CN105134293A - Subway tunnel safety monitoring system and method based on optical fiber sensing - Google Patents
Subway tunnel safety monitoring system and method based on optical fiber sensing Download PDFInfo
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- CN105134293A CN105134293A CN201510545819.0A CN201510545819A CN105134293A CN 105134293 A CN105134293 A CN 105134293A CN 201510545819 A CN201510545819 A CN 201510545819A CN 105134293 A CN105134293 A CN 105134293A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a subway tunnel safety monitoring system and method based on optical fiber sensing. According to the scheme, optical fibers serve as dual media of sensing and transmission, optical cables laid along a subway tunnel wall serve as inductors, mechanical construction, excavation and other behaviors transferred through the subway tunnel wall are sensed, signals are restored through demodulation devices, vibration information transferred by a stratum structure is obtained, and possible threat behaviors, caused by construction behaviors surrounding the tunnels, to tunnels are found out. According to the scheme, through the optical cables laid along the subway tunnel wall, a passive subway tunnel information transmission channel is built, and the behaviors possibly threatening the subway tunnel structure safety due to building construction surrounding the subway tunnels are monitored in real time; besides, passive arrangement is adopted along the tunnels, no power supply is needed, reliability is high, interference resistance is good, the system and method are easy to achieve, and normal subway operation is not affected at all.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of optical fiber sensing, be specifically related to a kind of subway tunnel safety monitoring technology based on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques.
Background technology
The subway construction of China have passed through the development of more than ten years and has entered very crucial taking over from the past and setting a new course for the future the stage.On the one hand, through the High Speed Construction of more than ten years, Chinese each city underground has defined and has had hundreds of circuits, and operation mileage exceedes the bulky complex network of up to ten thousand kilometers.On the other hand, in subway construction operating practice, have accumulated rich experience, also have some lesson and problems simultaneously.In 10 years from now on, Chinese provinces and cities subway also will be built successively, and difficulty and the complexity of the safety management in its operation improve further.
And subway network safe operation institute's facing challenges and city are totally built with underground space development closely related.On the one hand, subway line will more and more intensive, environment become increasingly complex; On the other hand, the exploitation industry of urban infrastructure, surface structures and the underground space is more and more intensive, thus inevitably forms conflict.As near subway tunnel, even directly over, have all kinds of pile foundation construction, all kinds of boring and excavation operation, its structural safety of the serious threat subway tunnel such as vibration, intrusion formed and operation security.As Chinese Shanghai subway No. 11 line running tunnels run through by high ferro pile foundation construction, once formed destroy, the consequence brought is often very serious.Therefore must predict in advance, immediately protect, rapid countermeasure.
But outside countries in the world over the ground iron mould enclose interior may injure subway tunnel structure and operation security precognition technology and means research less.Japan adopts the means of management to carry out countermeasure often, and namely construction is front transfers to subway construction unit of operation to audit to likely involving the inherently safe engineering activity in tunnel, strict its may endanger structure of the subway of accounting, thus controls accordingly.And American-European countries once attempted adopting GPS, satellite to take a picture and the large area means such as to take photo by plane are monitored.But, due to problems such as cost is high, operation possibility is poor, effects, not yet have and formally used and popularize.
Optical fiber distribution type vibration real time monitoring is the study hotspot of sensing technology in recent years.Optical fiber distribution type vibration real time monitoring how is effectively utilized to be the problem that this area needs solution badly to the Real-Time Monitoring threatening the behavior of subway tunnel safety thus.
Summary of the invention
For the problem existing for existing subway tunnel structure and operation security monitoring technology, the object of the invention is to following 2 points:
Object 1, provides a kind of accurately reliable subway tunnel safety monitoring system.
Object 2, provides a kind of subway tunnel method for safety monitoring implemented based on above-mentioned monitoring system.
Optical fiber distribution type vibration measuring technology is used for the Real-Time Monitoring to threatening the behavior of subway tunnel safety by the present invention, utilize the abnormal vibrations of the optical fiber perception long-distance line shape structure laid continuously, the safe operation for subway provides practical and reliably technical support.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
For object 1: a kind of subway tunnel safety monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor, this monitoring system monitors subway tunnel safety using optical fiber as sensing element.
Further, described optical fiber is single-core fiber, as the dual media of sensing, transmission.
Further, described monitoring system specifically comprises: front end light processing module, monitoring optical fiber, tail end module and analysis and processing module, described front end light processing module is connected with tail end module by monitoring optical fiber, form fiber interference structure, described analysis and processing module is connected with front end light processing module, carry out analysis to the optical signal of fiber interference structure feedback to judge, realize security monitoring.
Further, described front end light processing module comprises light source module and intervention module, and described tail end module is reflecting module; Described light source module is connected with intervention module, and described intervention module is connected with reflecting module by monitoring optical fiber, and is connected with analysis and processing module.
Further, described light source module is LASER Light Source.
Further, described fiber optic interferometric module is made up of fiber delay line and X × Y coupler, L × M coupler, and X, Y are integer, and L, M are integer.
Further, described monitoring optical fiber is laid in tunnel to be monitored tube wall, as the inductor of obtaining information and the passage of the information of transmission.
Further, described analysis and processing module mainly comprises detection and amplification module, Data collection and signal analysis module, described detection connects with the intervention module in the light processing module of front end with the input of amplification module, and output connects with Data collection and signal analysis module data.
For object 2: the subway tunnel method for safety monitoring carried out based on above-mentioned subway tunnel safety monitoring system, this method for supervising is at the optical cable established along subway tunnel wall cloth, as the induction unit of safety monitoring and the passage of the information of transmission, monitor in real time threatening the behavior of subway tunnel structure safety.
Further, fiber optic interferometric light path is built, for detection and the analysis of signal based on optical cable in described method for safety monitoring.
Further, when any position on optical cable senses the vibration signal transmitted by tunnel wall, due to photoelastic effect, optical fiber can produce micro-change, and the phase place of the light of oscillation point transmission can change, and namely realizes the modulation of signal;
The change of phase place is converted to the change of light intensity by fiber optic interferometric light path, forms the interference of light, and returns the optical signal of two-way interference;
Then analyse and compare to the optical signal of interference, the vibration signal filtering brought by environmental disturbances factor, the behavior signal that may there is threat carries out alarm, and passes through the light path comparison of two paths of signals, the generation position of pinpoint threat behavior.
This programme utilizes single-core fiber as the dual media of sensing, transmission, using the optical cable established along subway tunnel wall cloth as inductor, respond to the behavior such as mechanical execution, excavation of being transmitted by subway tunnel wall, by demodulated equipment recovering signal, obtain the vibration information that earth formation transmits, find because some construction behaviors of tunnel perimeter, the threat behavior that may cause tunnel.
Accordingly, can realize may to the real-time monitoring behavior threatening subway tunnel structure safety to the building operations of subway tunnel perimeter for this programme.
Moreover this programme lay along tunnel whole be passive, without the need to power supply, reliability is high, and anti-interference is good, is easy to realize, with normal metro operation completely without affecting.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Fig. 1 is the laying schematic diagram of monitoring system in example of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the systematic schematic diagram of monitoring system in example of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
The technological means realized to make the present invention, creation characteristic, reaching object and effect is easy to understand, below in conjunction with concrete diagram, setting forth the present invention further.
This example has destructiveness for subway tunnel, and the engineering construction behavior of harm safety of subway operation, provides a kind of optical fiber distributed type subway tunnel safety monitoring technology.This technology is with the core jointed fiber laid along tunnel for sensing element detects the vibration of tunnelling conduction, and be a kind of distributed sensing technology, on continuous print optical fiber, every bit all has sensing capability; By the structure of fiber optic interferometric light path, and acquisition of signal and analytical technology, the generation of Real-Time Monitoring harm metro safety behavior, and the position of locating that dangerous act occurs.
For above-mentioned principle, the actualizing technology point of this example approach is as follows:
1, photoelastic effect.
When have the external world thanks for your hospitality action be used on optical fiber time, optical transmission properties such as causing the length of optical fiber and refractive index is changed, thus causes the change of transmission light phase place in induction optical fiber.Here it is ubiquitous " photoelastic effect ", also cries " elasto-optical effect ".Owing to acting on the inotropic action on cable jacket, the transmission of optical cable medium, acts on the optical fiber in optical cable with indirect pressure, acoustic pressure etc., namely produce pressure effect to optical fiber, due to photoelastic effect, the pressure experienced is changed into the change of the phase place of the light in inside of optical fibre transmission by optical fiber.Due in optical fiber; the carrier of signal transmission is light; light wave frequency is very high; wavelength is very short, normally micron dimension, therefore; although the protective sleeve of optical cable has certain hardness and toughness; make the transmission through optical cable medium, the pressure be applied on internal optical fiber is small macroscopic view, but has been highly significant for the light wave that wavelength is only micron dimension.The change of this change " significantly ", by corresponding technological means, restores by this example, thus obtain a kind of direct optical fiber as sensing device, seek track technology based on the optical cable of photoelastic effect.
2, optical interference circuit is built.
For optical phase information change detection that the micro-pressure signal of change is caused out, this example is by structure fiber optic interferometric light path.Interference structure is made up of jointly fiber optic interferometric module and optical cable to be sought (optical fiber), and by optical cable inner fiber to be sought self back scattering, reflection characteristic or realize complete optical interference circuit at the reflection device that the optical cable other end artificially connects.
Wherein, intervention module is made up of fiber delay line and X × Y coupler, L × M coupler, and X, Y are integer, and L, M are integer, and the delay of fiber delay line is τ.
Concrete, in intervention module, X × Y coupler adopts 3 × 3 equal branch/couplers, and L × M coupler adopts 2 × 2 couplers.A1, a2 ..., aX, b1, b2 be the port of 3 × 3 equal branch/couplers, a1, a2 ..., aX is port in the same way, X altogether, b1, b2 are that another of 3 × 3 equal branch/couplers organizes two ports altogether in Y of port in the same way; C1, c2, c3 are L × M couplers.
Accordingly, relate to module can form two-way optical interference circuit based on this, its concrete light path following (wherein representing the path of light process with arrow direction):
I: port b1 → optical fiber delay module → port c1 → port c3 → sensing/transmission cable → reflecting module → sensing/transmission cable → port c3 → port c2 → port b2;
II: port b2 → port c2 → port c3 → sensing/transmission cable → reflecting module → sensing/transmission cable → port c1 → port c1 → optical fiber delay module → port b1;
3, the design of stabilized light source.
The luminescence of light source control module to light source controls, and is the guarantee obtaining stable operation wavelength and power, is the critical component obtaining little system noise.The wherein drive current of light source and the stability of temperature.Light source is the energy source of whole system work, and the degree of stability of its watt level and wavelength, power directly affects noise and the stability of pickup system.Meanwhile, because voice pick device can need long-time non-stop run, high requirement be it is also proposed to the stability of light source.Whether light source light spectrum characteristic also can the key of excellent system.This technology adopts the white light source that universality is strong, and by APC (automated power control), ATC (automatic temperature-adjusting control) obtains stable light source.
4, opto-electronic conversion and signal transacting.
In this example, two-way optical interference signals is obtained.This two paths of signals is transformed into after the signal of telecommunication through electrooptical device, carries out the process such as filtering, amplification to the signal of telecommunication.Because foreign impacts signal is by the propagation of tunnel body medium, the signal arriving optical fiber place is very faint, obtain effectively available signal, requires that opto-electronic conversion and subsequent processing section want distortionless conversion and amplifying optical signals, and ensures high signal to noise ratio.
5, the laying mode of Fibre Optical Sensor.
In subway tunnel, owing to wanting subway train operating safety, so the installation position of cable will be restricted to permanent position.Optical cable laying is made by most reasonable manner the vibration experiencing tunnel that optical cable can be sensitive by limited position in tunnel.Usually, subway tunnel also exists strong electromagnetic.Because optical fiber itself is not easily by electromagnetic interference, the laying of optical fiber in subway tunnel by the impact of electromagnetic interference in subway, without the need to adopting special anti-electromagnetic technique, does not have fabulous effect relative to the Detection Techniques based on active sensor unit.
6, the pattern-recognition of vibration signal.
The pattern-recognition of vibration signal is the key of this example approach, in subway tunnel, there is numerous vibration signal every day, and not all signal all has danger, and the signal of collection is classified by this example, dangerous vibration signal can be judged accordingly accurately, reduce wrong report and the rate of failing to report of system.
Based on such scheme principle, the subway tunnel safety monitoring system that this example provides specifically comprises: front end light processing module 100, monitoring optical fiber 200, tail end module 300, analysis and processing unit 400 (see Fig. 2).
Wherein, monitoring optical fiber 200 is established along subway tunnel wall cloth, as the inductor of safety monitoring and the passage of the information of transmission, and front end light processing module 100 is connected with tail end module 300 by monitoring optical fiber 200, form fiber interference structure, utilize monitoring optical fiber 200 to the detection of the rock noise vibration signal transmitted by tunnel wall thus, the destruction that the mechanical shock amount that the damage from third-party behavior such as the construction of detection tunnel perimeter, machinery excavation, explosion brings may cause tunnel tube wall.
Analysis and processing unit 400 is connected with front end light processing module 100, carries out analysis and judges, to the mechanical behavior of safety of subway operation may be threatened to carry out alarm, realize safety monitoring to the detection optical signal of fiber interference structure feedback.
See Fig. 2, when specific implementation, front end light processing module 100 is made up of light source module 101, intervention module 102 cooperation.
Monitoring optical fiber 200 is specially for sensing and transmits the optical cable united two into one.
Tail end module 300 is a reflecting module.
Analysis and processing unit 400 mainly comprises detection and amplification module 401 and Data collection and signal analysis module 402.As required, it also comprises system support module 403 and shows and administration module 404.
Wherein, light source module 101 specifically adopts LASER Light Source, and itself and intervention module 102 connect and compose front end light processing module 100, and are arranged on tunnel tube wall.
Intervention module 102 is arranged on tunnel tube wall, is the passive intervention module in the front end be made up of optical device, forms fiber interference structure, and it is connected with amplification module 401 and Data collection and signal analysis module 402 with detection successively.
Monitoring optical cable 200 is arranged along subway tunnel tube wall, as the inductor of obtaining information and the passage of the information of transmission.Its two ends connect intervention module 102 and reflecting module 300 respectively, form fiber optic interferometric light path thus.
Reflecting module 300, it is arranged on tunnel tube wall, for reflecting the optical signal transmitted in monitoring optical cable 200.
Detect and amplification module 401, its input connects with intervention module 102 data, and output connects with Data collection and signal analysis module 402 data.This module for extracting the interference light signal on optical cable, and is amplified it, and the optical signal after amplifying is reached Data collection and signal analysis module 402.
Data collection and signal analysis module 402, it connects with amplification module 401 data with detection, amplifies rear optical signal for acquisition testing and amplification module 401, and is carried out opto-electronic conversion and form the corresponding signal of telecommunication, and carries out security auditing.
System support module 403, it runs in computer, and component analysis processing unit 400 runs required system environments.
Corresponding data, for showing data acquisition and signal analyse block 402 analysis result and manage, are carried out showing and storing in the server by display and administration module 404 in the display.
The safety monitoring system formed accordingly, to monitor optical cable 200 as passive inductor, responds to the vibration information transmitted by tunnel tube wall, when the vibration information transmitted changes in optical cable the phase place of the light transmitted, polarization, light intensity or frequency etc.; To the signal extraction of optical cable be put on out by intervention module 102, detection and amplification module 401, by Data collection and signal analysis module 402, the signal obtained is analyzed, thus do not form destructive vibration signal filtering by navigate in the ambient vibration information of metro operation, surface car, river course etc., thus alarm is carried out to disruptive behavior.
Concrete, during safety supervisory control system running, LASER Light Source as light source module 101 inputs a road light from fiber optic interferometric module 102, and after this road light walks to tail end reflecting module 300 along the optical cable 200 that sensing is transmitted, optical signal is back to intervention module 102 by reflecting module 300 again.
When any position on optical cable senses the vibration signal transmitted by tunnel wall, due to photoelastic effect, optical fiber can produce micro-change, and the phase place of the light of oscillation point transmission can change, and namely realizes the modulation of signal.
Now, the change of phase place is converted to the change of light intensity by fiber optic interferometric light path, the light returned interferes at intervention module 102 place, return to detection and amplification module 401 two ways of optical signals again, by Data collection and signal analysis module 402, relevant two-way light is analysed and compared, thus the vibration signal filtering that environmental disturbances factor is brought, the behavior signal that may there is threat carries out alarm, and pass through the light path comparison of two paths of signals, the generation position of pinpoint threat behavior.
More than show and describe general principle of the present invention, principal character and advantage of the present invention.The technician of the industry should understand; the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; what describe in above-described embodiment and manual just illustrates principle of the present invention; without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; the present invention also has various changes and modifications, and these changes and improvements all fall in the claimed scope of the invention.Application claims protection domain is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (11)
1. based on a subway tunnel safety monitoring system for Fibre Optical Sensor, it is characterized in that, monitoring system monitors subway tunnel safety using optical fiber as sensing element.
2. a kind of subway tunnel safety monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described optical fiber is single-core fiber, as the dual media of sensing, transmission.
3. a kind of subway tunnel safety monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described monitoring system specifically comprises: front end light processing module, monitoring optical fiber, tail end module and analysis and processing module, described front end light processing module is connected with tail end module by monitoring optical fiber, form fiber interference structure, described analysis and processing module is connected with front end light processing module, carry out analysis to the optical signal of fiber interference structure feedback to judge, realize security monitoring.
4. a kind of subway tunnel safety monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 3, is characterized in that, described front end light processing module comprises light source module and intervention module, and described tail end module is reflecting module; Described light source module is connected with intervention module, and described intervention module is connected with reflecting module by monitoring optical fiber, and is connected with analysis and processing module.
5. a kind of subway tunnel safety monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described light source module is LASER Light Source.
6. a kind of subway tunnel safety monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described fiber optic interferometric module is made up of fiber delay line and X × Y coupler, L × M coupler, and X, Y are integer, and L, M are integer.
7. a kind of subway tunnel safety monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described monitoring optical fiber is laid in tunnel to be monitored tube wall, as the inductor of obtaining information and the passage of the information of transmission.
8. a kind of subway tunnel safety monitoring system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described analysis and processing module mainly comprises detection and amplification module, Data collection and signal analysis module, described detection connects with the intervention module in the light processing module of front end with the input of amplification module, and output connects with Data collection and signal analysis module data.
9. the subway tunnel method for safety monitoring based on Fibre Optical Sensor, it is characterized in that, described method for supervising, at the optical cable established along subway tunnel wall cloth, as the induction unit of safety monitoring and the passage of the information of transmission, is monitored threatening the behavior of subway tunnel structure safety in real time.
10. a kind of subway tunnel method for safety monitoring based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 9, is characterized in that, builds fiber optic interferometric light path, for detection and the analysis of signal in described method for safety monitoring based on optical cable.
11. a kind of subway tunnel method for safety monitoring based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 10, it is characterized in that, when any position on optical cable senses the vibration signal transmitted by tunnel wall, due to photoelastic effect, optical fiber can produce micro-change, the phase place of the light of oscillation point transmission can change, and namely realizes the modulation of signal;
The change of phase place is converted to the change of light intensity by fiber optic interferometric light path, forms the interference of light, and returns the optical signal of two-way interference;
Then analyse and compare to the optical signal of interference, the vibration signal filtering brought by environmental disturbances factor, the behavior signal that may there is threat carries out alarm, and passes through the light path comparison of two paths of signals, the generation position of pinpoint threat behavior.
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| CN106500821A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-03-15 | 上海复旦智能监控成套设备有限公司 | A kind of distribution type fiber-optic gas pipeline safety monitoring method and system |
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| CN108468950A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-08-31 | 钦州学院 | A kind of natural gas standpipe early warning system and method for early warning based on Fibre Optical Sensor |
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| CN112781711A (en) * | 2020-12-18 | 2021-05-11 | 武汉理工大学 | Subway upper drilling equipment intrusion positioning alarm method based on optical fiber vibration sensing |
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