CN105160387B - A kind of magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system using loop coil antenna - Google Patents
A kind of magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system using loop coil antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN105160387B CN105160387B CN201510344048.9A CN201510344048A CN105160387B CN 105160387 B CN105160387 B CN 105160387B CN 201510344048 A CN201510344048 A CN 201510344048A CN 105160387 B CN105160387 B CN 105160387B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system using loop coil antenna, the label employs suitable big DC component, the clock recovery circuitry and demodulator circuit of alternation coupled oscillation signals, therefore the magnetic coupling RF tag closely routinely applied can be directly constituted with coupling loop coil antenna, remote application can be realized by coupling loop coil antenna combination diode and dc source again.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system using loop coil antenna, and in particular to Yi Zhongshi
Close the magnetic coupling RFID tag system of big DC component, the clock recovery circuitry of alternation coupled oscillation signals and demodulator circuit
System.
Background technology
REID includes radio-frequency identification reader, reader antenna and RFID tag.According to using radio frequency
The frequency of signal is distinguished, and includes low frequency again(LF, 125/134KHz)And high band(HF, 13.56MHz)Using loop coil day
The magnetic coupling REID of line;Super high band(UHF, 860 ~ 960MHz)Using thermocouple pole sub-antenna REID;
Microwave section(2.45GHz)REID.Wherein, the tag circuit of low frequency, high frequency technique and superfrequency REID,
If not using battery powered, energy is obtained by antenna and carries out data exchange, is referred to as passive radio frequency identification technique;If
Using power supply(Usually battery)Power supply is still not used in the transmission of signal, then is referred to as semi-active technology;Powered using power supply
And for the transmission of signal, then it is referred to as active technique.Microwave section REID is active radio frequency Identification technology.In nothing
In the REID of source, high-frequency radio frequency technology is simple using loop coil antenna coupled transfer energy and signal, coil antenna
(Several circles), it is most widely used, constitutes about the 50% of REID market;Next to that low frequency radio frequency identifies, employ and high
Frequency radio frequency identification identical magnetic coupling principle, but label antenna is complicated, it is necessary to the coil antenna of circles up to a hundred, and carrier frequency
Limitation, traffic rate is low, has occupied about the 40% of the market share, and remaining 10% radio frequency identification market is mainly that superfrequency is penetrated
Frequency identification technology.
But magnetic-coupled REID have one it is clearly disadvantageous:Communication distance is near.By taking low-frequency technology as an example, one
As be 10 centimetres;High frequency technique can realize 10 centimetres to 1 meter of communication distance;And superfrequency REID, it is passive to penetrate
Frequency identification tag can realize 6 ~ 10 meters of communication distance, but have that signal is big by medium influence, and label chip function is extremely weak etc.
Shortcoming.Therefore, the research for seeking the technical performances such as the communication distance of extended high frequency RFID tag is just relatively more active.
The Fundamentals of limitation magnetic coupling radio frequency identification communication distance are the near field attenuation characteristics in magnetic field:From reader antenna
The distance of surface vertical direction, label and reader antenna often increases by ten times, field strength attenuation 1/1000.And use electromagnetic wave real
Existing energy and the far-field energy of data exchange decay to 1/100 in the case of 10 times of distance increase.Therefore, low frequency and high frequency
Radio frequency identification communication critical distance be using electromagnetic wavelength 1/10.For example the frequency of high-frequency radio frequency identification is
13.56MHz(Wavelength is about 22 meters), limit communication distance should be at 2.2 meters.But the communication of current high-frequency radio frequency identification away from
From only 50 centimetres, the limit far below 2.2 meters.Though 1 meter of communication distance can be realized using double antenna, for ground
The special application scenario such as lower target does not apply to simultaneously.
Limit the relation for also having energy coupling efficiency and communication data rate of magnetic coupling radio frequency identification communication distance.Magnetic coupling
The antenna system for closing RFID tag is substantially an inductance capacitance(LC)Antiresonant circuit, resonant frequency is closer to read
The signal transmission frequency of device is read, quality factor Q is higher, and energy coupling efficiency is higher;But the quality factor Q of the antenna system is got over
It is high, it is meant that bandwidth is narrower, and the data rate of communication is lower.The ISO/IEC14443 and ISO/ identified with high-frequency radio frequency
Exemplified by IEC15693 standards, ISO/IEC14443 standards are mainly used in personal management, and the traffic rate of standard is 106Kbps,
Under 1.5 ~ 7.5A/m work field strength, it is possible to achieve the communication of 0 ~ 10 cm distance;ISO/IEC15693 is used for Item Management, leads to
The minimum data rate of letter is 6.4Kbps, and work field strength is 0.15 ~ 5A/m, but communication distance can be up to 50 centimetres.Here it is
Sacrifice bandwidth and obtain the increased method of communication distance.But this method acquisition communication distance is limited, and sacrifice communication
Data rate.
According to the result of theoretical research and analysis, for magnetic-coupled radio frequency identification communication system, what is often doubled is logical
Communication distance, the area of label antenna need 16 times of increase;Or improve 64 times of aerial network quality factor;Or increase reader
64 times of transmission power.Therefore, the communication distance of magnetic-coupled radio frequency identification is increased, by increasing the area of label antenna, carrying
The quality factor of high label antenna and the transmission power of increase reader are all difficult to obtain satisfied effect.
In order to realize the lifting of magnetic coupling radio frequency communication distance, typical method has:
1)Use semi-active label.In other words, the working power of label is obtained after coupling local voltage stabilizing from antenna
Arrive, but use battery to be powered for tag circuit.Power supply electricity is depended primarily on using the label life-span of battery and temperature in use
The specification in pond, General Life is shorter, and temperature range is very narrow.
2)Use double frequency double antenna label.The antenna of energy transmission and signal transmission is separated, using two different frequencies
Rate is used for radio energy and data transfer.Compared with common passive radio frequency identification system, one group of extra antenna of labeling requirement,
Extra rectification and voltage-stabilized power supply, reader also will more a set of wireless signal generation, power amplifier and antennas.
3)Wave filter and power amplifier are used at reader end.Because reader end carrier frequency and ASK modulate upper and lower
Frequency band, the signal transmitting of carrier frequency about consume 50% energy, the energy of each consumption 25% or so of upper and lower frequency band, but radio frequency
The aerial network tuning characteristic of identification label generally only corresponds to a frequency of upper and lower frequency band, such as general only corresponding upper frequency band,
In other words, it is inoperative that, which there is 75% energy at reader end,.Therefore, by ASK modulate upper and lower frequency band work that
Individual signal is separated by wave filter, after amplifying by power amplifier, can also be obviously improved the communication distance of label.Moral
Klaus Finkenzeller of state et al. use this method, using 50W transmission power obtain 2.8 meters of access away from
From.
Still there is very big limitation to the application field of REID using the semi-active label technology of battery is simple;
The transmission power of increase wireless signal can obtain good communication distance, but the radio transmitted power needed is too big;Double frequency
The mode of label can obtain the radio transmitted power that satisfied communication distance again need not be too high, but the signal antenna of label
Do not possess the ability of energy acceptance, the antenna and power circuit of energy acceptance do not possess the ability of signal reception, label chip
Versatility is bad.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome above shortcomings in the prior art, and propose one kind and use loop coil
The magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system of antenna, it is a kind of to be adapted to big DC component, the clock recovery electricity of alternation coupled oscillation signals
Road and the magnetic coupling RFID tag of demodulator circuit.
Technical scheme is used by the present invention solves the above problems:The tag circuit includes radio-frequency identification reader, read
Device antenna and radio frequency identification tag circuit are read, the radio frequency identification tag circuit includes on-chip tuning electric capacity CR, coupling ring route
Circle antenna LR and label chip, the coupling loop coil antenna LR are connected with antenna input RF1, RF2 of label chip,
On-chip tuning electric capacity CR, coupling loop coil antenna LR and the label chip equiva lent impedance form this and use loop coil antenna
Magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system aerial network, the quality factor of the aerial network meet radio-frequency identification reader and
Energy transmission efficiency and signal transmission bandwidth required for radio frequency identification tag circuit work;The label chip include radio frequency and
Analog circuit, digital signal processing circuit and memory;The radio frequency and analog circuit include clock circuit, demodulator circuit, whole
Current circuit, mu balanced circuit, reset circuit, modulation circuit, signal sending circuit, clock circuit are used for from coupling loop coil antenna
Extract the clock Fc consistent with frequency of oscillation in LR, demodulator circuit is by antenna input RF1 am signals envelope detected
Numeral output ASK corresponding to shaping generation.Electricity is connected between the clock circuit, demodulator circuit and antenna input RF1
Hold Ck, the antenna input RF1 provides input letter by electric capacity Ck inside label chip for clock circuit and demodulator circuit
Number.Remove the antenna input RF1 signals v1 after DC component and oscillator signal rising edge is respectively obtained by A1, A2, A3 amplification
With trailing edge corresponding to pulse signal, by NAND gate G1 and G2 form R-S triggers recover dutycycle not wait, vibrate
The consistent clock Fc of frequency.
Antenna input RF1, RF2 of coupling loop coil antenna LR and label chip are joined directly together, may be constructed mark
The closely application model of label.That now clock circuit recovers is the consistent clock Fc of equal duty ratio, frequency of oscillation.
Further, under remote pattern, the present invention is additionally provided with diode D and external dc power Bat, dc source
Bat provides the power supply required for label chip work, and the coupling loop coil antenna LR passes through diode D and label chip
Antenna input RF1 be connected, the other end and external power source Bat of the coupling loop coil antenna LR series connection, and and label
The antenna input RF2 of chip is connected;The on-chip tuning electric capacity CR, coupling loop coil antenna LR, diode D, outside are straight
Stream power supply Bat internal resistance and label chip equiva lent impedance form the magnetic coupling RFID tag system for using loop coil antenna
The aerial network of system, the internal resistance of diode D forward conduction resistance and external dc power Bat is all smaller, the product of aerial network
Quality factor meets the energy transmission efficiency and signal transmission required for radio-frequency identification reader and radio frequency identification tag circuit work
Bandwidth.
Preferably, the digital signal processing circuit of the present invention uses processor or finite state machine.
Preferably, the memory of the present invention includes the ROM for program storage, for program and data storage
EEPROM, SRAM, FeRAM.
Preferably, the rectifying bridge arm of the rectification circuit of the present invention is using diode or the metal-oxide-semiconductor of PN junction connection.
Preferably, what the external dc power Bat of the present invention was either powered using battery using wireless remote
The voltage-stabilized power supply that mode obtains.
The present invention can directly constitute the magnetic coupling RF tag closely routinely applied with coupling loop coil antenna, again
Remote application can be realized by coupling loop coil antenna combination diode and dc source.
Brief description of the drawings
By the more detailed description to mode of the embodiment of the present invention in accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other purpose of the invention, spy
The advantage of seeking peace will be apparent, wherein, identical reference number typically represents the phase in illustrated embodiments of the invention mode
Same part.
Fig. 1 shows magnetic coupling passive radio frequency identification reader, reader antenna and tag system.
Fig. 2 shows magnetic coupling radio-frequency identification reader, reader antenna and battery powered semi-active label.
Fig. 3 shows double frequency magnetic coupling passive radio frequency identification reader, reader antenna and tag system.
Fig. 4 shows the typical short range of magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system and remote mode of the present invention.
Fig. 5 shows the magnetic coupling RFID tag of the invention closely operating mode with remote power circuit.
Fig. 6 shows the clock recovery circuitry of magnetic coupling RFID tag.
Fig. 7 shows the clock recovery circuitry of the magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows the clock recovery circuitry aerial signal waveform of magnetic coupling RFID tag and the numeral of carrier frequency
Clock waveform.
Fig. 9 shows the clock recovery circuitry aerial signal waveform of the magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention, removes direct current
Oscillator signal waveform and carrier frequency digital dock waveform.
Figure 10 shows that the 100%ASK demodulator circuit aerial signal waveforms of magnetic coupling RFID tag and demodulator circuit are defeated
Go out.
Figure 11 shows that the 100%ASK demodulator circuit aerial signals waveform of the magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention is conciliate
Adjust circuit output.
Embodiment
The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, shows that the present invention's is excellent in the accompanying drawings
Select embodiment.However, the present invention may be realized in various forms and should not be construed and be limited by embodiments set forth here.
On the contrary, thesing embodiments are provided so that the present invention is more thorough and complete, also, convey the scope of the invention to completely
Those skilled in the art.
Chart is combined further below to illustrate the present invention.
Fig. 1 shows magnetic coupling passive radio frequency identification reader, reader antenna and radio frequency identification tag circuit.Reader
Antenna realizes the transmission of energy and data by magnetic coupling mode between radio-frequency identification reader and radio frequency identification tag circuit.
The efficiency and coupling loop coil antenna LR, on-chip tuning electric capacity CR and label chip equiva lent impedance of energy transmission form tuning net
The quality factor of network are relevant, and in the case of the number of turn, sectional area in coupling loop coil antenna LR determine, the quality factor is higher,
The efficiency of energy transmission is higher, and the operating distance of radio frequency identification tag circuit is more remote.But quality factor is higher, signal bandwidth
Narrower, message transmission rate is lower.Therefore, the usual operating distance of magnetic coupling passive RF label is closer.
Fig. 2 shows magnetic coupling radio-frequency identification reader, reader antenna and battery powered semi-active label.By making
Powered with circuit of the battery to label chip, the coil antenna of label is only used for reception and the load modulation signal of coupled signal
Send, the operating distance of label can be increased.
, can be in label chip for the problems such as temperature limit caused by solving battery powered narrows, lifetime
On using the data different frequency that communicates realize wireless power.
Fig. 3 shows double frequency magnetic coupling passive radio frequency identification reader, reader antenna and tag system.For power supply
The tuning network quality factor that coil antenna Lp, the impedance of chip power circuit equivalent and tuning capacitance are formed is high, therefore energy
Efficiency of transmission is high.Reader end configures signal antenna and energy transmission antenna.
Enter the label chip of row data communication and energy transmission respectively and using only day using battery powered and using double frequency
Line obtains energy and the magnetic coupling RFID tag carried out data transmission lacks versatility.By improving inside label chip
Related circuit design, and improve label chip and external coil antenna, the type of attachment of accessory power supply, so that it may so that label chip
Conventional closely pattern is worked in, remote pattern can also be worked in.
Fig. 4 shows the typical application model of magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system of the present invention.In work closely
Under pattern(Fig. 4 a), coupling loop coil antenna LR is directly connected with the antenna input port RF1 of label chip with RF2;Remote
Under journey pattern(Fig. 4 b), coupling loop coil antenna LR is connected by diode D with the antenna input port RF1 of label chip.
RF1 provides input signal by coupled capacitor Ck inside label chip for clock circuit and demodulator circuit, coil antenna LR's
The other end and external power source Bat series connection, are connected with the antenna input RF2 of label chip.
Further, it is to couple between the antenna input port RF1 and RF2 of label chip under near work pattern
The alternating signal arrived, rectifier bridge D1, D2, D3, D4 inside label chip are respectively used to the rectification of the positive negative cycle of alternating signal, when
When alternating signal between RF1 and RF2 is positive half period, D2, D3 arm conducting of rectifier bridge, in the input of mu balanced circuit
Positive input is obtained, the stable voltage VDD of mu balanced circuit output works for label chip internal circuit;When between RF1 and RF2
When alternating signal is negative half-cycle, the conducting of D1, D4 arm of rectifier bridge, still obtained in the input of mu balanced circuit positive defeated
Enter, the stable voltage VDD of mu balanced circuit output works for label chip internal circuit.This is the general work principle of rectifier bridge,
It is not described in detail.Rectifying bridge arm can be diode or the metal-oxide-semiconductor of PN junction connection.Under telework pattern,
Due to external power source Bat presence, rectifier bridge D1, D2, D3, D4 only have D2 and D3 rectifier arm constant conductions, are carried for mu balanced circuit
Inputted for lasting mu balanced circuit, so as to provide stable working power VDD for label chip internal circuit.Fig. 5 shows this
The magnetic coupling RFID tag of the invention closely operating mode with remote power circuit.
The magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system of the present invention is outside in the clock circuit and demodulation circuit because of label chip
Power supply Bat presence, it is necessary to use capacity coupled mode to provide input for clock circuit and demodulator circuit.This Fig. 6 is shown
The clock recovery circuitry of magnetic coupling RFID tag.For the antenna input RF1 signals of label chip, pass through PN junction connection
M1 metal-oxide-semiconductors, further decayed by resistance Rk, by Schmitt trigger As shapings, obtain the clock consistent with frequency of oscillation
Export Fc.Typically, Fig. 8 shows the clock recovery circuitry aerial signal waveform and carrier frequency of magnetic coupling RFID tag
Digital dock waveform.For the clock circuit of the present invention, the antenna input RF1 of label chip signal is gone by electric capacity Ck
Except DC component, pulse signal corresponding to oscillator signal rising edge and trailing edge is respectively obtained by A1, A2, A3 amplification, passed through
NAND gate G1 and the R-S triggers that G2 is formed recover the consistent clock Fc of frequency of oscillation that dutycycle does not wait.NAND gate G1 and
G2 can also be realized by the way of nor gate.The inconsistent clock Fc of dutycycle is obtained after can using d type flip flop frequency reducing
The label chip clock of the suitable circuit drives of dutycycle 50%.Fig. 7 show the present invention magnetic coupling RFID tag when
Clock restoring circuit.Fig. 9 shows the clock recovery circuitry aerial signal waveform of the magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention, gone directly
The oscillator signal waveform of stream and the digital dock waveform of carrier frequency.
Accordingly, electric capacity Ck output is also used for demodulator circuit.Here using reader end 100%ASK modulation signal as
Example.Figure 10 shows the 100%ASK demodulator circuit aerial signal waveforms and demodulation circuit output of magnetic coupling RFID tag, figure
11 show that the 100%ASK demodulator circuit aerial signal waveforms of the magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention and demodulator circuit are defeated
Go out.
For the remote pattern of Fig. 4 present invention, when radio frequency identification tag circuit and closer to the distance, the coupling of reader antenna
When closing amplitude of the amplitude of AC signal more than external power source Bat, RF2 terminal voltages are pruned due to diode D presence and have been more than
RF1 terminal voltages, the situation for avoiding the bridge arm of label chip rectifier bridge different directions while opening;Conversely, work as distant, coupling
When conjunction AC signal amplitude is much smaller than external power source Bat amplitudes, electric capacity Ck has ensured that clock circuit and demodulator circuit are normal
Work.Therefore, the operating distance under remote mode be also can with consecutive variations, be not limited in it is remote under just can be with work
Make.
Certainly, those skilled in the art will know that related general technology, such as the detection circuit of ASK amplitude-modulated signals;Due to two
Load modulation depth shoals, it is necessary to by changing the load capacitance modulated or electricity caused by pole pipe D and external power source Bat is introduced
Hold, reduce conducting resistance of load modulation switch device etc. and carry out depth of high load modulation etc., repeat no more here.
Modulated or using phase by changing the section components or signaling mode of the present invention, such as using 10% ASK
Modulate PSK, do not affect suitable big DC component proposed by the invention, alternation coupled oscillation signals clock recovery circuitry and
The magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system of demodulator circuit, communicated thereby using being identified in close distance radio frequency, can be used for having
The inventive nature of the long distance radio frequency identification application of external power source.Within the spirit and principles of the invention, that is done is any
Modification, equivalent substitution, improvement etc., should be included in the scope of the protection.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system using loop coil antenna, including radio-frequency identification reader, reader
Antenna and radio frequency identification tag circuit, it is characterised in that:The radio frequency identification tag circuit includes on-chip tuning electric capacity CR, coupling
Loop coil antenna LR and label chip, antenna input RF1, RF2 of the coupling loop coil antenna LR and label chip
It is connected, on-chip tuning electric capacity CR, coupling loop coil antenna LR and the label chip equiva lent impedance form this and use loop
The aerial network of the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system of coil antenna, the quality factor of the aerial network meet radio frequency identification
Energy transmission efficiency and signal transmission bandwidth required for reader and radio frequency identification tag circuit work;
The label chip includes radio frequency and analog circuit, digital signal processing circuit and memory;
The radio frequency and analog circuit include clock circuit, demodulator circuit, rectification circuit, mu balanced circuit, reset circuit, modulation electricity
Road, signal sending circuit, electric capacity Ck, the day are connected between the clock circuit, demodulator circuit and antenna input RF1
Line input RF1 provides input signal by electric capacity Ck inside label chip for clock circuit and demodulator circuit;
Also include diode D and external dc power Bat, the coupling loop coil antenna LR pass through diode D and label core
The antenna input RF1 of piece is connected, the other end and external power source the Bat series connection of the coupling loop coil antenna LR, and and mark
The antenna input RF2 of label chip is connected;The on-chip tuning electric capacity CR, coupling loop coil antenna LR, diode D, outside
Dc source Bat internal resistance and label chip equiva lent impedance form the magnetic coupling RFID tag for using loop coil antenna
The aerial network of system, the quality factor of the aerial network meet radio-frequency identification reader and radio frequency identification tag circuit work
Required energy transmission efficiency and signal transmission bandwidth.
2. the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system according to claim 1 using loop coil antenna, it is characterised in that:
The digital signal processing circuit uses processor or finite state machine.
3. the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system according to claim 1 using loop coil antenna, it is characterised in that:
The memory includes ROM, EEPROM, SRAM, FeRAM for program and data storage for program storage.
4. the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system according to claim 1 using loop coil antenna, it is characterised in that:
The rectifying bridge arm of the rectification circuit is using diode or the metal-oxide-semiconductor of PN junction connection.
5. the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification label system according to claim 1 using loop coil antenna, it is characterised in that:
The voltage-stabilized power supply that the external dc power Bat is obtained by the way of battery is either using wireless remote power supply.
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CN105897312B (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2019-04-02 | 王清斌 | A kind of NFC label interface for energy acquisition and small size optimization |
CN105897313B (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2019-01-15 | 王清斌 | A kind of NFC communication system and method for optimizing energy acquisition and realizing small sized antenna |
CN106650876B (en) * | 2016-10-11 | 2019-07-09 | 卓捷创芯科技(深圳)有限公司 | A kind of half-duplex RF ID oscillating maintaining circuit generating pulse by trigger |
CN109766980B (en) | 2019-01-17 | 2022-05-06 | 卓捷创芯科技(深圳)有限公司 | Circuit and method for improving energy collection of passive radio frequency identification tag of temperature sensor |
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