CN105181759A - Method for judging contamination degree of heavy-metal contaminated soil based on indoor test - Google Patents
Method for judging contamination degree of heavy-metal contaminated soil based on indoor test Download PDFInfo
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- CN105181759A CN105181759A CN201510665753.9A CN201510665753A CN105181759A CN 105181759 A CN105181759 A CN 105181759A CN 201510665753 A CN201510665753 A CN 201510665753A CN 105181759 A CN105181759 A CN 105181759A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000003900 soil pollution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003802 soil pollutant Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for judging the contamination degree of heavy-metal contaminated soil based on an indoor test. The method includes the following steps of 1, sampling uncontaminated soil and contaminated soil in a site, and respectively testing the specific resistance of the soil samples; 2, calculating the specific resistance change rate of the contaminated soil sample relative to the uncontaminated soil sample; 3, based on the specific resistance change rate of the contaminated soil sample, determining the heavy metal ultra-standard times of the contaminated soil sample through a relation curve between the heavy metal ultra-standard times and the specific resistance change rate; 4, judging the contamination degree of the contaminated soil sample through the obtained heavy metal ultra-standard times of the contaminated soil sample according to a soil contamination index evaluation standard. The method has the advantages that it is achieved that the contamination degree of the heavy-metal contaminated soil is quantitatively judged, and the contamination degree can be judged according to the value range of the specific resistance change rate; by means of the method, influences of factors such as the moisture content, the void ratio and temperature on testing of the specific resistance of the soil are eliminated, and therefore judgment is more accurate and more suitable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a method for judging the pollution degree of heavy metal polluted soil based on an indoor test.
Background
The land pollution problem in China is increasingly serious, particularly with the adjustment of industrial structures and the acceleration of urbanization process in recent years, a large number of polluted sites which may cause harm to human health are left after a large number of industrial enterprises are moved, and if the sites are developed and utilized again, the sites need to be investigated or repaired as necessary. Before the restoration work is carried out, the judgment of the pollution degree of the heavy metal polluted soil is very important, and the judgment is related to the safety protection level of field workers and is also an important reference factor for the selection of the restoration method.
In recent years, a large number of experimental researches are carried out by domestic and foreign scholars aiming at the electrical properties of the heavy metal contaminated soil, and the researches indicate that the conductivity of the soil is enhanced and the contaminated soil presents a low resistance characteristic due to the existence of heavy metal pollutants, so that the conclusion of providing a theoretical basis for detecting the heavy metal contaminated site by adopting a resistivity method is provided.
Many scholars at home and abroad do basic work on how to judge the heavy metal polluted soil, and precious theoretical achievements are accumulated through indoor simulation tests, soil resistivity model researches and related chemical analyses, so that technical support is provided for resistivity method detection. Some existing resistivity methods have certain research on judging whether soil is polluted or not, but no mature system exists for judging the pollution degree of heavy metal polluted soil by applying resistivity quantification.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for judging the pollution degree of heavy metal polluted soil based on an indoor test according to the defects of the prior art, and the method judges the pollution degree of the polluted soil sample by utilizing the resistivity change rate of the polluted soil sample.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for judging the pollution degree of heavy metal polluted soil based on an indoor test is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) taking an unpolluted soil sample and a polluted soil sample in a field, and respectively testing the resistivity of each soil sample; (2) calculating the resistivity change rate of the polluted soil sample relative to the unpolluted soil sample; (3) determining the heavy metal exceeding multiple of the polluted soil sample according to the resistivity change rate of the polluted soil sample and a relation curve between the heavy metal exceeding multiple and the resistivity change rate; (4) and judging the pollution degree of the polluted soil sample according to the standard evaluation of the soil pollution index by the standard exceeding multiple of the heavy metal of the polluted soil sample.
The method for calculating the resistivity change rate of the polluted soil sample relative to the unpolluted soil sample in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
wherein,the resistivity change rate of the contaminated soil sample relative to the uncontaminated soil sample;the unit is the resistivity of the polluted soil sample and is omega m;the resistivity of the unpolluted soil sample is shown in omega m.
The method for acquiring the relationship curve between the standard exceeding multiple of the heavy metal and the resistivity change rate in the step (3) comprises the following steps: respectively preparing an unpolluted soil sample and polluted soil samples with different heavy metal concentrations under the same condition, and respectively testing the resistivity of each soil sample; respectively calculating the resistivity change rate of each polluted soil sample relative to the unpolluted soil sample; and respectively taking the exceeding multiple of the heavy metal and the resistivity change rate as coordinate axes, and drawing points to establish a relation curve between the exceeding multiple of the heavy metal and the resistivity change rate of the soil sample.
When the pollution degree of the polluted soil sample is judged in the step (4), evaluation is carried out according to the evaluation standard of the soil single pollution index Pi when the polluted soil sample is polluted by single heavy metal, and the method comprises the following steps: adding 1 to the standard exceeding multiple of the heavy metal of the polluted soil sample to obtain a soil single pollution index Pi, and if Pi is less than or equal to 1, determining the soil single pollution index Pi as a non-pollution grade; if Pi is more than 1 and less than or equal to 2, the pollution level is mild; if Pi is more than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the pollution level is moderate; if Pi > 3.0, the grade is a heavy pollution grade.
When the pollution degree of the polluted soil sample is judged in the step (4), the polluted soil sample is polluted by the composite heavy metal according to the comprehensive soil pollution index PNThe evaluation standard is evaluated and comprises the following steps: adding 1 to the standard exceeding multiple of the heavy metal of the polluted soil sample to obtain the soil single pollution index PNIf P isNNo more than 1.0 is a non-pollution grade; if 1.0 < PNThe light pollution grade is less than or equal to 2.0; if 2.0 < PNThe medium pollution grade is less than or equal to 3.0; if PNAnd if the pollution is more than 3.0, the pollution is serious.
The method has the advantages that the pollution degree of the heavy metal polluted soil is quantitatively judged, the pollution degree can be judged according to the numerical range of the resistivity change rate, the method eliminates the influence of factors such as water content, pore ratio, temperature and the like on the soil resistivity test, ensures that the judgment is more accurate and applicable, is favorable for quickly diagnosing the heavy metal polluted site, provides a basis for subsequent investigation and treatment, and greatly saves time and cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of contaminated soil samples prepared indoors according to the present invention at different concentrations of heavy metals;
FIG. 2 shows the resistivity change rate and Cu of different types of soil prepared indoors in the invention2+A concentration overproof multiple relation graph;
FIG. 3 shows the resistivity change rate and Zn of different types of soil prepared indoors in the invention2+A concentration overproof multiple relation graph;
FIG. 4 is a graph of resistivity test results for soil samples taken from contaminated sites in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a table of soil single pollution index evaluation criteria in the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a table of soil comprehensive pollution index evaluation criteria in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The features of the present invention and other related features are described in further detail below by way of example in conjunction with the following drawings to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art:
example (b): as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the present embodiment specifically relates to a method for determining a degree of pollution of heavy metal contaminated soil based on an indoor test, which specifically includes the following steps:
(1) obtaining a relation curve between the standard exceeding multiple of the heavy metal and the resistivity change rate through an indoor test:
a. taking shallow unpolluted soil, selecting silty clay, silt, silty clay and silt clay, drying, grinding and screening a soil sample for later use;
b. artificially preparing an unpolluted soil sample and two soil samples polluted by different heavy metals under the same conditions (same water content, same density and same temperature), wherein the two soil samples polluted by different heavy metals are respectively selected to be Cu2+And Zn2+Preparing soil samples with different concentration gradients, and controlling according to the standard exceeding times exceeding the three-level standard of the soil environment quality standard, namely, the uncontaminated background concentration, the standard value concentration, the standard exceeding times 1, the standard exceeding times 10 and the standard exceeding times 50, as shown in figure 1; it should be noted that reference is made to "soil environmental quality Standard" (GB 15618-1995) under the influence of Cu2+The standard value concentration of the polluted soil sample is 400mg/kg and is affected by Zn2+The standard value concentration of the polluted soil sample is 500 mg/kg;
the specific configuration method is that the copper chloride and the zinc chloride for the indoor experiment configure different Cu2+And Zn2+Concentration (Cu)2+The contamination groups were 0, 400mg/kg, 800mg/kg, 4400mg/kg, 20400 mg/kg; zn2+The contaminated group was 0, 500mg/kg, 1000mg/kg, 5500 mg/ml-kg. 25500 mg/kg), the water content is 30%, the pollutant reagent is accurately weighed according to the set concentration gradient, the pollutant reagent is respectively put into small beakers and dissolved by adding water, the water adding amount is required to be added according to a certain water content, the pollutant reagent is added according to 150g in the experiment, namely the water content is all prepared to be 30%; respectively pouring the prepared solution into a soil sample, uniformly stirring to enable a soil body to be in a fluid state, fully and uniformly stirring the polluted components in the soil, putting the soil into a plastic bag, sealing, and measuring after 24 hours;
c. measuring the resistivity value of each soil sample at room temperature by using a resistivity experimental device, and then calculating the resistivity change rate of the polluted soil sample relative to the unpolluted soil sample, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein,the resistivity change rate of the contaminated soil sample relative to the uncontaminated soil sample;the unit is the resistivity of the polluted soil sample and is omega m;the resistivity of the unpolluted soil sample is shown in the unit of omega m;
d. as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the contaminated soil samples with different standard exceeding multiples of heavy metal all have resistivity change rates corresponding to the contaminated soil samples, the standard exceeding multiples of heavy metal and the resistivity change rates are respectively taken as coordinate axes, point drawing is performed, a relation curve between the standard exceeding multiples of heavy metal and the resistivity change rate is drawn, the relation curve is taken as a basic curve, and when the resistivity change rate of the contaminated soil sample is obtained, the corresponding standard exceeding multiples of heavy metal can be obtained by looking up the relation curve;
(2) in a certain site mainly polluted by heavy metal copper, soil samples in an uncontaminated area and soil samples (1 uncontaminated soil sample and 2 polluted soil samples) in a polluted area are obtained on the spot and are brought back to a laboratory for resistivity test, the resistivity change rates of the polluted soil samples 1 and 2 are respectively obtained through calculation, the calculation formula of the resistivity change rate is already explained in the previous step, so that the detailed description is omitted, and the test and calculation results are shown in fig. 4;
(3) the soil samples taken in the previous step are all silty clay, and according to the resistivity change rate of 2 polluted soil samples, a relation curve between the heavy metal exceeding multiple of the silty clay and the resistivity change rate in the graph in fig. 2 is consulted to obtain heavy metal exceeding multiple corresponding to the polluted soil samples 1 and 2 respectively, as shown in fig. 4, the heavy metal exceeding multiple of the polluted soil sample 1 is 0.3, and the heavy metal exceeding multiple of the polluted soil sample 2 is 1.9;
(4) since the contaminated soil samples 1 and 2 are polluted by single heavy metal, evaluation is carried out according to the evaluation standard of the single soil pollution index shown in figure 5, and the specific steps are as follows:
adding 1 to 0.3 of the standard exceeding multiple of the heavy metal of the polluted soil sample 1, and converting to obtain the single pollution index of the polluted soil sample 1Pi1.3, referring to the soil single pollution index evaluation standard shown in figure 5, the polluted soil sample 1 is known to be slightly polluted;
adding 1 to the standard exceeding multiple of 1.9 of the heavy metal of the polluted soil sample 2, and converting to obtain the single pollution index of the polluted soil sample 2Pi2.9, referring to the soil single pollution index evaluation standard shown in the figure 5, the polluted soil sample 2 is known to be moderately polluted;
wherein, the single pollution index refers to the ratio of the average value monitored by each pollution factor to the standard value, and the calculation formula for calculating the single pollution index is as follows:Pi=Ci/Si(ii) a In the formula:Piis a single pollution index of soil pollutants;Ciis a soil pollutant measurement value;Sievaluating a standard value for soil pollutants; before specific judgment, the standard exceeding multiple of the heavy metal of the polluted soil sample is added with 1 to obtain a single pollution indexPi。
In addition, if the contaminated soil sample is contaminated by the complex heavy metals, the evaluation is performed according to the soil comprehensive contamination index evaluation standard shown in fig. 6, and the comprehensive contamination index P can be obtained by adding 1 to the exceeding multiple of the heavy metals of the contaminated soil sampleNWherein, the comprehensive pollution index method adopts an inner Merlow index method (N.L. Nemerow), and the calculation formula is as follows:
in the formula:
the maximum value of the pollution index in the soil pollutants;
the average value of each pollution index in the soil pollutants;
PNis the pollution index of soil pollutants; ci is a soil pollutant measurement value; and Si is an evaluation standard value of soil pollutants.
Claims (5)
1. A method for judging the pollution degree of heavy metal polluted soil based on an indoor test is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) taking an unpolluted soil sample and a polluted soil sample in a field, and respectively testing the resistivity of each soil sample; (2) calculating the resistivity change rate of the polluted soil sample relative to the unpolluted soil sample; (3) determining the heavy metal exceeding multiple of the polluted soil sample according to the resistivity change rate of the polluted soil sample and a relation curve between the heavy metal exceeding multiple and the resistivity change rate; (4) and judging the pollution degree of the polluted soil sample according to the standard evaluation of the soil pollution index by the standard exceeding multiple of the heavy metal of the polluted soil sample.
2. The method for determining the degree of pollution of heavy metal polluted soil based on the indoor test as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method for calculating the resistivity change rate of the polluted soil sample relative to the unpolluted soil sample in the step (2) comprises the following steps:
wherein,the resistivity change rate of the contaminated soil sample relative to the uncontaminated soil sample;the unit is omega m for the resistivity of the polluted soil sample;the resistivity of the unpolluted soil sample is expressed as omega.
3. The method for judging the degree of pollution of the heavy metal polluted soil based on the indoor test according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the relation curve between the standard exceeding multiple of the heavy metal and the resistivity change rate in the step (3) comprises the following steps: respectively preparing an unpolluted soil sample and polluted soil samples with different heavy metal concentrations under the same condition, and respectively testing the resistivity of each soil sample; respectively calculating the resistivity change rate of each polluted soil sample relative to the unpolluted soil sample; and respectively taking the exceeding multiple of the heavy metal and the resistivity change rate as coordinate axes, and drawing points to establish a relation curve between the exceeding multiple of the heavy metal and the resistivity change rate of the soil sample.
4. The method for judging the degree of pollution of heavy metal contaminated soil based on the indoor test as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when the degree of pollution of the contaminated soil sample is judged, the evaluation is performed according to the evaluation standard of the soil single pollution index Pi when the contaminated soil sample is polluted by a single heavy metal, and the method comprises the following steps: adding 1 to the standard exceeding multiple of the heavy metal of the polluted soil sample to obtain a soil single pollution index Pi, and if Pi is less than or equal to 1, determining the soil single pollution index Pi as a non-pollution grade; if Pi is more than 1 and less than or equal to 2, the pollution level is mild; if Pi is more than 2 and less than or equal to 3, the pollution level is moderate; if Pi > 3.0, the grade is a heavy pollution grade.
5. The method for determining the degree of pollution of heavy metal contaminated soil based on laboratory tests as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), when the degree of pollution of the contaminated soil sample is determined, the contaminated soil sample is contaminated with the heavy metals in a complex manner according to the soil comprehensive pollution index PNThe evaluation standard is evaluated and comprises the following steps: adding 1 to the standard exceeding multiple of the heavy metal of the polluted soil sample to obtain the soil single pollution index PNIf P isNNo more than 1.0 is a non-pollution grade; if 1.0 < PNThe light pollution grade is less than or equal to 2.0; if 2.0 < PNThe medium pollution grade is less than or equal to 3.0; if PNAnd if the pollution is more than 3.0, the pollution is serious.
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