CN105134299B - 适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机 - Google Patents

适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机 Download PDF

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CN105134299B
CN105134299B CN201510434392.7A CN201510434392A CN105134299B CN 105134299 B CN105134299 B CN 105134299B CN 201510434392 A CN201510434392 A CN 201510434392A CN 105134299 B CN105134299 B CN 105134299B
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舒歌群
石凌峰
田华
黄广岱
李晓雅
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Tianjin University
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    • F01C1/34—Rotary-piston machines or engines having the characteristics covered by two or more groups F01C1/02, F01C1/08, F01C1/22, F01C1/24 or having the characteristics covered by one of these groups together with some other type of movement between co-operating members having the movement defined in group F01C1/08 or F01C1/22 and relative reciprocation between the co-operating members
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Abstract

一种适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机，设置在气缸体内并径向设置有多数个滑片的转子，固定连接在转子中心的旋转轴，气缸体是由两个长半轴不相等而短半轴相等的半椭圆形结构对接而形成一体的环形结构，转子的外周面在气缸体的两个半椭圆形结构对接处能够旋转的与气缸体的内周面相切，转子的两侧与气缸体之间分别形成有用于低温级大流量、小膨胀比工质膨胀的低温级循环基元容积和用于高温级小流量、大膨胀比工质膨胀的高温级循环基元容积，气缸体的缸体壁上设置有与低温级循环基元容积相连通的第一进气口和第一排气口，以及与高温级循环基元容积相连通的第二进气口和第二排气口。本发明实现二级有机朗肯循环两种工质在一个膨胀机装置中做功。

Description

适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种流体膨胀机。特别是涉及一种用于内燃机余热利用的适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机
背景技术
内燃机余热回收中，有机朗肯循环因其效率高、适应性强、运行稳定等优势成为主要回收技术之一。为了进一步提高有机朗肯循环对于排气与缸套水的回收效率，采用二级有机朗肯循环成为一种有效途径，利用高温级有机朗肯循环适应高品位排气余热、品位降级后与低品位缸套水再去适应低温级有机朗肯循环。二级有机朗肯循环中，高低温级循环都需要膨胀机装置将流体能量转换成机械功，即存在一个高温级膨胀机与一个低温级膨胀机。在内燃机余热回收装置中，由于经常涉及移动式内燃机，因此小型化和轻量化成为回收装置的重大需求。回收装置中两个膨胀机的设计同时需要两套各自的润滑系统，密封系统，冷却系统，传动系统等膨胀机辅助系统，很大程度上增加了设备的复杂程度，不利于设备的小型化与轻量化。因此，提出用一个膨胀机装置来实现高低温级不同工质的膨胀做功过程，这种膨胀机可以称之为双工质膨胀机。一方面，双工质膨胀机可以实现不同工质在一个膨胀机装置中实现做功，从而只需要采用一套润滑系统，密封系统，冷却系统，传动系统等膨胀机辅助系统，有利于装置的小型化和轻量化；另一方面，高低温级的膨胀作用可以互补，在特定工况下高低温级存在一级膨胀过程动力不足情况下，仍能主要依靠另一级带动输出功率。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种能够使二级有机朗肯循环系统的高低温级膨胀机集成一体的适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机，包括有气缸体，设置在所述气缸体内并径向设置有多数个滑片的转子，固定连接在所述转子中心的旋转轴，所述气缸体是由两个长半轴不相等而短半轴相等的半椭圆形结构对接而形成一体的环形结构，所述的转子的外周面在气缸体的两个半椭圆形结构对接处能够旋转的与所述气缸体的内周面相切，所述的转子的两侧与所述的气缸体之间分别形成有用于低温级大流量、小膨胀比工质膨胀的低温级循环基元容积和用于高温级小流量、大膨胀比工质膨胀的高温级循环基元容积，所述的气缸体的缸体壁上设置有与低温级循环基元容积相连通的第一进气口和第一排气口，以及与高温级循环基元容积相连通的第二进气口和第二排气口。
所述的转子与所述的旋转轴之间是通过键结构而相互固定连接。
所述的转子上沿径向开有多数个滑槽，所述滑槽的开口位于所述转子的外周壁上，所述的滑片能沿径向自由滑动的插入到所述滑槽内。
所述的两个半椭圆形结构的型线方程分别为：
和
式中ρ为曲线的矢径，Φ为矢径的坐标极角，r1和r2为各圆弧部分的长半径，R1和R2分别为各圆弧部分的短半径。
所述第一进气口和第二进气口直径的大小与对应进入低温级循环基元容积和高温级循环基元容积的工质流量的大小成正比。
本发明的适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机，将二级有机朗肯循环的高低温级膨胀机装置集成一体，只需要一套润滑系统、密封系统、冷却系统，传动系统膨胀机辅助系统，以滑片式膨胀机的形式让两种工质于同一装置中同时膨胀做功，避免了原有的两个膨胀机装置以及两套辅助系统，可以有效地进行循环各部件的空间布置，减轻了余热回收装置的重量，降低了由于回收装置所产生的油耗增加。本发明实现二级有机朗肯循环两种工质在一个膨胀机装置中实现做功，有利于装置的小型化和轻量化。
附图说明
图1是本发明双工质膨胀机的整体结构示意图；
图2是本发明中气缸体的整体结构示意图；
图3是本发明中气缸体的正面结构示意图；
图4是本发明中转子的整体结构示意图。
图中：
1：转子 2：气缸体
3：滑槽 4：滑片
5：旋转轴 6：低温级循环基元容积
7：高温级循环基元容积 8：第一进气口
9：第一排气口 10：第二进气口
11：第二排气口 12：键结构
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图对本发明的适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机做出详细说明。
如图1、图2、图3所示，本发明的适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机，包括有气缸体2，设置在所述气缸体2内并径向设置有多数个滑片4的转子1，固定连接在所述转子1中心的旋转轴5，所述的转子1与所述的旋转轴5之间是通过键结构12而相互固定连接。所述气缸体2是由两个长半轴不相等而短半轴相等的半椭圆形结构对接而形成一体的环形结构。所述的两个半椭圆形结构的型线方程分别为：
和
式中ρ为曲线的矢径，Φ为矢径的坐标极角，r1和r2为各圆弧部分的长半径，R1和R2分别为各圆弧部分的短半径。
所述的转子1的外周面在气缸体2的两个半椭圆形结构对接处能够旋转的与所述气缸体2的内周面相切，所述的转子1的两侧与所述的气缸体2之间分别形成有月牙形的用于低温级大流量、小膨胀比工质膨胀的低温级循环基元容积6和用于高温级小流量、大膨胀比工质膨胀高温级循环基元容积7，所述的气缸体2的缸体壁上设置有与低温级循环基元容积6相连通的第一进气口8和第一排气口9，以及与高温级循环基元容积7相连通的第二进气口10和第二排气口11。所述第一进气口8和第二进气口10直径的大小与对应进入低温级循环基元容积6和高温级循环基元容积7的工质流量的大小成正比。所述的第一排气口9和第二排气口11的直径与对应进入低温级循环基元容积6和高温级循环基元容积7的工质流量的大小和膨胀比成正比。低温级循环基元容积6和高温级循环基元容积7中，容积变化率比较大的高温级循环基元容积7适应于膨胀比较大的流体，容积变化率比较小的低温级循环基元容积6，适应于膨胀比较小的流体。
对于二级有机朗肯循环较优工质对组合而言，高温级工质(如甲苯)具有小流量、大膨胀比的特点，而低温级工质(如R143a)具有大流量、小膨胀比的特点。因此，高温级工质通入第二进气口10经基元容积变化而膨胀后在第二排气口11排出，低温级工质通入第一进气口8经基元容积变化而膨胀后在第一排气口9排出。
如图4所示，所述的转子1上沿径向开有多数个滑槽3，所述滑槽3的开口位于所述转子1的外周壁上，所述的滑片4能沿径向自由滑动的插入到所述滑槽3内。当转子1旋转时，滑片4受离心力作用从滑槽3中甩出，滑片4的端部紧贴在气缸体2内表面上，将月牙形空间分割形成若干扇形小室的基元容积。
本发明的适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机，作为一种双工质膨胀装置，可具体用于移动式内燃机的二级有机朗肯循环中。在移动式内燃机余热装置空间有限的情况下，本发明可以将高低温级膨胀机装置集成一体，只需要一套润滑系统、密封系统、冷却系统，传动系统膨胀机辅助系统，避免了原有的两个膨胀机装置以及两套辅助系统，可以有效地进行循环各部件的空间布置，减轻了余热回收装置的重量，降低了由于回收装置所产生的油耗增加。例如，针对一台热源温度为470℃的柴油机，性能较好的高低温级工质对包括甲苯/R143a，环己烷/R143a等，均存在高温级工质小流量、大膨胀比的特点，而低温级工质大流量、小膨胀比的特点，本发明中气缸体两侧不同的型线设计以及两队不同进出口设计能很好适应这些特点，实现双工质在同一膨胀机中膨胀做功的过程。

Claims (5)

1.一种适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机，包括有气缸体(2)，设置在所述气缸体(2)内并径向设置有多数个滑片(4)的转子(1)，固定连接在所述转子(1)中心的旋转轴(5)，所述气缸体(2)是由两个长半轴不相等而短半轴相等的半椭圆形结构对接而形成一体的环形结构，所述的转子(1)的外周面在气缸体(2)的两个半椭圆形结构对接处能够旋转的与所述气缸体(2)的内周面相切，其特征在于，所述的转子(1)的两侧与所述的气缸体(2)之间分别形成有用于低温级大流量、小膨胀比工质膨胀的低温级循环基元容积(6)和用于高温级小流量、大膨胀比工质膨胀的高温级循环基元容积(7)，所述的气缸体(2)的缸体壁上设置有与低温级循环基元容积(6)相连通的第一进气口(8)和第一排气口(9)，以及与高温级循环基元容积(7)相连通的第二进气口(10)和第二排气口(11)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机，其特征在于，所述的转子(1)与所述的旋转轴(5)之间是通过键结构(12)而相互固定连接。
3.根据权利要求1所述的适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机，其特征在于，所述的转子(1)上沿径向开有多数个滑槽(3)，所述滑槽(3)的开口位于所述转子(1)的外周壁上，所述的滑片(4)能沿径向自由滑动的插入到所述滑槽(3)内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机，其特征在于，所述的两个半椭圆形结构的型线方程分别为：
和
式中ρ为曲线的矢径，Φ为矢径的坐标极角，r1和r2为各圆弧部分的长半径，R1和R2分别为各圆弧部分的短半径。
5.根据权利要求1所述的适用于二级有机朗肯循环的双工质膨胀机，其特征在于，所述第一进气口(8)和第二进气口(10)直径的大小与对应进入低温级循环基元容积(6)和高温级循环基元容积(7)的工质流量的大小成正比。
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