CN105189707A

CN105189707A - Process, method, and system for removing heavy metals from oily solids

Info

Publication number: CN105189707A
Application number: CN201480013468.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: D·J·欧莱尔; R·E·库珀; F-S·T·陶; R·霍伯斯; S·A·澳督云博; K·J·格里斯
Original assignee: Chevron USA Inc
Current assignee: Chevron USA Inc
Priority date: 2013-03-14
Filing date: 2014-03-04
Publication date: 2015-12-23
Also published as: SG11201506737XA; CA2898231A1; BR112015019151A2; WO2014158808A1; RU2015143630A; AU2014241840A1; EP2970781A4; EP2970781A1

Abstract

Oil is recovered from a mercury containing oily solids by mixing the solids with at least a treating agent selected from selected from flocculants, sulfidic compounds, demulsifiers, and combinations thereof, and optionally a solvent, forming a mixture. The mixture is then separated to recover a first phase containing treated oil having less than 50% of the original amount of mercury in the oily solids, and a second phase containing treated solids having a reduced concentration of mercury. In one embodiment, the oily solids are selected from drilling muds; oily sediments coating inside of pipelines; sediment deposits on crude oil tanks, vessels, and separators; surface coating on equipment; slop oil from upstream operations; oily solids from heavy oil processing operations; abradants; solids recovered from processes for removing mercury from hydrocarbon materials; filter-aid materials from mercury removal operations; spill clean-up materials; and mixtures thereof.

Description

The technique of heavy metal, method and system is removed from oily solid

The cross reference of related application

According to 35USC119, this application claims the rights and interests of number of patent application 13/804172,13/804430 and 13/804662, the applying date of all these applications is all on March 14th, 2013.This application claims aforementioned patent applications right of priority and from its rights and interests, the disclosure of these patent applications is incorporated herein by reference.

Technical field

The present invention relates generally to the technique of the heavy metal processing such as mercury from solid, method and system.

Background

Usually the solid of mercurous (" containing Hg ") can be run in oil and gas industry.They are from many sources, such as pigging refuse, bottom aggradation thing, settling, demineralizer powder etc. from separator and other processing units.According to the level of mercury in solids and other harmful waste, there is various disposals selection, comprise non-hazardous landfill, encapsulating (such as, in cement), incineration, dangerous landfill and pyrolysis (or destructive distillation).

Need, for the treatment of containing Hg solid, to generate the solid part with the process of the mercury content of reduction and the optional method and system with the improvement of the oil part of the mercury content of reduction that can then dispose.

General introduction

On the one hand, removing is disclosed in the method containing the Trace Hg in Hg solid.Technique comprises: the solid of the mercury of mixing containing the first amount and be selected from least one treatment agent of flocculation agent, sulfocompound, emulsion splitter and combination thereof, form mixture, wherein said treatment agent is to add based on the amount of solid weight meter 0.001 % by weight-10 % by weight; Be separated described mixture with obtain have the mercury of the amount of the mercury of described first amount being less than 50% containing the first-phase of oil processed and the second-phase containing the solid processed of mercury with reduction compared with described first amount.

Another aspect, for removing in the method containing the Trace Hg in fine-grained oily solid removing filtering unit from mercury.Technique comprises the following steps: mixing has solid and at least one sulfocompound of the mercury of the first amount, form mixture, wherein said sulfocompound is with the sulphur compound of at least 10:1: the mol ratio of mercury exists, and described sulfocompound produces S when being dissolved in the water ^2-, SH ^-, S _x ^2-or S _xh ^-negatively charged ion (wherein S _xrepresent the sulphur atom chain with the length of 2-8 sulphur atom); Be separated described mixture to reclaim the first-phase of the oil of the process containing the mercury with described first amount being less than 50% and there is the second-phase containing the solid processed of the mercury reducing concentration.In one embodiment, described particulate comprises by removing from mercury the diatomaceous earth filter removed filtering unit with treatment soln backwash filter.In another embodiment, described particulate comprises that use is such as vibrated, the mechanical means of rapping remove the diatomaceous earth filter of filtering unit removing as dried powder, filter cake and/or slurry to evict filter cake from from mercury.

Another aspect, the present invention relates to from the technique containing refiltered oil Hg solid.Described technique comprises: provide containing abradant containing Hg solid, the described mercury containing Hg solid with the first amount; Described containing Hg solid and solvent and sulfocompound containing abradant of mixing, form mixture, wherein said sulfocompound is with the sulphur compound of 5:1-5,000:1: the mol ratio existence of mercury, and described sulfocompound produces S when being dissolved in the water ^2-, SH ^-, S _x ^2-or S _xh ^-negatively charged ion; Be separated described mixture with the first-phase reclaimed containing solvent and the second-phase containing the abradant processed with the second mercury quantity of being less than the first mercury quantity.

Accompanying drawing

Fig. 1 is the functional diagram removing the system of mercury and the embodiment of technique from oily solid;

Fig. 2 is the functional diagram of the process system of oily solid and the second embodiment of technique;

Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B is that process removes the system of oily solid of filtering unit and the functional diagram of the 3rd embodiment of technique from mercury, shows the different stages;

Fig. 4 is the functional diagram that contain the system of Hg solid and three embodiment of technique of process from abrasive blasting operation.

Detailed Description Of The Invention

Use unless otherwise stated, following term will run through this specification sheets and following implication will be had.

" abradant " refers to the material used in abrasion, scraping or wear surface, such as, for the material of abrasive blasting equipment surface, includes but not limited to sand, gravel, shot, slag, flying dust, organic shell etc." abradant " used herein also comprises by using abradant abrasive blasting from the material removing on the surface or scrape.

" trace " refers to the amount of mercury in solids.This amount becomes according to the source of solid.Trace is less than 10 % by weight in one embodiment, is less than 1 % by weight in this second embodiment, is 10ppm-10 % by weight in the 3rd embodiment, and is at least 50ppm in the 4th embodiment.

" hydrocarbon material " or hydrocarbon refer to containing hydrogen and the pure compound of carbon and optional sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen and other element or the mixture of compound.Example comprises protopetroleum; Synthetic crude; The such as petroleum products of gasoline, rocket engine fuel, diesel-fuel, lubricant base; Solvent; Paraffin; Asphaltene; The alcohol of such as methyl alcohol and ethanol.Term " oil " or " oiliness " can be exchanged with " hydrocarbon material " and be used.

" emulsion splitter (demulsifier) " or demulsifying agent (emulsionbreaker) refer to the specialty chemicals in order to separating emulsions (such as, water-in-oil).

" condensing agent " refers to that the repulsion electric charge (usually, negative) of particle is in a liquid surrounded in neutralization, allows them " to stick together " and produces the compound of grumeleuse or throw out.

" flocculation agent (Flocculant) " (or flocculation agent (flocculent)) refers to the particle aggregation that promotes condensation or assembles and form larger floss and therefore accelerate gravity settling or the flotation compound to liquid top.Some condensing agents provide the dual purpose of condensation and flocculation, because they produce large throw out.Some condensing agents also serve as emulsion splitter.

" sulfocompound " refers to the compound of the sulphur atom reacted containing at least one and mercury.Example includes but not limited to organic and mineral compound, such as, with the dithiocarbamate of monomer or polymerized form, olefine sulfide, mercaptan, thiophene, thiophenol, list and dithio organic acid and list and dithioesters, alkali metalsulphide, alkali metals polysulfide, alkaline earth sulfide, alkaline earth metal polysulfides, basic metal trithiocarbonate and their mixture.

The oil of oily solid, water and being determined as follows of solids content are carried out for not firing solid.15mg solid is placed in dish and with being placed on beam of balance.Dish and beam are moved on in stove.In the first stage, make 100mL/minN ₂flow through sample and temperature is increased with the speed of 10 DEG C/min.This lasts till 550 DEG C, now gas transition is air and heats with 10 DEG C/min of continuation, until 900 DEG C.The amount of water is in the sample to which determined by the change of weight from 95 DEG C to 105 DEG C.The amount of oil is determined by the amount deducting water to as high as the weight loss of 900 DEG C.The amount of solid is determined by the weight remained at 900 DEG C.Mercury content is by Lumex ^tMor other suitable apparatus is measured.

For the mercurous solid on the flammable surface of such as body protecting device, the sample that mercury content is scraping on the surface from this is measured.

The present invention relates to and remove mercury from solid, such as, be separated from the surface of solids and remove mercury, particularly when to a certain extent adsorbed oil (hydrocarbon material).Solid is optionally contacted with at least one treatment agent under the solvent of such as water exists.Then by mixture separation to reclaim the oil with the mercury reducing the oil of concentration and the solid of mercury and there is reduction concentration in one embodiment.

containing Hg solid:containing Hg solid (or mercurous solid) refer to produce in the gentle industry of oil almost there is no the solid of hydrocarbon containing mercury.

oily solid:these be also containing hydrocarbon material containing Hg solid.This hydrocarbon material can cover on the part of solid or all surface or the part absorbing solid or all surface, or as compound and solid state chemistry integrated, or to be physically integrated in solid (such as, by infiltration, be attached or settle down).In one embodiment, oily solid comprises the mixture of any wax, oil, sand, flour sand, gravel, soil, settling, precipitated asphalt alkene and water.Solid in oily solid has the hydrocarbon material content of 1-75 % by weight in one embodiment; In this second embodiment, there is the solids content of 10-50 % by weight; In the 3rd embodiment, have the water-content up to 70 % by weight, wherein concentration is measured by the simulation distil among other technology known in the art.

Outward appearance containing Hg solid and oily solid depends on source, such as, with the thick mud of pulpous state, solid residue etc.Solid (particle) can have the little size to powder particle (being less than 10 microns) or large-size (such as, fragment, block, fragment etc.).

The type of the mercury existed in solids becomes according to source.In one embodiment, the mercury detected in solids is mainly zunsober, and that is such as determined by ReitveldXRD improvement is greater than 50% metacinnabarite.

source containing Hg solid:the dirt that has containing mercury or metal or frosting in order to remove the coating of the abradant of mercurous dirt on the surface from these can be comprised containing Hg solid (there is few or any hydrocarbon material).

the source of oily solid:the source of generation oily solid and operation include but not limited to the drilling mud from drill-well operation; From the soil containing oil and mercury leaking cleaning material (spillclean-up); The oiliness settling coating of in-line; Settling precipitation on the bottom of unrefined oil tank, process vessel or separator; In surface and the coating of device interior; Process the oiliness settling of facility from operating upstream and refuse, wherein can generate thousands of bucket; From the solid of the processing of extra heavy oil or tar; With the solid removing recovery in operation from the mercury in downstream process.

In the drill-well operation embodiment of for extracting gas and/or oil, drilling fluid or mud is used to think that drill bit provides lubrication and cooling and chip is moved on to surface from the bottom in hole.This drill bit along with front so that produce chip, the shale of such as fritter and rock.Liquid pollutant from the such as water on stratum, salt solution and crude oil also can be entrained in drilling mud, produces oily liquid.The oily solid produced comprises oily external phase, discontinuous phase and the various aqueous solution (such as, sodium, potassium or calcium salt water) and other additive and solid usually, and (such as, rheology modifier, as oleophylic clay; Weighting agent, as barium sulfate; Fluid loss control agent etc.).

In SAGD operation (steam assisted gravity drainage), injecting steam is to reclaim heavy crude and pitch, particularly containing so-called unconventional oil, i.e. the comprising in the production project of oil wet sand (or the wet tar sand of oil), oil rock, resinous shale of extra heavy oil or tar.Condensed steam and oil are drawn into earth's surface, wherein separating oil, leave the oil/water mixture containing 1-60 % by weight solid, be called " production water ".This oil/water mixture stands sepn process, produces oily solid.

During protopetroleum oil is refined into the refinery operations in the various stages in the process of finished product, generate the oily solid with sludge form.This mud such as can clean in solid, leaded or unleaded bottom land thing, waste oil emulsion solids and API separator mud in heat exchange coil and see.

On the surface of the personal safety equipment (PPE) that oily solid also can use in crude production, shipping and refinery operations.The example of PPE includes but not limited to the band, glass, eye-protection glasses, helmet, the helmet, gas mask, gas mask cartridge case, gas sensor, clothes, ventilation tubing, cover etc. of working suit, boots, boots cover, gloves, sealing PPE.Personal care garment PPE can contact with mercury with oil, needs to dispose PPE, and therefore before disposal PPE, removes mercury.

Oily solid can be removed filtering unit by mercury and produce.Some Sweet natural gases contain with the mercury of the level up to 200-300 microgram/cubic meter.Dirt gas containing mercury can process in the resorber of the bed such as containing the sulphur be distributed on carbon template.Along with mercury removes system aging, the mercury level in Exhaust Gas will increase and accumulate in equipment surface in time.

Mercurous solid and oily solid can be cleared up material by the leakage of oil of the Biodegradable material of the Root-bark of Coconut such as such as pulverized, maize peel etc. and produce.Oily solid also can produce at the clean middle of the equipment contacted with Trace Hg in oil and gas industry of such as oil/gas rig floor, oil-piping, groove, container, gas liquefaction system.This mercury might not exist with the form be easy to get.In one embodiment, comprise a part for solid surface containing Hg solid, the such as inwall of tank car, distillation tower, container, track etc. and the hydrocarbon material of trace.Described surface is available has applying containing Hg layer with the layer of the forms such as dirt, corrosion, polymer resin.In some embodiments, it is a part for the hard scale of overlay device metallic surface, such as in order to coating such as the polymer coating (such as, carbamate, epoxide etc.) on the surface of the groove or container that store crude oil.

Include but not limited to by means of the excision of laser beam laser in order to the technique of clean generation containing the surface of Hg solid to remove thin oil film; LASER HEAT desorption; The abrasive blasting of sponge jet; Abradant (abrasive blasting medium) abrasive blasting, such as sandblasting, waterpower abrasive blasting, CO ₂spherolite abrasive blasting, air-abradant abrasive blasting, water-abradant abrasive blasting, uses the surperficial abrasive blasting of gravel, shot, slag, flying dust, organic shell, carbamate and combination thereof.At one with in the embodiment of air-abrasion, described solid is with the form of the dry abrasive media of such as sand.With in another embodiment of water/abrasive blasting, described solid is to have the slurry form of the mixture of the useless abrasive media in water.

In one embodiment, before producing the removal/cleaning containing Hg solid, surface is first by decatize/steam stripped, with detergent washing, with solvent (such as, MeOH, EtOH, light aromatic hydrocarbons etc.) washing, to rinse with rare gas element and to add any one de-oiling hankered.After de-oiling, any one in above-mentioned technique can be used with from de-oiling surface removing Hg, formed any Residual oil with seldom (if any) with the abradant containing Hg solid form.

Generation contains the method and system of Hg solid openly in the following documents: " SurfaceCleaningbyLaserAblation ", Peebles etc. are (at EnvironmentallyConsciousManufacturing/TechnologyApplicat ionsWorkshop, Albuquerque place provides, on February 20th, 1991); " LowtemperatureLowTemperatureSurfaceCleaningofSiliconandI tsApplicationtoSiliconMBE ", Ishizaka etc., J.Electrochem.Soc.1986, the 133rd volume, the 4th periodical, 666-671; " Oilspillsdebriscleanupbythermaldesorption ", Araruna etc., JournalofHazardousMaterials, the 110th volume, 1-3 prints, 161-171; NovelSolutiontoOilSpillRecovery:UsingThermodegradablePol yolefinOilSuperabsorbentPolymer (Oil-SAP), Yuan etc., EnergyFuels, 2012,26 (8), 4896-4902 page.

Oily solid also can be produced by the technique on the surface of the equipment in order to clean such as pipeline, wherein adopts " cleaning " tube cleaner and optionally comes scraping pipeline inside with the heating element combinations for burnisher.Described tube cleaner scraping also evicts the settling of in-line from, produces oily solid.Tube cleaner refers to be made up of the flexible material of such as chloroprene rubber and to have the dish type of the external diameter of the internal diameter no better than pipeline to be cleaned, spherical or cylindrical appliance.Along with tube cleaner is through pipeline, any accumulation pollutent or liquid swept before it are also driven in the inside of its scraping pipeline.In deep-water operation, as a part for production technique, pigging is also in order to removing precipitation of paraffin on the line.

The patent announcement US3548438A being entitled as " Automaticoilwelldewaxingsystem, " is disclosed in by the method for clean tube cleaner removal and cleaning equipment; Be entitled as the patent announcement US5032185A of " Methodandapparatusforremovingparaffinfromafouledpipeline "; In the patent announcement US6176938B1 being entitled as " Apparatusandmethodforremovingmaterialfrompipelines " and patent announcement US6527869B1 " Methodforcleaningdepositsfromtheinteriorofpipes ", relevant disclosure is included in herein by reference.

Oily solid is also by the technique (in general, " the mercury removal filtering unit " or MRFU) generation that remove mercury from the hydrocarbon liquids and gas of such as Sweet natural gas, crude oil, natural gas condensate and other liquid hydrocarbon.In MRFU, such as contact with mercurous process-stream by mixing or stirring for the particulate adsorbed or remove mercury.Oily solid produces when formed solid and particulate are separated to generate the hydrocarbon of the process of the mercury level with reduction from mixture.Described solid can be in the art in order to remove any gac of mercury, the polymeric material of such as polystyrene resin, clay, diatomite, sorbent material and combination thereof from gas phase, supports or dipping with the compound for removing mercury.

Method for removing mercury from the liquid hydrocarbon producing oily solid is wherein disclosed in the patent announcement US6685824B2 being entitled as " Processforremovingmercuryfromliquidhydrocarbonsusingasul fur-containingorganiccompound ", the patent announcement US5354357A being entitled as " Removalofmercuryfromprocessstreams " and is entitled as in the patent announcement US6537443B1 of " Processforremovingmercuryfromliquidhydrocarbons ".

Oily solid also can use other method known in the art to produce, as being entitled as the patent announcement US20090173363A1 of " Systemforcleaninganoiltankandmethodofcleaninganoiltank ", be entitled as the patent announcement US3341880A1 of " Tankcleaningapparatus ", be entitled as the patent announcement US20090223871A1 of " Methodologyforthechemicalandmechanicaltreatmentandcleanu pofoilysoils, drillcuttings, refinerywastes, tankbottoms, andlagoons/pits ", be entitled as " Cleaningcontaminatedmaterials, " patent announcement US20080314415A1, be entitled as the patent announcement US20080277165A1 of " Methodandsystemtorecoverusableoil-baseddrillingmudsfromu sedandunacceptableoil-baseddrillingmuds ", be entitled as the patent announcement US8287441B2 of " Apparatusandmethodsforremediatingdrillcuttingsandotherpa rticulatematerials ", be entitled as the patent announcement US20120145633A1 of " Ultra-soundenhancedcentrifugalseparationofoilfromoilfrom oilysolidsinwaterandwastewater " and be entitled as in the patent announcement US20120199517A1 of " Processfortherecoveryofoilsfromasolidmatrix ", relevant disclosure is included in herein by reference.

treatment agent:treatment agent for removing mercury is selected from flocculation agent, sulfocompound, emulsion splitter and their mixture.

In some embodiments, use different treatment agent, wherein by these reagent simultaneously or be added to containing in Hg solid successively, such as, first add the treatment agent serving as condensing agent and form throw out together to make particle, then add the second treatment agent serving as flocculation agent and form large grumeleuse or throw out, to remove subsequently with the particle gathering condensation.In yet another embodiment, first add flocculation agent to form grumeleuse or throw out, then remove throw out and add sulfocompound or complexing agent subsequently to extract/to remove mercury and make it enter in aqueous phase from the oil reclaimed.

If use different treatment agents, then these treatment agents can disposablely add fully, little by little or continuously.Based on the Weight computation of solid, treatment agent adds with the amount of 0.001 % by weight-10 % by weight.In this second embodiment, this amount is between 0.01 % by weight and 5 % by weight.In the 3rd embodiment, this amount is between 0.05 % by weight and 2 % by weight.In the 4th embodiment, based on the Weight computation of solid, treatment agent adds with the amount of 0.1 % by weight-1 % by weight.In one embodiment, when being used as the flocculation agent of secondary treatment agent, this secondary agent is with lower concentration, and such as, total weight based on oily solid and solvent is less than 50 PPM weight (ppmw) employings, to help to remove suspended solids.

In one embodiment, described treatment agent is selected from sulfocompound, and its generation that is dissolved in the water has the solution of the pH being greater than 7 and it contains sulfur material, and these sulfur materials produce S when dissolving ^2-, SH ^-, S _x ^2-or S _xh ^-negatively charged ion, wherein x is the integer of 2-8.In one embodiment, described sulfocompound is in one embodiment with the sulphur compound of at least 10:1: the mol ratio of the mercury in oily solid adds; And in this second embodiment, this mol ratio is 1000-10,000:1, thus mercury is made to change into water-soluble mercury complex.Think, in the mercurous solid started or oily solid, Gong Yi ?the thin solid form of cinnabar.These micro-solids dissolve because of sulfocompound to form water-soluble mercury complex.Exemplary sulfocompound includes but not limited to potassium sulphide or sodium sulphite (Na ₂s), sodium sulfhydrate (NaSH), potassium polysulfide or sodium polysulphide (Na ₂s _x), ammonium sulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s], hydrosulfide of ammonia (NH ₄hS), ammonium polysulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s _x], 1 race of these materials and 2 race's counterpart and combinations thereof.Hot-doctor treatment dose can contain such as with NaOH, KOH, NH ₄oH or Na ₂cO ₃the alkaline chemical of form, thus control pH is within the scope of 7-12.

In one embodiment, described treatment agent is the flocculation agent being selected from divalence and trivalent metal salt, such as ferric sulfate, ferrous sulfate, iron(ic) chloride, chloro sulphuric acid iron, poly aluminium chloride, iron nitrate and iron sulphide, Tai-Ace S 150, aluminum chloride and sodium aluminate.In one embodiment, in view of utilization ratio, low cost be easy to usability, described flocculation agent is ferric iron, such as ferric sulfate.In another embodiment, described metallic cation provides as ferric chloride Solution.In another embodiment, described metallic cation is that divalence is ferrous, such as ferrous sulfate.In yet another embodiment, described metallic cation is aluminium, such as hydrated aluminum oxide, and it provides under the pH of about 5.2.

In another embodiment, described treatment agent is the flocculation agent being selected from water treatment polymer.Water treatment polymer refers to the compound by removing the mineral substance of dissolving from water with mineral substance complexing.Example includes but not limited to have different molecular weight and has the nonionic of various functional group, negatively charged ion or cationic polymers or multipolymer, such as acrylamide, vinylformic acid, amine, acrylate, ethyleneimine, oxyethane etc.In another embodiment, described treatment agent is inorganic polymer, such as Wickenol CPS 325.In some embodiments, described water treatment polymer is anionic polymer polymer flocculant, and wherein high molecular refers to about 500, more than 000 or about 1, and the molecular weight of 000, more than 000.

In one embodiment, described water treatment polymer is selected from polyacrylic acid; Polymaleic acid; The multipolymer of vinylformic acid, toxilic acid, acrylamide and sulfonic acid acrylamide propyl ester and trimer; Prism polymers; Based on the polymkeric substance of sulphonate; With the trimer of vinylformic acid, acrylamide, sulfomethylated acrylamide or multipolymer etc. and combination thereof.In yet another embodiment, described treatment agent is selected from cationic polymers, such as diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride (polyDADMAC), cation acrylamide copolymer, epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine polymkeric substance and polymine.In yet another embodiment, described water treatment polymer is the crosslinked polymkeric substance of epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine and ammonia or quadrol, the linear polymer of Epicholorohydrin dimethylamine, the homopolymer of polymine, diallyl dimethyl ammoniumchloride and (methyl) acrylamide and the polymkeric substance of one or more anionic monomers being selected from following thing: dimethylaminoethyl (methyl) acrylate chlorine quaternary salt, dimethylaminoethyl (methyl) acrylate methyl-sulfate quaternary salt, dimethylaminoethyl (methyl) acrylate benzyl chloride quaternary salt, dimethylaminoethyl (methyl) acrylate vitriol, dimethylaminoethyl (methyl) acrylate hydrochloride, dialkylaminoalkyl acrylamide or Methacrylamide and quaternary salt thereof or acid salt, acrylamido propyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, diallyidiethylammonium ammonium chloride, diallyldimethylammonium chloride, dimethylamino-propyl (methyl) acrylamide methyl-sulfate quaternary salt and dimethylamino-propyl (methyl) acrylamide hydrochloride, vinylformic acid diethylamino ethyl ester and diethyl aminoethyl methacrylate.Other polymkeric substance is described in " Watertreatingpolymers " such as L.Lyons, the 7th chapter, 113-145 page, and in 2007, it is included in herein by reference.

In one embodiment, described treatment agent is the emulsion splitter being selected from polyamine, daiamid, the polycondensate gathering imines, Ortho Toluidine and formaldehyde, quaternary ammonium compound and ionogenic surfactant.In another embodiment, described emulsion splitter is selected from polyoxyethylene alkylphenol, its sulfonate and sulfonate sodium thereof.In yet another embodiment, described emulsion splitter is polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid additive.In yet another embodiment, described emulsion splitter is selected from following list: polyalkoxide segmented copolymer and ester derivative; Alkylphenol-aldehyde resins alkoxide; The polyalkoxide of polyvalent alcohol or glycidyl ether; Polyamine polyalkoxide and associated cation polymkeric substance; Urethane (carbamate) and polyalkoxide derivative; Hyperbranched polymer; Vinyl polymer; Organosilicon polymer; With their mixture.In one embodiment, described emulsion splitter is polyamine.

Under the pH of the mixture of one or more solid/treatment agents maintains about 5-12 in one embodiment, and in this second embodiment, under maintaining 6-9, and in the 3rd embodiment, maintain about 7 times.

optional solvent:according to the source of the solid removed for mercury and form and treatment agent to be employed, can or the solvent of such as water can not be added in the mixture of solid and treatment agent.Such as, in one embodiment, when with by hydrogen sulfide is dissolved into the sulfocompound formed in aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the solvent of such as water is optionally added.

In one embodiment, described solvent is independent " cleaning " crude stream.In another embodiment, described solvent is light hydrocarbon material, such as dimethylbenzene, benzene, toluene, kerosene, reformate (light aromatic hydrocarbons), light naphthar, heavy naphtha, light cycle oil, intermediate cycle oil, propane, diesel boiling range material and their mixture, it is in order to from " washing " or dissolving oil in solid.In another embodiment, described solvent is tap water or undrinkable water.According to the position of technique, described undrinkable water can be any primitive water, aquifer water, seawater, de-salted water, oil field extracted water, industrial by-products water and combination thereof.

Described solvent can: a) be added in described solid before adding one or more treatment agents and form slurry; B) with described solids mixing before be added in one or more treatment agents; C) add with (or as its part) while of one or more treatment agents described; Or d) be added in the mixture of solid and one or more treatment agents.

In some embodiments, described solvent is added with " impelling " formation oily solid.In one embodiment, wherein use clean tube cleaner to remove pollutent, tamper, solid etc. in pipeline, use solvent or the such as water-based sodium sulphite Na of such as water ₂the dilution process agent of S with the irrigation lines when operation suspension to remove solid, to collect subsequently.

In the embodiment of for removing mercury from abradant, adding water to form slurry, reclaiming " cleaning " abradant and mercurous water subsequently.In another embodiment of oily solid with such as bottom aggradation thing or pigging refuse, add water and optional hydrocarbon material, so that the solid recycled subsequently, the crude oil processed and mercurous water.

Such as processing disclosed in No. 6537443, United States Patent (USP) in an embodiment from the oily solid of mercury removal filtering unit, use the filter plant with diatomite (" DE ") filtration medium to remove mercury from crude oil or condensate oil.Add water to clean this equipment by backwash filter, therefore except diatomite (" the DE ") filtration medium of the mercury that unloads is to reclaim as solid.In another embodiment and replace use water, by such as water-based sodium sulphite Na ₂the dilution process agent of S is used as solvent so that back wash filter equipment, to remove DE filtration medium.In another embodiment, filtration adjuvant by vibration, supersound process, to rap or other mechanical means shift out and reclaim (as half-dried cake or slurry) from mercury removal filtering unit.

The add-on of solvent depends on the primary source/form of pending solid (such as, powder, slurry, mud etc.), the treatment agent that adopts and how will use solvent (such as, backwash filter, flushing line, prepare slurry etc.).If described solvent contains some mercury, then the amount of the original bulk of the mercury measured in the mixture of oily solid and solvent for mercury is in a solvent corrected.

In one embodiment, water is in one embodiment to add based on the amount being greater than 1 % by weight containing the solid weight meter in Hg solid; Add with the amount of 10 % by weight-50 % by weight in this second embodiment; And add with the amount of 10 times that are greater than solid weight in the 3rd embodiment; And add with the 50-1000 of solid weight amount doubly in the 4th embodiment.In one embodiment, add the such as water of q.s, lighter hydrocarbons solvent to realize 5:1-100,000:1,10:1-50,000:1,15:1-10,000:1,50:1-2, the liquid of any one in 000:1 and 100:1-1000:1: the weight ratio of solid.After adding described solvent, the pH of described mixture maintains within the scope of 5-12 in one embodiment, in this second embodiment, maintains at least 7.

for from containing the technique removing mercury in Hg solid:the described Hg solid that contains optionally mixes the time lasted and be enough to remove mercury by means known in the art under the solvent of such as water and/or hydrocarbon material exists at the temperature of environment to 200 DEG C with treatment agent.In one embodiment, described mixing produces with the compact solid volume of quickish settling velocity.The solid volume with the mercury concentration of reduction can as the suspension block form of the grumeleuse of microscopic particulates or throw out, and it can use such as gravity separation, filtration, centrifugation or use the solid-liquor separation means known in the art of rotary filter press to reclaim.

In one embodiment, the contact between described oily solid and described treatment agent can fully high with under being enough to make any temperature that the hydrocarbon material in described oily solid is liquid.In another embodiment, described contact be enough to reduce the amount of the mercury being assigned to hydrocarbon material and increase be assigned to the temperature of the ratio of the mercury of aqueous phase under.In one embodiment, described contact at room temperature.In another embodiment, described contact at fully high temperature, such as, at least 50 DEG C.In one embodiment, described technique is carried out at about 20 DEG C-65 DEG C.Higher temperature is conducive to from oily solid, extract/removing mercury.Described mixing is carried out in one embodiment at the temperature of at least 40 DEG C, in this second embodiment, carries out at the temperature of 20 DEG C-100 DEG C, and in the 3rd embodiment, carries out at the temperature of 40 DEG C-60 DEG C.

Be enough to the duration of contact between described oily solid and described treatment agent make mercury extract/remove from solid and enter in water-in-oil emulsion, and then enter in aqueous phase.In one embodiment, the mercury removing at least 50% from described solid is enough to described duration of contact.In this second embodiment, at least 75% is removed.In the 3rd embodiment, removing at least 90%.Described duration of contact is at least 10 minutes in one embodiment; In this second embodiment, at least 30 minutes; In the 3rd embodiment, at least 2 hours; In the 4th embodiment, 30 minutes-4 hours.

In one embodiment, be blended in described in tempering tank or on-line mixing device and carry out.In another embodiment, described be blended in inclination board-like settling vessel or laminar flow hood in carry out, wherein said oily solid (optionally in water) enters described laminar flow hood, and it to stir with being separated mixing tank subsequently gently with the instantaneous mixing of one or more treatment agents described wherein.In one embodiment, along with mixture flows upward to tilted plate, the solid with the mercury reducing concentration deposits (" recovery " or " process " solid) from logistics, allows to collect to have the oil of recovery and the liquid phase of water.

In next optional step, aqueous phase containing mercury can be separated with the oil phase with the mercury reducing concentration in the phase-separating device known in the art such as such as cyclone separator means, electrostatic coalescence device, gravity oil-water separator, centrifuge separator, produce the aqueous phase of the hydrocarbon material (such as, crude oil) with the recovery of the mercury of significantly reduce level and the recovery containing the mercury distributing (extraction) from original oily solid.

In one embodiment, after with at least one treatment agent process solid and except before anhydrating, by with the solvent of crude oil form (not having solid/settling) with excessive, such as at least 100:1 solvent: the weight ratio of the solid processed is added in the mixture of the solid processed, forms blend.And then, described blend is delivered to demineralizer.Described demineralizer can be single-stage demineralizer or two stage desalting device.In described demineralizer, for containing the sedimental wastewater streams of de-oiling in water and the refiltered oil of mercury content with reduction, optionally add a small amount of washing water (accounting for the 1-10 % by weight of described blend).Optionally also other chemical processing agent can be added in described demineralizer.In one embodiment, demineralizer operational condition comprises the temperature of 200-400 ℉, surrounding environment-300psia, 10psi pressure reduction, 15-60 minute residence time and 6,000-20,000 volt of electrostatic field in grid.

According to the type of adopted treatment agent, mercury can mainly extract the solid of recovery or the aqueous phase of recovery from oily solid.The amount of mercury in the aqueous phase reclaimed is original mercury concentration in oily solid and the difference between the Residual Mercury in the solid of the oil reclaimed and recovery (de-oiling or processed).

In one embodiment, when using emulsion splitter or flocculation agent as process material, the mercury being less than 70% in original oily solid is stayed in the solid of recovery in one embodiment, the mercury of at least 20% is assigned in the aqueous phase of recovery, and the oil of recovery is containing the original mercury being less than 10%.In this second embodiment, the original mercury being less than 80% is retained in the solid of recovery, and the original mercury of at least 5% is assigned in aqueous phase, and the crude oil of recovery contains the original mercury being less than 15%.In the 3rd embodiment, the crude oil of recovery contains the original mercury being less than 5%, and the original mercury of at least 30% is assigned in the aqueous phase of recovery, and the solid reclaimed has the original mercury being less than 65%.

In one embodiment, when using sulfocompound as process material, the crude oil of recovery contains the original mercury being less than 10%, and residue mercury is distributed between aqueous phase and the solid of recovery with the ratio of 1:3-3:1.In this second embodiment, the crude oil of recovery contains the original mercury being less than 5%, and the mercury of remainder mainly stays (the original mercury level more than 70%) in aqueous phase and original mercury comparatively is in a small amount stayed in the solid of recovery and (is less than 20%).In the 3rd embodiment, the crude oil reclaiming (process) contains and is less than 100ppbw mercury.

The concentration of the mercury in the solid reclaiming (process) is in one embodiment lower than 4000ppmw; In this second embodiment, lower than 2000ppmw; In the 3rd embodiment, lower than 20ppmw; And in the 4th embodiment, lower than 1ppmw.About residual hydrocarbons, such as Benzene and Toluene, in one embodiment, concentration individually lower than 1000ppmw, in the second embodiment, lower than 100ppmw; And in the 3rd embodiment, lower than 10ppmw.

In one embodiment, can deliver in bio-oxidation pond by the recovery solid with the mercury content of reduction, they accumulate in mud wherein.Because the most of mercury in these settlings are with HgS form, so expect that this mud is by leaching demand.In another embodiment, the diatomite (" DE " or other aids,filter) wherein reclaiming also de-oiling has the mercury reducing concentration, and this material can reuse in filtering unit.The DE reclaimed can be used for by making Recycled materials in such as water or sulphur-containing solution along forward direction through strainer, until enough thickness deposits to precoating on strainer.In yet another embodiment, the solid (abrasive blasting medium) of recovery can reuse as gravel in abrasive blasting operation.

According to for reclaiming from solid/position of system of removing mercury, the aqueous phase of any recovery after separation from the hydrocarbon material of solid/recoverys can be recycled into reservoir of oil and gas (diluted fluid as the reservoir of reservoir aborning or exhaustion) in one embodiment.In another embodiment, at the water injected before reservoir or reclaim in the process that takes a step forward be discharged.In yet another embodiment, the water of recovery is first processed to meet the environmental legislation for water quality before discharging.

Be base for the treatment of can be used as a part for the facility of such as refinery or unit for treating water containing the system of Hg solid with land, or it can be positioned on sea (on the platform of such as Floating production, storage or off-load unit or FPSO etc.).Described facility can comprise for storing containing one or more receiving tank of Hg solid and the miscellaneous equipment for being separated, storing and process the water reclaimed after being separated from crude oil, such as specific gravity separator, baffle separator, hydrocyclone, distiller, whizzer, strainer, receiving tank etc.In one embodiment, described system also comprises size reduction means known in the art, such as, uses pulverizer, shredder, ultrafine grinder and cutting machine, and to reduce the size containing Hg solid, first it reduced size before contacting with treatment agent.

the figure of embodiment is described:schematically illustrate for from containing the figure removing the various system of mercury and the figure of technique in Hg solid by mentioning having.

In the system removing mercury from oily solid shown in FIG and technique, the various process-streams containing multiple oily solid are delivered in tempering tank 10, the settling comprising pigging refuse 1, bottom land sediment 2 and collect from process vessel 3.Also be added to generating water source 5 (with optional hydrocarbon material-not shown) in tempering tank 10.Emulsion splitter source (such as, calculating based on solid weight, 0.1 % by weight polyamine emulsion splitter) 6 is added in groove 10.Mixture 11 is delivered to wet cyclone 20, and wet cyclone 20 is separated moisture and sedimental logistics 21 and has and reduces the oil of mercury content and the logistics 22 of residuary water.The oil of the reduction Hg content with residuary water is delivered to water-and-oil separator 30 to be separated and the water 34 of recovery subsequently and the oil 31 with minimizing Hg content oil recovery.Although not shown, it should be noted that and any one in current 21 and 34 or both can be injected subsurface formations, such as, in dilution oil, condensate oil or gas reservoir, to dispose.Reclaim oils stream 31 can with " newly " crude oil, the crude oil such as jointly generated with recovered water, blended so that following process.System as described can be and is arranged on the bank as any movable units at refinery, or is positioned at sea on the facility of such as FPSO or other Offshore Units for the production of any movable units that is oily and/or gas.

In Fig. 2 of another embodiment of the technique of process oily solid, use the settling 11 that unrefined oil tank 10 is built up to store in time.Settling 11 is containing oily solid.Settling 11 is delivered to mixing tank 20, wherein solid and at least one treatment agent (sulfocompound or emulsion splitter, such as 0.1 % by weight cationic-type polyacrylamide) is mixed, the settling 21 that formation processing is crossed.The logistics 21 processed is mixed with excessive " solvent " crude stream 15, forms blend 22, be sent to demineralizer 30.By a small amount of washing water 31, such as, account for 3 % by weight of blend 22 gross weight, be added in demineralizer 30.Sedimental wastewater streams 32 containing de-oiling is delivered to waste treatment, and recovery has the crude oil 33 of the recovery of the mercury content of reduction to process further, such as, distill.

Fig. 3 A and Fig. 3 B display process remove the technique of oily solid and the another embodiment of operation of filtering unit from mercury.In figure 3 a, according to the stage of operation, a series of valve (101,102,103,104 and 105) is in different positions, and wherein " unlatching " position display is hollow circle and " closing " position display is solid circles.Valve 101 and 105 is opened during filtering crude oil, and other is closed.

As shown, the crude oil from storage tank 10 is drawn into the filter assemblies 20 of filtering element 21 that the layer 22 that comprises the much use such as aids,filter of diatomite (DE) applies, wherein particulate mercury deposition on DE and the oil filtered be collected in arm 23.Oil flow through filter module 20 and particulate mercury and other pollutant sediment on the filtering element 21 of coating.The oil 24 of the filtration with the mercury (such as, being less than 100ppbw) reducing concentration is delivered in storage tank 30.

During operation, when pressure drop is on the filter increased to the setting limit, filter cake regenerates when under the various time, Open valve 102,103 and 104 also closes other valve.At first valve 102 and 103 is closed, and only Open valve 104.The drainage from filter assemblies 20 of thick material, and the extraction agent 55 of such as 10% sodium hydrosulfide aqueous solution is drawn into arm 23 from groove 50 and passes filtering element 21 to evict aids,filter from and to be incorporated to most of mercury wherein.By the useless sodium hydrosulfide solution removing of the DE containing dispersion to dispose (not shown).Expect that this DE has 10ppm or less Hg.

Fig. 3 B illustrates the subordinate phase of the regeneration of filtration medium, and valve 104 closes and valve 102 and 103 is opened.Extraction agent 55 is drawn into filter assemblies 20 from groove 50, through filtering element 21, enters arm 23 through valve 103 and collect as useless sodium hydrosulfide solution 60.During this subordinate phase, DE is deposited on filtering element 21 again, to use as aids,filter.Last in this subordinate phase, by closed for valve 102 and the sodium hydrosulfide solution drainage be retained in filter assemblies 20 collected as useless sodium hydrosulfide solution 60 through arm 23, so that disposal subsequently or process further.

Utilize the aids,filter of the regeneration of the appropriate position on filtering element 21, again can start filtration procedure.Termly, the amount of the solid removed from crude oil will be increased to the point that it must be removed from filter assemblies.This can dispose together with useless sodium hydrosulfide solution.Diatomite in this lean solution is by containing 10ppm or less mercury.

In the diagram, for the system containing Hg solid of process from abrasive blasting operation, by metallic walls 10 (such as, crude oil tanker, container etc.) epoxide and the coating of some mercury.This wall is by using aeropulverizer 20 abrasive blasting of the flexible pipe 50 being equipped with funnel 30, air supply 40 and being equipped with nozzle.The epoxide fragment 55 of such as sand and removing in useless abrasive blasting medium containing Hg solid collection in the collector 60 of useless medium.10% solution 70 of sodium sulfhydrate in water is aspirated in this collector.From the mixture flow of collector 65 to the first separator 80, wherein the sand 85 of extraction removed and make it turn back to funnel.The sand of this extraction contains the mercury being less than 10ppm.

Overhead stream 87 from the first separator being delivered to the second separator 90, wherein reclaiming the sodium hydrosulfide solution 100 containing dissolving mercury.Solution 100 is disposed by injecting underground reservoir (not shown).(not shown) in one embodiment, can make to be recycled to container 70 also again in extraction containing a part of sodium hydrosulfide solution 100 dissolving mercury.In one embodiment, epoxide fragment shifts out as tower base stream and shifts out from separator 90 as overhead stream containing the sodium hydrosulfide solution dissolving mercury from container 90.

Separator 80 and 90 can be separating device known in the art, such as API separator or wet cyclone.They also may be combined with into a separator, and it is shifted out the sand of the extraction (process) from bottom, the epoxide fragment containing the dissolving sodium hydrosulfide solution of mercury and the extraction (process) as tower top layer from middle layer.

The solid 200 that having of reclaiming from the second separator is less than the process containing epoxide fragment of 10ppm mercury is by equipment (not shown) washing and/or dry suitably to dispose.

embodiment:illustrative embodiment is nonrestrictive.

embodiment 1:mercurous oiliness settling obtains as dark thick solid from business with oily production operation.This material in statu quo characterizes and characterizes after room-temperature toluene washing and drying.Toluene wash, except deoiling, leaves the free-pouring solid of the beige being similar to beach sand.But washing seems to remove significant mercury.The character of these two kinds of samples gathers in Table 1.

Simulation distil carried out with the heating rate of 10 DEG C/min two stages: at N ₂under from room temperature to 550 DEG C (100ml/min), in atmosphere from 550 DEG C to 900 DEG C (100ml/min).Simulation distil does not demonstrate the razor-edge near 212 ℉ of instruction water.Therefore, the weight percent solids in this oily solid is 87.65 % by weight, and remaining 12.35 % by weight is oil.As shown in the material by shortage boiling at 100 DEG C, the amount of water in the sample to which can be ignored.

Metacinnabarite is detected as unique crystallization mercury phase by ReitveldXRD improvement.There is rich sulphur mercury solid (by inference, metacinnabarite) of submicron of the light on the surface compared with large grain size being attached to quartz and clay particle, accidental larger rich sulphur mercury solids in the sem analysis display of the sample that toluene wash is crossed.

Table 1

The characteristic of sample	Former state	Toluene wash
			Mercury, ppbw	74,900	133,000

			Crystallization phases, Reitveld, %
Quartz	-	84.3
			Albite	-	14.7
Calcite	-	0.3
			Metacinnabarite	-	0.3
Kaolin	-	0.1
			Illite	-	0.1

			Weight loss, simulation distil, %
@121.11℃	1.2	-
			@537.78℃	12.35	-

			Horiba sreen analysis
Median particle diameter, μ	-	375
			Median size, μ	-	415
Accumulation diameter, %
			5％	-	55μ
10％	-	148μ
			20％	-	231μ
30％	-	281μ
			40％	-	328μ
60％	-	428μ
			70％	-	492μ
80％	-	580μ
			90％	-	732μ
95％	-	882μ

embodiment 2-contrasts.the sample that about 0.25 gram receives from embodiment 1 former state is placed in 12ml centrifuge tube.Add 1mlSupurla ^tMwhite oil is also mixed.Add 5ml water.By centrifuge tube seal, vibration and at Vortex ^tMblender mixes.Be placed on subsequently in 60 DEG C of oil baths and last 4 hours.Then, it is vibrated again, and mix at least 4 hours on rotating disk.To be placed on subsequently in the whizzer of the heating be under 160 ℉ and to rotate 10 minutes under 1500RPM.Mixture separation is become oil reservoir, water layer and a small amount of solid by whizzer.

Oil reservoir and water layer pass through Lumex ^tManalyzer analysis is to determine its mercury content.Calculate the distribution of mercury to oil phase and aqueous phase.Suppose that 12% of solid masses is present in oil reservoir, because this represents the oil-contg of primary sample.The part retaining mercury is in solids calculated by difference.

Result is shown in Table 2, wherein in the sample to which 30% mercury to be assigned in oil phase and the mercury of 3% is assigned in aqueous phase.When not wishing bound by theory, think that this mercury is present in oil phase as the metacinnabarite micro-solid of the high dispersing of the surface release from quartz and clay.

Table 2

embodiment 3-11:various business emulsion splitter use the program of embodiment 2 but additional 0.1 or the shown emulsion splitter of 0.05ml test.Tolad9338 (alkylphenol-aldehyde resins alkoxide) and DM083409 (polyamine) additive are from BakerPetroliteCorporation; PX0191 additive, EC2460A, EC2217 and FX2134 (polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid) additive are from NalcoCompany; MXI-1928 (polyamine) and MXI-2476 (polynuclear aromatic sulfonic acid) additive is from Multi-chemGroup, LLC; And RIMI-84AChampion additive is from Federal-MogulCorporation.Emulsion splitter adds after sample former state received is placed in centrifuge tube.As above Supurla is added ^tMoil also mixes.All the other steps of this program are identical.All emulsion splitters all reduce the amount of the mercury be assigned in oil, as shown in Table 3.

Table 3

embodiment 12-17:the various water treatment polymers supplied by the Tramfloc of Tempe, AZ, Inc. use the sequence test of embodiment 3-11.The mercury content of oil is dropped to low value by these negatively charged ion and cationic polyacrylamide emulsion, as used emulsion splitter finding.In addition, water retains mercury, therefore the mercury content of residual solids produced with emulsion splitter of reduction.Result is shown in Table 4.

Table 4

embodiment 18-26: the various water treatment polymers supplied by the Tramfloc of Tempe, AZ, Inc. use the sequence test of embodiment 3-11.TRAMFLOC552 and 723 polymkeric substance are poly dialkyl diallyl ammonium salt.Other TRAFLOC material is alkylamine-Epicholorohydrin Epicholorohydrin compound.Result is shown in Table 5.

Table 5

embodiment 27:in order to evaluate the effect of cl anion as treatment agent, following the program of embodiment 3-11, use 35% hydrochloric acid, and result being shown in Table 6.This reagent makes the ratio of the mercury be assigned in oil roughly double.When not wishing bound by theory, think that sour example hydrochloric acid promotes that HgS particle transfer is in oil phase, by inference, as micella.

Table 6

embodiment 28-31:according to the various sulfur-bearing regent of the sequence test of embodiment 3-11, and result is shown in Table 7.These materials make the mercury be assigned in oil phase significantly reduce.Tetragard ^tMsodium polysulphide (TessenderloKerleyInc. from Phoenix, AZ), NaSH and sodium sulphite make the mercury be assigned in aqueous phase significantly increase simultaneously.These materials can be used, the solid of the oil providing the mercury content with reduction and the mercury content with reduction simultaneously.

Table 7

embodiment 32:according to the sequence test iron(ic) chloride of embodiment 3-11, and result is shown in Table 8.The same with sulfur-bearing regent, this flocculation agent makes the mercury be assigned in oil phase reduce simultaneously and the mercury be assigned in aqueous phase is increased.

Table 6

embodiment 33: what adopt in the embodiment 4 of No. 6537443, United States Patent (USP) is removed from strainer as the means of cleaning and filtering using the oily solid of diatomite or " DE " (CelatomFW-12DE) filtration medium form by backwash filter.By q.s with the water-based sodium sulphite Na of 1.6 % by weight concentration (0.67 % by weight sulphur) ₂s is added in mercurous DE, makes liquid: the ratio of solid is about 20:1.According to the sequence test sample of embodiment 2.Expection, with Na ₂after S solution-treated, the mercury of at least 70% is assigned in water, and the mercury being less than 10% is retained in oil, and the mercury being less than 20% is in DE.After mercury is removed, reclaim can being again administered on strainer at least partially of the DE of (regeneration), and reuse to remove mercury from crude oil or condensate oil.

embodiment 34: repeat embodiment 33, difference is, replaces using water carry out back flushing/cleaning and filtering and remove DE, replaces and uses with the water-based sodium sulphite Na of 1.6 % by weight concentration ₂s logistics.Expection, with Na ₂after the back flushing of S solution, the mercury of at least 50% is assigned in water, and the mercury being less than 20% is retained in oil, and the mercury being less than 30% is in DE.As in embodiment 34, the DE of recovery can be administered to again strainer to remove mercury from crude oil or condensate oil.

embodiment 35:soar the business floating production in order to store mercurous crude oil, oil storage and emptying (FloatingProductionStorageandOffloading, FPSO) container crude oil ventilating.The wall of FPSO with epoxy resin coated with preventing corrosion.Use portable XRF analysis rifle to measure the amount of mercury from the teeth outwards, state based on area.Analyze four samples and subsequently epoxy coat scraped from metal.Again analyze metallic surface and find the mercury containing significantly reducing, showing that some mercury to be imbedded in epoxy coat and by abrasive blasting, scraping and the removing of similar program.Upon removal of mercury, container will be more suitable for recovering as chip.

Mercury not detected in the gas phase, there is not the element mercury of significant quantity in instruction.Mercury in epoxide, with the form of the non-volatile mercury of a certain form, is metacinnabarite by inference.Result gathers and shows below.

table 1

Test	34	35	36	37
					Position	Coating edge 1	Coating edge 2	Cell wall 1	Cell wall 2
Initially, μ g/cm ²	6535	5864	840	5603
					Scraping, μ g/cm ²	290	332	126	2372
% reduces	96	94	85	58

embodiment 36:surface on the wall of container of epoxide coating is by the various position such as such as groove top, major trough wall, coating edge, the bottom land machinery scraping/removing on groove on FPSO of the abrasive blasting of such as sandblasting.The display of the mercury concentration based on area before and after scraping is average reduces at least 75%.The average mercury concentration of the solid of removing is measured as at least 20ppm.Find that solid mainly comprises epoxide, ferric oxide, iron sulphide and other metal oxide and sulfide.These solids comprise the abradant in order to remove epoxide coating from wall of a container.First the size by using abrasive to reduce solid dirt, obtains powder.

embodiment 37:by about 0.25 gram of sample from the oily solid of embodiment 36 and 0.1ml sulfur-bearing agent Tetragard ^tMsodium polysulfide solution is placed in 12ml centrifuge tube together with 6ml water.The mercury of expection at least 50% is assigned in water, and the mercury being wherein less than 10% is retained in the upper and mercury being less than 35% of oil and is in solid.The mercury content of solid reclaimed is contemplated to 10ppm or less, and its have passed applicable can leaching test.This makes at cement kiln or qualified in disposal in suitable landfill field.

In order to avoidance of doubt, the application is included in the theme defined in following numbering paragraph:

A1. from the technique of refiltered oil the oily solid containing the mercury of the first amount and the mercury of the first concentration, described technique comprises: the described oily solid containing mercury of mixing with the treatment agent of the amount of the weighing scale 0.001-10 % by weight based on described oily solid, form mixture, wherein said treatment agent is selected from flocculation agent, sulfocompound, emulsion splitter and combination thereof; Be separated described mixture to reclaim the second-phase of the solid of the process of the first-phase of the oil of the process containing the mercury with described first amount being less than 50% and the mercury containing the second amount, wherein said second mercury quantity is less than described first amount.

A2. according to the technique of paragraph A1, wherein described in described oily solid the first concentration mercury for be greater than 50% improve measured metacinnabarite by ReitveldXRD.

A3. according to the technique of paragraph A1, the oil of the process of described recovery has the mercury concentration being less than 100ppbw.

A4. according to the technique of paragraph A1, it also to comprise in described oily solid with the solvent of 15:1-10,000:1: the weight ratio of oily solid adds the solvent that at least one is selected from water, light hydrocarbon material and crude oil; Wherein said solvent added before reclaiming first-phase at the described mixture of separation; And wherein said first-phase contains the mixture of oil in described solvent processed.

A5. according to the technique of paragraph A4, its described mixture also comprising oil that separating treatment crosses and solvent with reclaim the oil with the process of the mercury of described first amount being less than 50% and contain at least 50% the solvent of mercury of described first amount.

A6. according to the technique of paragraph A5, wherein said solvent is water and wherein said separation is undertaken by any one in gravity separation, filtration, centrifugation, rotary filter press and combination thereof.

A7. according to the technique of paragraph A1, wherein said treatment agent is sulphur compound, and when being dissolved in the water, described sulphur compound produces S ^2-, SH ^-, S _x ^2-and S _xh ^-at least one in negatively charged ion, and wherein said sulphur compound makes mercury change into soluble mercury complex compound.

A8. according to the technique of paragraph A7, wherein said sulphur compound is selected from potassium sulphide, sodium sulphite (Na ₂s), sodium sulfhydrate (NaSH), potassium polysulfide, sodium polysulphide (Na ₂s _x), ammonium sulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s], hydrosulfide of ammonia (NH ₄hS), ammonium polysulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s _x], 1 race of these materials and 2 race's counterpart and combinations thereof.

A9. according to the technique of paragraph A1, wherein said treatment agent is water treatment polymer, and it by removing the mineral substance of dissolving from water with mineral substance complexing.

A10. according to the technique of paragraph A9, wherein said water treatment polymer is selected from non-ionic polymers, anionic polymer, cationic polymers, has the multipolymer of any one in functional group's acrylamide, vinylformic acid, amine, acrylate, ethyleneimine, oxyethane and their mixture.

A11. according to the technique of paragraph A9, wherein said water treatment polymer be selected from Wickenol CPS 325, prism polymers, based on the polymkeric substance of sulphonate and their mixture.

A12. according to the technique of paragraph A1, wherein said treatment agent is be selected from following emulsion splitter: polyamine; Daiamid; Poly-imines; The polycondensate of Ortho Toluidine and formaldehyde; Quaternary ammonium compound; Ionogenic surfactant; Polyoxyethylene alkylphenol, its sulfonate and sulfonate sodium thereof; Polyalkoxide segmented copolymer and ester derivative; Alkylphenol-aldehyde resins alkoxide; The polyalkoxide of polyvalent alcohol or glycidyl ether; Polyamine polyalkoxide and associated cation polymkeric substance; Urethane (carbamate) and polyalkoxide derivative; Hyperbranched polymer; Vinyl polymer; Organosilicon polymer; With their mixture.

A13. according to the technique of paragraph A12, wherein said emulsion splitter is polyamine.

A14. according to the technique of paragraph A1, wherein said oily solid be selected from following in any one: from the drilling mud of drill-well operation; The oiliness settling coating of in-line; Settling precipitation on unrefined oil tank, container and separator; Top coat on equipment; From the waste oil of operating upstream; From the waste oil of refuse processing facility; From the oily solid of heavy oil upgrading operation; From the solid that the technique for removing mercury from hydrocarbon material reclaims; Leak cleaning material; With their mixture.

A15. according to the technique of paragraph A14, wherein said oily solid comprises and is selected from gac, polymeric material and diatomaceous particulate, and it is removed in filtering unit from the mercury for removing mercury from hydrocarbon and reclaims.

A16. according to the technique of paragraph A1, wherein said treatment agent is sodium sulfhydrate.

A17. the technique of refiltered oil from the oily solid of the mercury containing the first amount, described technique comprises: the described oily solid containing mercury of mixing and at least one are selected from the treatment agent of flocculation agent, sulfocompound, emulsion splitter and combination thereof, form mixture, wherein, based on the Weight computation of described oily solid, described treatment agent exists with the amount of 0.001 % by weight-10 % by weight; By the hydrocarbon material of q.s with the hydrocarbon material of 50:1-2000:1: the weight ratio of oily solid is added in described mixture; Be separated described mixture to reclaim containing there is the oil of process of mercury of described first amount being less than 50% and the first-phase of hydrocarbon material and containing the second-phase of solid of process of mercury with the second amount, wherein said second mercury quantity is less than described first amount.

A18. according to the technique of paragraph A17, wherein said treatment agent is the flocculation agent being selected from water treatment polymer.

A19. according to the technique of paragraph A18, wherein said water treatment polymer is cationic-type polyacrylamide.

A20. the technique of refiltered oil from the oily solid of the mercury containing the first amount, described technique comprises: the oily solid of the described mercury containing the first amount of mixing and water and the treatment agent being selected from flocculation agent, sulfocompound, emulsion splitter and combination thereof, form mixture, wherein said treatment agent exists with the amount of the weighing scale 0.001 % by weight-10 % by weight based on described oily solid, and described water is with the water of 50:1-2000:1: the q.s of the weight ratio of oily solid adds; Be separated first-phase that described mixture is oil containing process in water and containing the second-phase of solid of process of mercury with the second amount, wherein said second mercury quantity is less than described first mercury quantity; The first-phase being separated the described oil containing the process in water with reclaim the water of the mercury containing described first amount had more than 50% the first logistics and containing second logistics of oil of process of mercury with described first amount being less than 50%.

A21. according to the technique of paragraph A20, wherein said treatment agent is sulfide, and it produces S when being dissolved in the water ^2-, SH ^-, S _x ^2-or S _xh ^-negatively charged ion.

A22. according to the technique of paragraph A21, wherein said sulphur compound is selected from sodium polysulphide, ammonium polysulfide, the polymkeric substance of sulfur compound, alkaline sulfides, alkali metal bisulfide, ammonium sulfide and their mixture.

A23. according to the technique of paragraph A20, it also comprises the first logistics injection dilution oil or gas reservoir of the described recovery containing water.

A24. according to the technique of paragraph A20, it also comprises makes the first logistics of the described recovery containing water as diluted fluid recirculation to inject oil or gas reservoir.

25. according to the technique of paragraph A20, and wherein said water treatment polymer is cationic-type polyacrylamide.

B1. from the technique containing refiltered oil Hg solid, described technique comprises: provide containing abradant containing Hg solid, the described mercury containing Hg solid with the first amount; Mixing described containing abradant containing Hg solid and solvent and sulfocompound, form mixture, wherein said sulfocompound is with the sulphur compound of 5:1-5,000:1: the mol ratio existence of mercury, and described sulfocompound produces S when being dissolved in the water ^2-, SH ^-, S _x ^2-or S _xh ^-negatively charged ion; Be separated described mixture with the first-phase reclaimed containing solvent and the second-phase containing the abradant processed with the second mercury quantity being less than described first mercury quantity.

B2. according to the technique of paragraph B1, wherein said solvent is water and the described first-phase containing water has the mercury of described first amount more than 50% and the described second-phase containing the abradant processed has the mercury of described first amount being less than 50%.

B3. according to the technique of paragraph B2, the wherein said first-phase containing water has the mercury of described first amount more than 75% and the abradant of described process has the mercury of described first amount being less than 25%.

B4. according to the technique of paragraph B3, the wherein said first-phase containing water has the mercury of described first amount more than 90% and the abradant of described process has the mercury of described first amount being less than 10%.

B5. according to the technique of paragraph B4, the abradant of wherein said process has and is less than 100ppbw mercury.

B6. according to the technique of paragraph B1, comprising containing Hg solid containing abradant is wherein provided: by abradant abrasive blasting, laser excision, LASER HEAT desorption, the abrasive blasting of sponge jet and the mercurous surface of combination removing thereof at least partially.

B7. according to the technique of paragraph B6, wherein abradant abrasive blasting is by sandblasting, fluid power abrasive blasting, CO ₂spherolite abrasive blasting, air blast, waterpower abrasive blasting and use in the surperficial abrasive blasting of gravel, shot, slag, flying dust, organic shell, carbamate and combination thereof any one carry out.

B8. according to the technique of paragraph B6, wherein said mercurous surface before abradant abrasive blasting by decatize, decatize-stripping, detergent washing, solvent wash, rinse with rare gas element and add any one of hankering and carry out de-oiling.

B9. according to the technique of paragraph B1, wherein described in the described abradant processed the second amount mercury for be greater than 50% improve measured metacinnabarite by ReitveldXRD.

B10. according to the technique of paragraph B1, wherein said abradant is selected from sand, aluminum oxide, metallic particles, zirconium white, titanium oxide and their mixture.

B11. according to the technique of paragraph B1, wherein said sulphur compound is selected from potassium sulphide, sodium sulphite (Na ₂s), sodium sulfhydrate (NaSH), potassium polysulfide, sodium polysulphide (Na ₂s _x), ammonium sulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s], hydrosulfide of ammonia (NH ₄hS), ammonium polysulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s _x], 1 race of these materials and 2 race's counterpart and combinations thereof, and wherein said sulphur compound makes mercury change into soluble mercury complex compound.

B12. according to the technique of paragraph B11, wherein said sulphur compound is sodium sulfhydrate.

B13. according to the technique of paragraph B1, it also comprises the described abradant processed of recovery to use as the abrasive blasting medium in abrasive blasting equipment.

B14. according to the technique of paragraph B1, wherein said solvent is with the liquid of 15:1-10,000:1: the weight ratio of solid adds, and wherein said solvent added before the described mixture of separation.

B15. according to the technique of paragraph B14, wherein said solvent be water and wherein water with the water of 50:1-2,000:1: the weight ratio containing Hg solid adds.

B16. according to the technique of paragraph B15, wherein said solvent is selected from primitive water, aquifer water, seawater, de-salted water, oil field extracted water, industrial by-products water and combination thereof.

B17. according to the technique of paragraph B1, wherein said separation is undertaken by any one in gravity separation, centrifugation, rotary filter press and combination thereof.

B18. from the technique containing refiltered oil Hg solid, described technique comprises: provide by abradant abrasive blasting, laser excision, LASER HEAT desorption, the abrasive blasting of sponge jet and combination thereof to remove from surface that mercurous coating obtains containing abradant containing Hg solid, the described mercury containing Hg solid with the first amount; What in water, contain abradant described in mixing contains Hg solid and sulfocompound, and form mixture, wherein said sulfocompound is with the sulphur compound of 5:1-5,000:1: the mol ratio of mercury exists, and described sulfocompound produces S when being dissolved in the water ^2-, SH ^-, S _x ^2-or S _xh ^-negatively charged ion; Be separated described mixture with reclaim the water containing the mercury with described first amount being less than 50% first-phase and containing the second-phase of abradant of process of mercury with the second amount being less than described first mercury quantity.

B19. according to the technique of paragraph B18, wherein said sulphur compound is selected from sodium polysulphide, ammonium polysulfide, the polymkeric substance of sulfur compound, alkaline sulfides, alkali metal bisulfide, ammonium sulfide and their mixture, and wherein said sulphur compound makes mercury change into soluble mercury complex compound.

B20. according to the technique of paragraph B18, it also comprises the described abradant processed of recovery to use as the abrasive blasting medium in abrasive blasting equipment.

B21. according to the technique of paragraph B18, the abradant of wherein said process contains and is less than 100ppbw mercury.

C1. the technique of refiltered oil from oily solid, described technique comprises: provide from mercury remove filtering unit containing fine-grained oily solid, described oily solid has the mercury of the first amount and the mercury of the first concentration; Mix described oily solid and at least one sulfocompound, form mixture, wherein said sulfocompound is with the sulphur compound more than 10:1: the mol ratio of mercury exists, and described sulfocompound produces S when being dissolved in the water ^2-, SH ^-, S _x ^2-or S _xh ^-negatively charged ion; Be separated described mixture with reclaim the oil of the process containing the mercury with described first amount being less than 50% first-phase and containing the second-phase of solid of process of mercury with the second amount being less than described first mercury quantity.

C2. according to the technique of paragraph C1, wherein said particulate comprises aids,filter.

C3. according to the technique of paragraph C2, wherein said aids,filter is selected from gac, polymeric material, diatomite and combination thereof.

C4. according to the technique of paragraph C3, wherein said particulate comprises diatomite.

C5. according to the technique of paragraph C1, the solid of the process of wherein said recovery has the mercury of described first amount being less than 50%.

C6. according to the technique of paragraph C5, the solid of the process of wherein said recovery has the mercury of described first amount being less than 25%.

C7. according to the technique of paragraph C1, the oil of the process of wherein said recovery is containing being less than 100ppbw mercury.

C8. according to the technique of paragraph C1, wherein described in described oily solid the first concentration mercury for be greater than 50% improve measured metacinnabarite by ReitveldXRD.

C9. according to the technique of paragraph C1, wherein said separation is undertaken by any one in gravity separation, filtration, centrifugation, rotary filter press, filtration and combination thereof.

C10. according to the technique of paragraph C1, wherein wherein said sulphur compound is selected from potassium sulphide, sodium sulphite (Na ₂s), sodium sulfhydrate (NaSH), potassium polysulfide, sodium polysulphide (Na ₂s _x), ammonium sulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s], hydrosulfide of ammonia (NH ₄hS), ammonium polysulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s _x], 1 race of these materials and 2 race's counterpart and combinations thereof, and wherein said sulphur compound makes mercury change into soluble mercury complex compound.

C11. according to the technique of paragraph C10, wherein said sulphur compound is sodium sulfhydrate.

C12. according to the technique of paragraph C1, it also comprises and is added in described oily solid by the water of q.s, make water: the weight ratio of oily solid is 15:1-10,000:1, wherein said water added before the described mixture of separation and the first-phase of wherein said recovery contains the mixture of oil in water processed.

C13. according to the technique of paragraph C12, wherein water is with the water of 50:1-2,000:1: the weight ratio of oily solid adds.

C14. according to the technique of paragraph C12, wherein said solvent is selected from tap water, undrinkable water, primitive water, aquifer water, seawater, de-salted water, oil field extracted water, industrial by-products water and combination thereof.

C15. according to the technique of paragraph C12, it also comprises the described first-phase of separation to reclaim the water of the oil with the process of the mercury of described first amount being less than 50% and the mercury with described first amount more than 50%.

C16. according to the technique of paragraph C15, the separation of wherein said first-phase is undertaken by any one in gravity separation, filtration, centrifugation, rotary filter press, filtration and combination thereof.

17. from oily solid the technique of refiltered oil, described technique comprises: provide the oily solid containing aids,filter removing filtering unit from mercury, described oily solid has the mercury of the first amount; Mix described oily solid and water, make water: the weight ratio of oily solid is 15:1-10,000:1, and the sulfocompound of q.s, makes sulphur compound: the mol ratio of mercury is more than 10:1, and form mixture, wherein said sulfocompound produces S when being dissolved in the water ^2-, SH ^-, S _x ^2-or S _xh ^-negatively charged ion; Be separated first-phase that described mixture is oil containing process in water and containing the second-phase of solid of mercury with the second amount, wherein said second mercury quantity is less than described first mercury quantity; With the first-phase being separated the described oil containing the process in water with reclaim the water of the mercury containing described first amount had more than 50% the first logistics and containing have be less than described first amount 50% second logistics of oil of process of mercury.

C18. according to the technique of paragraph C17, wherein said sulphur compound is selected from sodium polysulphide, ammonium polysulfide, the polymkeric substance of sulfur compound, alkaline sulfides, alkali metal bisulfide, ammonium sulfide and their mixture, and wherein said sulphur compound makes mercury change into soluble mercury complex.

C19. according to the technique of paragraph C17, wherein said wet concentration is from primitive water, aquifer water, seawater, de-salted water, oil field extracted water, industrial by-products water and combination thereof.

C20. according to the technique of paragraph C17, wherein: the filtration unit that described oily solid is removed in filtering unit at described mercury by back flushing obtains from described mercury removal filtering unit to reclaim described aids,filter.

C21. according to the technique of paragraph C17, the recirculation at least partially of the described solid of the mercury making there is the second amount is also comprised to be used as the filtration medium removed at mercury in filtering unit.

C22. according to the technique of paragraph C20, wherein have the described solid of the mercury of the second amount at least partially by making described solid forward direction in the solution through strainer until obtain adequate thickness and recirculation.

Claims

1., from the technique of refiltered oil the oily solid containing the mercury of the first amount and the mercury of the first concentration, described technique comprises:

The described oily solid containing mercury of mixing with the treatment agent of the amount of the weighing scale 0.001-10 % by weight based on described oily solid, form mixture, wherein said treatment agent is selected from flocculation agent, sulfocompound, emulsion splitter and combination thereof;

Be separated described mixture with reclaim the oil of the process containing the mercury with described first amount being less than 50% first-phase and containing the second-phase of solid of process of mercury with the second amount, wherein said second mercury quantity is less than described first amount.

2. the technique of claim 1, wherein described in described oily solid the mercury of the first concentration be greater than 50% improve measured metacinnabarite by ReitveldXRD, and the oil of the process of described recovery has the mercury concentration being less than 100ppbw.

3. the technique any one of claim 1-2, it also comprises:

With the solvent of 15:1-10,000:1 in described oily solid: the weight ratio of oily solid adds the solvent that at least one is selected from water, light hydrocarbon material and crude oil;

Wherein said solvent added before reclaiming first-phase at the described mixture of separation; And wherein said first-phase contains the mixture of oil in described solvent processed.

4. the technique any one of claim 1-2, its described mixture also comprising oil that separating treatment crosses and solvent with reclaim the oil with the process of the mercury of 50% of the mercury being less than described first amount and contain at least 50% the described solvent of mercury of described first amount.

5. the technique any one of claim 1-2, wherein said solvent is water and wherein said separation is undertaken by any one in gravity separation, filtration, centrifugation, rotary filter press and combination thereof.

6. the technique any one of claim 1-2, wherein said treatment agent is selected from: a) sulphur compound, and it produces S when being dissolved in the water ^2-, SH ^-, S _x ^2-and S _xh ^-at least one in negatively charged ion, and wherein said sulphur compound makes mercury change into soluble mercury complex compound; B) water treatment polymer, it by removing the mineral substance of dissolving from water with mineral substance complexing; And c) emulsion splitter, it is selected from polyamine; Daiamid; Poly-imines; The condenses of Ortho Toluidine and formaldehyde; Quaternary ammonium compound; Ionogenic surfactant; Polyoxyethylene alkylphenol, its sulfonate and sulfonate sodium thereof; Polyalkoxide segmented copolymer and ester derivative; Alkylphenol-aldehyde resins alkoxide; The polyalkoxide of polyvalent alcohol or glycidyl ether; Polyamine polyalkoxide and associated cation polymkeric substance; Urethane (carbamate) and polyalkoxide derivative; Hyperbranched polymer; Vinyl polymer; Organosilicon polymer; With their mixture.

7. the technique of claim 6, wherein said treatment agent is sulphur compound, and this sulphur compound is selected from potassium sulphide, sodium sulphite (Na ₂s), sodium sulfhydrate (NaSH), potassium polysulfide, sodium polysulphide (Na ₂s _x), ammonium sulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s], hydrosulfide of ammonia (NH ₄hS), ammonium polysulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s _x], 1 race of these materials and 2 race's counterpart and combinations thereof.

8. the technique of claim 6, wherein said treatment agent is water treatment polymer, and it is selected from non-ionic polymers; Anionic polymer; Cationic polymers; There is multipolymer and their mixture of any one in functional group's acrylamide, vinylformic acid, amine, acrylate, ethyleneimine, oxyethane.

9. the technique of claim 8, wherein said water treatment polymer be selected from Wickenol CPS 325, prism polymers, based on the polymkeric substance of sulphonate and their mixture.

10. the technique any one of claim 1-2, wherein said oily solid is selected from any one in following thing: from the drilling mud of drill-well operation; The oiliness settling coating of in-line; Settling precipitation on unrefined oil tank, container and separator; Top coat on equipment; From the waste oil of operating upstream; From the waste oil of refuse processing facility; From the oily solid of heavy oil upgrading operation; From the solid that the technique for removing mercury from hydrocarbon material reclaims; Leak cleaning material; That reclaims from the mercury removal filtering unit for removing mercury from hydrocarbon is selected from gac, polymeric material and diatomaceous particulate; With their mixture.

11. from the technique containing refiltered oil Hg solid, and described technique comprises:

There is provided containing abradant containing Hg solid, the described mercury containing Hg solid with the first amount;

Described the contain Hg solid and solvent and sulfocompound of mixing containing abradant is to form mixture, and wherein said sulfocompound is with the sulphur compound of 5:1-5,000:1: the mol ratio of mercury exists, and described sulfocompound produces S when being dissolved in the water ^2-, SH ^-, S _x ^2-or S _xh ^-negatively charged ion;

Be separated described mixture to reclaim first-phase containing solvent and containing the second-phase of abradant of process of mercury with the second amount being less than described first mercury quantity.

The technique of 12. claims 11, wherein said solvent is water and the described first-phase containing water has the mercury of described first amount being greater than 50% and the described second-phase containing the abradant processed has the mercury of described first amount being less than 50%, and the wherein said abradant processed has the mercury being less than 100ppbw.

Technique any one of 13. claim 11-12, wherein provides comprising containing Hg solid containing abradant:

By abradant abrasive blasting, laser excision, LASER HEAT desorption, the abrasive blasting of sponge jet and the mercurous surface of combination removing thereof at least partially.

The technique of 14. claims 13, wherein abradant abrasive blasting is by sandblasting, fluid power abrasive blasting, CO ₂any one in the surperficial abrasive blasting of any one in spherolite abrasive blasting, air blast, waterpower abrasive blasting and use gravel, shot, slag, flying dust, organic shell, carbamate and combination thereof is carried out; And wherein said abradant is selected from sand, aluminum oxide, metallic particles, zirconium white, titanium oxide and their mixture.

15. techniques according to claim 11, wherein described in the described abradant processed the second amount mercury for be greater than 50% improve measured metacinnabarite by ReitveldXRD.

The technique of 16. claims 11, wherein said sulphur compound is selected from potassium sulphide, sodium sulphite (Na ₂s), sodium sulfhydrate (NaSH), potassium polysulfide, sodium polysulphide (Na ₂s _x), ammonium sulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s], hydrosulfide of ammonia (NH ₄hS), ammonium polysulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s _x], 1 race of these materials and 2 race's counterpart and combinations thereof, and wherein said sulphur compound makes mercury change into soluble mercury complex compound.

The technique of 17. claims 11, also comprises:

Reclaim the described abradant processed to be used as the abrasive blasting medium in abrasive blasting equipment.

The technique of 18. claims 1, wherein said solvent is with the liquid of 15:1-10,000:1: the weight ratio of solid adds, and wherein said solvent added before the described mixture of separation.

The technique of 19. claims 14, wherein said solvent is with the solvent of 50:1-2,000:1: the weight ratio containing Hg solid adds, and described solvent is selected from primitive water, aquifer water, seawater, de-salted water, oil field extracted water, industrial by-products water and combination thereof.

The technique of 20. claims 11, wherein said separation is undertaken by any one in gravity separation, centrifugation, rotary filter press and combination thereof.

21. from oily solid the technique of refiltered oil, described technique comprises:

There is provided from mercury remove filtering unit containing fine-grained oily solid, described oily solid has the mercury of the first amount and the mercury of the first concentration;

Mix described oily solid and at least one sulfocompound, form mixture, wherein said sulfocompound is with the sulphur compound more than 10:1: the mol ratio of mercury exists, and described sulfocompound produces S when being dissolved in the water ^2-, SH ^-, S _x ^2-or S _xh ^-negatively charged ion;

Be separated described mixture with reclaim the oil of the process containing the mercury with described first amount being less than 50% first-phase and containing the second-phase of solid of process of mercury with the second amount being less than described first mercury quantity.

The technique of 22. claims 21, wherein said particulate comprises the aids,filter being selected from gac, polymeric material, diatomite and combination thereof.

Technique any one of 23. claim 21-22, the solid of the process of wherein said recovery has the mercury of described first amount being less than 50%.

Technique any one of 24. claim 21-22, the oil of the process of wherein said recovery is containing being less than 100ppbw mercury.

Technique any one of 25. claim 21-22, wherein said sulphur compound is selected from potassium sulphide, sodium sulphite (Na ₂s), sodium sulfhydrate (NaSH), potassium polysulfide, sodium polysulphide (Na ₂s _x), ammonium sulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s], hydrosulfide of ammonia (NH ₄hS), ammonium polysulfide [(NH ₄) ₂s _x], 1 race of these materials and 2 race's counterpart and combinations thereof, and wherein said sulphur compound makes mercury change into soluble mercury complex compound.

The technique of 26. claims 1, also comprises:

The water of q.s is added to make water: the weight ratio of oily solid is 15:1-10,000:1 in described oily solid,

Wherein said water added before the described mixture of separation, and

The first-phase of wherein said recovery contains the mixture of oil in water processed.

The technique of 27. claims 26, also comprises:

Be separated described first-phase to reclaim the water of the oil with the process of the mercury of described first amount being less than 50% and the mercury with described first amount more than 50%.