CN105133555A - Step type and spiral reverse rotation bottom sill type combined energy dissipation facility and energy dissipation method - Google Patents
Step type and spiral reverse rotation bottom sill type combined energy dissipation facility and energy dissipation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105133555A CN105133555A CN201510629037.5A CN201510629037A CN105133555A CN 105133555 A CN105133555 A CN 105133555A CN 201510629037 A CN201510629037 A CN 201510629037A CN 105133555 A CN105133555 A CN 105133555A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a step type and spiral reverse rotation bottom sill type combined energy dissipation facility and an energy dissipation method and relates to the technical field of dam flood discharge and energy dissipation. A step type and spiral reverse rotation bottom sill type combined energy dissipation facility body comprises an overflow weir, a step structure, a spiral impeller structure and a plunge pool; the step structure comprises multiple step units and is fixed on a straight line section of the overflow weir, and each step unit comprises a step curved surface, a step vertical surface and pier structures; the spiral impeller structure comprises multiple double-spiral impeller units, and each double-spiral impeller unit comprises impellers, rotating shafts, ball bearings and fixing parts; the spiral impeller structure is fixed on a reverse curve section of the overflow weir through a base. The step structure and the spiral impeller structure are assembled on the overflow weir, the energy dissipation mode of the overflow weir is improved, higher energy dissipation and erosion control efficiency and prominent engineering practical value are realized, and the application prospect is broad.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dam flood-discharge energy-dissipating tech field, particularly a kind of staged-spiral reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility and energy dissipating method.
Background technology
Along with the development that Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering is built, with narrow river valley, high water head and large discharge etc. for the outlet structure escape works high-velocity flow problem of feature is particularly outstanding, dissipation and scouring is a difficult problem urgently to be resolved hurrily in Hydraulic Engineering Design always.In order to the huge kinetic energy of the stream that sluices under cutting down reservoir area, realize the linking of reservoir area and downstream river course upstream and downstream current, outlet structure escape works need to take effective energy dissipater.Traditional Energy Dissipation Modes has disspation through hydraudic jimp, flip trajectory bucket and surface current (or bailing bucket stream) energy dissipating etc., and these Energy Dissipation Modes are in the construction of Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering and played huge effect in running.Along with the development of construction scale of projects, consider the feature of the energy dissipater of traditional form in engineering application and the limitation of existence, as disspation through hydraudic jimp needs longer protection-apron in downstream, earthwork evacuation and concrete square amount are comparatively large, and construction costs is higher simultaneously; Single flip trajectory bucket usually can produce strong atomization, affects engineering safety and downstream environment; Surface current (or bailing bucket stream) energy dissipating causes the not steady of streamflow in the longer distance range in downstream, affects power station and runs and Downstream Navigation.
Relative to traditional flood-discharge energy-dissipating mode, ladder (step) formula energy dissipater low cost, easy construction that developed recently gets up, be easy to maintenance, particularly along with the rise of RCCD (Roller Compacted Concrete Dam) (RCC) technology, ladder energy dissipater obtains to be applied widely.But ladder energy dissipater is applicable to the less (q≤60m of discharge per unit width more
2/ s) situation.When discharge per unit width increases, when the depth of water on cascaded surface increases, aeration point will be vacillated dynamic widely downwards, in the certain limit of ladder the initial segment, cause energy dissipating efficiency to weaken, and cause the serious cavitation erosion of structure.Therefore, ladder energy dissipater still has pending bodily form optimization, increases its applicability to large discharge, improves energy dissipating efficiency.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of staged-spiral and reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility and energy dissipating method thereof, overcome the technical deficiency of existing ladder energy dissipater, enable it keep higher energy dissipating efficiency in the situation that discharge per unit width is larger, meet the needs of hydraulic engineering at energy dissipating and secure context.
Technical scheme: the present invention solves staged-spiral reverse rotation end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility that its technical problem adopts, and comprises overflow weir, hierarchic structure, helical runner structure and cushion pool.
Described overflow weir and dam connect as one, and overflow weir is made up of segmental arc, straightway, ogee section, and the water inlet of overflow weir is connected with the reservoir of upstream, and the delivery port of overflow weir is positioned at above cushion pool, and cushion pool connects with downstream river course.
Described hierarchic structure is made up of some ladder unit, hierarchic structure is fixed on the straightway of overflow weir, each ladder unit is made up of ladder curved surface, ladder vertical plane and pier structure, each ladder curved surface and overflow weir, adjacent ladder vertical plane are connected and fixed, and each ladder vertical plane is also connected and fixed with overflow weir.
Described helical runner structure is made up of some double-helix impeller unit, each double-helix impeller unit is made up of axis of rotation, impeller, ball bearing and fixture, impeller is fixedly connected with axis of rotation, the two ends of axis of rotation are nested in the inner ring of ball bearing, the outer ring of ball bearing is connected and fixed on base by fixture, and helical runner structure is fixed on the ogee section initiating terminal of overflow weir by base.
In the present invention, described pier structure is fixed on described ladder curved surface, pier structure is irregular cylinder, the side of pier structure is made up of a rectangular surfaces and two symmetrical curved surfaces, rectangular surfaces is near described ladder vertical plane and be parallel to ladder vertical plane, the upper bottom surface of pier structure is plane, and bottom surface is the curved surface identical with ladder curvature of curved surface.Described pier structure arranges by uniform distances on same ladder curved surface, layout interlaced with each other on adjacent two ladder curved surfaces.
In the present invention, two axis of rotation in described double-helix impeller unit are in same clinoplain, and between axis of rotation, angle is 30 °-40 °, and disjunct in top " acute angle ", the direction of angular bisector is contrary with water (flow) direction.
As preferably, described ladder curved surface is the concave curvatures that outer rim upwarps, and can increase the coefficient of friction resistance of hierarchic structure, has the additional function to current flip shot, increases the probability of colliding and liquidating between bottom water flow and surperficial current.
As preferably, described impeller spiral winding is fixed on axis of rotation, and the blade of impeller is turbo blade, can increase the moment of impeller, improves the rotating speed of double-helix impeller unit.
As preferably, the upper end of described fixture is semicircular ring, lower end is rectangle.
Technical scheme provided by the invention also comprises the energy dissipating method that staged-spiral reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility, comprises the steps:
1., after the reservoir level rise of reservoir exceedes the weir crest of overflow weir, flood covers rapidly under overflow weir starts and lets out; When high-velocity flow flows through the straightway of overflow weir, be subject to the strong frictional resistance of hierarchic structure, the ladder curved surface that several outer rims upwarp is by outer for current direction flip shot, be subject to obstruction and the shunting of several pier structures simultaneously, make the process that current experience a series of flip shot, stream, collide and splash, thus realize staged energy dissipating, consume part energy;
2. when high-velocity flow flows through overflow weir ogee section initiating terminal, rush at helical runner structure rapidly, the blade of water impact impeller, two axis of rotation of double-helix impeller unit are driven to reversely rotate, the impeller rotated drives ambient water rotate and liquidate, and simultaneously current are subject to the stop of helical runner structure, current are experienced a series ofly to liquidate, eddy flow, rolling, injection and splashing process, thus realize spiral reverse rotation end bank formula energy dissipating, consume another part energy;
3. when current flow through the ogee section end of overflow weir, under effect of inertia, there is flip shot, make current and air blending, then fall into cushion pool, in cushion pool, form the rolling current that turbulent fluctuation is violent, thus realize energy dissipation by aeration and plunge pool;
4. from current and the downstream river course natural sparse model of cushion pool outflow, can ensure that downstream river course is not washed destruction;
According to above-mentioned energy dissipating step, the dissipation and scouring efficiency of overflow weir can be improved.
Beneficial effect: staged of the present invention-spiral reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility and energy dissipating method thereof, has following beneficial effect:
(1) concave curvatures that the ladder curved surface in the present invention adopts outer rim to upwarp, the coefficient of friction resistance of hierarchic structure can not only be increased, and the flip shot function of overflow weir straightway bottom water flow can be strengthened, the probability of mutually colliding between the bottom water flow of overflow weir straightway and surperficial current and liquidating is increased greatly.
(2) hierarchic structure in the present invention is laid several pier structures, pier structure is irregular cylinder, the side of pier structure is made up of a rectangular surfaces and two symmetrical curved surfaces, the rectangular surfaces of pier structure is near adjacent ladder vertical plane and be parallel to ladder vertical plane, rectangular surfaces adds the towrope resistance of pier structure, add the local losses of current, thus enhance the effect of energy dissipation of hierarchic structure.Two symmetroids of pier structure make current stream at same pier structure tip to liquidate, spread between the pier structure that same ladder unit is adjacent, the turbulent fluctuation enhancing of current, thus improve the effect of energy dissipation of hierarchic structure.Pier structure is layout interlaced with each other on adjacent two ladder curved surfaces, and interlaced arrangement mode makes the continuous bending of current, adds the linear loss of current, further enhancing the effect of energy dissipation of hierarchic structure.
(3) the double-helix impeller unit in the present invention, when water impact impeller, forms the current that two strands of spirals reversely rotate, and adds the process that ambient water rotates and liquidates, and has the remarkable result rotating energy dissipating.Meanwhile, the current between different double-helix impeller unit are subject to the shear inference of rotary water current, and a series of eddy flow, rolling, injection and splashing can occur, and drastically increase energy dissipating efficiency.
(4) the helical runner structure in the present invention is made up of some double-helix impeller unit, and helical runner structure is fixed on the ogee section initiating terminal of overflow weir by base.Base not only has the function of fixing helical runner structure, and has the function of protection overflow weir ogee section protection against erosion.Helical runner structural configuration is at the ogee section initiating terminal of overflow weir, entirety has toe pier (a kind of its supplementary devices in absorption basin, the pier shape of building absorption basin import slope section toe in assists energy-disspating) effect, can realize spiral reversely rotate the end bank formula effect of energy dissipation.
(5) cushion pool in the present invention can avoid the flip shot current of overflow weir ogee section directly to fall into bed scour dam site ground, current are violent rolling and splashing in cushion pool, can consume high-velocity flow and reversely rotate the most of complementary energy after end bank formula energy dissipating through staged energy dissipating and spiral.
(6) staged in the present invention-spiral reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility on conventional outflow weir, devises hierarchic structure and helical runner structure, improve the Energy Dissipation Modes of overflow weir, to raising flood-discharge energy-dissipating efficiency, alleviate scouring before dam destructiveness etc. there is remarkable effect, there is higher dissipation and scouring efficiency and outstanding engineering practical value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that staged of the present invention-spiral reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility;
Fig. 2 is the hierarchic structure schematic diagram in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the ladder cell schematics in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the helical runner structural representation in Fig. 1;
Fig. 5 is the double-helix impeller cell schematics in Fig. 4.
In figure: 1-reservoir; 2-dam; 3-overflow weir; 31-water inlet; 32-delivery port; 33-segmental arc; 34-straightway; 35-ogee section; 4-hierarchic structure; 40-ladder unit; 41-ladder curved surface; 42-ladder vertical plane; 43-pier structure; 5-helical runner structure; 50-double-helix impeller unit; 51-base; 52-axis of rotation; 53-impeller; 54-ball bearing; 55-fixture; 6-cushion pool; 7-downstream river course.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is further described.
Embodiment:
As Figure 1-Figure 5, staged of the present invention-spiral reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility structure, main body comprises overflow weir 3, hierarchic structure 4, helical runner structure 5 and cushion pool 6, and overflow weir 3 and dam 2 connect as one, and cushion pool 6 connects with downstream river course 7.
As shown in Figure 1, overflow weir 3 is made up of segmental arc 33, straightway 34, ogee section 35, and the water inlet 31 of overflow weir 3 is connected with the reservoir 1 of upstream, and the delivery port 32 of overflow weir 3 is positioned at above cushion pool 6.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, hierarchic structure 4 is made up of eight ladder unit 40, hierarchic structure 4 is fixed on the straightway 34 of overflow weir 3, each ladder unit 40 is made up of ladder curved surface 41, ladder vertical plane 42 and pier structure 43, each ladder curved surface 41 is connected and fixed with overflow weir 3, adjacent ladder vertical plane 42, each ladder vertical plane 42 is also connected and fixed with overflow weir 3, the concave curvatures that ladder curved surface 41 upwarps for outer rim.Pier structure 43 is fixed on ladder curved surface 41, and pier structure 43 arranges by uniform distances on same ladder curved surface 41, layout interlaced with each other on adjacent two ladder curved surfaces 41.Pier structure 43 profile is irregular cylinder, and the side of cylinder is a rectangular surfaces and two symmetrical curved surfaces, and upper bottom surface is plane, and bottom surface is the curved surface identical with ladder curved surface 41 curvature.Rectangular surfaces is near ladder vertical plane 42 and be parallel to ladder vertical plane 42, and rectangular surfaces increases the towrope resistance of pier structure 43, increases the local losses of current.Two symmetroids strengthen the turbulent fluctuation of current, and current occur strongly to stream at same pier structure 43 tip and liquidate, significantly diffusion occurs between the pier structure 43 that same ladder unit is adjacent.
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 4 and Figure 5, helical runner structure 5 is made up of three double-helix impeller unit 50, each double-helix impeller unit 50 is made up of axis of rotation 52, impeller 53, ball bearing 54 and fixture 55, impeller 53 spiral winding is fixedly connected on axis of rotation 52, and the blade of impeller 53 is turbo blade.The two ends of axis of rotation 52 are nested in the inner ring of ball bearing 54, and the outer ring of ball bearing 54 is connected and fixed on base 51 by fixture 55, and the upper end of fixture 55 is semicircular ring, lower end is rectangle.Helical runner structure 5 is fixed on ogee section 35 initiating terminal of overflow weir 3 by base 51.Two axis of rotation 52 in double-helix impeller unit 50 are in same clinoplain, and between axis of rotation 52, angle is 30 °-40 °, and disjunct in top " acute angle ", the direction of angular bisector is contrary with water (flow) direction.
In the present embodiment, after the reservoir level rise of reservoir 1 exceedes the weir crest of overflow weir 3, flood covers rapidly under overflow weir 3 starts and lets out; When high-velocity flow flows through the straightway 34 of overflow weir 3, be subject to the strong frictional resistance of hierarchic structure semi-finals, the ladder curved surface 41 that eight outer rims upwarp is by outer for current direction flip shot, occur between straightway 34 bottom water flow of overflow weir 3 and surperficial current mutually to collide consumingly and liquidate, be subject to obstruction and the shunting of 36 pier structures 43 simultaneously, the process that current experience a series of flip shot, stream, collide and splash, realizes staged energy dissipating.
In the present embodiment, when high-velocity flow flows through overflow weir 3 ogee section 35 initiating terminal, rush at helical runner structure 5 rapidly, the blade of water impact impeller 53, drive two axis of rotation 52 of double-helix impeller unit 50 to reversely rotate, the impeller 53 of rotation drives ambient water rotate and liquidate, and current are subject to the stop of helical runner structure 5 simultaneously, current experience a series ofly liquidates, eddy flow, rolling, injection and splashing process, realize spiral and reversely rotate end bank formula energy dissipating.
In the present embodiment, when current flow through ogee section 35 end of overflow weir 3, under effect of inertia, flip shot occurs, current and air blending, then fall into cushion pool 6, forms the rolling current that turbulent fluctuation is violent, realize energy dissipation by aeration and plunge pool in cushion pool 6.
In the present embodiment, from current and downstream river course 7 natural sparse model of cushion pool 6 outflow.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; be noted that for those skilled in the art; under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. staged-spiral reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility, comprises overflow weir (3), hierarchic structure (4), helical runner structure (5) and cushion pool (6), it is characterized in that:
Described overflow weir (3) and dam (2) connect as one, overflow weir (3) is made up of segmental arc (33), straightway (34), ogee section (35), the water inlet (31) of overflow weir (3) is connected with the reservoir (1) of upstream, the delivery port (32) of overflow weir (3) is positioned at cushion pool (6) top, and cushion pool (6) connects with downstream river course (7);
Described hierarchic structure (4) is made up of some ladder unit (40), hierarchic structure (4) is fixed on the straightway (34) of overflow weir (3), each ladder unit (40) is made up of ladder curved surface (41), ladder vertical plane (42) and pier structure (43), each ladder curved surface (41) and overflow weir (3), adjacent ladder vertical plane (42) are connected and fixed, and each ladder vertical plane (42) is also connected and fixed with overflow weir (3);
Described helical runner structure (5) is made up of some double-helix impeller unit (50), each double-helix impeller unit (50) is by axis of rotation (52), impeller (53), ball bearing (54) and fixture (55) composition, impeller (53) is fixedly connected with axis of rotation (52), the two ends of axis of rotation (52) are nested in the inner ring of ball bearing (54), the outer ring of ball bearing (54) is connected and fixed on base (51) by fixture (55), helical runner structure (5) is fixed on ogee section (35) initiating terminal of overflow weir (3) by base (51).
2. staged according to claim 1-spiral reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility, it is characterized in that: the concave curvatures that described ladder curved surface (41) upwarps for outer rim.
3. staged according to claim 1-spiral reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility, it is characterized in that: described pier structure (43) is fixed on described ladder curved surface (41), pier structure (43) is irregular cylinder, the side of pier structure (43) is made up of a rectangular surfaces and two symmetrical curved surfaces, rectangular surfaces is near described ladder vertical plane (42) and be parallel to ladder vertical plane (42), the upper bottom surface of pier structure (43) is plane, and bottom surface is the curved surface identical with ladder curved surface (41) curvature; Described pier structure (43) is upper by uniform distances arrangement, in the upper layout interlaced with each other of adjacent two ladder curved surfaces (41) same ladder curved surface (41).
4. staged according to claim 1-spiral reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility, it is characterized in that: two axis of rotation (52) in described double-helix impeller unit (50) are in same clinoplain, between axis of rotation (52), angle is 30 °-40 °, disjunct in top " acute angle ", the direction of angular bisector is contrary with water (flow) direction.
5. staged according to claim 1-spiral reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility, it is characterized in that: described impeller (53) spiral winding is fixed on axis of rotation (52), the blade of impeller (53) is turbo blade.
6. staged according to claim 1-spiral reversely rotates end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility, it is characterized in that: the upper end of described fixture (55) is semicircular ring, lower end is rectangle.
7. reversely rotate an energy dissipating method for end bank formula combined energy dissipation facility based on the staged described in claim 1-6-spiral, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
1., after the reservoir level rise of reservoir (1) exceedes the weir crest of overflow weir (3), flood covers rapidly under overflow weir (3) starts and lets out; When high-velocity flow flows through straightway (34) of overflow weir (3), be subject to the strong frictional resistance of hierarchic structure (4), the ladder curved surface (41) that several outer rims upwarp is by outer for current direction flip shot, be subject to obstruction and the shunting of several pier structures (43) simultaneously, make the process that current experience a series of flip shot, stream, collide and splash, thus realize staged energy dissipating, consume part energy;
2. when high-velocity flow flows through overflow weir (3) ogee section (35) initiating terminal, rush at helical runner structure (5) rapidly, the blade of water impact impeller (53), two axis of rotation (52) of double-helix impeller unit (50) are driven to reversely rotate, the impeller (53) rotated drives ambient water rotate and liquidate, current are subject to the stop of helical runner structure (5) simultaneously, current are made to experience a series of liquidating, eddy flow, rolling, the process of spraying and splashing, thus realize spiral reverse rotation end bank formula energy dissipating, consume another part energy,
3. when current flow through ogee section (35) end of overflow weir (3), flip shot is there is under effect of inertia, make current and air blending, then fall into cushion pool (6), in cushion pool (6), form the violent rolling current of turbulent fluctuation, thus realize energy dissipation by aeration and plunge pool;
4. the current flowed out from cushion pool (6) and downstream river course (7) natural sparse model, can ensure that downstream river course is not washed destruction;
According to above-mentioned energy dissipating step, the dissipation and scouring efficiency of overflow weir (3) can be improved.
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| CN105679167A (en) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-06-15 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Novel debris flow provenance dam break experiment water tank device and realization method thereof |
| CN107700439A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-16 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of overfall dam chosen bank and novel transition step and combined |
| CN108589669A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-09-28 | 四川大学 | The method for reducing tunnel flood discharge fog precipitation amount using air curtain |
| CN109610355A (en) * | 2019-01-16 | 2019-04-12 | 河海大学 | A kind of guarantee urban rainwater pumping plant expansion type water outlet box culvert goes out to flow uniform method |
| CN113265988A (en) * | 2021-05-27 | 2021-08-17 | 广东粤源工程咨询有限公司 | Porous hedging energy dissipation structure for hydraulic structure and implementation method |
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