CN105158623B - A kind of three-phase bridge PWM rectifier switching tube open-circuit fault diagnostic method based on current phase angle - Google Patents
A kind of three-phase bridge PWM rectifier switching tube open-circuit fault diagnostic method based on current phase angle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of three-phase bridge PWM rectifier switching tube open-circuit fault diagnostic methods, belong to field of three-phase AC/DC conversion.The present invention is the problems such as solving multitube fault diagnosis inaccuracy, poor robustness existing for existing diagnosis scheme.The method is using failure phase current on line side occurs being this feature of null range when either switch tube open circuit failure in three-phase bridge PWM rectifier, current phase angle is extracted from three-phase current on line side, fault detection and positioning are realized according to current phase angle variable quantity and power grid phase angle.Method disclosed by the invention, for single and multiple switch pipe in three-phase bridge PWM rectifier, open-circuit fault is able to achieve efficient diagnosis simultaneously, and software algorithm is simple, high to systemic transient state robustness without increasing hardware circuit.
Description
Technical field
The invention discloses a kind of switching tube open-circuit fault diagnostic methods for three-phase bridge PWM rectifier, belong to three
Phase ac-dc conversion field.
Background technique
Compared to traditional uncontrollable rectifier or phase control rectifier scheme, three-phase bridge PWM rectifier have DC voltage it is controllable,
Unity power factor, the advantages that current on line side harmonic wave is small and energy can be with two-way flow can be achieved, in, large-power occasions obtain
Extensive use is arrived.With the large-scale use of power inverter, real-time, efficient diagnosis is carried out to its failure and is increasingly becoming research
Hot spot.Investigation display, about 38% power conversion system failure are since device for power switching failure causes, and main includes short circuit
Failure and open-circuit fault.For short trouble, since it can cause the normal element of other in system because of over-voltage or overcurrent moment
Damage, it is necessary to which implementing safeguard measure rapidly reduces damage, and usually only hardware protection circuit can satisfy rapidity；Another party
Face, phenomenon of the failure show as significantly over-voltage or overcurrent, and fault detection and the protection implement are convenient.Switching tube open-circuit fault will not
Lead to system closedown, but converter long-term work may cause secondary failure in abnormality.In order to avoid the hair of secondary failure
It is raw, and can be combined with faults-tolerant control strategy to improve the reliability of system, major part document is directed to opening for converter at present
Close the expansion research of tube open circuit fault diagnosis.
In recent years, three-phase motor driver (three-phase bridge type inverse is concentrated on to the fault diagnosis research of power inverter
Device), and formed more complete theoretical system.According to diagnostic variable difference, open-circuit fault diagnostic method can be divided into current diagnostic
Method and voltage diagnostic method.Current diagnostic method is handled three-phase current based on the three-phase current distortion situation after open-circuit fault
To extract fault message, it is not necessarily to additional firmware circuit.Voltage diagnostic method passes through some voltage signals in detection circuit, such as bridge arm
Mid-point voltage realizes diagnosis according to the error before and after failure, and Diagnostic Time is short, independently of load and control strategy, has higher
Reliability, but need using voltage sensor or other hardware circuit detectable voltage signals, system cost and complexity improve,
Practical application value is not high.
In switching tube open-circuit fault, failure phase current on line side lacks three-phase bridge type converter completely in half of grid cycle
It loses, and for Three-Phase PWM Rectifier, under same switching tube open-circuit fault, due to the presence of freewheeling diode, rectifier electricity
Stream will not be blocked completely, so that rectifier is different with the current failure phenomenon of inverter.Therefore, current phasor track slope
The diagnostic methods based on electric current PARK vector such as method, current phasor instantaneous frequency method, average current PARK vector method are not suitable for
Three-Phase PWM Rectifier." simple current method " is not zero according to phase current average value after switching tube open-circuit fault realizes fault diagnosis,
Changing since three-phase current size changes with load, this method is difficult to choose suitable relatively threshold value in full power range,
And it may cause spurious alarm in load sudden change.In order to eliminate load dependence, " normalization direct current method " is discrete using phase current
Three-phase current is normalized in the fundamental factor of Fourier transformation, and this method is computationally intensive." mark changes averaging method " is using electricity
Three-phase current is normalized in stream PARK Vector Mode length, simplifies algorithm；By detection DC side midpoint with exchange between the midpoint of side
Voltage diagnostic eliminates influence of the load sudden change to diagnosis, but needs to increase a voltage sensor.In addition, the above method is equal
It only considered single switching transistor open circuit failure mode, when multitube failure occurs, in fact it could happen that failure pipe positioning mistake can not
Detection is out of order.Consider from reliability perspectives, it is not comprehensive enough only to study single tube open-circuit fault, it is necessary to open a way simultaneously to multitube
Fault mode is studied.There is scheme to propose to carry out fault detection using current phase angle derivative, load sudden change is realized well
Anti- false alarm ability, using normalized phase current average absolute value error carry out fault location, be able to achieve multitube failure
Detection, but detect and realized in two steps with positioning, algorithm is complicated.
In conclusion the three-phase bridge PWM rectifier switching tube open-circuit fault diagnostic method that existing literature and patent provide,
From realize the diagnosis of multitube open-circuit fault, reduce hardware cost, realize algorithm it is simple, to various aspects such as the high robusts of system transients
There are many more insufficient for assessment.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to be directed to the deficiency of above-mentioned background technique, propose a kind of for three-phase bridge
The switching tube open-circuit fault diagnostic method of PWM rectifier.
The present invention adopts the following technical scheme that for achieving the above object
Three-phase bridge PWM rectifier switching tube open-circuit fault diagnostic method based on current phase angle, includes the following steps:
Step 1. acquires three-phase power grid voltage ea、eb、ec, grid voltage phase-angle θ is obtained through phaselocked loopv。
Step 2. acquires three-phase current on line side ia、ib、ic, current on line side phase angle theta is obtained through coordinate transformi, calculating current phase
Angle variation delta θi。
Step 3. is by current phase angle variation delta θiCompared with the threshold value Th of setting, switching tube open-circuit fault is judged whether there is
Occur.As Δ θi> Th, fault-free；As Δ θi< Th, faulty, execution step 4.
The switching tube of open-circuit fault occurs according to 1 Primary Location of table for step 4..First, it is determined that θ at this timevIt is right in table 1
The region answered；Secondly, the θ of judgement at this timeiWhether it is consistent with the theoretical value in table 1.
Table 1
| Switching tube | θvRegion | θiValue |
| S1 | [pi/2,5 π/6] | π/2 |
| S2 | [- pi/2 ,-π/6] | -π/2 |
| S3 | [- 5 π/6 ,-pi/2] | -5π/6 |
| S4 | [π/6, pi/2] | π/6 |
| S5 | [- π/6, π/6] | -π/6 |
| S6 | [- π, -5 π/6], [5 π/6, π] | 5π/6 |
Step 5. failure pipe SXAfter positioning successfully, corresponding failure counter count [X] ++.When count [X] is added to
Event counter value N is set, determines fault diagnosis success, SXFor failure pipe.Reset counter.
In the three-phase bridge PWM rectifier switching tube open-circuit fault diagnostic method, step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 2-1. is CLARK to three-phase current on line side and converts to obtain component i under two-phase stationary coordinate systemα、iβ。
Step 2-2. calculates current on line side phase angle thetai。
The double sampling period is counted counted θ by step 2-3.iSubtract each other, obtains current phase angle variation delta θi。
The present invention by adopting the above technical scheme, can realize single switch tube open circuit or more to three-phase bridge PWM rectifier
The fault diagnosis of a switching tube while open-circuit fault, and it is pin-pointed to specific breakdown switch pipe.The program is compiled based on DSP
Journey, algorithm are simply easily realized, without increasing additional hardware cost.Since current phase angle is not influenced by payload size, compare threshold
It is high to be worth versatility, when load sudden change not will cause wrong diagnosis, and robustness is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is three-phase bridge PWM rectifier main circuit topology schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is three-phase bridge PWM rectifier of the present invention and its method for diagnosing faults control block diagram
Fig. 3 is three-phase bridge PWM rectifier A phase bridge arm schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is three-phase bridge PWM rectifier S of the present invention1Related work waveform diagram under open-circuit fault；
Fig. 5 is the algorithm flow chart of method for diagnosing faults of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the simulation result of method for diagnosing faults of the present invention.
Figure label explanation: S1~S6For the first to the 6th switching tube, D1~D6For the first to the 6th freewheeling diode, L is
Three-phase filter inductance, CfFor DC side filter capacitor, RLFor DC load.id、id *It gives and feeds back for watt current, iqAnd iq *
It gives and feeds back for reactive current, ed、eqFor network voltage d axis and q axis component.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution of invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is three-phase bridge PWM rectifier main circuit topology schematic diagram of the present invention.First to the 6th switching tube S1~
S6For a, b, c three-phase bridge arm power tube, D1~D6For the first to the 6th freewheeling diode, L is three-phase filter inductance, CfFor direct current
Side filter capacitor, RLFor DC load, ea、eb、ecFor three-phase power grid voltage, ia、ib、icFor three-phase current on line side, reference direction
Such as figure, UdcFor DC side output voltage, O is exchange side midpoint, and N is DC side cathode.
Fig. 2 is the control block diagram of three-phase bridge PWM rectifier system of the present invention and its method for diagnosing faults.It is based on
System include connect power grid between direct current lateral load Three-Phase PWM Rectifier topology unit and with rectifier topology unit phase
The control unit of connection.Wherein, rectifier control unit includes the Voltage loop for realizing DC side output pressure stabilizing, current on line side control
Electric current loop and the SVPWM unit that is connect with electric current loop.
Fig. 3 is three-phase bridge PWM rectifier A phase bridge arm schematic diagram of the present invention.When rectifier works normally, input electricity
Press ugaWhen for positive half cycle, A phase current on line side ia> 0, iaOnly two paths, as shown in Fig. 3 (a).Switching tube S2Conducting, S1It closes
When disconnected, iaPass through S2Give filter inductance L energy storage；S2Shutdown, S1When conducting, iaPass through diode D1Afterflow, S1And D2It is not involved in work
Make.Input voltage ugaWhen for negative half period, there is ia< 0, electric current iaTwo paths such as Fig. 3 (b) shown in, S1When conducting, iaPass through S1
Give filter inductance L energy storage；S1When shutdown, iaPass through diode D2Afterflow, S2And D1It is not involved in work.
Fig. 4 is three-phase bridge PWM rectifier S of the present invention1Related work waveform under open-circuit fault.iaElectric current when < 0
Distortion is obvious, only has electric current in specific region；DC side output voltage generates apparent pulsation, and ripple frequency is input power grid frequency
Rate f.Define taMoment iaZero, t is reduced to by positive valuebMoment iaBegin with negative current, tcMoment iaZero, t is increased to by negative valued
Moment iaBegin with forward current, i.e. ia=0 region are as follows: 1 [t of regiona, tb], 2 [t of regionc, td]。
Under normal condition, the voltage equation of three-phase bridge PWM rectifier is
Rectifier works in unity power factor state, therefore, has e in [- pi/2, pi/2]a> 0, ia> 0.Switching tube S2
When conducting, input power passes through S2Give filter inductance energy storage；S2When shutdown, iaPass through diode D1Afterflow.S1It is not involved in work, because
This S1Open-circuit fault does not influence iaPositive half cycle current.[pi/2,3 pi/2s] region, due to S1Open-circuit fault, negative current can only pass through
Diode D2Circulation.Ideally, ignore the pressure drop on inductance, D2Conducting will meet the following conditions: uAN< uBN、uAN< uCN。
It can be obtained by formula (1), in [pi/2,2 π/3] region, due to ea> ec, then uAN> uCN, D2It can not be connected, iaIt is approximately 0；Similarly,
In [4 π/3,3 pi/2s] region, due to ea> eb, then uAN> uBN, D2It can not be connected, iaIt is approximately 0；In [2 π/3,4 π/3] area
Domain meets ea< ebAnd ea< ec, D2It can be connected, iaThere is negative current.
Therefore, switching tube open-circuit fault causes the current on line side of failure phase to be almost equal to zero in some regions.Switching tube S2~S6
When open-circuit fault, also there is similar analysis, table 1 corresponds to the region that faulted phase current is zero when providing either switch tube open circuit failure.
Table 1
| Switching tube | Region 1 | Region 2 |
| S1 | [pi/2,2 π/3] | [- 2 π/3 ,-pi/2] |
| S2 | [- pi/2 ,-π/3] | [π/3, pi/2] |
| S3 | [- 5 π/6, -2 π/3] | [0, π/6] |
| S4 | [π/6, π/3] | [- π, -5 π/6] |
| S5 | [- π/6,0] | [2 π/3,5 π/6] |
| S6 | [5 π/6, π] | [- π/3 ,-π/6] |
Using current phasor phase angle thetaiAs fault diagnosis variable, the fault message that can include by three-phase current is concentrated on
One variable；Meanwhile current phase angle θiIt is not influenced by payload size.
Using the three-phase current on line side i of current sensor real-time sampling Three-Phase PWM Rectifiera、ib、ic, according to coordinate transform
Principle, three-phase current can indicate under α β two-phase stationary coordinate system are as follows:
Current phasor phase angle thetaiAre as follows:
When Three-Phase PWM Rectifier normal table is run, current phasor amplitude is certain, is rotated with mains frequency, phase angle thetaiFrom-
π to π variation.Therefore, in a switch periods, the variation delta θ of current phase angleiFor definite value
When switching tube open-circuit fault, failure phase current on line side is approximately zero performance on current phase angle figure in specific region
Are as follows: current phase angle θiIt is constant in some regions, Δ θi=0.Ideally any one switching tube open-circuit fault is obtained according to table 1
When current phase angle there are two Δ θi=0 region: region 1, region 2, and the corresponding region of each switching tube is different.
Consider system parameter to current on line side distortion situation influence and multitube simultaneously open-circuit fault when three-phase current meeting
It influences each other, filter inductance L is smaller, output voltage UdcLower, mains frequency f higher or when multitube simultaneous faults, it may appear that
Region 2, which reduces, to be even not present, and region 1 moves to left or moves to right, and is overlapped with the detection zone 2 of other switching tubes.Therefore, using region
1,2 positioning failure pipe accuracys are very low.
Comprehensively consider, chooses region shown in table 2 as detection Δ θi=0 region, and combine θiThe judgement of value, it is final true
Determine failure.Detection zone in table 2 includes the region 1 in table 1, and extends the region π/6, detection when preventing region 1 from moving to right to the right
Less than such as S1、S4When opening a way simultaneously；In conjunction with θiValue carries out dual judgement, prevents from causing Δ θ by other pipe failuresiOccur when=0
Position mistake.The corresponding detection zone of each switching tube is mutually indepedent, and θiValue is different, and therefore, the diagnostic method is same in multitube
When open-circuit fault under be applicable in.
Table 2
| Switching tube | θvRegion | θiValue |
| S1 | [pi/2,5 π/6] | π/2 |
| S2 | [- pi/2 ,-π/6] | -π/2 |
| S3 | [- 5 π/6 ,-pi/2] | -5π/6 |
| S4 | [π/6, pi/2] | π/6 |
| S5 | [- π/6, π/6] | -π/6 |
| S6 | [- π, -5 π/6], [5 π/6, π] | 5π/6 |
Fig. 5 is the algorithm flow chart of method for diagnosing faults of the present invention.Real-time calculating current phase angle change amount Δ θi, when
ΔθiWhen lower than threshold value Th, shows to detect failure, start positioning failure.Voltage phase angle θ at this time is obtained from phaselocked loopv, pass through
Judge θvValue in table 2 corresponding detection zone and θiWhether it is consistent with the theoretical value in table 2, primarily determines failure pipe.
If the corresponding counter of failure pipe is added to event counter value N, failure is determined.After detecting failure, all counters
It resets.Using event counter value N, wrong diagnosis caused by the incidents such as sampling deviation, system noise can be eliminated.
Ideally, the corresponding detection zone of each switching tube failure accounts for 1/12 primitive period, therefore, Diagnostic Time
For
Diagnostic Time and sample frequency fs, event counter value N it is related.N value is bigger, and detection time is longer, but anti-dry
Immunity can be higher, and wrong diagnosis rate is lower, therefore the consideration that need to trade off.
It is as follows to compare threshold value Th calculation method
Th=K Δ θi (6)
In formula, K is coefficient of comparisons, and value range is that 0~1, K value is higher, and the probability of diagnosis to failure improves, but is diagnosed quasi-
True property reduces, and rule of thumb takes K=0.3.According to formula (4), (6), compare setting and the sample frequency f of threshold value Ths, power grid frequency
Rate f is related, is not influenced by payload size, and therefore, the value of Th is applicable in full power range, adjusts without dynamic.
Fig. 6 is that rectifier switch tube open circuit method for diagnosing faults of the present invention is applied to S2Single tube open-circuit fault and S1、S5
Simultaneously when open-circuit fault, three-phase current on line side, voltage phase angle θv, current phase angle θiSimulation waveform.Fig. 6 (a) is switching tube S2It opens
Road failure, after failure occurs, electric current iaPositive half cycle occur be approximately 0 region, correspond on phase angle figure as [- pi/2 ,-π/6] area
Domain Δ θi≈0、θi≈-pi/2 is marked in figure with shade, is consistent with table 2.Fig. 6 (b) is switching tube S1、S5Open-circuit fault simultaneously, therefore
After barrier occurs, electric current ia、icNegative half period occur be approximately 0 region, correspond on phase angle figure as [pi/2,5 π/6] region Δ θi≈
0、θi≈ pi/2, [- π/6, π/6] region Δ θi≈0、θi- π/6 ≈ are marked in figure with shade, are consistent with table 2.Therefore, above-mentioned to examine
Disconnected method can open a way to single tube and the multitube fault diagnosis of open-circuit fault realization simultaneously.
In summary: the present invention by adopting the above technical scheme, can realize single switching transistor to three-phase bridge PWM rectifier
The fault diagnosis of open circuit or multiple switch pipe while open-circuit fault, and it is pin-pointed to specific breakdown switch pipe.Program base
In dsp program, algorithm is simply easily realized, without increasing additional hardware cost.Since current phase angle is not influenced by payload size,
It is high to compare threshold value versatility, when load sudden change not will cause wrong diagnosis, and robustness is high.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of three-phase bridge PWM rectifier switching tube open-circuit fault diagnostic method based on current phase angle, which is characterized in that should
Method includes the following steps:
Step 1. acquires three-phase power grid voltage ea、eb、ec, grid voltage phase-angle θ is obtained through phaselocked loopv；
Step 2. acquires three-phase current on line side ia、ib、ic, current on line side phase angle theta is obtained through coordinate transformi, with the phase in two periods
Angular difference value, calculating current phase angle change amount Δ θi；
Step 3. is by current phase angle variation delta θiCompared with the threshold value Th of setting, the generation of switching tube open-circuit fault is judged whether there is,
As Δ θi> Th, fault-free；As Δ θi< Th, faulty, execution step 4；
The switching tube of open-circuit fault occurs according to 1 Primary Location of table for step 4., first, it is determined that θ at this timevThe corresponding area in table 1
Domain；Secondly, the θ of judgement at this timeiWhether it is consistent with the theoretical value in table 1；
Table 1
Step 5. failure pipe SXAfter positioning successfully, corresponding failure counter count [X] ++, when count [X] is added to setting thing
Part count value N determines fault diagnosis success, SXFor failure pipe, counter is reset.
2. three-phase bridge PWM rectifier switching tube open-circuit fault diagnostic method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 2-1. is CLARK to three-phase current on line side and converts to obtain component i under two-phase stationary coordinate systemα、iβ；
Step 2-2. calculates current on line side phase angle thetai；
The double sampling period is counted counted θ by step 2-3.iSubtract each other, obtains current phase angle variation delta θi。
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