CN105143597A - 多级井的隔离和压裂 - Google Patents
多级井的隔离和压裂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
第一方面，一种压裂阀工具，所述工具包括一个或者多个端口，套筒，在套筒阻止液体流过所述一个或多个端口的关闭位置和套筒允许液体流过所述一个或多个端口的打开位置之间可移动；及圆珠承座可移除连接至套筒；其中在圆珠承座上接收圆珠使所述座和所述套筒从关闭位置移动至打开位置。第二方面，指出了一种压裂阀工具，所述工具包括圆珠承座，在所述工具内可移动地接收，所述座包括用于容纳圆珠的座轮廓；其中所述座轮廓与所述圆珠的半径相匹配以不变形抓握所述圆珠。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于多级、水平井的隔离和压裂的设备。
发明背景
在石油和天然气井的生产中的一个重要挑战是取出锁定在岩层不容易流动的烃，在这种情况下，岩层的处理或刺激有必要压裂岩层并为烃通到井孔提供通道，从那里可以将它们带到地面并生产。
通过水平钻井孔对岩层压裂通常是指通过套管或钻井孔的裸眼部分泵送刺激液到岩层以压裂岩层并从中生产烃。
在许多情况下，多部分岩层希望同时或阶段性压裂。用于多级压裂岩层管柱通常包括由一个或者多个封隔器分隔的一个或者多个压裂工具。
在某些情况下，压裂系统部署在套管钻井孔中，在这种情况下，在系统内的注水泥部分设置穿孔允许刺激液通过压裂工具及多孔水泥套管刺激远处的岩层。另外一种情况，以无套管、裸眼的方式进行压裂。
在多级压裂的情况下，多压裂阀工具按连续顺序用于压裂岩层部分，通常开始于钻井孔的趾端并逐渐移向钻井孔的跟部端。至关重要的是，压裂阀以所希望的顺序被触发并不早于所期望的打开。同样重要的是，压裂阀一旦打开直到希望将其关闭时才关闭。
在本领域中已经形成很多配置来压裂多级岩层，例如，已知的压裂工具，其中圆珠被泵送至工具内并放置在座上以阻止液体流过中心孔，从而形成液体压力并迫使液体流过设置在衬套周围的多级喷嘴。
其它已知使用的压裂阀工具是连续油管，其中，圆珠落下阻止流到衬套下并通过在压裂套筒中的加压点火头为流动重定向。一些向下钻进工具指出包括具有圆珠座和圆珠封隔器，其中液体可以重定向至压裂工具上的压裂端口，其它的指出使用不同大小的圆珠来控制向下钻进峰值压力。
在多级压裂岩层中仍然需要构造简单，尺寸小，效率高的压裂阀工具。
发明概要
第一方面，一种压裂阀工具，所述工具包括一个或者多个端口，套筒，在套筒阻止液体流过所述一个或多个端口的关闭位置和套筒允许液体流过所述一个或多个端口的打开位置之间可移动；及圆珠承座可移除连接至套筒；其中在圆珠承座上接收圆珠使所述座和所述套筒从关闭位置移动至打开位置。
第二方面，指出了一种压裂阀工具，所述工具包括圆珠承座，在所述工具内可移动地接收，所述座包括用于容纳圆珠的座轮廓；其中所述座轮廓与所述圆珠的半径相匹配以不变形抓握所述圆珠。
附图简述
图1一种符合本发明工具的水平井示意图；
图2是本发明的压裂阀在关闭位置时的一个实施例的剖视图；
图3是本发明的压裂阀在打开位置时的一个实施例的剖视图；
图4是本发明的压裂阀在打开位置座被钻穿时的一个实施例的剖视图；
图5是本发明的压裂阀在关闭位置座被钻穿时的一个实施例的剖视图；
图6是用于本发明压裂阀的质量控制检验夹具的剖视图；
具体实施方式
通过在钻井孔水平部分多级压裂中增加安装过程的安全性，降低钻井时间和更大的可靠性，提供了一种压裂阀工具来改善现有圆珠降落、多级、水平压裂工具。
结合细长外直径和短长度，本压裂阀工具省去了处理短节的需要，从而减少了衬套的刚性。这些特征允许更大的自由度，减小外部直径的工具管柱，以使更容易部署在钻井孔中。
本压裂阀工具可以通过手动抬高和手动拧至衬套上，其通常被抓握在钻台上，然后上衬套部分，通常被抓握在升降机上或者相似的设备上，可降低到压裂阀工具上及压裂阀工具的一个片体允许通过压裂阀工具从上衬套部分施加扭矩，并进入衬套以组成衬套管柱。
本压裂阀工具可以沿衬套布置相关的工具并可以在钻井孔裸眼部分里布置。本压裂阀工具提供一种刺激岩层的一部分来促使压裂岩层和岩层液体流动的手段。压裂阀工具400的短长度省去了任一端短节的需求。小外直径和短长度增加了衬套的自由度，进一步有助于在钻井孔内部布置。在一个优选的实施例中，本压裂阀工具400省去了工具顶端和心轴之间的典型螺纹连接，相反，箱形端连接和心轴是一体的及使用安装工具将压裂阀工具400插入心轴内部。使用特殊安装工具可省去螺纹连接从而缩短压裂阀工具的长度。
参考图1，在部置方法的一个优选实施例中，本压裂阀工具可以部署在管柱上，在衬套的趾端还包括浮鞋或者导向器50、在离导向鞋50预定距离内的激活工具100，第一级压裂阀工具200，然后一个系列包括裸眼封隔器300，交替本压裂阀工具400，至最终套管裸眼封隔器500。对于本领域技术人员可以理解的是图1仅仅是代表了工具管状压裂管柱的一个例子，在不脱离本发明范围的情况下可以增加、省去和替代来解释柱及其组件。
本压裂阀400位于衬套内两个裸眼封隔器300之间，并如图2、3、4、5和6中所示。压裂阀400包括心轴420，优选全通径并具有与衬套内直径匹配的内直径。一个或者多个端口410，形成于心轴的周围，所述端口410提供了衬套内侧和裸眼钻井孔之间的液体连通。心轴420包括其内部通过一个或者多个剪切螺钉连接到心轴上的套筒408。在关闭位置上，套筒408通过一个或者多个端口410堵住液体通道。在套筒408的内部有一个座404，可以容纳从钻台布置在衬套内并通过液体压力泵送到座404上的圆珠402。
本压裂阀400优选由于通过横跨端口的O形圈密封而压力平衡，这样，直到圆珠402落在座404上，套筒408才转移到打开位置，在圆珠402被泵送至座404上时，衬套压力产生一个剪切剪切螺钉406的力允许座404和套筒408转移，通过一个或者多个端口410打开连通。
本压裂阀400的座404最好是表面硬化防止通过它们泵送支撑剂引起的侵蚀。座404由能够承受圆珠402降落和坐在高压差下产生的应力同时为圆珠402提供充足支撑的材料和几何形状制造。尽管本领域技术人员已知并包括在本发明的范围内有其它适合的材料，但是对于本座404最适合材料可能是铸铁，包括40级的铸铁或50级的铸铁。座最好用液氮处理以达到HRC50到HRC55等级的罗氏硬度。
本座优选包括座轮廓416，容纳并在座上部分抓握圆珠402确保直到希望就位时圆珠402才会经意的就位。座半径416优选设计成允许圆珠402的抓握不会剪切圆珠402或者引起塑料变形。压裂完成后，本座轮廓只需要较低的泵外压力就使圆珠402通过岩层压力离开座404升起。这是由于座轮廓416可更好的与相对应的圆珠402半径相匹配以防止圆珠402变形并楔入座404.
座轮廓416的几何形状与相匹配圆珠402之间的关系可以优选设计成允许为了多个衬套应用的各种圆珠402和座404大小之间的比例。座轮廓416和圆珠402的匹配几何形状允许本设计的座404适于多数圆珠和座大小的使用，从而降低了需要制造座404的大小的增量，在优选的一个实施例中，座轮廓416的几何形状和大小可以相对于使用圆珠402的大小调整，这降低了在圆珠402中产生的潜在的环形应力，并确保合适的坐住和低泵外压力之间最佳的关系。
用于本发明的圆珠402可以是已知的和用在本发明领域中发现的下降工具的任一圆珠。更优选地，圆珠402是由具有强度，抗刺激性液体和钻井孔液体的耐蚀性及一定程度的灵活性的非弹性材料构成。这样的材料可以包括但不限于酚醛树脂，复合材料或铝。
座404优选用最少的材料制造以允许座404被钻穿后使用，从而最大限度减少钻出次数。特别地，座材料被设计成易碎并在钻穿时易碎成细屑，从而降低大钻穿碎片阻塞衬套的机会。
参考图4，在压裂完成后钻穿本压裂阀400的座404。座404的几何形状和用于固定至套筒408上的方法保证座404将钻穿成微粒，消除大的碎片钻穿后降落到另外一个座404上的可能性。这样的碎片增加了随后的座404被钻穿所需要的时间，及倾向转动并对相邻的座404摩擦。
优选在压裂阀400的内部设置一个或多个反旋转片414有助于座通过控制座404的静止钻穿。更优选地座404以钻穿座404促使螺纹拧紧的方向拧进套筒408内，从而另外用于将座404控制在套筒408内的位置。在座404和套筒408上的螺钉418最好优选当座404钻穿时倾向加紧的左手螺纹。这些螺钉418也允许任一压裂阀工具400的座404当需要时被改变，例如，在座404中应该检验破坏，或者为一个或者多个压裂阀工具400的不同圆珠的座的大小应该在位置上调节。
在另一个优选实施例中，质量控制检验夹具700，如图6中所描述被用来检验每个压裂阀400的5维的特征，以保证每个阀在衬套中的正确位置。质量控制夹具700检验通过座404钻孔的大小，和圆珠402降落位置的孔。可以检验两个孔的同心度以确保无论圆珠402什么时候降落在座404上的正确密封。质量检验夹具700检验座轮廓416的几何形状及从座到压裂阀顶部的距离，来确保压裂阀工具400的正确安装。质量控制检验夹具优选连接到座安装工具上(未显示)有助于确保座404正确被安装到压裂阀工具400中。
在一些情况下，压裂阀座404可以被钻穿至美国石油学会(API)对套管每份重量指定的衬套漂移直径的漂移内直径。给定漂移直径和给定的长度通过API指定的目的是必须适合通过管的内直径。
尽管通常岩层每个隔离部分设置一个压裂阀400，但是也可以在任何给定的隔离部分放置多个压裂阀400，在一个优选实施例中，压裂阀400可被设置成具有可关闭的特点。可关闭压裂阀400可以通过多种方式关闭。一个实施例允许压裂阀在座被钻穿之前400关闭，在这种情况下，在管上设置转换工具用来关闭压裂阀400。第二个实施例，如图5所示，允许座404在被钻穿之后关闭。多个压裂阀400或者单一压裂阀400可以用转化工具412的第二种类型从打开位置转化到关闭位置。
通过所有压阀400压裂端口410的总流动面积优选比通过衬套的流动面积大。
有时在压裂操作过程中发生落沙，当无更多沙子可以被泵送到岩层及沙子保持独立衬套阻止能够泵送到井下部的下一个圆珠。在这种情况下，打开工具(未示出)可以通过管来运行及降落到座404上，在这种情况下，在衬套内壁和管的外径之间的在环形面积上施加压力用来泵送压裂阀400到打开位置。
在本压裂阀工具400操作的一个实施例中，一个衬套可以与一个浮鞋50、一个激活工具100、一个衬套、第一级压裂阀工具200，然后一个系列包括一个衬套、一个裸眼封隔器300、一个衬套和本压裂阀工具400组装。优选地，打裸眼锚可以用于激活工具100和第一级压裂阀工具200之间来将衬套锚定至井孔。替换裸眼锚定中心，本领域技术人员是已知地稳定装置或者其它适合方式也可以被用作此用途。
优选例如至多40个的压裂阀400，在41/2″衬套上，用来隔离的裸眼300封隔器可以在一个管柱上使用。在操作中，压裂阀工具400的座404随他们接收到的圆珠402的大小连续增加；最小的座404用于钻井孔关闭趾端及最大座404设置在后端。套管钻孔封隔器500连接到衬套的上端。存锁器密封组件或其他已知的方法可用于将套管钻孔封隔器500连接至工作柱。
衬套通过工作管柱或者压裂阀柱在处理过的钻孔中运行。激活工具100在预定深度被激活来停止液体流动。衬套内的压力现在从套管钻孔封隔器500和裸眼封隔器300开始设置的触动压力增加，至套管钻孔封隔器500和裸眼封隔器300完成设置最终的送走压力。压力测试可以优先在套管内部实施以确定套管封隔器500设置是否恰当。如果衬套在管柱上运行，存锁器密封组件或者其它的连接方式可以从套管封隔器500和工作管柱中移除及套管封隔器500和存锁器密封组件被从井中和压裂阀管柱中移除及可以配置存锁器密封组件。否则，如果衬套在压裂阀柱上的向下钻进中运行，没有替代的方式可以进行。
压力还施加到压裂管柱，在预先设定的打开压力比送走压力高时，第一级的压裂阀工具200转移至打开位置并激发液体泵入岩层并引起压裂。然后支撑剂泵入压裂物。随后，第一圆珠402泵入与最接近井孔的趾端压裂阀工具400的座的大小相对应的衬套。通过这个过程压裂阀工具400被激活从而打开端口410以允许衬套内部和两个横跨特定压裂阀400的裸眼隔离器300之间的岩层隔离部分之间连通。随后的压裂阀工具400通过将随后圆珠402以连续大小顺序泵入衬套被相似地激活。
通过压裂阀400端口泵送的刺激液压裂用来分级的裸眼封隔器300之间的暴露岩层。每当这个级别被压裂，下一压裂阀400被激活和此过程被重复。例如，此过程在41/2”在衬套上可以总共重复40次，其它尺寸的衬套具有不同数量的压裂阀工具400和裸眼封隔器300。当所有预想的级别都被压裂，井被允许流动及来自岩层液体流动的岩层压力通过泵送圆珠402使其从座404上脱离作用停用压裂阀400，及允许岩层液体流入衬套。随后压裂阀管柱和连接方式可以从井中移除。
如果需要，压裂阀400的座可以稍后钻出。
在前述的说明书中，本发明已经描述了具体的实施方案；然而，明显的是，不脱离本发明的更宽的精神和范围可以对其进行各种修改和变化。
Claims (22)
1.一种压裂阀工具，所述工具包括：
a.一个或多个端口；
b.套筒，在套筒阻止液体流过所述一个或多个端口的关闭位置和套筒允许液体流过所述一个或多个端口的打开位置之间可移动；及
c.圆珠承座可移除连接至套筒；
其中在圆珠承座上接收圆珠使所述座和所述套筒从关闭位置移动至打开位置。
2.一种压裂阀工具，所述工具包括：圆珠承座，在所述工具内可移动地接收，所述座包括用于容纳圆珠的座轮廓；其中所述座轮廓与所述圆珠的半径相匹配以不变形抓握所述圆珠。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中所述座还包括座轮廓以容纳和抓握圆珠。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中所述座轮廓具有不变形抓握圆珠的几何形状。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中可移除座是可变的，以在工具中容纳多个尺寸座和圆珠。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种压裂阀工具，还包括一个或多个剪切螺钉，将套筒固定至工具，当圆珠降落到座上时，所述剪切螺钉是以在工具内积累的预定衬套压力剪切的，其中一个或者多个剪切螺钉的剪切允许座和套筒移动至打开位置。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种压裂阀工具，还包括一个心轴，在其内套筒经由剪切螺钉和通过一个或多个端口形成的圆周可移除固定。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中通过所有的一个或多个端口的总流动面积大于经过衬套的流动面积。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中座是一个可钻孔座。
10.根据权利要求9所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中，所述可钻孔座是由易碎材料制成的，在上面钻孔时碎成细屑。
11.根据权利要求10所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中座是由铸铁构成。
12.根据权利要求11所述的一种压裂阀工具，座表面硬化。
13.根据权利要求12所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中座具有HRC50到HRC55的罗氏硬度等级。
14.根据权利要求1所述的一种压裂阀工具，还包括可关闭功能。
15.根据权利要求14所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中压裂阀工具在座被钻穿之前是可关闭的。
16.根据权利要求14所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中压裂阀工具在座被钻穿之后是可关闭的。
17.根据权利要求1所述的一种压裂阀工具，还包括在压裂阀工具内的一个或多个防反旋转片以稳定座。
18.根据权利要求17所述的一种压裂阀工具，座以一个方向螺纹固定至套筒内，用来在钻穿过程中加紧对抗旋转。
19.根据权利要求18所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中座左手拧入套筒并当座被钻穿时趋于加紧。
20.根据权利要求1所述的一种压裂阀工具，还包括质量控制检验夹具来检验压裂阀工具维度的一个或多个特征。
21.根据权利要求20所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中，所述质量控制检验夹具通过座、座轮廓的钻孔、通过座和座轮廓的钻孔的同心度、座轮廓的几何形状及从座到压裂阀工具顶部表面的距离检验钻孔大小。
22.根据权利要求21所述的一种压裂阀工具，其中所述质量控制检验夹具固定至座的安装工具以在压裂阀工具内安装预定座。
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- 2013-12-20 WO PCT/CA2013/001074 patent/WO2014094137A1/en active Application Filing
- 2013-12-20 CN CN201380066289.0A patent/CN104968888A/zh active Pending
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| AU2013362803B2 (en) | 2016-07-28 |
| AU2013362804A1 (en) | 2015-07-09 |
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| US20150285025A1 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
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| US20180252074A1 (en) | 2018-09-06 |
| RU2597231C1 (ru) | 2016-09-10 |
| CA2838094A1 (en) | 2014-03-13 |
| CA2873198A1 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
| RU2015123022A (ru) | 2017-01-27 |
| CN104428487A (zh) | 2015-03-18 |
| CA2838092A1 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
| US10584562B2 (en) | 2020-03-10 |
| CN104968888A (zh) | 2015-10-07 |
| WO2014094136A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
| RU2015123020A (ru) | 2017-01-27 |
| CA2903648A1 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
| CA2874913A1 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
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