CN105134938A - Intelligent transmission and motor control method used for same - Google Patents
Intelligent transmission and motor control method used for same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105134938A CN105134938A CN201510508266.1A CN201510508266A CN105134938A CN 105134938 A CN105134938 A CN 105134938A CN 201510508266 A CN201510508266 A CN 201510508266A CN 105134938 A CN105134938 A CN 105134938A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- cam
- direct current
- current generator
- ratchet
- speed changer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/304—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M11/00—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels
- B62M11/04—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio
- B62M11/14—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears
- B62M11/18—Transmissions characterised by the use of interengaging toothed wheels or frictionally-engaging wheels of changeable ratio with planetary gears with a plurality of planetary gear units
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62M—RIDER PROPULSION OF WHEELED VEHICLES OR SLEDGES; POWERED PROPULSION OF SLEDGES OR SINGLE-TRACK CYCLES; TRANSMISSIONS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SUCH VEHICLES
- B62M25/00—Actuators for gearing speed-change mechanisms specially adapted for cycles
- B62M25/08—Actuators for gearing speed-change mechanisms specially adapted for cycles with electrical or fluid transmitting systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/60—Inputs being a function of ambient conditions
- F16H59/66—Road conditions, e.g. slope, slippery
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
- F16H61/02—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used
- F16H61/0202—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric
- F16H61/0204—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing characterised by the signals used the signals being electric for gearshift control, e.g. control functions for performing shifting or generation of shift signal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
- F16H63/3416—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission
- F16H63/3458—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission with electric actuating means, e.g. shift by wire
- F16H63/3466—Parking lock mechanisms or brakes in the transmission with electric actuating means, e.g. shift by wire using electric motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H59/00—Control inputs to control units of change-speed-, or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion
- F16H59/60—Inputs being a function of ambient conditions
- F16H59/66—Road conditions, e.g. slope, slippery
- F16H2059/663—Road slope
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
- F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
- F16H63/304—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force
- F16H2063/3056—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms the final output mechanisms comprising elements moved by electrical or magnetic force using cam or crank gearing
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent transmission and a motor control method used for the same. The intelligent transmission is provided with an intelligent control system. The intelligent control system comprises a control module and a plurality of direct current motors. The control module is provided with a communication port, is connected with external terminal equipment through a communication module, and sends control signals through the terminal equipment. An output port of the control module is connected with the direct current motors. The direct current motors control pawl control rods through rotation of cams, pawls of corresponding central wheels are controlled to eject out or be compressed, and engagement and disengagement of the corresponding central wheels and a transmission main shaft are realized. Intelligent switching of gears of the transmission is realized through cooperation with other signal collecting units.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to speed changer and motor control technology field, be specifically related to the motor control method of a kind of intelligent transmission and use.
Background technique
Internal speed variator of bicycle is using planetary gears as transmission main body, close is assemblied in the flower-drum of the rear vehicle shaft of bicycle simultaneously, can overcome the defect that outer speed changer exists, provide bicycle preferably transmission performance, it is more and more universal in the production application of bicycle.
Existing internal speed variator of bicycle is Non-follow control and switches gear, automatic transmission in the market replaces referring to dial or transfer function with motor, electronic switching is adopted to realize self shifter, its principle switched is also very simple, gearshift power unit is carried out by means of only electrical components, can not realize more keeping off switching, more complicated cycling cannot be met and experience.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is: for the self-shifting defect of existing internal speed variator of bicycle, provide a kind of intelligent transmission, and can provide best gear according to the various difference situation of riding, intelligence degree is high, and gearshift accurately rapidly.
The present invention adopts following technological scheme to realize:
A kind of intelligent transmission, described internal speed changer adopts planetary pinion internal speed changer, internal speed changer realizes shift control by the central gear and transmission main shaft clutch controlling epicyclic train, clutch part wherein between central gear and transmission main shaft is the ratchet that elasticity is stretched out, described ratchet is arranged on main shaft by spring, the inner circle of described central gear is provided with ratchet and click-fit
Wherein, described internal speed changer has intelligent control system;
Described intelligent control system comprises control module and some direct current generators;
Described control module has COM1, and by communication module and exterior terminal equipment connection, send control signal by terminal equipment, the output port of described control module is connected with direct current generator respectively;
Some direct current generators rotate respectively by cam production ratchet controlling rod, realize the clutch of each central gear and main shaft, wherein, ratchet controlling rod is rotated by ratchet spring and is flush-mounted on the axial notch of main shaft, ratchet controlling rod end is provided with projection and cam contact, and the other end ratchet coordinates with central gear inner circle ratchet, and direct current generator band moving cam rotates, the profile variations of cam controls the rotation of ratchet controlling rod, realizes central gear and main shaft clutch.
Further, described direct current generator is divided into two-part, is arranged in the axial two ends of internal speed changer.
The end of described internal speed changer is provided with motor fixing seat, described motor fixing seat one end is fastening to be assemblied on transmission main shaft, the other end is assemblied on supporting base, the control mainboard of direct current generator and control module is anchored in motor fixing seat, cam is installed on direct current generator output shaft, cam profile and ratchet controlling rod bump contact.
Further, motor fixing seat is all fixed with alignment sensor in the other motor fixing seat of each cam, described cam is provided with the locating face coordinated with alignment sensor, and for determining the pivotal position of each cam, described alignment sensor is connected with the signal end of control module.
Preferably, the ratchet that the side direct current generator of the central gear near speed changer end directly contacts this central gear by cam realizes controlling.
In the present invention, described internal speed changer also comprises self-locking mechanism, by one of them DC motor Driver;
Described self-locking mechanism comprises and is fixed on the lock tooth on internal speed changer output hub and the fish tail pintle hook lock by DC motor Driver, described fish tail pintle hook lock is hinged in motor fixing seat by fish tail pin, and be connected with fish tail pintle hook lock by the second spring, fish tail pintle hook lock and lock tooth is kept to keep normal separated state, described fish tail pintle hook lock one end has the ratchet structure be engaged with lock tooth, and the cam that the other end is connected with this direct current generator by the first spring connects.
Preferably, the cam that described direct current generator connects is disc cam.
Another is preferred, and the cam that described direct current generator connects is cylindrical cam, and cylindrical cam is installed on direct current generator output shaft, cylindrical cam comprises high plane, low plane, section of upspringing, compresses inclined-plane and locating face; Wherein high plane, compression inclined-plane, low plane, section of upspringing are in turn connected into closed circular curved surface, locating face is positioned at cylindrical cam side, corresponding with alignment sensor, direct current generator drives cylindrical cam one direction to rotate, and carries out initial bit location when the locating face on cylindrical cam touches alignment sensor to cylindrical cam.
In the present invention, described intelligent control system also comprises velocity measuring module, and described velocity measuring module comprises the Hall transducer being fixed on internal speed changer inside and the magnet steel together rotated with internal speed changer output hub; Described magnet steel is assemblied in the brake end side surface of speed changer output hub by nut seal, magnet steel is positioned at inside output hub, described Hall transducer is fixed on internal speed changer inside by sensor installation seat, the sensitive surface of Hall transducer and magnet steel rotating locus face remain in induction range and install, and coordinate carry out the monitoring of output hub rotational speed with magnet steel; Described Hall transducer is connected with control module, by communication module, the traveling apparatus real-time speed and distance travelled that transform the speed changer lift-launch obtained is delivered to exterior terminal equipment.
Further, described intelligent control system also comprises gravity sensor, described gravity sensor is fixedly installed on the control mainboard of control module, calculates by the inclined degree of monitor vehicle the gradient travelled, and the travelling speed detected in conjunction with Hall transducer controls gear change.
Preferably, described exterior terminal equipment comprises controlling equipment and power supply, and described controlling equipment comprises bicycle code table or mobile terminal of mobile telephone.
In the present invention, the power transfer assembly of described internal speed changer adopts two groups of epicyclic trains to share the structural configuration of a group switching centre wheel, planet wheel and the ring gear parameter of two groups of epicyclic trains are consistent, the ring gear of first order epicyclic train is connected with the planet carrier of second level epicyclic train is fastening, first order planet carrier is connected with first order ring gear with overrunning clutch by first order planet wheel, and second level epicyclic train is matched with second level ring gear by second level planet wheel.
The invention also discloses the motor control method that a kind of above-mentioned intelligent transmission uses: wherein, direct current generator can adopt single direction rotation to control, described direct current generator only rotates to a fixed-direction, drives ratchet controlling rod by cam profile change;
When the far-end that direct current generator turns to cam profile contacts with ratchet controlling rod, ratchet controlling rod is in compacting state, free state is between the central gear controlled and main shaft, and the locating face now on cam touches alignment sensor, and signal is passed to control module, control direct current generator stall;
When central gear and main shaft block by needs, continue to rotate along former direction by direct current generator, cam profile suddenlys change to near-end by far-end, ratchet controlling rod is upspring under the action of the spring fast, thus main shaft and central gear is blocked, wherein, the opportunity that cam goes to near-end is realized by the timing unit of control module, namely, in the set time after alignment sensor is left in cam orientation face, control the stopping of direct current generator, now the near-end of cam contacts with ratchet controlling rod.
In addition, direct current generator also can adopt bidirectional rotation to control, and described direct current generator rotates towards positive and negative both direction;
Described direct current generator rotates forward, cam profile is rotated to far-end by near-end, ratchet controlling rod is depressed, make to be in free state between central gear and main shaft, when the locating face of cam touches alignment sensor, control signal is passed to control module, direct current generator stops, and be provided with projection at the far-end of cam, prevent cam from crossing transduction and cause ratchet controlling rod and again upspring;
When central gear and main shaft block by needs, control direct current generator to rotate toward opposite direction, cam profile suddenlys change to near-end by far-end, cam and ratchet controlling rod are contacted with cam near-end, ratchet controlling rod is upspring under the action of the spring fast, thus main shaft and central gear are blocked, wherein, the opportunity that cam goes to near-end is realized by the timing unit of control module, namely in the set time after alignment sensor is left in cam orientation face, control the stopping of direct current generator, now the near-end of cam contacts with ratchet controlling rod.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
Intelligent transmission of the present invention, its the most basic function controls by exterior terminal equipment the switching that internal speed changer carries out gear, do not need to shift gears one by one as traditional manual switchover (direct current generator drives stay cord gearshift), have manually and automatic two kinds of patterns; Under manual mode, jockey is by being manually directly switch to random shift; Under automatic mode, in conjunction with the control system of control module inside, suitable gear can be automatically switched to according to the speed of a motor vehicle of riding and driving states.
In addition, intelligent control system of the present invention connects multiple external signal collecting unit by control module, as velocity measuring module, not only can be used as self-shifting speed monitoring unit, also can record each and total kilometres, show the speed of a motor vehicle etc. of riding in real time simultaneously.Gravity sensor, according to the situation of climbing of riding, can judge the gradient of riding, comprehensively analyzes applicable gear of riding, improve self-shifting rationality further in conjunction with the speed of riding according to the angle of inclination of equipment.
The present invention is also integrated with self-locking mechanism on internal speed changer, can be used as the anti-theft module of carrying traveling apparatus, self-locking mechanism is controlled by the power-transmission system locking of internal speed changer by exterior terminal equipment, like this, even if when the outside burglarproof lock carrying traveling apparatus lost efficacy, equipment still can not normally travel, and improves the theftproof performance of bicycle.
For bicycle, the mobile phone terminal etc. of the instrument that the present invention adopts the code table be fixed on bicycle to travel or movement, by wired or wireless communication module, the intelligent control of internal speed changer can be realized, in conjunction with intelligence softwares such as the APP of Application and Development on mobile phone, the usability of bicycle can be promoted further.
The present invention can monitor internal component state, break down can and alarm, and warning message to be sent on internal speed changer exterior terminal equipment or mobile phone A PP.Conveniently safeguard in time.Take out nut as pointed out user when magnet steel lost efficacy and clean and maintenance is carried out to magnet steel; Motor, alignment sensor, gravity sensor etc. feed back to user when breaking down in time; When bicycle running maintains, as added lubricant oil to certain mileage prompting user; When bicycle is in (speed is greater than certain value) in traveling process, close auto-lock function, the middle self-locking misoperation that prevents from advancing causes all standing accident.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic internal view of 12 speed internal gearboxes that the present invention applies.
Fig. 2 is that schematic diagram arranged by the flywheel end direct current generator of 12 speed internal gearboxes that the present invention applies.
Fig. 3 is the sectional view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is that schematic diagram arranged by the brake end direct current generator of 12 speed internal gearboxes that the present invention applies, and comprises the schematic diagram of self-locking mechanism.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 a, 6b are the cam structure that the another kind of direct current generator of 12 speed internal gearboxes that the present invention applies connects.
Fig. 7 is each central gear of 12 speed internal gearboxes that the present invention applies and the matching timing table of comparisons of gear.
Embodiment
Embodiment
The present embodiment is described for bicycle 12 speed internal gearbox applying technical solution of the present invention.
See Fig. 1, the internal speed changer of ten two-speeds comprises main shaft 1, output hub 19, power input assembly, power transfer assembly, shift control assembly, intelligent control system.
Power input assembly comprises flywheel 3, free wheel base 4, flywheel jump ring 32, and flywheel 3 is fastening to be assemblied on free wheel base 4, is clamped by flywheel jump ring 32, and bicycle power is rotated by flywheel 3 flywheel driven seat 4.
Interior ten two-stage speed changer power transfer assemblies are made up of four groups of epicyclic trains, comprise three planet carriers, four groups of planet wheels, three ring gears, five central gears, three overrunning clutchs.Wherein free wheel base 4 is fastening by flywheel seat pin 31 and the first row carrier 6, the first ring gear 36 and the fastening assembling of the second planet carrier 10; The first row star-wheel 45 is installed by the first row star-wheel pin 5, and coordinates with the first ring gear 36; The small gear of the second planet wheel 9 and the third line star-wheel 13 shares the second ring gear 11; Second planet wheel 9 is installed by the second planet wheel pin 8, and the third line star-wheel 13 and fourth line star-wheel 25 are installed in the third line carrier 18 respectively by the third line star-wheel pin 12 and fourth line star-wheel pin 24; 3rd ring gear 17 coordinates with the gearwheel of fourth line star-wheel 25; Overrunning clutch seat 15 is fastening to be assemblied in the third line carrier 18; First overrunning clutch 7 is installed on the first retainer 6, coordinates with the first ring gear 36; Second overrunning clutch 14 is installed on overrunning clutch seat 15, coordinates with output hub 19; 3rd overrunning clutch 16 is installed on the 3rd ring gear 17, coordinates with output hub.Power transfer assembly by the second overrunning clutch 14 and the 3rd overrunning clutch 16 by the transmission of power of different speed ratio to output hub 19.
Rotate between the output hub 19 of internal speed changer and main shaft 1, between output hub 19 and free wheel base 4 and between free wheel base 4 and shift control assembly respectively by the first pearl frame 39, second pearl frame 40 and the 3rd pearl frame 42 and assemble, main shaft and output hub are locked by set screw nut 38 near brake hold, and realize sealing by the first seal ring 37, second seal ring 41, the 3rd seal ring 43 and the 4th seal ring 44 in each joint of the output hub of internal speed changer, main shaft, free wheel base and shift control assembly and assemble.
Wherein, two groups of epicyclic trains are had to share same central gear in power transfer assembly in this internal speed changer, its planet wheel and ring gear parameter consistent, wherein the ring gear of first order epicyclic train is connected with the planet carrier of second level epicyclic train is fastening, and first group of planet carrier is connected with the first ring gear with the first overrunning clutch by the first row star-wheel; Second level epicyclic train is matched with the second ring gear by the second planet wheel.The clutch taken turns by control centre can obtain the product speed ratio of two epicyclic train velocity ratios.Adopt the method to obtain large speed ratio, and do not increase ring gear diameter, namely internal speed changer output hub can do little as far as possible.
Internal speed changer adopts planetary pinion internal speed changer, internal speed changer realizes shift control by the central gear and transmission main shaft clutch controlling epicyclic train, clutch part wherein between central gear and transmission main shaft is that elasticity stretches out ratchet, ratchet is arranged on main shaft by spring, the inner circle of central gear is provided with ratchet and click-fit
Shift control assembly for ratchet is made up of ratchet controlling rod, some direct current generators, ratchet controlling rod one end coordinates with the ratchet of central gear inner circle, the locking of a direction is taken turns by control centre, cam engagement on the other end and direct current generator output shaft, rotated by direct current generator band moving cam, control upspringing and compacting of ratchet controlling rod, realize the clutch for clutch control of central gear.Several groups of epicyclic trains combinationally use, the clutch matching relationship of being taken turns by control centre, can realize different velocity ratios and export.
Internal speed changer has intelligent control system, and intelligent control system comprises control module and some direct current generators;
Control module has COM1, and by communication module and exterior terminal equipment connection, send control signal by terminal equipment, the output port of control module is connected with direct current generator respectively;
Direct current generator exports and connects cam mechanism, its cam is connected with direct current generator output shaft, corresponding cam be a ratchet controlling rod, ratchet controlling rod is inlaid on transmission main shaft vertically rotationally, one end is by projection and cam contact, and the other end extends the central gear ratchet being connected to correspondence, and corresponding direct current generator is rotated by cam and controls ratchet controlling rod, the ratchet controlling corresponding central gear ejects and compacting, realizes the clutch of corresponding central gear and transmission main shaft.
Direct current generator is divided into two-part, and a part as a whole parts is installed on flywheel side, and a part is installed on brake side for controlling the 5th central gear 26 and lock tooth 23, avoids direct current generator to be all deposited in speed changer side and causes structure too fat to move.Intelligent control system carries out clutch for clutch control by controlling each direct current generator to five central gears, thus realizes 12 gear velocity ratios outputs.
In conjunction with see Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the DC motor control system being positioned at flywheel side comprises motor fixing seat 2, first direct current generator 50, first cam 51, second cam 55, alignment sensor 54, controls mainboard 56, rubber sleeve 52.Wherein motor fixing seat 2 one end is fastening is assemblied on main shaft 1, and the other end is assemblied on supporting base 35; First direct current generator 50 is anchored in motor fixing seat 2; First cam 51 and the second cam 55 are installed on two the first direct current generator 50 output shafts respectively, and the first direct current generator 50 is the direct current generator of this side of speed changer; Cam is connected with each ratchet controlling rod respectively, and direct current generator rotarily drives cam rotation, controls corresponding ratchet controlling rod rotate by cam profile change, and then the ratchet realizing the connection of ratchet controlling rod is upspring and compacting; Motor fixing seat 2 overhead cam is other is all fixed with alignment sensor 54, for determining each cam initial position.
DC MOTOR CONTROL assembly has two kinds of modes by cam production ratchet controlling rod:
A kind of mode is that direct current generator adopts single direction rotation to control, and described direct current generator only rotates to a fixed-direction, drives ratchet controlling rod by cam profile change; When the far-end that direct current generator turns to cam profile contacts with ratchet controlling rod, ratchet controlling rod is in compacting state, free state is between the central gear controlled and main shaft, and the locating face now on cam touches alignment sensor, and signal is passed to control module, control direct current generator stall; When central gear and main shaft block by needs, continue to rotate along former direction by direct current generator, cam profile suddenlys change to near-end by far-end, ratchet controlling rod is upspring under the action of the spring fast, thus main shaft and central gear is blocked, wherein, the opportunity that cam goes to near-end is realized by the timing unit of control module, namely, in the set time after alignment sensor is left in cam orientation face, control the stopping of direct current generator, now the near-end of cam contacts with ratchet controlling rod.Adopt the method that ratchet controlling rod can be made to upspring rapidly, avoid ratchet controlling rod ratchet slowly to contact with central gear inner circle ratchet, more reliably.
Another kind method is that direct current generator adopts bidirectional rotation to control, and described direct current generator rotates towards positive and negative both direction; Described direct current generator rotates forward, cam profile is rotated to far-end by near-end, ratchet controlling rod is depressed, make to be in free state between central gear and main shaft, when the locating face of cam touches alignment sensor, control signal is passed to control module, direct current generator stops, and be provided with projection at the far-end of cam, as shown in the second cam 55, prevent cam from crossing transduction and cause ratchet controlling rod and again upspring; When central gear and main shaft block by needs, control direct current generator to rotate toward opposite direction, cam profile suddenlys change to near-end by far-end, cam and ratchet controlling rod are contacted with cam near-end, ratchet controlling rod is upspring under the action of the spring fast, thus main shaft and central gear are blocked, wherein, the opportunity that cam goes to near-end is realized by the timing unit of control module, namely in the set time after alignment sensor is left in cam orientation face, control the stopping of direct current generator, now the near-end of cam contacts with ratchet controlling rod.
Cam locus designs certain equidistant circular arc at near-end, can guarantee reliably to make ratchet controlling rod upspring to working position by set time.
Main shaft 1 is offered by the crossed beam trunking 74 connecting cabling for sensor.
In conjunction with see Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the DC motor control system being positioned at brake side comprises ratchet fixed base 64, ratchet 70, second direct current generator 65, the 3rd cam 68, alignment sensor 54, the 3rd spring 69.Ratchet fixed base 64 is anchored on main shaft 1 by bearing pin 75, and ratchet 70 is installed on ratchet fixed base 64 half slot, rotates to an angle around half slot.3rd spring 69 one end is installed on ratchet fixed base 64 hole, and the other end contacts with ratchet 70, for ratchet 70 of upspringing, blocks central gear.Second direct current generator 65 is installed on ratchet fixed base 64, now ratchet fixed base is equivalent to motor fixing seat, deceleration direct-current motor is equivalent to the direct current generator of the 3rd cam 68, output shaft is provided with the 3rd cam 68, according to control system instruction DC motor positive and negative rotation, depress ratchet during rotating forward, reversion several angle is upspring ratchet.Alignment sensor 54 is installed equally, for determining the initial position of the 3rd cam 68 on the 3rd cam 68 side.
Output hub 19 is fastened with lock tooth 23, ratchet fixed base 64 is provided with fish tail pintle hook lock 63, the fish tail pin 76 of fish tail pintle hook lock 63 on ratchet fixed base 64 rotates, second spring 62 one end is installed on ratchet fixed base 64 hole, the other end, for depressing fish tail pintle hook lock 63, makes fish tail pintle hook lock 63 depart from lock tooth 23; First spring 61 one end is installed on fish tail pintle hook lock 63, the other end contacts with the 3rd cam 68, when the 3rd cam 68 rotates to low level, first spring 61 makes fish tail pintle hook lock 63 tilt, fish tail pintle hook lock 63 ratchet end coordinates with lock tooth 23, make lock tooth 23 forward and reverse direction all be in locking state, thus pin output hub 19, realize the automatically controlled auto-lock function of bicycle.In addition, the first spring 61 also plays elastic buffer effect, fish tail pintle hook lock 63 misoperation in bicycle traveling process can be avoided to upspring all standing from structure, shield.
Internal speed changer inside is also provided with velocity measuring module, and velocity measuring module comprises the Hall transducer being fixed on internal speed changer inside and the magnet steel together rotated with internal speed changer output hub; End side surface of braking output hub 19 is equipped with the nut 20 of a band magnet steel 22, and it is inboard that magnet steel 22 is positioned at output hub 19.O type circle 21 is had to seal between nut 20 and output hub 19.In addition lubricant oil can be injected by this tapped hole, and nut 20 conveniently can take out and carries out clean and maintenance to magnet steel 22.In output hub 19 inside, Hall transducer 66 is housed, Hall transducer 66 is installed on the sensor installation seat 67 of isolation material, coordinate with magnet steel 22 and carry out output hub 19 rotational speed and monitor, calculated by software and can obtain bicycle and to advance real-time speed and mileage of advancing.Hall transducer is fixed on internal speed changer inside by sensor installation seat, the sensitive surface of Hall transducer and magnet steel rotating locus face remain in induction range and install, coordinate with magnet steel and carry out the monitoring of output hub rotational speed, Hall transducer is connected with control module, and bicycle real-time speed conversion obtained by communication module and distance travelled are delivered to exterior terminal equipment.
The cam that direct current generator in above-described embodiment connects is disc cam, specifically, the curve of gentle transition is adopted between the near-end of cam profile to far-end, distally to the curve adopting sudden change between near-end, ensure that ratchet can be upspring rapidly from main shaft, realize the quick combination of central gear and main shaft.
As another kind of preferred implementation of the present invention, the cam that direct current generator connects is cylindrical cam.As shown in figures 6 a and 6b, ratchet controlling rod, cylindrical cam 81, first direct current generator 50, alignment sensor 54 is comprised.Cylindrical cam 81 is installed on the first direct current generator 50 output shaft, comprises high plane 83, low plane 84, section 85 of upspringing, compresses inclined-plane 86, locating face 87; Ratchet controlling rod 71/72/73 control end is connected with cylindrical cam 81, three central gears in ratchet controlling rod 71/72/73 difference corresponding control internal speed changer and main shaft clutch.First direct current generator 50 drives cylindrical cam 81 to rotate, and when ratchet controlling rod and cylindrical cam are contacted with high plane, ratchet controlling rod is in the state of upspringing, clamping central gear, when ratchet controlling rod and cylindrical cam are contacted with low plane, ratchet controlling rod is in compacting state, and central gear freely.Section of upspringing between the low plane of cylindrical cam to high plane is very steep, and when direct current generator drives cylindrical cam to rotate, ratchet controlling rod is very short to state for time of upspringing from compacting state, directly can clamp central gear; Compression slope between cylindrical cam height plane to low plane is mild, and cylindrical cam pressure ratchet controlling rod dynamics is less.Direct current generator drives cylindrical cam one direction to rotate, and carries out initial bit location when the locating face on cylindrical cam touches alignment sensor to cylindrical cam.
Further, intelligent control system also comprises gravity sensor, and gravity sensor is connected in control module, and gravity sensor does not rotate with internal speed changer and rotates, for measuring bicycle and ground-angle.Can automatic decision bicycle be in climbing, level road or descending according to the angular values recorded, the gradient be much, for speed changer intelligent control provides Data support.
DC MOTOR CONTROL assembly is equipped with and controls mainboard 56, control mainboard is integrated with the unit modules such as controller, the device such as all direct current generators, Hall transducer, alignment sensor, gravity sensor on internal speed changer is all connected on the input port of control mainboard 56, and is controlled by control mainboard 56 program.In addition controlling mainboard 56 provides COM1 to connect internal speed changer exterior terminal equipment 80 by data line 53, makes exterior terminal equipment 80 can carry out communication with control mainboard 56, also can adopt wireless transport module, thus control intelligent transmission.Exterior terminal equipment 80 can be the control terminal be installed on bicycle, also can be the mobile terminal as mobile phone.
Intelligent control system is the management system of internal speed changer, and control program carries out intelligent control by controlling components and parts in mainboard 56 pairs of speed changers.
Intelligence internal speed changer has manual and automatic two kinds of patterns, can freely switch.When selecting manual mode, jockey, by gear needed for internal speed changer exterior terminal equipment choice, controls mainboard and receives instruction, drive each direct current generator work, make internal speed changer switch to appointment shifting state.In addition jockey can any switching laws gear, without the need to switching by gear, fast accurately.When selecting automatic mode, system is obtained bicycle to be advanced real-time speed, bicycle and ground-angle by intelligent internal speed changer tachogenerator, gravity sensor, automatically switches to optimum gear according to system program.
Intelligent control system is the management system of internal speed changer, have test the speed, hand automatic speed changing, electronic lock, the function such as gradient judgement.At bicycle pedal bent axle place, torsion torque sensor is installed, can monitors and step on frequently and input torque.Intelligence internal speed changer can control time point during shift transformation.According to test, when bicycle pedal is in high point, now carries out gear and switch best to internal speed changer component stressing conditions.Intelligent internal speed changer control system obtains torsion input state by torsion torque sensor thus, when being in high point, carries out speed change, thus reaches protection internal speed changer component, increases the service life.
Intelligence internal speed changer can record the real-time gait of march of bicycle by inner Hall transducer, and sends data to the display of exterior terminal equipment, and has memory accumulating function.
Intelligence internal speed changer has electronic auto-lock function.User realizes the self-locking of internal speed changer by the self-locking mechanism that wireless device or exterior terminal equipment directly control bicycle.After controlling mainboard reception instruction, brake side deceleration direct-current motor rotates to desired location, fish tail pintle hook lock is tilted and blocks lock tooth, make bicycle be in self-locking state.
Intelligence internal speed changer can monitor internal component state, break down can and alarm, and warning message to be sent on internal speed changer exterior terminal equipment or mobile phone A PP.Conveniently safeguard in time.Take out nut as pointed out user when magnet steel lost efficacy and clean and maintenance is carried out to magnet steel; Direct current generator, alignment sensor, gravity sensor etc. feed back to user when breaking down in time; When bicycle running maintains, as added lubricant oil to certain mileage prompting user; When bicycle be in traveling process medium velocity be greater than certain value time, close auto-lock function, the middle self-locking misoperation that prevents from advancing causes all standing accident.
The intelligent internal speed changer workflow of internal ten two-speeds is described in detail below:
Power is rotated by flywheel 3 flywheel driven seat 4, thus drives the first row carrier 6 to rotate.
First ring gear 36 and the fastening assembling of the second planet carrier 10, the first row star-wheel 45 and the second planet wheel 9 share the first central gear 30.The first row carrier 6 drives the first ring gear 36 to rotate by the first overrunning clutch 7 and the first row star-wheel 45, thus drives the second planet carrier 10 to rotate, then is passed to the second ring gear 11 by the second planet wheel 9.When the first central gear 30 is fixed, the first overrunning clutch 7 is exceeded the speed limit, and the second ring gear 11 exports top gear; When the first central gear 30 is free, the second ring gear 11 exports direct gear.
Second ring gear 11 drives the third line star-wheel 13 to rotate, thus drives the third line carrier 18 to rotate, by controlling the clutch of the second central gear 29 and the 3rd central gear 28, and exportable two kinds of different drive ratios.
The third line carrier 18 drives fourth line star-wheel 25 to rotate, when the 4th central gear 27 and the 5th central gear 26 all free time, power is passed to output hub 19 by the second overrunning clutch 14; When the 4th central gear 27 and the 5th central gear 26 have one to be in fixing, power is passed to output hub 19 by the 3rd overrunning clutch 16.
The shift control assembly (direct current generator) of internal speed changer, by the separation and reunion of control five central gears, realizes the velocity ratio output of 12 gears under the effect of the intelligent control system of internal speed changer.Wherein flywheel side block level control device (direct current generator) is for controlling the first central gear, the 3rd central gear and the 4th central gear, brake side block level control device (direct current generator) is for controlling the 5th central gear, and the overrunning clutch that the second central gear is made up of unidirectional maintenance stand 33 and unidirectional retainer 34 controls.When ratchet controlling rod be in upspring state time, central gear clamping is fixing, and when ratchet controlling rod is in compacting state, central gear is in free state.
In the concrete working state matching timing of each central gear of ten two-speeds be illustrated in fig. 7 shown below.
Within the present invention, ten two-stage speed changers are example, but are not limited to interior ten two-stage speed changers, internal speed changer and bicycle be fitted to each other as prior art, the bicycle for this internal speed changer of application of the present invention's protection emphatically.Those skilled in the art should be understood that; internal speed changer involved in the present invention should be not limited to other speed changer of above-mentioned speed; not departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claims limits; to the various application done by the present invention on other other internal speed changers of speed, all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Simultaneously, any those of ordinary skill in the art, when not departing from technical solution of the present invention scope, the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement all can be utilized to make many possible variations and modification to technical solution of the present invention, or be revised as the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations.Therefore, every content not departing from technical solution of the present invention, according to the technology of the present invention essence to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent variations and modification, all should drop in the scope of technical solution of the present invention protection.
Claims (12)
1. an intelligent transmission, described speed changer adopts planetary pinion internal speed changer, internal speed changer realizes shift control by the central gear and transmission main shaft clutch controlling epicyclic train, clutch part wherein between central gear and transmission main shaft is the ratchet that elasticity is stretched out, described ratchet is arranged on main shaft by spring, the inner circle of described central gear is provided with ratchet and click-fit
It is characterized in that:
Described internal speed changer has intelligent control system;
Described intelligent control system comprises control module and some direct current generators;
Described control module has COM1, and by communication module and exterior terminal equipment connection, send control signal by terminal equipment, the output port of described control module is connected with direct current generator respectively;
Some direct current generators rotate respectively by cam production ratchet controlling rod, realize the clutch of each central gear and main shaft, wherein, ratchet controlling rod is rotated by ratchet spring and is flush-mounted on the axial notch of main shaft, ratchet controlling rod end is provided with projection and cam contact, and the other end ratchet coordinates with central gear inner circle ratchet, and direct current generator band moving cam rotates, the profile variations of cam controls the rotation of ratchet controlling rod, realizes central gear and main shaft clutch.
2. a kind of intelligent transmission according to claim 1, described direct current generator is divided into two-part, is arranged in the axial two ends of internal speed changer;
The end of described internal speed changer is provided with motor fixing seat, described motor fixing seat one end is fastening to be assemblied on transmission main shaft, the other end is assemblied on supporting base, the control mainboard of direct current generator and control module is anchored in motor fixing seat, cam is installed on direct current generator output shaft, cam profile and ratchet controlling rod bump contact;
The ratchet that the side direct current generator of the central gear near speed changer end directly contacts this central gear by cam realizes controlling.
3. a kind of intelligent transmission according to claim 2, motor fixing seat is all fixed with alignment sensor in the other motor fixing seat of each cam, described cam is provided with the locating face coordinated with alignment sensor, for determining the pivotal position of each cam, described alignment sensor is connected with the signal end of control module.
4. a kind of intelligent transmission according to claim 3, described internal speed changer also comprises self-locking mechanism, by one of them DC motor Driver;
Described self-locking mechanism comprises and is fixed on the lock tooth on internal speed changer output hub and the fish tail pintle hook lock by DC motor Driver, described fish tail pintle hook lock is hinged in motor fixing seat by fish tail pin, and be connected with fish tail pintle hook lock by the second spring, fish tail pintle hook lock and lock tooth is kept to keep normal separated state, described fish tail pintle hook lock one end has the ratchet structure be engaged with lock tooth, and the cam that the other end is connected with this direct current generator by the first spring connects.
5. a kind of intelligent transmission according to any one of claim 1-4, the cam that described direct current generator connects is disc cam.
6. a kind of intelligent transmission according to any one of claim 1-4, the cam that described direct current generator connects is cylindrical cam, cylindrical cam is installed on direct current generator output shaft, cylindrical cam comprises high plane, low plane, section of upspringing, compresses inclined-plane and locating face; Wherein high plane, compression inclined-plane, low plane, section of upspringing are in turn connected into closed circular curved surface, locating face is positioned at cylindrical cam side, corresponding with alignment sensor, direct current generator drives cylindrical cam one direction to rotate, and carries out initial bit location when the locating face on cylindrical cam touches alignment sensor to cylindrical cam.
7. a kind of intelligent transmission according to claim 1, described intelligent control system also comprises velocity measuring module, and described velocity measuring module comprises the Hall transducer being fixed on internal speed changer inside and the magnet steel together rotated with internal speed changer output hub;
Described magnet steel is assemblied in the brake end side surface of speed changer output hub by nut seal, magnet steel is positioned at inside output hub, described Hall transducer is fixed on internal speed changer inside by sensor installation seat, the sensitive surface of Hall transducer and magnet steel rotating locus face remain in induction range and install, and coordinate carry out the monitoring of output hub rotational speed with magnet steel;
Described Hall transducer is connected with control module, and bicycle real-time speed conversion obtained by communication module and distance travelled are delivered to exterior terminal equipment.
8. a kind of intelligent transmission according to claim 7, described intelligent control system also comprises gravity sensor, described gravity sensor is fixedly installed on the control mainboard of control module, calculate by the inclined degree of monitor vehicle the gradient travelled, the travelling speed detected in conjunction with Hall transducer controls gear change.
9. a kind of intelligent transmission according to claim 7 or 8, described exterior terminal equipment comprises controlling equipment and power supply, and described controlling equipment comprises bicycle code table or mobile terminal of mobile telephone.
10. a kind of intelligent transmission according to claim 1, the power transfer assembly of described internal speed changer adopts two groups of epicyclic trains to share the structural configuration of a group switching centre wheel, planet wheel and the ring gear parameter of two groups of epicyclic trains are consistent, the ring gear of first order epicyclic train is connected with the planet carrier of second level epicyclic train is fastening, first order planet carrier is connected with first order ring gear with overrunning clutch by first order planet wheel, and second level epicyclic train is matched with second level ring gear by second level planet wheel.
The motor control method of intelligent transmission in 11. 1 kinds of claims 5 or 6: it is characterized in that: direct current generator adopts single direction rotation to control, and described direct current generator only rotates to a fixed-direction, drives ratchet controlling rod by cam profile change;
When the far-end that direct current generator turns to cam profile contacts with ratchet controlling rod, ratchet controlling rod is in compacting state, free state is between the central gear controlled and main shaft, and the locating face now on cam touches alignment sensor, and signal is passed to control module, control direct current generator stall;
When central gear and main shaft block by needs, continue to rotate along former direction by direct current generator, cam profile suddenlys change to near-end by far-end, ratchet controlling rod is upspring under the action of the spring fast, thus main shaft and central gear is blocked, wherein, the opportunity that cam goes to near-end is realized by the timing unit of control module, namely, in the set time after alignment sensor is left in cam orientation face, control the stopping of direct current generator, now the near-end of cam contacts with ratchet controlling rod.
The motor control method of intelligent transmission in 12. 1 kinds of claims 5: it is characterized in that: direct current generator adopts bidirectional rotation to control, and described direct current generator rotates towards positive and negative both direction;
Described direct current generator rotates forward, cam profile is rotated to far-end by near-end, ratchet controlling rod is depressed, make to be in free state between central gear and main shaft, when the locating face of cam touches alignment sensor, control signal is passed to control module, direct current generator stops, and be provided with projection at the far-end of cam, prevent cam from crossing transduction and cause ratchet controlling rod and again upspring;
When central gear and main shaft block by needs, control direct current generator to rotate toward opposite direction, cam profile suddenlys change to near-end by far-end, cam and ratchet controlling rod are contacted with cam near-end, ratchet controlling rod is upspring under the action of the spring fast, thus main shaft and central gear are blocked, wherein, the opportunity that cam goes to near-end is realized by the timing unit of control module, namely in the set time after alignment sensor is left in cam orientation face, control the stopping of direct current generator, now the near-end of cam contacts with ratchet controlling rod.
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| CN108266503B (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2023-11-24 | 广东洛梵狄智能科技有限公司 | Transmission device based on planetary gear train, internal transmission and speed change control method |
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| CN108769319A (en) * | 2018-06-08 | 2018-11-06 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | The method for changing speed and drive component of the anti-electromagnetic interference of slide assemblies |
| CN110406625A (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2019-11-05 | 上海钧正网络科技有限公司 | A kind of gear adjusting method, device, system, vehicle and electronic equipment |
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