CN101718800A - Haplopore dilution method for determining seepage direction by electrical conductivity - Google Patents
Haplopore dilution method for determining seepage direction by electrical conductivity Download PDFInfo
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- CN101718800A CN101718800A CN200910212712A CN200910212712A CN101718800A CN 101718800 A CN101718800 A CN 101718800A CN 200910212712 A CN200910212712 A CN 200910212712A CN 200910212712 A CN200910212712 A CN 200910212712A CN 101718800 A CN101718800 A CN 101718800A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a haplopore dilution method for determining the seepage direction by electrical conductivity, belonging to the field of seepage and underground water movement observation. The method comprises the steps of measuring hole positions and drilling holes, selecting a tracer according to the difference of the electrical conductivities of field drilling water bodies and determining the seepage direction by using an analytic technology for adsorbing a tracer sand body. The method has simple, convenient and reliable operation; the tracer is selected from a nontoxic strong electrolyte solution or a deionized water solution; in addition, with clear and definite principle, the invention has simple, convenient and safe measuring process, correct and reliable result, environmental protection and safety and can completely replace the traditional method for determining the flow direction of radioactive haplopore.
Description
Technical field
The present invention measures the conductivity single hole dilution method of seepage direction, relates to utilizing tracing and diluting method to measure ground water movement, and is especially a kind of by measuring the method for conductivity variations calculating seepage direction, belongs to seepage flow and ground water movement observation field.
Background technology
The principle of tracer dilution velocity measurement is proposed by Kocherin the earliest, its ultimate principle is in the filter pipe in a vertical exposure water-bearing zone, earlier isolate the water-bearing zone with embolism, use certain tracer agent mark underground water then, and it is evenly mixed with water body, tracer concentration can constantly reduce along with current, records before and after this section water column twice tracer concentration with probe, just can calculate the seepage velocity in water-bearing zone.This method progressively improved through researchists such as Moser, Drost afterwards.
Tracer concentration in satisfying underground waterflow stabilization, instrument connection section mixes under the condition that evenly, does not have hypothesis such as vertical current interference all the time, nineteen fifty-seven, Moser has proposed to measure the radioactivity single hole dilution method of groundwater seepage flow velocity, adopts radioactive isotope as tracer agent mark underground water.
The eighties in last century, the scientific and technical personnel of China are successively from the external radioactive isotope speed-measuring method of having introduced, and new development and breakthrough arranged on tagging instrument equipment and method, and this technology successfully is applied to fields such as hydraulic engineering, metallurgy, coal logging, water resource, environmental protection, obtained gratifying achievement.1988, this method was included into national standard " Code for hydrogelilgical investigation of water supply (GBJ27-88) ".
Radioactivity single hole dilution method principle: under certain hydraulic slope, medium osmosis is strong more, and is just big more by the flow of boring section, and the dilution rate of radioactive indicator concentration is also just fast more.With the detected infiltration current of a small amount of radioactive indicator mark, speed of being diluted by groundwater flow in boring according to radioactive indicator and the direction of being taken out of are determined its characteristics of motion.
Isotope single hole dilution method is the most frequently used seepage direction determination method at present, but its shortcoming is:
The dilution test of isotope single hole belongs in the tracer agent launch process and has hot operation, and radioactive accident takes place in the depositing of emitting isotope, on-the-spot input, protection, test and the support personnel's cooperating easily.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of nontoxicly, "dead", simple to operate, the result utilizes the variation of sediment tracer conductivity in the gaging hole to determine the method for seepage direction accurately.
The conductivity single hole dilution process of measuring seepage direction comprises: select the gaging hole position and the hole of drilling; Difference according to scene boring water body conductivity is chosen tracer agent; Utilization is adsorbed with the analytic technique of tracer agent sand body and measures seepage direction.
Above-mentioned selection gaging hole position and punching are to select geology stable in zone to be measured, the punching of no shatter belt position, and hole depth is to estimating below the seepage flow layer the built-in chimney filter of gaging hole;
The outer existence of above-mentioned chimney filter is filled out gravel bed or is not existed and fills out gravel bed.When chimney filter and gaging hole size to fit, can not be provided with and fill out gravel bed, when chimney filter is too small, can use and fill out gravel bed and help chimney filter to be stabilized in the gaging hole.
Above-mentioned difference according to scene boring water body conductivity is chosen tracer agent and is referred to hole the water body conductivity when low, and choosing strong electrolyte solution is tracer agent; When boring water body conductivity was higher, choosing deionized water was tracer agent.
When above-mentioned water body conductivity is low, refer to that gaging hole water body conductivity is 0～15ms/cm;
When above-mentioned water body conductivity is higher, refer to that gaging hole water body conductivity is＞15ms/cm.
The analytic technique measurement seepage direction that above-mentioned utilization is adsorbed with the tracer agent sand body is: when adopting strong electrolyte tracer agent solution, use the strong electrolyte solution of 2mol/l earlier, insert in the filter screen soaking this solution to sand saturated and that drain, filter screen is put into tested boring, place and take out filter screen after 8～15 minutes, to net tube is that the center of circle is that cut-off rule is divided into 8 with tagged sand with 4 diameters with the tube heart, equivalent tagged sand is taken out in the every outside, drop into respectively in the deionized water of equivalent, measure the conductivity of 8 soaking solutions after fully stirring respectively.
The strong electrolyte that uses as tracer agent among the present invention, the character that the conductivity after mainly utilizing it to be dissolved in the water is directly proportional with concentration, therefore concrete which kind of strong electrolyte of use is not done regulation, as NaCl, KCl, NaNO
3Can use as the tracer agent of strong electrolyte described in the present invention etc. most strong acid and strong base salt.
It is relevant with the actual percolation flow velocity of boring to insert the time that the filter screen of tracer agent sand body is placed in the boring, and the inventor finds through test of many times, places in most cases can accurately obtain after 8～15 minutes to flow to.The purpose that is divided into 8 five equilibriums is to provide the flow direction residing position in these 8 five equilibriums.
8 above-mentioned conductivity values are during along certain bar cut-off rule symmetry, and the phreatic flow direction is along this cut-off rule, flows to the maximal value direction from minimum value.Conductivity value is meant that along certain bar cut-off rule symmetry conductivity value is more approaching in its value of the both sides of this cut-off rule, and difference is no more than 0.5ms/cm.The inventor finds through test of many times, conductivity value is generally when along certain bar cut-off rule symmetry, the conductivity value of cut-off rule both sides same position generally can be not identical, but can not have a long way to go yet, the both sides difference can not surpass 0.5ms/cm generally speaking, can adopt following asymmetric method to calculate the flow direction if surpass this value.This symmetry approach is a special case of asymmetric method.When satisfying symmetry approach, use the method to reduce analysis time.
8 above-mentioned conductivity values when asymmetric, adopt the method for barycentric coordinates to flow to analysis along any cut-off rule, and corresponding initial point to the direction of barycentric coordinates promptly is to flow to.
The analytic technique measurement seepage direction that above-mentioned utilization is adsorbed with the tracer agent sand body is: when adopting deionized water to be tracer agent, insert in the filter screen soaking deionized water to sand saturated and that drain, filter screen is put into tested boring, place and take out filter screen after 8～15 minutes, to net tube is that the center of circle is that cut-off rule is divided into 8 with tagged sand with 4 diameters with the tube heart, equivalent tagged sand is taken out in the every outside, drop into respectively in the deionized water of equivalent, measure the conductivity value of 8 soaking solutions after fully stirring respectively.
Above-mentioned 8 conductivity values are during along certain bar cut-off rule symmetry, and the phreatic flow direction is along this cut-off rule, flows to the minimum value direction from maximal value.Conductivity value is meant that along certain bar cut-off rule symmetry conductivity value is more approaching in its value of the both sides of this cut-off rule, and difference is no more than 0.5ms/cm.
Above-mentioned 8 conductivity values when asymmetric, adopt the method for barycentric coordinates to flow to analysis along any cut-off rule, and corresponding initial point oppositely promptly is to flow to the barycentric coordinates direction.
Particularly the present invention has following advantage:
Easy and simple to handle reliable, tracer agent is chosen for nontoxic strong electrolyte solution or deionized water, and principle is clear and definite, the simple and convenient safety of measuring process, result accurately and reliably, Environmental Safety can substitute existing radioactivity single hole fully and flow to assay method.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 measures the conductivity single hole dilution method boring schematic cross-section of seepage direction;
Fig. 2 measures the conductivity single hole dilution method screen tube synoptic diagram of seepage direction;
Fig. 3 measures the branch synoptic diagram such as conductivity single hole dilution method tagged sand of seepage direction;
The conductivity single hole dilution method barycentric coordinates methods analyst that Fig. 4 measures seepage direction flows to synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 measures the coordinate system of the conductivity single hole dilution method barycentric coordinates method use of seepage direction;
The conductivity single hole dilution method embodiment three that Fig. 6 measures seepage direction flows to synoptic diagram;
The conductivity single hole dilution method embodiment four that Fig. 7 measures seepage direction flows to synoptic diagram.
Embodiment
Following examples only are used for illustrating characteristic feature of an invention, are not used for limiting protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one
The conductivity single hole dilution process of measuring seepage direction comprises: select the gaging hole position and the hole of drilling; Difference according to scene boring water body conductivity is chosen tracer agent; Utilization is adsorbed with the analytic technique of tracer agent sand body and measures seepage direction.
Above-mentioned selection gaging hole position and punching be for selecting geology stable in zone to be measured, Fig. 1 is seen, the built-in chimney filter 3 of gaging hole in the hole 2 of drilling, no shatter belt position below hole depth to 1 position;
Above-mentioned chimney filter is outer for filling out gravel bed 4.
It is 0.53ms/cm that above-mentioned enchashment field boring water body is measured its electro conductivity conductivity value, belongs to the low conductivity water body, and choosing strong electrolyte KCl solution is tracer agent.
Above-mentioned utilization is adsorbed with the analytic technique of tracer agent sand body and measures seepage direction for adopting the KCl solution of 2mol/l, saturated dried the inserting in the screen tube 5 of spike sand filtration will be soaked, see Fig. 2, screen tube 5 is put into chimney filter take out screen tube 5 and tagged sand wherein after 3,10 minutes, is that the center of circle is divided into 8 with screen tube 5 with the tube heart, see Fig. 4,10g tagged sand is taken out in the every outside, drops into respectively in the deionized water of 50ml, fully resolve the electricity of back survey water and lead, record each piecemeal water body conductivity and see Table 1.
Table 1 embodiment one measured data unit: ms/cm
| Piecemeal | ??S1 | ??S2 | ??S3 | ??S4 | ??S5 | ??S6 | ??S7 | ??S8 |
| Conductivity | ??5.23 | ??5.13 | ??4.61 | ??3.65 | ??3.59 | ??4.67 | ??5.12 | ??5.28 |
Therefrom as can be seen, piecemeal S1 and S8, S2 and S7, S3 and S6, S4 and S5 symmetry are better, maximum conductivity is piecemeal S1 and S8, minimum conductivity is piecemeal S4 and S5, between water inlet direction piecemeal S4 and the S5, the water outlet direction is between piecemeal S1 and S8, and promptly the seepage action of ground water direction is A-A ' among Fig. 4.
Embodiment two
The conductivity single hole dilution process of measuring seepage direction comprises: select the gaging hole position and the hole of drilling; Difference according to scene boring water body conductivity is chosen tracer agent; Utilization is adsorbed with the analytic technique of tracer agent sand body and measures seepage direction.
Above-mentioned selection gaging hole position and punching be for selecting geology stable in zone to be measured, Fig. 1 is seen, the built-in chimney filter 3 of gaging hole in the hole 2 of drilling, no shatter belt position below hole depth to 1 position;
Above-mentioned chimney filter is outer for filling out gravel bed 4.
It is 0.5ms/cm that above-mentioned enchashment field boring water body is measured its electro conductivity conductivity value, belongs to the low conductivity water body, and choosing strong electrolyte KCl solution is tracer agent.
Above-mentioned utilization is adsorbed with the analytic technique of tracer agent sand body and measures seepage direction for adopting the KCl solution of 2mol/l, saturated dried the inserting in the screen tube 5 of spike sand filtration will be soaked, see Fig. 2, screen tube 5 is put into chimney filter take out screen tube 5 and tagged sand wherein after 3,10 minutes, is that the center of circle is divided into 8 with screen tube 5 with the tube heart, see Fig. 3,10g tagged sand is taken out in the every outside, drops into respectively in the deionized water of 50ml, fully resolve the electricity of back survey water and lead, record each piecemeal water body conductivity and see Table 2.
Table 2 embodiment two measured data units: ms/cm
| Piecemeal | ??S1 | ??S2 | ??S3 | ??S4 | ??S5 | ??S6 | ??S7 | ??S8 |
| Conductivity | ??5.32 | ??5.13 | ??4.70 | ??3.44 | ??3.68 | ??4.90 | ??4.98 | ??5.19 |
Adopt the method for barycentric coordinates to flow to analysis, a plurality of piecemeal conductivity are plotted on the planimetric map according to size, pairing coordinate system as shown in Figure 4.Data point meets at E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L point with coordinate axis and straight line y=x and y=-x respectively, each piecemeal electricity introduction number is respectively e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, the coordinate of each point as shown in Figure 5, obtaining the barycentric coordinates of putting on this plane is X=-0.38, Y=-0.17, north orientation and x axle are 162 °, calculate to flow to be 42 ° of norths by west.
Embodiment three
The conductivity single hole dilution process of measuring seepage direction comprises: select the gaging hole position and the hole of drilling; Difference according to scene boring water body conductivity is chosen tracer agent; Utilization is adsorbed with the analytic technique of tracer agent sand body and measures seepage direction.
Above-mentioned selection gaging hole position and punching be for selecting geology stable in zone to be measured, Fig. 1 is seen, the built-in chimney filter 3 of gaging hole in the hole 2 of drilling, no shatter belt position below hole depth to 1 position;
Above-mentioned chimney filter is outer for filling out gravel bed 4.
It is that 16.4ms/cm belongs to the high conductivity water body that above-mentioned enchashment field boring water body is measured its electro conductivity conductivity value, and choosing deionized water is tracer agent.
The analytic technique that above-mentioned utilization is adsorbed with the tracer agent sand body is measured seepage direction and is drained and insert in the screen tube 5 for soaking the water saturated tagged sand of deionization, see Fig. 2, screen tube 5 is put into chimney filter 3, taking out screen tube 5 and tagged sand wherein after 8 minutes, is that the center of circle is divided into 8 with screen tube 5 with the tube heart, sees Fig. 4,10g tagged sand is taken out in the every outside, drop into respectively in the deionized water of 50ml, fully resolve the back and survey electrical conductivity of water, record each piecemeal water body conductivity and see Table 3.
Table 3 embodiment three measured data units: ms/cm
| Piecemeal | ??S1 | ??S2 | ??S3 | ??S4 | ??S5 | ??S6 | ??S7 | ??S8 |
| Conductivity | ??2.66 | ??1.98 | ??2.01 | ??2.65 | ??3.59 | ??4.47 | ??4.45 | ??3.62 |
As can be seen from Table 3, piecemeal S1 and S4, S2 and S3, S5 and S8, S6 and S7 symmetry are better, maximum conductivity is piecemeal S6 and S7, minimum conductivity is piecemeal S2 and S3, between water inlet direction piecemeal S2 and the S3, the water outlet direction is between piecemeal S6 and S7, and promptly the seepage action of ground water direction is B-B ' among Fig. 6.
Embodiment four
The conductivity single hole dilution process of measuring seepage direction comprises: select the gaging hole position and the hole of drilling; Difference according to scene boring water body conductivity is chosen tracer agent; Utilization is adsorbed with the analytic technique of tracer agent sand body and measures seepage direction.
Above-mentioned selection gaging hole position and punching be for selecting geology stable in zone to be measured, Fig. 1 is seen, the built-in chimney filter 3 of gaging hole in the hole 2 of drilling, no shatter belt position below hole depth to 1 position;
Above-mentioned chimney filter is outer for filling out gravel bed 4.
It is that 16.4ms/cm belongs to the high conductivity water body that above-mentioned enchashment field boring water body is measured its electro conductivity conductivity value, and choosing deionized water is tracer agent.
The analytic technique that above-mentioned utilization is adsorbed with the tracer agent sand body is measured seepage direction and is drained and insert in the screen tube 5 for soaking the water saturated tagged sand of deionization, see Fig. 2, screen tube 5 is put into chimney filter 3, taking out screen tube 5 and tagged sand wherein after 12 minutes, is that the center of circle is divided into 8 with screen tube 5 with the tube heart, sees Fig. 4,10g tagged sand is taken out in the every outside, drop into respectively in the deionized water of 50ml, fully resolve the electricity of back survey water and lead, record each piecemeal water body conductivity and see Table 4.
Table 4 embodiment four measured data units: ms/cm
| Piecemeal | ??S1 | ??S2 | ??S3 | ??S4 | ??S5 | ??S6 | ??S7 | ??S8 |
| Conductivity | ??2.17 | ??2.73 | ??3.57 | ??4.44 | ??4.75 | ??3.90 | ??2.98 | ??2.29 |
Adopt the method for barycentric coordinates to flow to analysis, a plurality of piecemeal conductivity are plotted on the planimetric map pairing coordinate system such as Fig. 4 according to size.Data point meets at E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L point with coordinate axis and straight line y=x and y=-x respectively, each piecemeal electricity introduction number is respectively e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, the coordinate of each point as shown in Figure 7, obtaining the barycentric coordinates of putting on this plane is X=0.62, Y=0.16,14 ° of center of gravity and X-axis forward angles, reverse direction be and 162 ° of 194 ° of north orientations of X-axis forward angle and X-axis forward angles, flows to be 32 ° of norths by west.
Claims (10)
1. measure the conductivity single hole dilution method of seepage direction, it is characterized in that: described method comprises: select the gaging hole position and the hole of drilling;
Difference according to scene boring water body conductivity is chosen tracer agent;
Utilization is adsorbed with the analytic technique of tracer agent sand body and measures seepage direction.
2. the conductivity single hole dilution method of mensuration seepage direction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described selection gaging hole position and punching are for selecting geology stable in zone to be measured, the punching of no shatter belt position, hole depth is to estimating below the seepage flow layer the built-in chimney filter of gaging hole;
Gravel bed is filled out in the outer existence of described chimney filter;
Described chimney filter does not exist outward fills out gravel bed.
3. the conductivity single hole dilution method of mensuration seepage direction according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described difference according to scene boring water body conductivity is chosen tracer agent and is referred to hole the water body conductivity when low, and choosing strong electrolyte solution is tracer agent; When boring water body conductivity was higher, choosing deionized water was tracer agent.
4. the conductivity single hole dilution method of mensuration seepage direction according to claim 3 is characterized in that: when described water body conductivity is low, refer to that on-the-spot boring water body conductivity is 0～15ms/cm; When described water body conductivity is higher, refer to that on-the-spot boring water body conductivity is greater than 15ms/cm.
5. the conductivity single hole dilution method of mensuration seepage direction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the analytic technique measurement seepage direction that described utilization is adsorbed with the tracer agent sand body is: when adopting strong electrolyte tracer agent solution, use the strong electrolyte solution of 2mol/l earlier, insert in the filter screen soaking this solution to sand saturated and that drain, filter screen is put into tested boring, place and take out filter screen after 8～15 minutes, to net tube is that the center of circle is that cut-off rule is divided into 8 with tagged sand with 4 diameters with the tube heart, equivalent tagged sand is taken out in the every outside, drop into respectively in the deionized water of equivalent and soak, measure above-mentioned 8 soaking solution conductivity respectively after fully stirring.
6. the conductivity single hole dilution method of mensuration seepage direction according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described 8 soaking solution conductivity values are during along certain bar cut-off rule symmetry, the phreatic flow direction is along this cut-off rule, flows to the maximal value direction from minimum value.
7. the conductivity single hole dilution method of mensuration seepage direction according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described 8 conductivity values are along any cut-off rule when asymmetric, adopt the method for barycentric coordinates to flow to analysis, corresponding initial point to the direction of barycentric coordinates promptly is to flow to.
8. the conductivity single hole dilution method of mensuration seepage direction according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the analytic technique measurement seepage direction that described utilization is adsorbed with the tracer agent sand body is: when adopting deionized water to be tracer agent, insert in the filter screen soaking deionized water to sand saturated and that drain, filter screen is put into tested boring, place and take out filter screen after 8～15 minutes, to net tube is that the center of circle is that cut-off rule is divided into 8 with tagged sand with 4 diameters with the tube heart, equivalent tagged sand is taken out in the every outside, drop into respectively in the deionized water of equivalent and soak, measure the conductivity value of above-mentioned 8 soaking solutions after fully stirring.
9. the conductivity single hole dilution method of mensuration seepage direction according to claim 8 is characterized in that: described 8 conductivity values are during along certain bar cut-off rule symmetry, and the phreatic flow direction is along this cut-off rule, flows to the minimum value direction from maximal value.
10. the conductivity single hole dilution method of mensuration seepage direction according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described 8 conductivity values are along any cut-off rule when asymmetric, adopt the method for barycentric coordinates to flow to analysis, corresponding initial point oppositely promptly is to flow to the barycentric coordinates direction.
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| CN102213775B (en) * | 2011-04-12 | 2013-05-29 | 河海大学 | Underground water connectivity detection method for obtaining underlying surface conditions of distributed hydrological model |
| CN102305815A (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2012-01-04 | 太原理工大学 | Conductivity measuring device and measuring method for soil column test |
| CN103149382A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-06-12 | 河海大学 | Groundwater flow direction centroid skewing measuring method |
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| CN113820078A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-12-21 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for detecting dam leakage by combining tracing method and dilution concentration method |
| CN113820078B (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2024-04-09 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for detecting dam leakage by combining tracing method and dilution concentration method |
| CN114859074A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-08-05 | 无锡水文工程地质勘察院有限责任公司 | Underground water flow direction measuring method |
| CN114778581A (en) * | 2022-04-27 | 2022-07-22 | 中国矿业大学 | Coal micro-nano intercommunicating pore fracture tracking method |
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