CN105140892A - Line protection method for power transmission line - Google Patents
Line protection method for power transmission line Download PDFInfo
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- CN105140892A CN105140892A CN201510429946.4A CN201510429946A CN105140892A CN 105140892 A CN105140892 A CN 105140892A CN 201510429946 A CN201510429946 A CN 201510429946A CN 105140892 A CN105140892 A CN 105140892A
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Abstract
The invention provides a power transmission line protection method. Protection of various faults of a power transmission line can be realized via an over-current module, a distance protection module, a zero-sequence current protection module, an oscillation locking module, an automatic reclosing module, a tripping module, a pilot protection module, a high frequency protection module, a circuit breaker failure protection module, a break variable starting module, an overload protection module and a differential protection module so that normal operation of the line can be guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of a kind of power supply and distribution of electric power protection, specifically, is a kind of line protection method of transmission line.
Background technology
Along with electric power system capacity increases sharply, transmission line is increasing.Transmission line often one end in connection with a high-power station, and the other end in connection with a load center: or two ends respectively in connection with a large power system.Because circuit is long, transmission power is large, so the safe and stable operation maintaining transmission line is a very important problem.For guaranteeing extra high voltage network safe and stable operation, the fault requiring transmission line main protection reliably can excise circuit fast to occur first, the operate time of line protection must not be greater than 1-2 cycle.The mistrip of the tripping protected when the system failure or non-faulting equipment is by excision 2 the even circuit of more than 2, and cause large-area power failure, even cause system break-down, consequence is extremely serious.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art; the present invention proposes a kind of line protection method of transmission line, and the content of described route protection comprises: overcurrent protection, distance protection, zero-sequence current protection, electrical network oscillation test/locking, automatic reclosing, trip protection, Unit protection, sudden change protection.According to the corresponding general module of protection curriculum offering, namely overcurrent module, distance protection module, zero-sequence current protection module, out-of-step blocking module, automatic reclosing module, tripping operation module, Unit protection module, carrier current protection module, breaker fail protection module, Sudden Changing Rate start module, overload protection module and differential protection module.
The Sudden Changing Rate of electric current starts the unlatching element of module as many protections such as distance protection, zero-sequenceprotection, and this module is run when each sampled point arrives, and gets 3 current sample instantaneous value data, calculating current Sudden Changing Rate.When jump-value of current being detected, this result is informed the protection or functional module that need Sudden Changing Rate to start by this module, as distance protection module group, zero-sequenceprotection module group etc.These protection modules will not work when system is normally run, until Sudden Changing Rate enabling signal arrives.
When jump-value of current Δ i is greater than Sudden Changing Rate setting value, Sudden Changing Rate starts.Wherein:
Δi＝||i-i
T|-|i
T-i
2T||
In formula, i
tfor the sampled value before current time one cycle, i
2Tit is the sampled value before two cycles.
Sudden Changing Rate start module be general module, open external interface is provided, input different data volumes then this module be provided for the Sudden Changing Rate log-on message of different defencive function.Arrange the magnitude of current of input and information of adjusting as required, Sudden Changing Rate module exports result of determination after carrying out generally starting judgement.
Distance protection is distance between reaction fault point to protection infield or impedance, and according to the distance of distance, i.e. the size of impedance and determine the one protection of operate time.Distance protection mainly matches with out-of-step blocking, reclosing etc., and protection exit is that three-phase is jumped entirely.When vibration occurs system, can correctly distinguish the system failure and vibration in time, ensure not tripping and not malfunction.
Distance protection module comprises fault phase phase selection module, discriminating direction module, quadrangle protection module and reclosing accelerating module.
After Sudden Changing Rate starts, fault phase phase selection module carries out separate with failure judgement of phase selection, carries out phase selection, namely by comparing three three-phase current Δ I according to jump-value of current
aB, Δ I
bC, Δ I
aCsize, carry out failure judgement separate.
Discriminating direction module is mainly used in judging that the short circuit nidus of exit short circuit is positioned at the forward of protective device still oppositely.With the voltage of fault generation the last fortnight ripple, compared with carrying out with the electric current after fault, come failure judgement direction.The result of discriminating direction is informed quadrangle protection module.Quadrangle protection module arranges quadrangle protection zone scope according to impedance operator, and when the fault phase impedance measured is in quadrilateral area, and meet discriminating direction when being in positive direction, protection starts simultaneously.
If auto recloser action, circuit reruns, if now again broken down, post reclosing acceleration module will take acceleration protection, after choosing a kind of acceleration strategy preset, without time delay or action after short time time delay.Post reclosing acceleration module receives the successful information of reclosing, and the log-on message of quadrangle protection module, and whether line impedance value has entered fault impedance interval, if any section quadrangle protection module starts, then and fast trip.
When there is vibration when system in out-of-step blocking module, the cyclic variation of electric current and voltage amount, will occur that impedance enters the situation of distance protection scope, and protection impact of adjusting the distance is comparatively large, and distance protection can be made to occur misoperation.So, when irregular operating appears in system, vibration or short trouble should be judged, and then carry out correct operation.Out-of-step blocking module, can reliably by protection blocking when vibration occurs system, the just unlocking until vibration stops; During system jam, out-of-step blocking is failure to actuate, and makes the ground action of protection fast and reliable; When breaking down in oscillatory process, protection can identify fault and action fast; And for first breaking down the vibration then occurred, protection is unlikely to non-selectivity ground action.
The judgment basis of vibration and short trouble is:
During vibration, system each point magnitude of voltage and current value all do and swing toward renaturation, and during short circuit, current/voltage value is sudden change;
During vibration, the pace of change of current/voltage value is comparatively slow, and during short circuit, the Sudden Changing Rate of current/voltage value is larger;
The change at the Dou Suigong angle, phase angle during vibration between system any point electric current and voltage and changing, and during short circuit, the phase angle between electric current and voltage is substantially constant;
During vibration, three-phase full symmetric, does not have negative sequence component to occur in electric power system, and when short circuit, negative sequence component is appearred in long-term (in unsymmetrical short-circuit process) or moment (when three-phase shortcircuit starts).
Overcurrent protection is one the most basic in route protection, is generally used for line backup protection or main protection etc.Judge the system failure by the variable quantity of monitoring current value, when the arbitrary setting value met in the inverse time protection in overcurrent, short delay protection or instantaneous protection or reach adjust operate time time, protection switch or protective circuit breaker action, cut off circuit.
Zero-sequence current protection module adopts neutral-point solid ground mode based on circuit, and when there is ground short circuit fault, will produce zero-sequence current, residual voltage and homopolar power, zero-sequenceprotection utilizes the change of these electric parameters to judge short trouble just.
Sudden Changing Rate starts module and Sudden Changing Rate log-on message is informed each zero-sequence current module and discriminating direction module, sends related electric amount information.Discriminating direction module utilizes the angle between zero-sequence current and residual voltage to judge positive and negative direction, and certain segment protect that can configure zero sequence is as required with directional information or be not with directional information.Zero-sequence current inside modules carries out comparing of zero-sequence current and setting value, and when zero-sequence current value is greater than corresponding setting value, then this segment protect starts.
Trip protection module, based on for faulty line, multiple protection may can provide actuating signal simultaneously, thus need actuating signal to integrate, the tripping operation of managing line, form final trip command and send to circuit breaker or switch to carry out work again.This module is associated with all modules exporting trip signal; comprise distance protection module, zero sequence circuit protection, overcurrent protection etc.; after receiving trip command; the aggregation process of trip signal will be carried out; and send trip command; after sending final trip command again, tripping operation information is sent to reclosing module, as the enabling signal of reclosing module.
After reclosing module occurs based on fault, protection correct operation is by circuit tripping, and fault electric arc extinguishes, insulation recovery, and fault point disappears, and circuit can return to normal operating condition.The effect of automatic reclosing is just that protection act waits for that transient fault disappears after tripping, and line insulation is recovered, automatically by circuit normal operation input.If the fault on circuit is permanent fault, utilize post reclosing acceleration function, after namely coinciding with fault, do not add time delay or little delay tripping, and in now lock-reclosing lock, no longer overlap, reduce the infringement that short circuit causes electric equipment.Reclosing module receives last jumping from tripping operation module and makes information, notice late reshutting acceleration protect module after reclosing success.
Unit protection module is judged the direction of fault respectively by the direction component of circuit both sides, then makes comprehensive judgement by high-frequency signal, namely compares to determine whether trip to the fault direction of both sides.The direction pointing to circuit from bus is positive direction, and the direction pointing to bus from circuit is in the other direction.The working method of Unit protection is when either side direction component is judged as in the other direction, and not only the protection of this side is not tripped, and sends high-frequency current by sender, just exports the protection of this side of pulse locking after offside receiver receives.That the direction component of nearly fault side is judged as reverse direction failure, so be that nearly fault side locking is away from fault side when external fault; When internal fault, both sides direction component is all judged as positive direction, does not send high-frequency current, and both sides receiver does not receive high-frequency current, and also just not exporting pulse goes latch-up protection, so both sides direction component all acts on tripping operation.When preventing fault from occurring by Unit protection, the action of circuit breaker large area, causes not being subject to the circuit of fault effects in the misoperation running into short-time overload electric current.
Carrier current protection module, on ultra-high-tension power transmission line, for ensureing the stability of electric power system paired running and improving transmission power, requires that protective relaying device is without time limit quick acting, the short trouble that on excision circuit, any point occurs.Adopt the high frequency carrier communication technology, power circuit is carried the hf channel of carrier wave high-frequency signal or microwave channel to replace pilot wire, form carrier current protection or MICROWAVE PROTECTION.Carrier current protection changes the current phase at circuit two ends or power direction into high-frequency signal; then utilize transmission line itself to form the passage of high-frequency current and this signal is sent to the other end, in the protective device of circuit two ends, carry out current phase or power direction compares.
Breaker fail protection module is when system jam; the protection act of fault element; and during the tripping operation of circuit breaker operation mechanism malfunctioning refusal, the wiring of the excision fault that makes it to trip in same electric substation adjacent elements circuit breaker by the protective effect of fault element.This protection can excise same power plant or other relevant circuit breakers of electric substation with the shorter time limit, as soon as possible power failure range is restricted to minimum.Due to the circuit breaker of all Connection Elements on one section of bus will be excised during breaker fail protection action; and be that the operation circuit of all circuit breakers is linked together in protection wiring; therefore, the reliability of the necessary safety action of wiring of protection, in order to avoid protection misoperation causes serious accident.Its action decision condition is:
1. fault element protection act does not occur; Namely circuit breaker element breaks down, and causes completing trip operation.
2. in the protected scope of fault element, still there is fault, namely guarantee the accuracy of breakdown judge, as this circuit breaker not fault, just also do not reach the delay time adjusted, thus cause the mistrip of other circuit breakers.
Differential protection module is that electric current in circuit creates the Sudden Changing Rate of certain value or the different parts (namely non-loaded access) in same section of circuit current differential at same position carries out route protection action when reaching certain value.
The judgment basis of differential protection is:
ΔI
CD＞KΔI
ZD
ΔI
CD＞I
set
Wherein Δ I
cDfor differential current, K is restraint coefficient, gets 0.8-1, Δ I
zDfor stalling current, I
setfor setting current value
Two judgment basis of differential protection meet one and namely carry out route protection action.
Wherein,
001"/>
In formula, I
mfor the current value that circuit one end records, I
nfor the current value that the circuit other end records, θ is I
mwith I
nphase place angle.
Overload protection module is because transmission line overload is a kind of more common abnormal operating condition, is mainly divided into normal overload and accident overload:
Normal overload: circuit exceedes the peak load of the normal operation of regulation, may be that the overstable limit is run, may is large-sized unit loss of excitation etc., normal overload be generally much smaller than serious accident overload.
Accident overload: when a transmission of electricity cross section one or more rounds circuit, accident or accident free tripping operation, load transfer plan causes the overload of residue working line serious accident.
By overload protection relay, arrange ground connection, the restriction of alternate load respectively, adjusting by definite value, the Overload that may occur is limited in outside active region.
The operating value of overload protection relay is
In formula
represent vector
with vector
between angle, α is the angle between voltage vector and current vector,
for the voltage vector of circuit,
for the current vector of circuit, R
setfor resistance setting value.
As can be seen from the above equation, by R
setcarry out adjusting, this definite value needs to ensure that measurement impedance can not enter into active region under accident Overload.
Line protection method of the present invention is started module, overload protection module and differential protection module and realizes protecting every fault of transmission line by overcurrent module, distance protection module, zero-sequence current protection module, out-of-step blocking module, automatic reclosing module, tripping operation module, Unit protection module, carrier current protection module, breaker fail protection module, Sudden Changing Rate, thus ensured the normal operation of circuit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure composition diagram of the line protection method of a kind of transmission line of the present invention.
Embodiment
A line protection method for transmission line, the content of described route protection comprises: overcurrent protection, distance protection, zero-sequence current protection, electrical network oscillation test/locking, automatic reclosing, trip protection, Unit protection, sudden change protection.According to the corresponding general module of protection curriculum offering, namely overcurrent module, distance protection module, zero-sequence current protection module, out-of-step blocking module, automatic reclosing module, tripping operation module, Unit protection module, carrier current protection module, breaker fail protection module, Sudden Changing Rate start module, overload protection module and differential protection module.
The Sudden Changing Rate of electric current starts the unlatching element of module as many protections such as distance protection, zero-sequenceprotection, and this module is run when each sampled point arrives, and gets 3 current sample instantaneous value data, calculating current Sudden Changing Rate.When jump-value of current being detected, this result is informed the protection or functional module that need Sudden Changing Rate to start by this module, as distance protection module group, zero-sequenceprotection module group etc.These protection modules will not work when system is normally run, until Sudden Changing Rate enabling signal arrives.
When jump-value of current Δ i is greater than Sudden Changing Rate setting value, Sudden Changing Rate starts.Wherein:
Δi＝||i-i
T|-|i
T-i
2T||
In formula, i
tfor the sampled value before current time one cycle, i
2Tit is the sampled value before two cycles.
Sudden Changing Rate start module be general module, open external interface is provided, input different data volumes then this module be provided for the Sudden Changing Rate log-on message of different defencive function.Arrange the magnitude of current of input and information of adjusting as required, Sudden Changing Rate module exports result of determination after carrying out generally starting judgement.
Distance protection is distance between reaction fault point to protection infield or impedance, and according to the distance of distance, i.e. the size of impedance and determine the one protection of operate time.Distance protection mainly matches with out-of-step blocking, reclosing etc., and protection exit is that three-phase is jumped entirely.When vibration occurs system, can correctly distinguish the system failure and vibration in time, ensure not tripping and not malfunction.
Distance protection module comprises fault phase phase selection module, discriminating direction module, quadrangle protection module and reclosing accelerating module.
After Sudden Changing Rate starts, fault phase phase selection module carries out separate with failure judgement of phase selection, carries out phase selection, namely by comparing three three-phase current Δ I according to jump-value of current
aB, Δ I
bC, Δ I
aCsize, carry out failure judgement separate.
Discriminating direction module is mainly used in judging that the short circuit nidus of exit short circuit is positioned at the forward of protective device still oppositely.With the voltage of fault generation the last fortnight ripple, compared with carrying out with the electric current after fault, come failure judgement direction.The result of discriminating direction is informed quadrangle protection module.Quadrangle protection module arranges quadrangle protection zone scope according to impedance operator, and when the fault phase impedance measured is in quadrilateral area, and meet discriminating direction when being in positive direction, protection starts simultaneously.
If auto recloser action, circuit reruns, if now again broken down, post reclosing acceleration module will take acceleration protection, after choosing a kind of acceleration strategy preset, without time delay or action after short time time delay.Post reclosing acceleration module receives the successful information of reclosing, and the log-on message of quadrangle protection module, and whether line impedance value has entered fault impedance interval, if any section quadrangle protection module starts, then and fast trip.
When there is vibration when system in out-of-step blocking module, the cyclic variation of electric current and voltage amount, will occur that impedance enters the situation of distance protection scope, and protection impact of adjusting the distance is comparatively large, and distance protection can be made to occur misoperation.So, when irregular operating appears in system, vibration or short trouble should be judged, and then carry out correct operation.Out-of-step blocking module, can reliably by protection blocking when vibration occurs system, the just unlocking until vibration stops; During system jam, out-of-step blocking is failure to actuate, and makes the ground action of protection fast and reliable; When breaking down in oscillatory process, protection can identify fault and action fast; And for first breaking down the vibration then occurred, protection is unlikely to non-selectivity ground action.
The judgment basis of vibration and short trouble is:
During vibration, system each point magnitude of voltage and current value all do and swing toward renaturation, and during short circuit, current/voltage value is sudden change;
During vibration, the pace of change of current/voltage value is comparatively slow, and during short circuit, the Sudden Changing Rate of current/voltage value is larger;
The change at the Dou Suigong angle, phase angle during vibration between system any point electric current and voltage and changing, and during short circuit, the phase angle between electric current and voltage is substantially constant;
During vibration, three-phase full symmetric, does not have negative sequence component to occur in electric power system, and when short circuit, negative sequence component is appearred in long-term (in unsymmetrical short-circuit process) or moment (when three-phase shortcircuit starts).
Overcurrent protection is one the most basic in route protection, is generally used for line backup protection or main protection etc.Judge the system failure by the variable quantity of monitoring current value, when the arbitrary setting value met in the inverse time protection in overcurrent, short delay protection or instantaneous protection or reach adjust operate time time, protection switch or protective circuit breaker action, cut off circuit.
Zero-sequence current protection module adopts neutral-point solid ground mode based on circuit, and when there is ground short circuit fault, will produce zero-sequence current, residual voltage and homopolar power, zero-sequenceprotection utilizes the change of these electric parameters to judge short trouble just.
Sudden Changing Rate starts module and Sudden Changing Rate log-on message is informed each zero-sequence current module and discriminating direction module, sends related electric amount information.Discriminating direction module utilizes the angle between zero-sequence current and residual voltage to judge positive and negative direction, and certain segment protect that can configure zero sequence is as required with directional information or be not with directional information.Zero-sequence current inside modules carries out comparing of zero-sequence current and setting value, and when zero-sequence current value is greater than corresponding setting value, then this segment protect starts.
Trip protection module, based on for faulty line, multiple protection may can provide actuating signal simultaneously, thus need actuating signal to integrate, the tripping operation of managing line, form final trip command and send to circuit breaker or switch to carry out work again.This module is associated with all modules exporting trip signal; comprise distance protection module, zero sequence circuit protection, overcurrent protection etc.; after receiving trip command; the aggregation process of trip signal will be carried out; and send trip command; after sending final trip command again, tripping operation information is sent to reclosing module, as the enabling signal of reclosing module.
After reclosing module occurs based on fault, protection correct operation is by circuit tripping, and fault electric arc extinguishes, insulation recovery, and fault point disappears, and circuit can return to normal operating condition.The effect of automatic reclosing is just that protection act waits for that transient fault disappears after tripping, and line insulation is recovered, automatically by circuit normal operation input.If the fault on circuit is permanent fault, utilize post reclosing acceleration function, after namely coinciding with fault, do not add time delay or little delay tripping, and in now lock-reclosing lock, no longer overlap, reduce the infringement that short circuit causes electric equipment.Reclosing module receives last jumping from tripping operation module and makes information, notice late reshutting acceleration protect module after reclosing success.
Unit protection module is judged the direction of fault respectively by the direction component of circuit both sides, then makes comprehensive judgement by high-frequency signal, namely compares to determine whether trip to the fault direction of both sides.The direction pointing to circuit from bus is positive direction, and the direction pointing to bus from circuit is in the other direction.The working method of Unit protection is when either side direction component is judged as in the other direction, and not only the protection of this side is not tripped, and sends high-frequency current by sender, just exports the protection of this side of pulse locking after offside receiver receives.That the direction component of nearly fault side is judged as reverse direction failure, so be that nearly fault side locking is away from fault side when external fault; When internal fault, both sides direction component is all judged as positive direction, does not send high-frequency current, and both sides receiver does not receive high-frequency current, and also just not exporting pulse goes latch-up protection, so both sides direction component all acts on tripping operation.When preventing fault from occurring by Unit protection, the action of circuit breaker large area, causes not being subject to the circuit of fault effects in the misoperation running into short-time overload electric current.
Carrier current protection module, on ultra-high-tension power transmission line, for ensureing the stability of electric power system paired running and improving transmission power, requires that protective relaying device is without time limit quick acting, the short trouble that on excision circuit, any point occurs.Adopt the high frequency carrier communication technology, power circuit is carried the hf channel of carrier wave high-frequency signal or microwave channel to replace pilot wire, form carrier current protection or MICROWAVE PROTECTION.Carrier current protection changes the current phase at circuit two ends or power direction into high-frequency signal; then utilize transmission line itself to form the passage of high-frequency current and this signal is sent to the other end, in the protective device of circuit two ends, carry out current phase or power direction compares
Breaker fail protection module is when system jam; the protection act of fault element; and during the tripping operation of circuit breaker operation mechanism malfunctioning refusal, the wiring of the excision fault that makes it to trip in same electric substation adjacent elements circuit breaker by the protective effect of fault element.This protection can excise same power plant or other relevant circuit breakers of electric substation with the shorter time limit, as soon as possible power failure range is restricted to minimum.Due to the circuit breaker of all Connection Elements on one section of bus will be excised during breaker fail protection action; and be that the operation circuit of all circuit breakers is linked together in protection wiring; therefore, the reliability of the necessary safety action of wiring of protection, in order to avoid protection misoperation causes serious accident.Its action decision condition is:
1. fault element protection act does not occur; Namely circuit breaker element breaks down, and causes completing trip operation.
2. in the protected scope of fault element, still there is fault, namely guarantee the accuracy of breakdown judge, as this circuit breaker not fault, just also do not reach the delay time adjusted, thus cause the mistrip of other circuit breakers.
Differential protection module is that electric current in circuit creates the Sudden Changing Rate of certain value or the different parts (namely non-loaded access) in same section of circuit current differential at same position carries out route protection action when reaching certain value.
The judgment basis of differential protection is:
ΔI
CD＞KΔI
ZD
ΔI
CD＞I
set
Wherein Δ I
cDfor differential current, K is restraint coefficient, gets 0.8-1, Δ I
zDfor stalling current, I
setfor setting current value
Two judgment basis of differential protection meet one and namely carry out route protection action.
Wherein,
002"/>
In formula, I
mfor the current value that circuit one end records, I
nfor the current value that the circuit other end records, θ is I
mwith I
nphase place angle.
Overload protection module is because transmission line overload is a kind of more common abnormal operating condition, is mainly divided into normal overload and accident overload:
Normal overload: circuit exceedes the peak load of the normal operation of regulation, may be that the overstable limit is run, may is large-sized unit loss of excitation etc., normal overload be generally much smaller than serious accident overload.
Accident overload: when a transmission of electricity cross section one or more rounds circuit, accident or accident free tripping operation, load transfer plan causes the overload of residue working line serious accident.
By overload protection relay, arrange ground connection, the restriction of alternate load respectively, adjusting by definite value, the Overload that may occur is limited in outside active region.
The operating value of overload protection relay is
In formula
represent vector
with vector
between angle, α is the angle between voltage vector and current vector,
for the voltage vector of circuit,
for the current vector of circuit, R
setfor resistance setting value.
As can be seen from the above equation, by R
setcarry out adjusting, this definite value needs to ensure that measurement impedance can not enter into active region under accident Overload.
Line protection method of the present invention is started module, overload protection module and differential protection module and realizes protecting every fault of transmission line by overcurrent module, distance protection module, zero-sequence current protection module, out-of-step blocking module, automatic reclosing module, tripping operation module, Unit protection module, carrier current protection module, breaker fail protection module, Sudden Changing Rate, thus ensured the normal operation of circuit.
The foregoing is only of the present invention and be preferably not limited to the present invention, obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various change and modification to the present invention and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention.Like this, if these amendments of the present invention and modification belong within the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, then the present invention is also intended to comprise these change and modification.
Claims (6)
1. the line protection method of a transmission line; it is characterized in that, the content of route protection comprises: overcurrent protection, distance protection, zero-sequence current protection, electrical network oscillation test/locking, automatic reclosing, trip protection, Unit protection, sudden change protection.
2. the line protection method of transmission line as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; according to the corresponding general module of protection curriculum offering, comprise overcurrent module, distance protection module, zero-sequence current protection module, out-of-step blocking module, automatic reclosing module, tripping operation module, Unit protection module, carrier current protection module, breaker fail protection module, Sudden Changing Rate startup module, overload protection module and differential protection module.
3. the line protection method of transmission line as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, when jump-value of current Δ i is greater than Sudden Changing Rate setting value, Sudden Changing Rate starts, wherein:
Δi＝||i-i
T|-|i
T-i
2T||
In formula, i
tfor the sampled value before current time one cycle, i
2Tit is the sampled value before two cycles.
4. the line protection method of transmission line as claimed in claim 3; it is characterized in that; distance protection is the impedance between reaction fault point to protection infield; and the protection of operate time is determined according to the size of impedance; distance protection matches with out-of-step blocking, reclosing, and protection exit is that three-phase is jumped entirely.
5. the line protection method of transmission line as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, distance protection module comprises fault phase phase selection module, discriminating direction module, quadrangle protection module and reclosing accelerating module;
After Sudden Changing Rate starts, fault phase phase selection module carries out separate with failure judgement of phase selection, carries out phase selection, by comparing three three-phase current Δ I according to jump-value of current
aB, Δ I
bC, Δ I
aCsize, carry out failure judgement separate;
Discriminating direction module is mainly used in judging that the short circuit nidus of exit short circuit is positioned at the forward of protective device still oppositely, with the voltage of fault generation the last fortnight ripple, failure judgement direction is come compared with carrying out with the electric current after fault, the result of discriminating direction is informed quadrangle protection module, quadrangle protection module arranges quadrangle protection zone scope according to impedance operator, when the fault phase impedance measured is in quadrilateral area, and meet discriminating direction when being in positive direction, protection starts simultaneously;
If auto recloser action, circuit reruns, if now again broken down, post reclosing acceleration module will take acceleration protection, after choosing the acceleration strategy preset, without time delay or action after short time time delay;
Out-of-step blocking module when there is vibration in system, reliably by protection blocking, the just unlocking until vibration stops; During system jam, out-of-step blocking is failure to actuate, and makes the ground action of protection fast and reliable;
The judgment basis of vibration and short trouble is:
During vibration, system each point magnitude of voltage and current value all do and swing toward renaturation, and during short circuit, current/voltage value is sudden change;
During vibration, the pace of change of current/voltage value is comparatively slow, and during short circuit, the Sudden Changing Rate of current/voltage value is larger;
The change at the Dou Suigong angle, phase angle during vibration between system any point electric current and voltage and changing, and during short circuit, the phase angle between electric current and voltage is substantially constant;
During vibration, three-phase full symmetric, does not have negative sequence component to occur, and when short circuit, will occur negative sequence component in electric power system.
6. the line protection method of transmission line as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, overcurrent protection judges the system failure by the variable quantity of monitoring current value, when the arbitrary setting value met in the inverse time protection in overcurrent, short delay protection or instantaneous protection or reach adjust operate time time, protection switch or protective circuit breaker action, cut off circuit;
When there is ground short circuit fault in zero-sequence current protection module, the change of zero-sequence current, residual voltage and the homopolar power produced is utilized to judge short trouble, Sudden Changing Rate starts module and Sudden Changing Rate log-on message is informed each zero-sequence current module and discriminating direction module, send related electric amount information, discriminating direction module utilizes the angle between zero-sequence current and residual voltage to judge positive and negative direction, zero-sequence current inside modules carries out comparing of zero-sequence current and setting value, when zero-sequence current value is greater than corresponding setting value, then this segment protect starts;
Trip protection module is associated with all modules exporting trip signal, after receiving trip command, will carry out the aggregation process of trip signal, and send trip command, after sending final trip command, tripping operation information is sent to reclosing module, as the enabling signal of reclosing module;
Reclosing module waits for that transient fault disappears after protection act tripping operation, line insulation is recovered, automatically by circuit normal operation input, if the fault on circuit is permanent fault, utilize post reclosing acceleration function, after coinciding with fault, do not add time delay or little delay tripping, and in now lock-reclosing lock, no longer overlap, reclosing module receives last jumping from tripping operation module and makes information, notice late reshutting acceleration protect module after reclosing success;
Unit protection module is judged the direction of fault respectively by the direction component of circuit both sides, then makes comprehensive judgement by high-frequency signal, namely compares to determine whether trip to the fault direction of both sides;
Carrier current protection module adopts the high frequency carrier communication technology, power circuit is carried the hf channel of carrier wave high-frequency signal or microwave channel to replace pilot wire, form carrier current protection or MICROWAVE PROTECTION, carrier current protection changes the current phase at circuit two ends or power direction into high-frequency signal, then utilize transmission line itself to form the passage of high-frequency current and this signal is sent to the other end, in the protective device of circuit two ends, carry out current phase or power direction compares;
Breaker fail protection module is when system jam; the protection act of fault element; and during the tripping operation of circuit breaker operation mechanism malfunctioning refusal, the wiring of the excision fault that makes it to trip in same electric substation adjacent elements circuit breaker by the protective effect of fault element, its action decision condition is:
1. fault element protection act does not occur;
2. in the protected scope of fault element, still there is fault;
Differential protection module is that electric current in circuit creates the Sudden Changing Rate of certain value or the different parts in same section of circuit current differential at same position carries out route protection action when reaching certain value;
The judgment basis of differential protection is:
ΔI
CD＞KΔI
ZD
ΔI
CD＞I
set
Wherein Δ I
cDfor differential current, K is restraint coefficient, gets 0.8-1, Δ I
zDfor stalling current, I
setfor setting current value;
Two judgment basis of differential protection meet one and namely carry out route protection action;
Wherein,
In formula, I
mfor the current value that circuit one end records, I
nfor the current value that the circuit other end records, θ is I
mwith I
nphase place angle;
Overload protection module is by overload protection relay, and arrange ground connection, the restriction of alternate load respectively, adjusting by definite value, the Overload that may occur is limited in outside active region;
The operating value of overload protection relay is:
In formula
represent vector
with vector
between angle, α is the angle between voltage vector and current vector;
for the voltage vector of circuit,
for the current vector of circuit, R
setfor resistance setting value.
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