CN105176537A - Saline-alkali soil conditioner, as well as processing method and application thereof - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil conditioner, as well as processing method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali soil conditioner, as well as a processing method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement. The conditioner is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 240-320 parts of ardealite, 140-200 parts of oil cake, 70-100 parts of rectorite, 12-20 parts of polyaluminum sulfate, 40-80 parts of mushroom residues, 10-20 parts of polymeric ferric sulfate, 20-30 parts of apatite, 15-24 parts of acid, 20-30 parts of polymeric ferric silicate sulfate, 10-20 parts of wild sweet potato stems and 10-20 parts of cactus. According to the saline-alkali soil conditioner, the main raw materials, such as ardealite, oil cake, mushroom residues, rectorite and the like, are low in price and wide in source, the problems of cost and environmental pollution caused by stacking of the ardealite and the oil cake can be effectively solved by utilizing the ardealite and the oil cake, and the saline-alkali soil conditioner prepared from the main raw materials has a good effect of improving the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improving technology field in saltings, specifically, relate to a kind of saltings amendment and working method thereof and application.
Background technology
Saltings be saline land with alkali ground general name.Solonchak mainly refers to chloride or the higher salinization soil of vitriol, and soil is in alkalescence, but pH value is not necessarily very high.Refer to carbonate containing or heavy phosphatic soil, pH value is higher, and soil is in alkalescence alkali.The organic content in saltings is few, and soil fertility is low, and physicochemical character is poor, and the anions and canons harmful to crop is many, and crop is short seedling not easily.The area in saltings, the whole world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, and wherein China is 9,913 ten thousand hectares.The formation of China's alkali ground and alkali-affected soil, major part is accumulative relevant with Carbonates In Soil, and thus basicity is general higher, and serious saltings regional plant almost can not be survived.The salinization in soil has been worldwide ecological problem, and the saline Land degree in current global range is obvious ascendant trend, and the salinization in soil has become the important limiting factor of world agriculture Sustainable development.For the improvement in saltings, conventional method has: 1, the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, and the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching is poured into water in saltings exactly, and soil salt is dissolved, by under being oozed and be discharged in deep soil or drip washing is gone out saline and alkaline for the solubility in topsoil, infiltration waterways, side is got rid of; 2, level land, level land under can making uniform moisture and ooze, improve the effect that rainfall is drenched salt and irrigated the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, prevent the salinification of soil plaque-like; 3, rake the soil level, the table soil that can loosen of raking the soil level, blocks soil capillary water and carries salinity to earth's surface, play the effect preventing the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in good time; 4, applying organic manure, rational use of chemical fertilizer, fertilizer forms soil ulmin through microbial decomposition, conversion, can improve the surge capability of soil, and can form sodium humate with sodium carbonate effect, reduces surface soil alkalinity.5, effectively can improve soil with saltings special-purpose soil amendment " solodization ".
Phosphogypsum is the by product in production process of phosphoric acid, often produce one ton of Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES by-product, five tons of phosphogypsums, utilization at present for phosphogypsum mainly contains four aspects, 1, phosphoric acid cream is used for backfill pit, fill mine working with phosphogypsum, fill cost and account for 1/5 of mining cost, not only saved filling cost, and improve utilization of three wastes rate, decrease environmental pollution.But, due to factors such as phosphogypsum jelling agent casting resin viscosity is high, sedimentation fast, condensation is fast, many, the easy pluggings of fine particle, difficult cleanings; 2, by the agent of phosphogypsum production Flocculated Cement, the crystal habit of phosphogypsum is identical with the plaster of paris, for prismatic or cylindricality plate crystal, chemical composition and plaster of paris composition basic simlarity, but due to containing solubility Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, phosphoric acid salt, soluble fluoride, insoluble Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES and organic impurity etc., the hydration time of cement can be extended, reduce early strength and extend time of coagulation, therefore phosphogypsum directly can not be used as the retardant of cement; 3, by phosphogypsum sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, the method utilizes ammonia and carbonic acid gas that phosphogypsum is changed into sulphur ammonium and calcium carbonate, and the specification of quality of the method to phosphogypsum is higher, and Production Flow Chart is long, and investment is large; 4, phosphogypsum is used for improve alkaline soil, containing Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES in phosphogypsum, cause phosphogypsum aobvious acid, its pH value is 1.5 ~ 4.5, can be used to the alkalescence in sweetening of the soil, and the compositions such as the phosphorus contained in phosphogypsum, iron, magnesium, silicon, zinc, sulphur and the calcium nutritive element that to be plant-growth necessary.
Phosphogypsum is utilized and improves saltings, after phosphogypsum is manured into soil, can be the solubility calcium that soil provides sufficient, sodium ion in colloidal complex is replaced out, thus the basicity in reduction soil, promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting, reduce the pH value of soil, increase the penetrating power of soil.At present, adopting and using separately phosphogypsum to improve saltings method is applied after in saltings by phosphogypsum, carry out leaching process immediately, the method can improve the Soil structure in saltings to a certain extent, but it is consuming time longer, general needs two triennium ability Planting Crops, and use phosphogypsum process on slight alkaline land after, the percentage of germination of farm crop is still lower and later stage growing way is bad.Someone utilizes phosphogypsum to be mixed with into amendment with flyash, humic acid and high nitrogen fertilizer material etc., and the effect obtained is better than using separately phosphogypsum, but high expensive, and effect is still not good enough.Be the soil conditioner and production and preparation method thereof of raw material production as the application number application for a patent for invention that is 201210522182.X discloses with phosphogypsum, this amendment has phosphogypsum, humic acid, ferrous sulfate, urea and sulfuric acid to be mixed, and it has improves Soil structure, adjustment soil pH, characteristic such as activation soil nutrient elements and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil calcium, sulphur, iron and zinc etc. to a certain extent.But this amendment cost is relatively high, lower to the adjustment force of soil pH.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of saltings amendment and working method thereof and application, this saltings amendment is mainly prepared from by phosphogypsum, oil cake, rectorite leng, has the effect in improvement saltings preferably.
The present invention realizes above-mentioned technique effect particular by following technical scheme.
A kind of saltings amendment, with parts by weight, is prepared from by following raw material:
Described saltings amendment, with parts by weight, is prepared from by following raw material:
Described saltings amendment, with parts by weight, is prepared from by following raw material:
The working method of described saltings amendment, comprises the following steps:
(1) drying to moisture content respectively by phosphogypsum and phosphatic rock is 5 ~ 10%, is then ground into 60 ~ 200 object fine powders, obtains phosphogypsum powder and floats;
(2) wild country melon stem is cut into the segment that 1 ~ 3cm is long, then drying to moisture content is 3 ~ 6%, obtains wild country melon cane; Succulent stem of cactus is cut into long and wide 1 ~ 3cm respectively, thick be the thin slice of 0.5 ~ 2cm, then drying to moisture content is 3 ~ 5%, obtains Root and stem of Cholla sheet;
(3) rectorite leng ball mill ball milling is become fine powder, send into after carrying out supersound process in ultrasonic device, then send into the high-temperature calcination 2 ~ 3h with 300 ~ 600 DEG C in calcining tower, send in reactive tank after cooling, then acid adding carries out acidification, obtain rectorite leng powder;
(4), after oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent in fermentation vat mixing, regulate the moisture content 50 ~ 60% of mixture, ferment after 12 ~ 15 days, acquisition fermentation materials;
(5) after phosphogypsum powder, fermentation materials, polyaluminium sulfate, bodied ferric sulfate, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate and floats being mixed in steel basin; send into granulation in tablets press; again the material that granulation obtains is mixed with wild country melon cane, Root and stem of Cholla sheet, rectorite adsorbent and rectorite leng powder, obtain saltings amendment.
Described wild country melon stem is the wild country melon stem of life in 2 ~ 3 years, and Root and stem of Cholla is the Root and stem of Cholla pedicel of life in 3 ~ 5 years.
The bake out temperature of described wild country melon cane and Root and stem of Cholla is 400 ~ 600 DEG C.
In described step (3), rectorite leng ball mill ball milling is become the fine powder of fineness≤0.05mm, then send in ultrasonic device, 20 ~ 40min is processed under ultrasonic power is 600 ~ 1000w, send into the high-temperature calcination 2 ~ 3h with 300 ~ 600 DEG C in calcining tower again, send in reactive tank after cooling, then acid adding carries out acidification 30 ~ 100min, obtain rectorite leng powder.
Described acid is nitric acid or sulfuric acid, and concentration of nitric acid is 20 ~ 40%, and sulfuric acid concentration is 10 ~ 20%.
In described step (4), oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture content 50 ~ 60% of mixture, ferment in 4 ~ 6 days, controlling leavening temperature is 40 ~ 50 DEG C, and afterwards, controlling leavening temperature is 55 ~ 70 DEG C.
The application of described saltings amendment, first the moisture content in saltings is regulated to be 40 ~ 50%, then rotary tillage process is carried out, tilling depth is 20 ~ 30cm, execute amendment again, then carry out rotary tillage process, tilling depth is 15 ~ 20cm, cover film after 10 ~ 30 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process.
The application of described saltings amendment, the amount of application of amendment is 400 ~ 1000kg/ mu, and for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of amendment is 400 ~ 600kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of amendment is 600 ~ 800kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of amendment is 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
In described oil cake containing organic 75 ~ 85%, nitrogen 1.1 ~ 7.0%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 0.4 ~ 3.0%, potassium oxide 0.9 ~ 2.1%, protein be 1.5 ~ 3.7%, robust fibre 6 ~ 10.7%, calcium 0.8 ~ 11%, choline 0.27 ~ 0.70%, nicotinic acid 0.6 ~ 1.2% and other vitamin substances 1.3 ~ 2.0.
In described bacterium chaff containing crude protein be 9.0 ~ 11.0%, robust fibre 6.0 ~ 7.0%, crude fat 0.1 ~ 0.2%, nitrogen-free extract 45 ~ 50%, calcium 3.0 ~ 3.5%, phosphorus 2.0 ~ 3.0%, Methionin 1.0 ~ 1.5%, tryptophane 0.5 ~ 0.8%, methionine(Met) ten Gelucystine 1. ~ 1.5% and coarse ash 8.0 ~ 10.0%.
In described phosphogypsum, the content of terra alba is 50.7 ~ 86.2%, the content of total Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 0.01 ~ 13.3%, the content of solubility Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 0.01 ~ 0.68%, magnesian content is 0.23 ~ 0.53%, the content of fluorion is 0.12 ~ 0.48%, and pH value is 2.1 ~ 4.6.
Described rectorite leng is hydrous alumino silicates, principal element is silicon, aluminium, oxygen, the content of silicon-dioxide is 43 ~ 54%, the content of aluminum oxide is 24 ~ 40%, water-content is 8 ~ 15%, above three summations are more than 90%, and other composition magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, iron protoxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide and potassium oxides are about 10%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. rectorite leng has stronger cation exchange capacity (CEC) and adsorptive power, find after deliberation, by rectorite leng through ultrasonic, after high temperature and acidification, significantly enhance the cationic exchange in rectorite leng interlamination region, positively charged ion stripping specific surface area increases, a large amount of scission of links that in octahedron, aluminium dehydroxylation produces make tired de-stone increased activity, the adsorptive power of rectorite leng and chemically reactive obtain larger raising, the cation-adsorption that rectorite leng exchanges is at illite near surface, thus cationic reverse exchange capacity weakens, and acidification can reduce the pH value of rectorite leng, rectorite leng powder is executed in saltings, rectorite leng powder can adsorb sodium colloidal particle, hydrogen ion in rectorite leng powder and calcium ion are by the sodium ion exchange in sodium colloidal particle out, and form sodium base rectorite leng, not only reduce sodium ions content in saltings, reduce pH value, promote the formation of soil aggregate, improve the physico-chemical property of soil, and the sodium base rectorite leng generated has the ability of extremely strong Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions, thus heavy metal content in soil water solution effectively can be avoided too high and affect the metabolism of plant and grow.
2. phosphogypsum can and soil in the sodium bicarbonate, the sodium carbonate that dissociate fully react, generate Calcium hydrogen carbonate, calcium phosphate and sodium sulfate to reduce surface soil alkalinity, sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, reduce P in soil H value, activate soil nutrient elements activity and supplementary Trace Elements in Soil etc., and promote the formation of soil aggregate, prevent soil epidermis from crusting.The present invention passes through rectorite leng, polyaluminium sulfate, bodied ferric sulfate, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate and phosphogypsum are prepared into saltings amendment, find through research, rectorite leng has the ability of stronger absorption colloidal particle, bodied ferric sulfate, polymer aluminium silicate has the significant effect strengthening rectorite leng adsorptive power, by rectorite leng, bodied ferric sulfate, polymer aluminium silicate mixing is executed in saltings, can sodium colloidal particle in strong adsorption saltings, make sodium coacervation of colloid, in and the electric charge of sodium colloid surface, sodium colloid is become attracting from repelling each other, collide between sodium colloidal particle, thus destroy the stability of sodium colloid, thus sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion in promotion phosphogypsum, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, greatly strengthen the effect in phosphogypsum improvement saltings, by the sodium ion that calcium ion replaces out, when saltings is caught in the rain, enter soil layer depths with water or flow away with water, thus the salt content in reduction saltings, and when later stage saltings moisture content reduces, do not absorbed by rectorite leng by the sodium ion that water-band is walked on a small quantity, thus the salt content further reduced in soil water solution, using of rectorite leng can also play good water conservation and the effect suppressing the accumulation of salt in the surface soil.
3. the present invention increases wild country melon stem sheet and Root and stem of Cholla sheet in the amendment of saltings, find through research, wild country melon stem and Root and stem of Cholla can absorb salinity from saltings, and the time that wild country melon stem after hyperthermia drying and Root and stem of Cholla are decomposed by the microorganisms is 1 ~ 2 year, wild country melon stem and Root and stem of Cholla are executed in saltings, salinity in saltings can not only be absorbed, reduce the salt content in saltings, and the formation of soil aggregate can be promoted, improve the physico-chemical property of soil, and play the effect of good water conservation and the suppression accumulation of salt in the surface soil, bodied ferric sulfate, polymer aluminium silicate can strengthen the adsorption of wild country melon stem and Root and stem of Cholla.
4. contain oil cake, bacterium chaff and phosphatic rock in the amendment of saltings of the present invention, the protein contained in oil cake, robust fibre, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, and the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value.Moreover, also contain the materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake and bacterium chaff, occur to act synergistically widely with phosphogypsum, soil can be improved, increase fertility, help to increase the space that sky G&W can be allowed to enter, decompose mineral and produce plant necessary nitrogen, sulphur, potassium and phosphorus.
5. main raw material phosphogypsum of the present invention, oil cake, bacterium chaff, rectorite leng etc. are not only cheap, and wide material sources, particularly phosphogypsum and oil cake are used, effectively can solve the stacking of phosphogypsum and oil cake and the Cost Problems brought and problem of environmental pollution.
Embodiment
Conveniently those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment.Embodiment is only illustrating this invention, is not limitation of the invention, and the step not doing in embodiment to illustrate is all prior arts, is not described in detail at this.
Embodiment one
Raw material:
Phosphogypsum 240kg, oil cake 140kg, rectorite leng 70kg, polyaluminium sulfate 12kg, bacterium chaff 40kg, bodied ferric sulfate 10kg, phosphatic rock 20kg, sour 15kg, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate 20kg, wild country melon stem 10kg and Root and stem of Cholla 10kg.
Preparation method:
(1) drying to moisture content respectively by phosphogypsum and phosphatic rock is 5%, is then ground into 60 object fine powders, obtains phosphogypsum powder and floats;
(2) the wild country melon stem of life in 2 years is cut into the segment that 1cm is long, then drying to moisture content at the temperature of 400 DEG C is 3%, obtains wild country melon cane; The succulent stem of cactus of life in 3 years is cut into long and wide 1cm respectively, the thick thin slice for 0.5cm, then drying to moisture content at the temperature of 400 DEG C is 3%, obtains Root and stem of Cholla sheet;
(3) rectorite leng ball mill ball milling is become the fine powder of fineness≤0.05mm, then send in ultrasonic device, 20min is processed under ultrasonic power is 600w, send into the high-temperature calcination 2h with 300 DEG C in calcining tower again, send into after cooling in reactive tank, again rectorite leng mix carry out acidification 30min with acid, acquisition rectorite leng powder, described acid to be concentration be 20% nitric acid;
(4), after oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum being sent in fermentation vat and mixing, regulate the moisture content 50% of mixture, ferment in 4 days, controlling leavening temperature is 40 DEG C, 8 days afterwards, and controlling leavening temperature is 55 DEG C, acquisition fermentation materials;
(5) after phosphogypsum powder, fermentation materials, polyaluminium sulfate, bodied ferric sulfate, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate and floats being mixed in steel basin; send into granulation in tablets press; again the material that granulation obtains is mixed with wild country melon cane, Root and stem of Cholla sheet, rectorite adsorbent and rectorite leng powder, obtain saltings amendment.
Application:
First regulate the moisture content in saltings to be 40%, then carry out rotary tillage process, tilling depth is 20cm, then executes amendment, then carries out rotary tillage process, and tilling depth is 15cm, covers film after 10 days, is taken away by film and carry out leaching process.
For slight alkaline land, the amount of application of this saltings amendment is 400 ~ 600kg/ mu, and saltings is instant after leaching process measures its salt content and pH value, and the salt content in saltings declines 54 ~ 56%, and pH value declines 0.7 ~ 0.9; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of this saltings amendment is 600 ~ 800kg/ mu, and saltings is instant after leaching process measures its salt content and pH value, and the salt content in saltings declines 56 ~ 58%, and pH value declines 0.8 ~ 1.0; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of this saltings amendment is 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu, and saltings is instant after leaching process measures its salt content and pH value, and the salt content in saltings declines 57 ~ 60%, and pH value declines 0.9 ~ 1.1.
Embodiment two
Raw material:
Phosphogypsum 320kg, oil cake 200kg, rectorite leng 100kg, polyaluminium sulfate 20kg, bacterium chaff 80kg, bodied ferric sulfate 20kg, phosphatic rock 30kg, sour 24kg, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate 30kg, wild country melon stem 20kg and Root and stem of Cholla 20kg.
Preparation method:
(1) drying to moisture content respectively by phosphogypsum and phosphatic rock is 10%, is then ground into 200 object fine powders, obtains phosphogypsum powder and floats;
(2) the wild country melon stem of life in 3 years is cut into the segment that 3cm is long, then drying to moisture content at the temperature of 600 DEG C is 6%, obtains wild country melon cane; The succulent stem of cactus of life in 5 years is cut into long and wide 3cm respectively, the thick thin slice for 2cm, then drying to moisture content at the temperature of 600 DEG C is 5%, obtains Root and stem of Cholla sheet;
(3) rectorite leng ball mill ball milling is become the fine powder of fineness≤0.05mm, then send in ultrasonic device, 40min is processed under ultrasonic power is 1000w, send into the high-temperature calcination 3h with 600 DEG C in calcining tower again, send into after cooling in reactive tank, again rectorite leng mix carry out acidification 100min with acid, acquisition rectorite leng powder, described acid to be concentration be 20% nitric acid;
(4), after oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum being sent in fermentation vat and mixing, regulate the moisture content 60% of mixture, ferment in 6 days, controlling leavening temperature is 50 DEG C, 9 days afterwards, and control leavening temperature is 70 DEG C;
(5) after phosphogypsum powder, fermentation materials, polyaluminium sulfate, bodied ferric sulfate, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate and floats being mixed in steel basin; send into granulation in tablets press; again the material that granulation obtains is mixed with wild country melon cane, Root and stem of Cholla sheet, rectorite adsorbent and rectorite leng powder, obtain saltings amendment.
Application:
First regulate the moisture content in saltings to be 50%, then carry out rotary tillage process, tilling depth is 30cm, then executes amendment, then carries out rotary tillage process, and tilling depth is 20cm, covers film after 30 days, is taken away by film and carry out leaching process.
For slight alkaline land, the amount of application of this saltings amendment is 400 ~ 600kg/ mu, and saltings is instant after leaching process measures its salt content and pH value, and the salt content in saltings declines 54 ~ 55%, and pH value declines 0.6 ~ 0.9; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of this saltings amendment is 600 ~ 800kg/ mu, and saltings is instant after leaching process measures its salt content and pH value, and the salt content in saltings declines 55 ~ 58%, and pH value declines 0.8 ~ 1.0; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of this saltings amendment is 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu, and saltings is instant after leaching process measures its salt content and pH value, and the salt content in saltings declines 57 ~ 59%, and pH value declines 0.9 ~ 1.1.
Embodiment three
Raw material:
Phosphogypsum 280kg, oil cake 170kg, rectorite leng 85kg, polyaluminium sulfate 16kg, bacterium chaff 60kg, bodied ferric sulfate 15kg, phosphatic rock 25kg, sour 20kg, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate 25kg, wild country melon stem 15kg and Root and stem of Cholla 15kg.
Preparation method:
(1) drying to moisture content respectively by phosphogypsum and phosphatic rock is 8%, is then ground into 80 object fine powders, obtains phosphogypsum powder and floats;
(2) the wild country melon stem of life in 3 years is cut into the segment that 2cm is long, then drying to moisture content at the temperature of 500 DEG C is 4%, obtains wild country melon cane; The succulent stem of cactus of life in 4 years is cut into long and wide 4cm respectively, the thick thin slice for 1m, then drying to moisture content at the temperature of 500 DEG C is 4%, obtains Root and stem of Cholla sheet;
(3) rectorite leng ball mill ball milling is become the fine powder of fineness≤0.05mm, then send in ultrasonic device, 30min is processed under ultrasonic power is 700w, send into the high-temperature calcination 3h with 4600 DEG C in calcining tower again, send into after cooling in reactive tank, again rectorite leng mix carry out acidification 50min with acid, acquisition rectorite leng powder, described acid is concentration to be concentration be 10% sulfuric acid;
(4), after oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum being sent in fermentation vat and mixing, regulate the moisture content 55% of mixture, ferment in 5 days, controlling leavening temperature is 45 DEG C, 9 days afterwards, and control leavening temperature is 65 DEG C;
(5) after phosphogypsum powder, fermentation materials, polyaluminium sulfate, bodied ferric sulfate, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate and floats being mixed in steel basin; send into granulation in tablets press; again the material that granulation obtains is mixed with wild country melon cane, Root and stem of Cholla sheet, rectorite adsorbent and rectorite leng powder, obtain saltings amendment.
Application:
First regulate the moisture content in saltings to be 44%, then carry out rotary tillage process, tilling depth is 25cm, then executes amendment, then carries out rotary tillage process, and tilling depth is 18cm, covers film after 12 days, is taken away by film and carry out leaching process.
For slight alkaline land, the amount of application of this saltings amendment is 400 ~ 600kg/ mu, and saltings is instant after leaching process measures its salt content and pH value, and the salt content in saltings declines 56 ~ 58%, and pH value declines 0.7 ~ 0.9; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of this saltings amendment is 600 ~ 800kg/ mu, and saltings is instant after leaching process measures its salt content and pH value, and the salt content in saltings declines 57 ~ 59%, and pH value declines 0.8 ~ 1.0; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of this saltings amendment is 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu, and saltings is instant after leaching process measures its salt content and pH value, and the salt content in saltings declines 59 ~ 63%, and pH value declines 0.9 ~ 1.1.
Test is adopted to verify beneficial effect of the present invention below:
Below in test, phosphogypsum used is out the phosphogypsum that phosphorylcholine group Xifeng coarse whiting factory produces, the content of its terra alba is 67.8%, the content of total Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 6.1%, the content of solubility Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES is 0.44%, magnesian content is 0.39%, and the content of fluorion is 0.31%, and pH value is 3.7.In oil cake used containing organic 81%, nitrogen 4.5%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 2.3%, potassium oxide 1.9%, protein be 2.7%, robust fibre 6.8%, calcium 3.1%, choline 0.39%, nicotinic acid 0.9% and other vitamin substances 1.6.In bacterium chaff containing crude protein be 9.6%, robust fibre 6.8%, crude fat 0.1%, nitrogen-free extract 47%, calcium 3.2%, phosphorus 2.4%, Methionin 1.2%, tryptophane 0.6%, methionine(Met) ten Gelucystine 1.2% and coarse ash 8.8%.Described rectorite leng is hydrous alumino silicates, principal element is silicon, aluminium, oxygen, and the content of silicon-dioxide is 46%, and the content of aluminum oxide is 35%, water-content is 10%, and other composition magnesium oxide, ferric oxide, iron protoxide, sodium oxide, calcium oxide and potassium oxide contents are 8%.
Test one: the simultaneous test of different alkaline land modifying agent
With the saltings on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County for experimental plot, through measuring, it is 0.56% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, and pH value is 8.84.The formula of test grouping and modifying agent is as following table 1, wherein, the application process of modifying agent is: first regulate the moisture content in saltings to be 44%, then carry out rotary tillage process, tilling depth is 25cm, then executes amendment by the amount of 900kg/ mu, then rotary tillage process is carried out, tilling depth is 18cm, covers film after 20 days, is taken away by film and carry out leaching process.PH value in table 1 and total salt content are the values to recording after the leaching process of saltings.
Table 1
As can be seen from Table 1, after alkaline land modifying agent prepared by the embodiment of the present invention three is used in saltings, the rate of descent of its total salt content is apparently higher than other test group, and its pH value declines a little less than test group two, because Rate of Humic Acid is comparatively large in test group two, thus pH value declines larger, and its improved effect is better than test group one, test group two and test group four, but the price of humic acid is higher, use it to improve saltings, the high expensive in improvement saltings.To sum up, alkaline land modifying agent prepared by the present invention is not only obviously better than the improved effect of the modifying agent of test group one to test group four to the improved effect in saltings, and alkaline land modifying agent of the present invention is also more reasonable economically.
Test two: modifying agent different administration method is tested the improved effect in saltings
In this test, with the saltings on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County for experimental plot, through measuring, it is 0.56% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, and pH value is 8.84.The application process of modifying agent is as shown in table 2 below, and wherein, modifying agent used is modifying agent prepared by the embodiment of the present invention three.
Table 2
As can be seen from Table 2, leaching again after aluminum coated steel for some time, not only in the pH value reducing soil to a greater extent, and can significantly can reduce the total salt content of soil.Test shows: after using phosphogypsum, overlay film carries out leaching in 14 days later again, the decline of soil pH value and total salt content is the most obvious, and along with the increase of overlay film time, and the amount of the slippage of soil pH value and total salt content and overlay film 14 days leaching does not again have much changes.
Test two: the formula optimization test of alkaline land modifying agent
With the saltings on Bing Jie farm, Haixing County for experimental plot, through measuring, it is 0.56% that its 0 ~ 20cm shows native total salt content, and pH value is 8.84.Test based on the modifying agent formula of embodiment three, only in the formula of embodiment three, increase and decrease raw material, weight ratio for other raw materials of not variation remains unchanged, and the application process of modifying agent is: first regulate the moisture content in saltings to be 44%, then carry out rotary tillage process, tilling depth is 25cm, execute amendment by the amount of 900kg/ mu again, then carry out rotary tillage process, tilling depth is 18cm, cover film after 20 days, film is taken away and carries out leaching process.PH value in table 3 and total salt content are the values to recording for 3 months after the leaching process of saltings.
Table 3
In table 3, can be found out by the contrast of test group one and test group two: rectorite leng is carried out ultrasonic, calcining and acidification after, not only further can reduce the pH value in saltings, and the salt content in saltings can also be reduced more significantly, because by rectorite leng through ultrasonic, after high temperature and acidification, significantly enhance the cationic exchange in rectorite leng interlamination region, positively charged ion stripping specific surface area increases, a large amount of scission of links that in octahedron, aluminium dehydroxylation produces make tired de-stone increased activity, the adsorptive power of rectorite leng and chemically reactive obtain larger raising, the cation-adsorption that rectorite leng exchanges is at illite near surface, thus cationic reverse exchange capacity weakens, and acidification can reduce the pH value of rectorite leng.Can be found out by the contrast of test group one and test group three: in modifying agent, add rectorite leng, further can reduce the pH value in saltings and salt content, rectorite leng has stronger cation exchange capacity (CEC) and adsorptive power, by rectorite leng, bodied ferric sulfate, polymer aluminium silicate mixing is executed in saltings, can sodium colloidal particle in strong adsorption saltings, make sodium coacervation of colloid, in and the electric charge of sodium colloid surface, sodium colloid is become attracting from repelling each other, collide between sodium colloidal particle, thus destroy the stability of sodium colloid, thus sodium ion in colloidal complex replaces out by calcium ion in promotion phosphogypsum, sodium-clay is become calcium-clay, greatly strengthen the effect in phosphogypsum improvement saltings, by the sodium ion that calcium ion replaces out, when saltings is caught in the rain, enter soil layer depths with water or flow away with water, thus the salt content in reduction saltings, and when later stage saltings moisture content reduces, do not absorbed by rectorite leng by the sodium ion that water-band is walked on a small quantity, thus the salt content further reduced in soil water solution, using of rectorite leng can also play good water conservation and the effect suppressing the accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Can be found out by the contrast of test group one and test group four: in modifying agent, add wild country melon stem and Root and stem of Cholla, the improved effect of modifying agent can be significantly improved, because wild country melon stem and Root and stem of Cholla can absorb salinity from saltings, and the time that wild country melon stem after hyperthermia drying and Root and stem of Cholla are decomposed by the microorganisms is 1 ~ 2 year, wild country melon stem and Root and stem of Cholla are executed in saltings, salinity in saltings can not only be absorbed, reduce the salt content in saltings, and the formation of soil aggregate can be promoted, improve the physico-chemical property of soil, and play the effect of good water conservation and the suppression accumulation of salt in the surface soil.Can be found out by the contrast of test group one and test group five: in modifying agent, add polyaluminium sulfate, bodied ferric sulfate, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate, pH value and the salt content in saltings can be reduced further, because polyaluminium sulfate, bodied ferric sulfate, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate have the significant effect strengthening rectorite leng absorption sodium colloid ability.Can be found out by the contrast of test group one and test group six: in modifying agent, add oil cake, not only further can reduce the pH value in saltings, and the salt content in saltings can also be reduced more significantly, because the protein contained in oil cake, robust fibre, nicotinic acid and other vitamin substances can make microorganism Fast-propagation, the vital movement of microorganism can effectively reduce alkaline land soil pH value, also containing materials such as a large amount of organic matters in oil cake, occur to act synergistically widely with phosphogypsum, soil can be improved further.
What illustrate is, several test examples that above-mentioned test is only used to verify beneficial effect of the present invention and enumerates, the test done to complete the present invention is far above in this, simultaneously, above-mentioned test just illustrates, does not form any pro forma restriction of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a saltings amendment, is characterized in that, with parts by weight, is prepared from by following raw material:
2. saltings as claimed in claim 1 amendment, is characterized in that, with parts by weight, be prepared from by following raw material:
3. saltings as claimed in claim 1 amendment, is characterized in that, with parts by weight, be prepared from by following raw material:
4. the working method of the saltings amendment as described in claims 1 to 3 any one, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) drying to moisture content respectively by phosphogypsum and phosphatic rock is 5 ~ 10%, is then ground into 60 ~ 200 object fine powders, obtains phosphogypsum powder and floats;
(2) wild country melon stem is cut into the segment that 1 ~ 3cm is long, then drying to moisture content is 3 ~ 6%, obtains wild country melon cane; Succulent stem of cactus is cut into long and wide 1 ~ 3cm respectively, thick be the thin slice of 0.5 ~ 2cm, then drying to moisture content is 3 ~ 5%, obtains Root and stem of Cholla sheet;
(3) rectorite leng ball mill ball milling is become fine powder, send into after carrying out supersound process in ultrasonic device, then send into the high-temperature calcination 2 ~ 3h with 300 ~ 600 DEG C in calcining tower, send in reactive tank after cooling, then acid adding carries out acidification, obtain rectorite leng powder;
(4), after oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent in fermentation vat mixing, regulate the moisture content 50 ~ 60% of mixture, ferment after 12 ~ 15 days, acquisition fermentation materials;
(5) after phosphogypsum powder, fermentation materials, polyaluminium sulfate, bodied ferric sulfate, poly-silicic acid iron sulfate and floats being mixed in steel basin; send into granulation in tablets press; again the material that granulation obtains is mixed with wild country melon cane, Root and stem of Cholla sheet, rectorite adsorbent and rectorite leng powder, obtain saltings amendment.
5. the working method of saltings as claimed in claim 4 amendment, it is characterized in that, described wild country melon stem is the wild country melon stem of life in 2 ~ 3 years, and Root and stem of Cholla is the Root and stem of Cholla pedicel of life in 3 ~ 5 years.
6. the working method of saltings as claimed in claim 4 amendment, it is characterized in that, in described step (3), rectorite leng ball mill ball milling is become the fine powder of fineness≤0.05mm, then send in ultrasonic device, under ultrasonic power is 600 ~ 1000w, processes 20 ~ 40min, send into the high-temperature calcination 2 ~ 3h with 300 ~ 600 DEG C in calcining tower again, send in reactive tank after cooling, then acid adding carries out acidification 30 ~ 100min, obtain rectorite leng powder.
7. the working method of saltings as claimed in claim 6 amendment, it is characterized in that, described acid is nitric acid or sulfuric acid, and concentration of nitric acid is 20 ~ 40%, and sulfuric acid concentration is 10 ~ 20%.
8. the working method of saltings as claimed in claim 4 amendment, it is characterized in that, in described step (4), oil cake, bacterium chaff and EM microbial inoculum are sent into after mixing in fermentation vat, regulate the moisture content 50 ~ 60% of mixture, ferment in 4 ~ 6 days, controlling leavening temperature is 40 ~ 50 DEG C, afterwards, controlling leavening temperature is 55 ~ 70 DEG C.
9. the application of the saltings amendment as described in claim 1 ~ 8 any one, it is characterized in that, first the moisture content in saltings is regulated to be 40 ~ 50%, then carry out rotary tillage process, tilling depth is 20 ~ 30cm, then executes amendment, then rotary tillage process is carried out, tilling depth is 15 ~ 20cm, covers film after 10 ~ 30 days, is taken away by film and carry out leaching process.
10. the application of saltings as claimed in claim 9 amendment, it is characterized in that, the amount of application of amendment is 400 ~ 1000kg/ mu, and for slight alkaline land, the amount of application of amendment is 400 ~ 600kg/ mu; For moderate saline-alkali soil, the amount of application of amendment is 600 ~ 800kg/ mu; For heavy salinized, the amount of application of amendment is 800 ~ 1000kg/ mu.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101096598A (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2008-01-02 | 张余良 | Amendment for inhibiting brackish water irrigated soil polysalt |
| CN102517027A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-06-27 | 暨南大学 | Modifying agent for soda-alkalized paddy field soil |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101096598A (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2008-01-02 | 张余良 | Amendment for inhibiting brackish water irrigated soil polysalt |
| CN102517027A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2012-06-27 | 暨南大学 | Modifying agent for soda-alkalized paddy field soil |
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| 赵景波: "《荒漠化与防治教程》", 28 February 2014, 北京:中国环境出版社 * |
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