CN105160387A - Magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit applying loop coil antenna - Google Patents
Magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit applying loop coil antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN105160387A CN105160387A CN201510344048.9A CN201510344048A CN105160387A CN 105160387 A CN105160387 A CN 105160387A CN 201510344048 A CN201510344048 A CN 201510344048A CN 105160387 A CN105160387 A CN 105160387A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit applying a loop coil antenna. According to the invention, a clock recovery circuit and a demodulation circuit, which are suitable for a high direct current component and alternating coupled oscillation signals, are adopted by a tag, thereby not only being capable of forming a close-range conventionally applied magnetic coupling radio frequency tag directly together with the coupling loop coil antenna, but also being capable of realizing remote applications by being combined with a diode and a direct-current power supply through the coupling loop coil antenna.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit using loop coil antenna, be specifically related to a kind of applicable large DC component, the clock recovery circuitry of alternation coupled oscillation signals and the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of demodulator circuit.
Background technology
REID comprises radio-frequency identification reader, reader antenna and RFID tag.According to adopting the frequency of radiofrequency signal to distinguish, comprise again the magnetic coupling REID that low frequency (LF, 125/134KHz) and high band (HF, 13.56MHz) adopt loop coil antenna; Super high band (UHF, 860 ~ 960MHz) adopts electric coupling pole sub antenna REID; Microwave section (2.45GHz) REID.Wherein, the tag circuit of low frequency, high frequency technique and superfrequency REID, if do not adopt powered battery, obtains energy by antenna and carries out exchanges data, being called as passive radio frequency identification technique; If adopt power supply (being generally battery) power supply to be still not used in the transmission of signal, be then called as half active technique; Use Power supply and for the transmission of signal, be then called as active technique.Microwave section REID is active radio frequency Identification technology.In passive radio frequency identification technique, high-frequency radio frequency technology adopts loop coil antenna-coupled transmitting energy and signal, and coil antenna simple (a few circle), is most widely used, accounts for greatly 50% of REID market; Next is low frequency radio frequency identification, have employed the magnetic coupling principle identical with high-frequency radio frequency identification, but label antenna is complicated, need the coil antenna of circle up to a hundred, and the restriction of carrier frequency, traffic rate is low, approximately occupies 40% of the market share, all the other the radio-frequency (RF) identification market of 10% mainly superfrequency REID.
But magnetic-coupled REID has a significantly deficiency: communication distance is near.For low-frequency technology, it is generally 10 centimetres; High frequency technique can realize the communication distance of 10 centimetres to 1 meter; And superfrequency REID, the passive radio-frequency identification labeled communication distance that can realize 6 ~ 10 meters, but there is signal to be subject to medium influence large, the shortcomings such as label chip function is extremely weak.Therefore, the research seeking the technical features such as the communication distance of extended high frequency RFID tag is just more active.
The Fundamentals of restriction magnetic coupling radio-frequency (RF) identification communication distance are the near field attenuation characteristics in magnetic field: from reader antenna surface vertical direction, the distance of label and reader antenna often increases by ten times, and field strength attenuation is 1/1000.And adopt electromagnetic wave to realize the far-field energy of energy and exchanges data when distance increases by 10 times, decay to 1/100.Therefore, the critical distance that low frequency communicates with the radio-frequency (RF) identification of high frequency is use electromagnetic wavelength 1/10.The frequency of such as high-frequency radio frequency identification is 13.56MHz(wavelength is approximately 22 meters), limit communication distance should at 2.2 meters.But the communication distance of current high-frequency radio frequency identification only has 50 centimetres, far below the limit of 2.2 meters.Though use double antenna can realize the communication distance of 1 meter, inapplicable for special application scenarios such as buried targets.
The relation also having energy coupling efficiency and communication data rate of restriction magnetic coupling radio-frequency (RF) identification communication distance.The antenna system of magnetic coupling RFID tag is inductance capacitance (LC) antiresonant circuit in essence, and resonance frequency is more close to the signal transmission frequency of reader, and quality factor Q is higher, and energy coupling efficiency is higher; But the quality factor Q of this antenna system is higher, mean that bandwidth is narrower, the data rate of communication is lower.For ISO/IEC14443 and the ISO/IEC15693 standard of high-frequency radio frequency identification, ISO/IEC14443 standard is mainly used in personal management, the traffic rate of standard is 106Kbps, under the work field intensity of 1.5 ~ 7.5A/m, can realize the communication of 0 ~ 10 cm distance; ISO/IEC15693 is used for Item Management, and the minimum data rate of communication is 6.4Kbps, and work field intensity is 0.15 ~ 5A/m, but communication distance can reach 50 centimetres.Here it is sacrifices the method that bandwidth obtains communication distance increase.But it is limited that this method obtains communication distance, and sacrifice the data rate of communication.
According to the result of theoretical research and analysis, for magnetic-coupled radio frequency identification communication system, the communication distance often doubled, the area of label antenna needs increase by 16 times; Or improve aerial network quality factor 64 times; Or increase the emissive power 64 times of reader.Therefore, increase the communication distance of magnetic-coupled radio-frequency (RF) identification, be all difficult to obtain satisfied effect by the emissive power increasing the area of label antenna, the quality factor improving label antenna and increase reader.
In order to realize the lifting of magnetic coupling radio frequency communication distance, typical method has:
1) semi-active label is used.In other words, the working power of label no longer obtains after the local voltage stabilizing of antenna-coupled, but adopts battery to be that tag circuit is powered.Adopt the label life-span of battery and serviceability temperature to depend primarily on the specification of supplying cell, General Life is shorter, and temperature range is very narrow.
2) double frequency double antenna label is used.By the antenna of Energy Transfer and Signal transmissions separately, adopt two different frequencies to be used for radio energy and data are transmitted.Compare with common passive radio frequency identification system, the extra one group of antenna of labeling requirement, extra rectification and stabilized voltage supply, reader also will how a set of wireless signal occur, power amplifier and antenna.
3) wave filter and power amplifier is used at reader end.Because the upper and lower frequency band of reader end carrier frequency and ASK modulation, the signal of carrier frequency launches the energy approximately consuming 50%, upper and lower frequency band respectively consumes the energy of about 25%, but a frequency of the usual only corresponding upper and lower frequency band of the aerial network tuning characteristic of RFID tag, such as general only corresponding upper frequency band, in other words, reader end has the energy of 75% to be inoperative.Therefore, that signal that the upper and lower frequency band that ASK modulates works is separated by wave filter, after being amplified by power amplifier, also significantly can promote the communication distance of label.The people such as the KlausFinkenzeller of Germany adopt this method, use the emissive power of 50W to obtain the access distance of 2.8 meters.
The application of the simple still radio frequency recognition technology of the semi-active label technology of battery is used to have very large restriction; The emissive power increasing wireless signal can obtain good communication distance, but the radio transmitted power needed is too large; The mode of dual-frequency label can obtain satisfied communication distance does not need too high radio transmitted power again, but the signal antenna of label does not possess the ability of energy acceptance, the antenna of energy acceptance and power circuit do not possess the ability of Signal reception, and the versatility of label chip is bad.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome above shortcomings in prior art, and propose a kind of magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit using loop coil antenna, a kind of applicable large DC component, the clock recovery circuitry of alternation coupled oscillation signals and the magnetic coupling RFID tag of demodulator circuit.
The present invention's adopted technical scheme that solves the problem is: this tag circuit comprises radio-frequency identification reader, reader antenna and radio frequency identification label system, described radio frequency identification label system comprises tuning capacitance CR on sheet, coupling loop coil antenna LR and label chip, the antenna input RF1 of described coupling loop coil antenna LR and label chip, RF2 is connected, described upper tuning capacitance CR, coupling loop coil antenna LR and label chip equiva lent impedance form the aerial network of the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of this use loop coil antenna, the quality factor of described aerial network meet radio-frequency identification reader and the energy transmission efficiency required for radio frequency identification label system work and Signal transmissions bandwidth, described label chip comprises radio frequency and mimic channel, digital signal processing circuit and storer, described radio frequency and mimic channel comprise clock circuit, demodulator circuit, rectification circuit, mu balanced circuit, reset circuit, modulation circuit, signal sending circuit, clock circuit is used for extracting the clock Fc consistent with oscillation frequency from coupling loop coil antenna LR, and the am signals envelope detected shaping of antenna input RF1 is produced corresponding numeral and exports ASK by demodulator circuit.At described clock circuit, between demodulator circuit and antenna input RF1, be connected with electric capacity Ck, described antenna input RF1 label chip inner by electric capacity Ck for clock circuit and demodulator circuit provide input signal.Antenna input RF1 signal v1 after removing DC component is amplified by A1, A2, A3 and obtains oscillator signal rising edge and pulse signal corresponding to negative edge respectively, the R-S trigger formed through Sheffer stroke gate G1 and G2 recover dutycycle not grade, clock Fc that oscillation frequency is consistent.
Coupling loop coil antenna LR is directly connected with antenna input RF1, RF2 of label chip, the closely application model of label can be formed.The clock Fc that what now clock circuit recovered is equal duty ratio, oscillation frequency is consistent.
Further, under remote pattern, the present invention is also provided with diode D and external dc power Bat, direct supply Bat provides the power supply required for label chip work, described coupling loop coil antenna LR is connected with the antenna input RF1 of label chip by diode D, the other end and the external power source Bat of described coupling loop coil antenna LR connect, and are connected with the antenna input RF2 of label chip; The internal resistance of described upper tuning capacitance CR, coupling loop coil antenna LR, diode D, external dc power Bat and label chip equiva lent impedance form the aerial network of the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of this use loop coil antenna, the forward conduction resistance of diode D and the internal resistance of external dc power Bat all less, the quality factor of aerial network meets radio-frequency identification reader and the energy transmission efficiency required for radio frequency identification label system work and Signal transmissions bandwidth.
As preferably, described digital signal processing circuit of the present invention adopts processor or finite state machine.
As preferably, described storer of the present invention comprises for the ROM of program storage, EEPROM, SRAM, FeRAM of storing for program and data.
As preferably, the rectifying bridge arm of described rectification circuit of the present invention adopts the metal-oxide-semiconductor of diode or PN junction connection.
As preferably, the stabilized voltage supply that described external dc power Bat of the present invention adopts battery or the mode that uses wireless remote to power to obtain.
The present invention can directly form the closely conventional magnetic coupling radio-frequency (RF) tag applied with coupling loop coil antenna, by coupling loop coil antenna in conjunction with diode and direct supply, can realize remote application again.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By the more detailed description to embodiment of the present invention mode in accompanying drawing, above-mentioned and other object of the present invention, Characteristics and advantages will become more obvious, and wherein, identical reference number represents the same parts in illustrated embodiments of the invention mode usually.
Fig. 1 shows magnetic coupling passive radio frequency identification reader, reader antenna and tag system.
Fig. 2 shows magnetic coupling radio-frequency identification reader, reader antenna and battery powered semi-active label.
Fig. 3 shows double frequency magnetic coupling passive radio frequency identification reader, reader antenna and tag system.
Fig. 4 shows the typical short range of magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of the present invention and remote mode.
Fig. 5 show magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention closely with the operating mode of remote power circuit.
Fig. 6 shows the clock recovery circuitry of magnetic coupling RFID tag.
Fig. 7 shows the clock recovery circuitry of magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention.
Fig. 8 shows the clock recovery circuitry aerial signal waveform of magnetic coupling RFID tag and the digital dock waveform of carrier frequency.
Fig. 9 show magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention clock recovery circuitry aerial signal waveform, remove the oscillator signal waveform of direct current and the digital dock waveform of carrier frequency.
Figure 10 shows 100%ASK demodulator circuit aerial signal waveform and the demodulator circuit output of magnetic coupling RFID tag.
Figure 11 shows 100%ASK demodulator circuit aerial signal waveform and the demodulator circuit output of magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe the preferred embodiment of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, show the preferred embodiments of the present invention in the accompanying drawings.But, the present invention can realize in a variety of manners and to should not be construed limit by the embodiment set forth here.On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to be to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and, completely scope of the present invention is conveyed to those skilled in the art.
Further combined with chart, the present invention is described below.
Fig. 1 shows magnetic coupling passive radio frequency identification reader, reader antenna and radio frequency identification label system.Reader antenna realizes the transmission of energy and data by magnetic coupling mode between radio-frequency identification reader and radio frequency identification label system.The efficiency of Energy Transfer is relevant with the quality factor that label chip equiva lent impedance forms tuning network with tuning capacitance CR on coupling loop coil antenna LR, sheet, under the number of turn, sectional area determination situation of coupling loop coil antenna LR, this quality factor is higher, the efficiency of Energy Transfer is higher, and the operating distance of radio frequency identification label system is far away.But quality factor is higher, signal bandwidth is narrower, and message transmission rate is lower.Therefore, the usual operating distance of magnetic coupling passive RF label is closer.
Fig. 2 shows magnetic coupling radio-frequency identification reader, reader antenna and battery powered semi-active label.By using battery to power to the circuit of label chip, the coil antenna of label, only for the reception of coupled signal and the transmission of load modulation signal, can increase the operating distance of label.
The problems such as the temperature limit caused to solve powered battery narrows, lifetime, the usage data different frequency that communicates can realize wireless power on label chip.
Fig. 3 shows double frequency magnetic coupling passive radio frequency identification reader, reader antenna and tag system.The tuning network quality factor formed for coil antenna Lp, the impedance of chip power circuit equivalent and the tuning capacitance of powering is high, and therefore the transfer efficiency of energy is high.Reader end configuration signal antenna and energy transmitting antenna.
Use powered battery and employing double frequency carry out the label chip of data communication and Energy Transfer respectively and only use antenna acquisition energy to lack versatility with the magnetic coupling RFID tag of carrying out data transmission.By improving the related circuit design of label chip inside, and improving the type of attachment of label chip and external coil antenna, accessory power supply, label chip just can be made to work in the closely pattern of routine, also can work in remote pattern.
Fig. 4 shows the typical application model of magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of the present invention.Under in-plant mode of operation, (a), coupling loop coil antenna LR's Fig. 4 is directly connected with antenna input port RF1 with RF2 of label chip; Under remote mode (Fig. 4 b), coupling loop coil antenna LR is connected with the antenna input port RF1 of label chip by diode D.RF1 label chip inner by coupling capacitance Ck for clock circuit and demodulator circuit provide input signal, the other end of coil antenna LR and external power source Bat connect, and are connected with the antenna input RF2 of label chip.
Further, under near work pattern, it is the alternating signal obtained that is coupled between antenna input port RF1 and RF2 of label chip, rectifier bridge D1, D2, D3, D4 of label chip inside are respectively used to the rectification of the positive negative cycle of alternating signal, time alternating signal between RF1 and RF2 is positive half period, D2, D3 arm conducting of rectifier bridge, obtains positive input at the input end of mu balanced circuit, and the voltage VDD of mu balanced circuit stable output is for the work of label chip internal circuit; Time alternating signal between RF1 and RF2 is negative half-cycle, D1, D4 arm conducting of rectifier bridge, still obtains positive input at the input end of mu balanced circuit, and the voltage VDD of mu balanced circuit stable output is for the work of label chip internal circuit.This is the general work principle of rectifier bridge, is not described in detail.Rectifying bridge arm can be diode, also can be the metal-oxide-semiconductor of PN junction connection.Under telework pattern, due to the existence of external power source Bat, rectifier bridge D1, D2, D3, D4 only have D2 and D3 rectifier arm constant conduction, for mu balanced circuit provides the input of lasting mu balanced circuit, thus provide stable working power VDD for label chip internal circuit.Fig. 5 show magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention closely with the operating mode of remote power circuit.
Magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of the present invention is the existence of external power source Bat at the clock circuit of label chip and demodulation circuit because, and capacity coupled mode must be adopted to provide input for clock circuit and demodulator circuit.This Fig. 6 shows the clock recovery circuitry of magnetic coupling RFID tag.For the antenna input RF1 signal of label chip, managed by the M1MOS of PN junction connection, decayed by resistance Rk further, by this schmitt trigger As shaping, obtain the clock consistent with oscillation frequency and export Fc.Typically, Fig. 8 shows the clock recovery circuitry aerial signal waveform of magnetic coupling RFID tag and the digital dock waveform of carrier frequency.For clock circuit of the present invention, the signal of the antenna input RF1 of label chip removes DC component through electric capacity Ck, amplified by A1, A2, A3 and obtain oscillator signal rising edge and pulse signal corresponding to negative edge respectively, recover consistent clock Fc such as the oscillation frequency of dutycycle not grade through Sheffer stroke gate G1 and the R-S trigger that G2 is formed.Sheffer stroke gate G1 and G2 also can adopt the mode of rejection gate to realize.The inconsistent clock Fc of dutycycle obtains the label chip clock of the applicable drives of dutycycle 50% after can adopting d type flip flop frequency reducing.Fig. 7 shows the clock recovery circuitry of magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention.Fig. 9 show magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention clock recovery circuitry aerial signal waveform, remove the oscillator signal waveform of direct current and the digital dock waveform of carrier frequency.
Accordingly, the output of electric capacity Ck is also for demodulator circuit.Here for the signal that reader end 100%ASK modulates.Figure 10 shows 100%ASK demodulator circuit aerial signal waveform and the demodulator circuit output of magnetic coupling RFID tag, and Figure 11 shows 100%ASK demodulator circuit aerial signal waveform and the demodulator circuit output of magnetic coupling RFID tag of the present invention.
For Fig. 4 remote pattern of the present invention, when the close together of radio frequency identification label system and reader antenna, when the amplitude of coupling AC signal is greater than the amplitude of external power source Bat, existence due to diode D RF2 terminal voltage of having pruned is greater than RF1 terminal voltage, the situation that the brachium pontis avoiding label chip rectifier bridge different directions is opened simultaneously; Otherwise when distant, time coupling AC signal amplitude is much smaller than external power source Bat amplitude, electric capacity Ck has ensured that clock circuit and demodulator circuit normally work.Therefore, the operating distance under remote mode is also can continually varying, be not limited in remote under just can work.
Certainly, those skilled in the art will know that relevant current techique, such as the testing circuit of ASK amplitude-modulated signal; Because diode D and external power source Bat introduces the load-modulate depth shallower caused, need the load capacitance by changing modulation or electric capacity, the conducting resistance etc. reducing load-modulate switching device carrys out the degree of depth etc. of high load modulation, repeats no more here.
By changing section components of the present invention or signaling mode, such as adopt the ASK modulation of 10% or adopt phase-modulation PSK, do not affect applicable large DC component proposed by the invention, the clock recovery circuitry of alternation coupled oscillation signals and the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of demodulator circuit, thus be used in close distance radio frequency identification communication, also may be used for the invention essence of the long distance radio frequency identification application with external power source.Within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment made, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. one kind uses the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of loop coil antenna, comprise radio-frequency identification reader, reader antenna and radio frequency identification label system, it is characterized in that: described radio frequency identification label system comprises tuning capacitance CR on sheet, coupling loop coil antenna LR and label chip, the antenna input RF1 of described coupling loop coil antenna LR and label chip, RF2 is connected, described upper tuning capacitance CR, coupling loop coil antenna LR and label chip equiva lent impedance form the aerial network of the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of this use loop coil antenna, the quality factor of described aerial network meet radio-frequency identification reader and the energy transmission efficiency required for radio frequency identification label system work and Signal transmissions bandwidth, described label chip comprises radio frequency and mimic channel, digital signal processing circuit and storer, described radio frequency and mimic channel comprise clock circuit, demodulator circuit, rectification circuit, mu balanced circuit, reset circuit, modulation circuit, signal sending circuit, at described clock circuit, between demodulator circuit and antenna input RF1, be connected with electric capacity Ck, described antenna input RF1 label chip inner by electric capacity Ck for clock circuit and demodulator circuit provide input signal.
2. the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of use loop coil antenna according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: also comprise diode D and external dc power Bat, described coupling loop coil antenna LR is connected with the antenna input RF1 of label chip by diode D, the other end and the external power source Bat of described coupling loop coil antenna LR connect, and are connected with the antenna input RF2 of label chip; The internal resistance of described upper tuning capacitance CR, coupling loop coil antenna LR, diode D, external dc power Bat and label chip equiva lent impedance form the aerial network of the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of this use loop coil antenna, and the quality factor of described aerial network meets radio-frequency identification reader and the energy transmission efficiency required for radio frequency identification label system work and Signal transmissions bandwidth.
3. the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of use loop coil antenna according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described digital signal processing circuit adopts processor or finite state machine.
4. the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of use loop coil antenna according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described storer comprises for the ROM of program storage, EEPROM, SRAM, the FeRAM for program and data storage.
5. the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of use loop coil antenna according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the rectifying bridge arm of described rectification circuit adopts the metal-oxide-semiconductor of diode or PN junction connection.
6. the magnetic coupling radio frequency identification tag circuit of use loop coil antenna according to claim 2, is characterized in that: the stabilized voltage supply that the mode that described external dc power Bat adopts battery or use wireless remote to power obtains.
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| WO2017166366A1 (en) * | 2016-04-01 | 2017-10-05 | 王清斌 | Nfc communication system and method for optimizing energy acquisition and realizing small-size antenna |
| WO2020147649A1 (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2020-07-23 | 卓捷创芯科技（深圳）有限公司 | Improved circuit and method for collecting energy of passive radio frequency identification having temperature sensor |
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| CN105160387B (en) | 2018-01-26 |
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