CN105189174B - 具有在曲轴处的电驱动装置的内燃机 - Google Patents

具有在曲轴处的电驱动装置的内燃机 Download PDF

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CN105189174B
CN105189174B CN201380076414.6A CN201380076414A CN105189174B CN 105189174 B CN105189174 B CN 105189174B CN 201380076414 A CN201380076414 A CN 201380076414A CN 105189174 B CN105189174 B CN 105189174B
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combustion engine
bent axle
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stator
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CN105189174A (zh
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约翰内斯·沃伦贝格
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/24—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B73/00—Combinations of two or more engines, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F7/00—Casings, e.g. crankcases or frames
    • F02F7/0043—Arrangements of mechanical drive elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
    • F16C3/04—Crankshafts, eccentric-shafts; Cranks, eccentrics
    • F16C3/06—Crankshafts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C7/00—Connecting-rods or like links pivoted at both ends; Construction of connecting-rod heads
    • F16C7/02—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length
    • F16C7/023—Constructions of connecting-rods with constant length for piston engines, pumps or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
    • H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/008—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output wherein the generator is controlled by the requirements of the prime mover
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/06—Combustion engines, Gas turbines
    • B60W2510/0685—Engine crank angle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

一种内燃机，具有曲轴(1)，曲轴布置在内燃机的曲轴箱(2)中。曲轴(1)具有至少两个轴颈(3)，轴颈支承在曲轴箱(2)的各一个主轴承(4)中，从而使曲轴(1)能够围绕旋转轴线(5)旋转。曲轴(1)具有至少一个与旋转轴线(5)同轴地延伸的并且相对于旋转轴线(5)偏心地布置的曲柄销(6)，曲柄销通过曲柄臂(7)与轴颈(3)连接。曲柄销(6)通过多个连杆(9)与多个活塞(10)连接。活塞(10)在多个汽缸(11)中分别在上止点(OT)和下止点(UT)之间摆动。在曲柄臂(7)处布置有电机的转子(12)。在曲轴箱(2)处布置电机的定子(14)。电机的定子(14)与电机的转子(12)电磁地相互作用。电机的定子(14)为了双向地传递电能而与变流器单元(15)连接。

Description

具有在曲轴处的电驱动装置的内燃机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内燃机，
-其中，内燃机具有曲轴，曲轴布置在内燃机的曲轴箱中，
-其中，曲轴具有至少两个轴颈，轴颈支承在曲轴箱的各一个主轴承中，使得曲轴能够围绕旋转轴线旋转，
-其中，曲轴具有至少一个与旋转轴线同轴地延伸的并且相对于旋转轴线偏心地布置的曲柄销，曲柄销通过曲柄臂与轴颈连接，
-其中，曲柄销通过多个连杆与多个活塞连接，
-其中，活塞在多个汽缸中分别在上止点和下止点之间摆动。
背景技术
这类内燃机通常是已知的。尤其是每种常见的活塞发动机-即不管是两冲程还是四冲程的-都根据该原理工作。
在内燃机的循环中的能量转换具有比较低的效率。尤其是活塞运动的时间上的变化基本通过与由内燃机驱动的负载相关联的燃烧参数以及通过活塞-连杆-曲轴运动学确定。尤其是活塞-连杆-曲轴运动学代表了在优化循环过程时的限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，对开头所述类型的内燃机进行进一步改进，使得内燃机紧凑地构造、可靠并且高效地工作并且能够以简单的方式受控地运行。
该目的通过一种内燃机实现。
-其中，内燃机具有曲轴，曲轴布置在内燃机的曲轴箱中，
-其中，曲轴具有至少两个轴颈，轴颈支承在曲轴箱的各一个主轴承中，使得曲轴能够围绕旋转轴线旋转，
-其中，曲轴具有至少一个与旋转轴线同轴地延伸的并且相对于旋转轴线偏心地布置的曲柄销，曲柄销通过曲柄臂与轴颈连接，
-其中，曲柄销通过多个连杆与多个活塞连接，
-其中，活塞在多个汽缸中分别在上止点和下止点之间摆动,
-其中，在曲柄臂处布置电机的转子，
-其中，在曲轴箱处布置电机的定子，
-其中，电机的定子与电机的转子电磁地相互作用，以及
-其中，为曲轴分配位置传感器，借助位置传感器检测曲轴的转动位置，
-电机的定子为了双向地传递电能而与变流器单元连接，
-转动位置提供给用于变流器单元的控制装置，并且
-控制装置控制变流器单元，使得根据曲轴的转动位置使能随时间变化的转矩针对性地施加到曲轴上，并且因此主动地干涉曲轴运动并且由此干涉内燃机的工作腔中的压力变化曲线和燃烧表现。
根据本发明，开头所述类型的内燃机如下地设计，即
-电机的定子为了双向地传递电能而与变流器单元连接，
-为曲轴分配位置传感器，借助位置传感器检测曲轴的转动位置，
-转动位置提供给用于变流器单元的控制装置，并且
-控制装置如下地控制变流器单元，使得根据曲轴的转动位置使能随时间变化的转矩针对性地施加到曲轴上，并且因此主动地干涉曲轴运动并且由此干涉内燃机的工作腔中的压力变化曲线和燃烧表现。
在根据本发明的内燃机的一个优选的设计方案中，定子布置在曲轴箱的外侧处。尤其是在这种情况中，曲轴箱至少在以下的区域中由不能磁化的或者仅能弱磁化的材料构成，该区域布置在电机的定子和转子之间。
可行的是，转子-参考旋转轴线-在全圆上延伸、也就是完全地围绕旋转轴线。替代的是，转子仅仅在转子扇段上延伸。
以类似的方式可行的是，定子-参考旋转轴线-在全圆上延伸，也就是完全地围绕旋转轴线。替代的是，定子仅仅在定子扇段上延伸。
在内燃机中，在曲柄臂处经常布置有平衡重。在根据本发明的内燃机的一个优选的设计方案中，电机的转子布置在至少一个平衡重处。
有利的是，为曲轴分配一个位置传感器，借助位置传感器检测曲轴的转动位置。在该种情况中，转动位置能够传输给用于变流器单元的控制装置，并且控制装置能够根据曲轴的转动位置控制变流器单元。
内燃机通常具有蓄电池。在这种情况中，通过蓄电池为变流器单元供电。
附图说明
本发明的上述属征、特性和优点以及如何实现这些的方式和方法结合接下来借助附图详细阐述的对实施例的描述更清楚易懂。在此以示意图示出：
图1是内燃机的纵剖面，以及
图2是图1中的内燃机的横截面。
具体实施方式
根据附图，内燃机具有曲轴1。曲轴1布置在内燃机的曲轴箱2中。曲轴1具有至少两个轴颈3。轴颈3支承在曲轴箱2的各一个主轴承4中。曲轴1由此能够围绕旋转轴线5旋转。
曲轴1还具有曲柄销6。曲柄销6与旋转轴线5同轴地延伸，然而相对于旋转轴线5偏心地布置。曲柄销6通过曲柄臂7与轴颈3连接。在曲柄臂7处能够径向靠外地布置平衡重8。
曲柄销6通过连杆9与活塞10连接。活塞10在汽缸11中分别在上止点OT和下止点UT之间摆动。
在曲柄臂7处设置有电机的转子12。转子12优选地尽可能径向靠外地布置。转子12尤其能够布置在平衡重8的至少一个处。
转子12例如可以根据图1中的图示包括永磁铁13。在该种情况中，电机设计为永磁激励的同步电机。替代的是，转子12可以具有线圈。在该种情况中，电机设计为电激励同步电机。再次替代的是，电机可以例如设计成异步电机。另外的设计方案也是可行的。
转子12多数情况并不在全圆上延伸而是仅仅在扇段α上延伸，接下来称为转子扇段α。转子扇段α通常在90°和180°之间，例如为大约100°至120°。然而，当转子12布置在活塞10的运动区域之外时，在全圆上的延伸是可行的。
在曲轴箱2处布置有电机的定子14。定子14在径向磁通电机的情况中优选地尽可能径向靠内地布置。在轴向磁通电机的情况中，定子14布置成到旋转轴线5有与转子12相同的径向间距。定子14与转子12电磁地相互作用。
电机的定子14为了双向地传递能量而与变流器单元15连接。电机-根据变流器单元15的控制状态-用作发电机或者电动机。
根据附图，定子14优选地布置在曲轴箱2的外侧处。曲轴箱2因此处于转子12和定子14之间，也就是处于所谓的气隙中。因此，优选的是，曲轴箱2至少在以下的区域中由不可磁化的材料构成，该区域布置在电机的定子14和转子12之间。适合的材料的一个实例是铝。替代地能考虑耐热的塑料，例如聚酰亚胺。替代地，曲轴箱2可以在该区域中由仅能弱磁化的材料制成，例如由高合金钢制成。
与转子12类似的是，定子14多数情况下也不在全圆上延伸，而是仅仅在扇段β上延伸，接下来称为定子扇段β。定子扇段β通常在90°和180°之间，例如为大约100°至120°。根据附图，定子扇段β的值与转子扇段α的值相同。然而这并不必是强制性的。与转子12类似，当定子14布置在汽缸11之外时，在全圆上的延伸也是可行的。
为了符合规定地对变流器单元15进行控制，存在控制装置16。然而，为了能够对变流器单元15进行符合规定的控制，附加地经常必需的是，控制装置16(此外)获知曲轴1的转动位置因此，为曲轴1优选地分配位置传感器17，借助位置传感器检测转动位置该检测到的转动位置在该种情况中被提供给控制装置16。控制装置16因此能够根据曲轴1的转动位置控制变流器单元15。转动位置可以-例如在单汽缸四冲程发动机的情况中-涉及模数720°(＝4π)。通常该测定达到模数360°(＝2π)。
在一些情况中-例如在作为备用发电机的应用中或者在作为机动车的主驱动装置的应用中-，内燃机具有蓄电池18。在该种情况中例如可行的是，变流器单元15(也许包括控制装置16和电机的可能的另外的组件)通过蓄电池18来供应电能。
通过将电机集成到内燃机中，可以取决于时间和位置地将转矩针对性地施加到曲轴1上。借助控制装置16能够-在电机和变流器单元15的有效功率的框架中-预设随时间变化的转矩。因此，获得了对活塞运动的主动干预的可行性并且由此对内燃机的工作腔19中的压力变化曲线和燃烧表现的主动干预的可行性。
电机和变流器单元15可以根据需要地确定规格。二者可以-类似于汽车发动机的电启动器或者发电机-仅仅辅助性地起作用。替代的是，电机和变流器单元15也可以这样地确定规格，即几乎将由内燃机提供的全部机械能转换成电能。
根据本发明的内燃机已经在上面结合单缸发动机进行了描述。然而其也能毫无问题地应用在具有多个汽缸11的内燃机中。汽缸11在该种情况中可以任意布置成串行、V型，星型等等。在该种情况中，对于每个汽缸11分别存在一个活塞10。对于每个活塞10此外存在至少一个-通常各一个-连杆9。在一些情况中，每个连杆9与各一个自有的曲柄销6连接，例如在直列式发动机的情况中。在另外的一些情况中，例如在星型发动机、V型发动机中和对置式发动机中，对于每个曲柄销6分别存在多个连杆9。
尽管本发明在细节上通过优选的实施例进一步说明和阐述，但是本发明并不局限于公开的实例并且本领域技术人员可以由此推导出其他的变体，而不脱离本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种内燃机，
-其中，所述内燃机具有曲轴(1)，所述曲轴布置在所述内燃机的曲轴箱(2)中，
-其中，所述曲轴(1)具有至少两个轴颈(3)，所述轴颈支承在所述曲轴箱(2)的各一个主轴承(4)中，从而使所述曲轴(1)能够围绕旋转轴线(5)旋转，
-其中，所述曲轴(1)具有至少一个与所述旋转轴线(5)同轴地延伸的并且相对于所述旋转轴线(5)偏心地布置的曲柄销(6)，所述曲柄销通过曲柄臂(7)与所述轴颈(3)连接，
-其中，所述曲柄销(6)通过多个连杆(9)与多个活塞(10)连接，
-其中，所述活塞(10)在多个汽缸(11)中分别在上止点(OT)和下止点(UT)之间摆动，
-其中，在所述曲柄臂(7)处布置电机的转子(12)，
-其中，在所述曲轴箱(2)处布置所述电机的定子(14)，
-其中，所述电机的所述定子(14)与所述电机的所述转子(12)电磁地相互作用，以及
-其中，为所述曲轴(1)分配位置传感器(17)，借助所述位置传感器检测所述曲轴(1)的转动位置
其特征在于，
-所述电机的定子(14)为了双向地传递电能而与变流器单元(15)连接，
-所述转动位置提供给用于所述变流器单元(15)的控制装置(16)，并且
-所述控制装置(16)控制所述变流器单元(15)，使得根据所述曲轴(1)的所述转动位置使能随时间变化的转矩针对性地施加到所述曲轴(1)上，并且因此主动地干涉曲轴运动并且由此干涉所述内燃机的工作腔(19)中的压力变化曲线和燃烧表现。
2.根据权利要求1所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述定子(14)布置在所述曲轴箱(2)的外侧处。
3.根据权利要求2所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述曲轴箱(2)至少在布置于所述电机的所述定子(14)和所述转子(12)之间的区域中由不能磁化的或者仅能弱磁化的材料构成。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述转子(12)在全圆上延伸或者仅仅在转子扇段(α)上延伸。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述定子(14)在全圆上延伸或者仅仅在定子扇段(β)上延伸。
6.根据权利要求4所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述定子(14)在全圆上延伸或者仅仅在定子扇段(β)上延伸。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，在所述曲柄臂(7)处布置平衡重(8)，并且所述电机的所述转子(12)布置在所述平衡重(8)的至少一个平衡重处。
8.根据权利要求6所述的内燃机，其特征在于，在所述曲柄臂(7)处布置平衡重(8)，并且所述电机的所述转子(12)布置在所述平衡重(8)的至少一个平衡重处。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述内燃机具有蓄电池(18)，并且通过所述蓄电池(18)为所述变流器单元(15)供电。
10.根据权利要求8所述的内燃机，其特征在于，所述内燃机具有蓄电池(18)，并且通过所述蓄电池(18)为所述变流器单元(15)供电。
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