-Smith model is that logging community generally acknowledges one of better method determining muddy ore oil saturation, and some parameters in model are that laboratory is available, also has some parameter reference correlation theory data.Although Waxman-Smith model does not have universality, in qualitative or believable, therefore table 1 can reflect the correctness that argillaceous sandstone real part resistivity is equivalent to clean sandstone resistivity to a certain extent.The present invention adopts the electrical impedance on bridge measurement stratum, measure directly, and precision is high than coil method; The longitudinal frame of electrical impedance logging system formation of the present invention is 0.5 meter, and radial depth of investigetion is close to 0.5 meter.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1., based on the logging method that formation resistivity is anti-, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
By bridge measurement formation at target locations electrical impedance, survey data is sent to ground receiver module, carries out data storage and show in real time;
From described electrical impedance, extract the resistivity information of formation at target locations, using described resistivity as this stratum equivalence clean sandstone formation resistivity, according to equivalent clean sandstone formation resistivity, utilize Archie formula determination argillaceous sandstone stratum oil saturation; Wherein, equivalent clean sandstone formation resistivity is: clean sandstone formation resistivity time identical with the geological characteristics on argillaceous sandstone stratum.
2. a kind of logging method anti-based on formation resistivity according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, by being implemented as of bridge measurement formation at target locations electrical impedance: the formation at target locations electrical impedance of measurement electrode collection is connected in measuring circuit as the unknown brachium pontis of self-balancing bridge, utilize the self-balancing regulatory function of self-balancing bridge that no current in the galvanometer G of self-balancing bridge is passed through, self-balancing bridge reaches equilibrium state, thus obtains the survey data of unknown brachium pontis.
3. a kind of logging method anti-based on formation resistivity according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the survey data of described unknown brachium pontis comprises formation at target locations electrical impedance information, is expressed as following plural form:
Z＝R+jX
Wherein, Z is the impedance of rock, and R is the real part resistance (R component) of rock impedance, is produced by conductive electric current; X is the imaginary part (X component) of rock impedance, and produced by displacement current or polarization, X component also claims reactance, comprises capacitive reactance and induction reactance, and in actual formation, induction reactance part can be ignored, and only has the contribution of capacitive reactance in X component.
4. a kind of logging method anti-based on formation resistivity according to claim 3, is characterized in that, utilize R component to be multiplied by resistivity that electrode coefficient obtains formation at target locations.
5. a kind of logging method anti-based on formation resistivity according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, also be included in after measurement electrode collects formation signal by bridge measurement formation at target locations electrical impedance, formation signal carries out amplification filtering process, and the formation signal after amplification filtering process is passed to self-balancing bridge.
6., based on the logging system that formation resistivity is anti-, it is characterized in that, comprise power supply, bridge measurement module, data transmission module, ground receiver module and oil saturation computing module;
Described power supply and bridge measurement model calling, for formation at target locations and bridge measurement module for power supply;
Described bridge measurement module, for passing through bridge measurement formation at target locations electrical impedance;
Described data transmission module, is sent to ground receiver module for survey data bridge measurement module obtained;
Described ground receiver module, the survey data for receiving stores and display in real time;
Described oil saturation computing module, for extracting the resistivity information of described formation at target locations from described electrical impedance, using described resistivity as this formation at target locations equivalence clean sandstone formation resistivity, according to equivalent clean sandstone formation resistivity, utilize Archie formula determination argillaceous sandstone stratum oil saturation, wherein, equivalent clean sandstone formation resistivity is: clean sandstone formation resistivity time identical with the geological characteristics on argillaceous sandstone stratum.
7. a kind of logging system anti-based on formation resistivity according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described bridge measurement module comprises measurement electrode, self-balancing bridge and single-chip microcomputer, described measurement electrode comprises measurement electrode M and measurement electrode N, measurement electrode M and measurement electrode N is connected on self-balancing bridge, make the stratum between electrode M and electrode N as the unknown brachium pontis of self-balancing bridge, made no current in the galvanometer G of self-balancing bridge pass through by the Self-balancing of self-balancing bridge, self-balancing bridge reaches equilibrium state; The survey data of unknown brachium pontis is flowed to single-chip microcomputer process, the data after process are transferred to ground receiver module by data transmission module.
8. a kind of logging system anti-based on formation resistivity according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, described bridge measurement module also comprises the loop electrode B ' of two bucking electrode A ' and two bucking electrode A ', two described bucking electrode A ' are positioned at measurement electrode M both sides, and loop electrode B ' is positioned at the side of two described bucking electrode A '.
9. a kind of logging system anti-based on formation resistivity according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described power supply is powered to formation at target locations by current electrode, and described current electrode is connected with two inputs of self-balancing bridge.
10. a kind of logging system anti-based on formation resistivity according to claim 6, it is characterized in that, described data transmission module adopts transmission cable, and described ground receiver module also can print out described survey data as required.
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| CN115749758A (en) * | 2022-11-14 | 2023-03-07 | 常州大学 | Experimental device and method for monitoring oil saturation in real time in thickened oil exploitation |
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