CN105132691B - A kind of method that metallic copper is extracted from waste printed circuit board - Google Patents

A kind of method that metallic copper is extracted from waste printed circuit board Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105132691B
CN105132691B CN201510610773.6A CN201510610773A CN105132691B CN 105132691 B CN105132691 B CN 105132691B CN 201510610773 A CN201510610773 A CN 201510610773A CN 105132691 B CN105132691 B CN 105132691B
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copper
circuit board
negative electrode
printed circuit
bath
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CN105132691A (en
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吕文涛
刘会群
马永梅
易丹青
岳琴
张京楠
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Ningbo Hengchuang Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Ningbo Tongdao Hengxin Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Institute of Chemistry CAS
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NINGBO TONGDAO HENGXIN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Ningbo Hengchuang Environmental Protection Technology Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

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  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method that metallic copper is extracted from waste printed circuit board, it comprises the following steps:(a)The superficial layer of waste printed circuit board is separated from its substrate;(b)Be negative electrode using the superficial layer as anode, titanium plate, copper-bath be electrolyte, connect dc source after formed open circuit electrolytic cell;(c)The spacing of regulation anode and negative electrode is 2 ~ 12cm, direct current power source voltage is 1 ~ 5V, the temperature of copper-bath is 25 ~ 50 DEG C, connects circuit and is electrolysed 0.5 ~ 5h, collects the copper obtained on negative electrode.Be negative electrode using superficial layer as anode, titanium plate, copper-bath be that electrolyte forms electrolytic cell, and accurately control electrolytic parameter, high-purity volume copper can be obtained on negative electrode, can be directly used for industrial production;And the copper-bath used can recycle, secondary pollution will not be caused to environment, because waste and old circuit board need not be crushed, not only simplify electrolysis process, the property of nonmetallic materials such as glass fibre is not damaged.

Description

A kind of method that metallic copper is extracted from waste printed circuit board
Technical field
The invention belongs to material recovery field, is related to a kind of method for extracting metallic copper, and in particular to a kind of from waste and old print The method that metallic copper is extracted in brush wiring board.
Background technology
Printed substrate(Printed circuit Bonds, PCBs)It is the base by resin and glass fiber material preparation Copper rivet and copper foil and electronic component on plate, substrate etc. are formed.Printed substrate be widely used in information, communication, The fields such as electronics, military affairs, space flight.With the continuous development of scientific technology and every field demand printed substrate continuous expansion Greatly, the quantity of caused waste printed circuit board also sharp increase.A variety of in one side waste printed circuit board poisonous have Evil material has to pass through recycling;Heavy metal element in another aspect waste printed circuit board substrate has high money again Source recycles value, is a kind of potential secondary resource.Therefore, rationally effective recovery waste printed circuit board to economical and Environmental protection suffers from important meaning.
At present, the technology for extracting metal from old circuit board both at home and abroad is mainly four kinds, i.e. mechanical treatment technology, Re Chu Reason technology, hydrometallurgical technology and biotechnology.
Mechanical treatment technology mainly using physical method, realizes waste printed circuit board metal and non-gold by broken first The dissociation of category, then metal and the difference of nonmetallic property contained by, are carried out these materials using different sorting methods Separation.The mechanical treatment technology of discarded circuit board has:Disassemble, crush, pneumatic separating, magnetic separation, screening, vortex sorting, electric separation etc.. The method can preferably separate to metal with nonmetallic realization, and its flow is simple, to environment without destruction, but will be to useless during sorting Old printed substrate substrate is crushed, and the purity of gained each component is not high after sorting, it is impossible to is directly recycled by industry.
Hydrometallurgical technology is that waste and old circuit board is handled with the acid of strong oxidizing property, then purifies the gold in leachate Belong to ion, metal is reclaimed using replacing or being electrolysed handling process.The shortcomings that this method is that the strong oxidizers such as the nitric acid used can be NO is discharged in processing procedureX, environment is polluted, and a large amount of waste liquids are generated, easily cause secondary pollution.In addition, with nitric acid, sulphur When the strong acid such as acid are to leach the metal in substrate, on the one hand substrate nonmetallic materials can occur to aoxidize and be destroyed;On the other hand The molecular structure that the metal ion of dissolving can also destroy nonmetallic materials on substrate makes the reduction of nonmetallic materials performance.
Heat treatment technics is that old circuit board is placed in high-temperature smelting pot to burn, and removes the inorganic components such as resin, Zhi Houzai Utilize the noble metal in pyrogenic process and electrolysis recovery lime-ash.Disadvantage of this method is that:It can produce in burning process and largely also have The smog of the noxious materials such as bioxin, furans and Polychlorinated biphenyls, secondary pollution and personal safety hidden danger be present.
Biotechnology is a kind of technology for carrying out specific absorption or cooperation to special metal ion using microorganism.This side Method technique is simple, running cost is low, easy to operate, but the cultivation fee of microorganism is longer with larger and process cycle.At present, bioanalysis Correlative study still in laboratory stage.
Hydrometallurgical technology and heat treatment technics grow up on the basis of metalliferous mineral smelting, technology more into Ripe, cost is relatively low, and recovery metal purity is higher.Relative to heat treatment technics, hydrometallurgical technology needs to consume a large amount of chemistry examinations The leaching of row metal is entered in agent, but technique is simply ripe, does not produce a large amount of toxic and harmful gas, and energy resource consumption is less, appropriate behaviour Make that the pollution to environment can be greatly reduced.For hydrometallurgical technology, the key problem in technology for extracting copper is the leaching aspect of copper And purity problem of copper of extraction etc..At present, the technology of conventional wet underwater welding copper is relatively cumbersome, is directed not only to the leaching of complexity The configuration of copper system solution, can also be in extraction copper such as the selection and consumption of complexing agent, strong oxidizer, extractant, strippant During produce a large amount of toxic and harmful gas pollution environment.
The content of the invention
One kind is provided the invention aims to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art gold is extracted from waste printed circuit board Belong to the method for copper.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:One kind extracts metal from waste printed circuit board The method of copper, it comprises the following steps:
(a)The superficial layer of waste printed circuit board is separated from its substrate;
(b)Be negative electrode using the superficial layer as anode, titanium plate, copper-bath be electrolyte, connect dc source after shape Into the electrolytic cell of open circuit;
(c)The spacing of regulation anode and negative electrode is 2 ~ 12cm, direct current power source voltage is 1 ~ 5V, the temperature of copper-bath is 25 ~ 50 DEG C, connect circuit and be electrolysed 0.5 ~ 5h, collect the copper obtained on negative electrode.
Optimally, the concentration of the copper-bath is 0.1 ~ 1mol/L.
Optimally, the copper-bath is obtained by the copper and sulfuric acid reaction obtained on negative electrode.
Because above-mentioned technical proposal is used, the present invention has following advantages compared with prior art:The present invention is from waste and old print The method that metallic copper is extracted in brush wiring board using superficial layer as anode, titanium plate is negative electrode, copper-bath is that electrolyte forms electricity Xie Chi, and electrolytic parameter is accurately controlled, high-purity volume copper can be obtained on negative electrode, can be directly used for industrial production;And make Copper-bath can recycle, and will not cause secondary pollution to environment, because waste and old circuit board need not be crushed, Not only simplify electrolysis process, the property of nonmetallic materials such as glass fibre is not damaged, expanded significantly secondly Secondary utilization scope.
Embodiment
The method that the present invention extracts metallic copper from waste printed circuit board, it comprises the following steps:(a)By waste and old printing The superficial layer of wiring board separates from its substrate;(b)Be negative electrode using the superficial layer as anode, titanium plate, copper-bath be electricity Liquid is solved, breaking electrolytic cell is formed after connecting dc source;(c)The spacing for adjusting anode and negative electrode is 2 ~ 12cm, dc source Voltage is 1 ~ 5V, the temperature of copper-bath is 25 ~ 50 DEG C, connects circuit and is electrolysed 0.5 ~ 5h, collects the copper obtained on negative electrode i.e. Can.Be negative electrode using superficial layer as anode, titanium plate, copper-bath be that electrolyte forms electrolytic cell, and accurately control electrolytic parameter, High-purity volume copper can be obtained on negative electrode, can be directly used for industrial production;And the copper-bath used can be circulated and made With will not cause secondary pollution to environment, because waste and old circuit board need not be crushed, not only simplify electrolysis process, also make The property of nonmetallic materials such as glass fibre is not damaged, and has expanded its secondary utilization scope significantly.Copper-bath Concentration is preferably 0.1 ~ 1mol/L, and copper-bath is obtained by the copper and sulfuric acid reaction obtained on negative electrode, can so save sulphur The dosage of sour copper, it is cost-effective, reduce the destruction to environment.
Step(a)In, it is by the specific method that the superficial layer of waste printed circuit board separates from its substrate:(S1)Take useless Abandon wiring board and carry out differential scanning calorimetry respectively(DSC)And thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)Test analyzes curve corresponding to obtaining, it is determined that Cracking temperature region;It should be noted that cracking temperature region needs to carry out comprehensive analysis according to DSC curve and TGA curves, it is first Component or the temperature range of material fast degradation in discarded circuit board are determined first with TGA curves, then according on DSC curve First main peak and second main peak determine cracking temperature region(Cracking temperature region is to second at first main peak peak value Main peak initially forms temperature range corresponding to place, preferably 300 ~ 450 DEG C);(S2)Tube furnace is warming up to the cracking temperature Any temperature in region, is continuously passed through inert gas(Inert gas flow can be adjusted according to actual process, as long as really It is not oxidized to protect discarded circuit board), sample is then pushed away into boat feeding effectively heating warm area and carries out insulation 10 ~ 60 minutes, directly Warpage occurs to metal level;(S3)Collection vessel is connected in the tube furnace exit, takes the gas discharged in pyrolytic process to enter Promoting the circulation of qi analysis of hplc, recovery scheme is determined according to gas chromatographic analysis result, recycled(Caused by pyrolytic process Pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil can be recovered, and carry out secondary use to make the energy or raw material, utilized with reaching the maximum of resource Change);(S4)After the discarded circuit board cooling after pyrolysis, glass fabric and metal level are peeled off;The surface so obtained Layer has higher quality, is advantageous to improve the yield of metallic copper.
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of method that metallic copper is extracted from waste printed circuit board, and it comprises the following steps:
(a)The superficial layer of waste printed circuit board is separated from its substrate;
(b)Be negative electrode using the superficial layer as anode, titanium plate, 0.1mol/L copper-baths be electrolyte, connect direct current The electrolytic cell of open circuit is formed after power supply;
(c)The spacing of regulation anode and negative electrode is 12cm, the temperature of direct current power source voltage 1V, copper-bath is 50 DEG C, circuit electrolysis 5h is connected, collects the copper obtained on negative electrode;Because electrolysis time is longer, treat that copper-bath concentration becomes After dilute, the copper that power taking solution obtains is added in sulfuric acid, is thermally formed copper-bath, is added in thinning previous solu, makes its dense Degree keeps being about 0.1mol/L.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of method that metallic copper is extracted from waste printed circuit board, and it comprises the following steps:
(a)The superficial layer of waste printed circuit board is separated from its substrate;
(b)Be negative electrode using the superficial layer as anode, titanium plate, 1mol/L copper-baths be electrolyte, connect direct current The electrolytic cell of open circuit is formed behind source;
(c)The spacing of regulation anode and negative electrode is 2cm, the temperature of direct current power source voltage 5V, copper-bath is 25 DEG C, Circuit electrolysis 0.5h is connected, collects the copper obtained on negative electrode.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of method that metallic copper is extracted from waste printed circuit board, and it comprises the following steps:
(a)The superficial layer of waste printed circuit board is separated from its substrate;
(b)Be negative electrode using the superficial layer as anode, titanium plate, 0.5mol/L copper-baths be electrolyte, connect direct current The electrolytic cell of open circuit is formed after power supply;
(c)The spacing of regulation anode and negative electrode is 5cm, the temperature of direct current power source voltage 3V, copper-bath is 30 DEG C, Circuit electrolysis 2h is connected, collects the copper obtained on negative electrode.
The above embodiments merely illustrate the technical concept and features of the present invention, and its object is to allow person skilled in the art Scholar can understand present disclosure and implement according to this, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, all according to the present invention The equivalent change or modification that Spirit Essence is made, it should all be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

  1. A kind of 1. method that metallic copper is extracted from waste printed circuit board, it is characterised in that it comprises the following steps:
    (a)The superficial layer of waste printed circuit board is separated from its substrate;
    (b)Be negative electrode using the superficial layer as anode, titanium plate, copper-bath be electrolyte, connect formed after dc source it is disconnected The electrolytic cell on road;
    (c)The spacing of regulation anode and negative electrode is 2 ~ 12cm, direct current power source voltage is 1 ~ 5V, the temperature of copper-bath be 25 ~ 50 DEG C, connect circuit and be electrolysed 0.5 ~ 5h, collect the copper obtained on negative electrode;
    Step(a)In, the superficial layer of waste printed circuit board is separated from its substrate and comprised the following steps:
    (S1)Take discarded circuit board carry out differential scanning calorimetry respectively and thermogravimetric analysis test to obtain corresponding to analysis curve, really Determine cracking temperature region:Comprehensive analysis is carried out according to differential calorimetry curve and thermal gravimetric analysis curve, first with the heat Weight analysis curve determines component or the temperature range of material fast degradation in discarded circuit board, then according to the differential scanning amount It is defined as the cracking temperature section to second main peak place of initially forming at first main peak peak value on heating curve;
    (S2)Tube furnace is warming up to any temperature in the cracking temperature region, is continuously passed through inert gas, then will examination Sample pushes away boat feeding effectively heating warm area and carries out insulation 10 ~ 60 minutes, until warpage occurs for metal level;
    (S3)Collection vessel is connected in the tube furnace exit, takes the gas discharged in pyrolytic process to carry out gas-chromatography point Analysis, determines recovery scheme according to gas chromatographic analysis result, is recycled;
    (S4)After the discarded circuit board cooling after pyrolysis, glass fabric and metal level are peeled off.
  2. 2. the method according to claim 1 that metallic copper is extracted from waste printed circuit board, it is characterised in that:The sulphur The concentration of sour copper solution is 0.1 ~ 1mol/L.
  3. 3. the method according to claim 1 that metallic copper is extracted from waste printed circuit board, it is characterised in that:The sulphur Sour copper solution is obtained by the copper and sulfuric acid reaction obtained on negative electrode.
CN201510610773.6A 2015-09-23 2015-09-23 A kind of method that metallic copper is extracted from waste printed circuit board Active CN105132691B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106676577B (en) * 2017-02-06 2019-03-22 中国科学院过程工程研究所 A method of recycling copper from waste and old circuit board
CN112439521B (en) * 2020-11-02 2022-08-16 安徽瀚中菲欧新材料有限公司 Copper recovery device of waste circuit board

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103388160A (en) * 2013-07-19 2013-11-13 北京科技大学 Method for preparation of ultrafine copper powder by waste circuit board copper dissolution-electrodeposition combined method

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103388160A (en) * 2013-07-19 2013-11-13 北京科技大学 Method for preparation of ultrafine copper powder by waste circuit board copper dissolution-electrodeposition combined method

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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悬浮电解法回收废旧电子印刷线路板中的铜;王哲 等;《环境工程学报》;20100131;第4卷(第1期);195-198 *
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Address after: Building 8, No. 1 and No. 2, No. 999 Haifeng North Road, Cidong Binhai District, Longshan Town, Cixi City, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, 315100

Patentee after: NINGBO HENGCHUANG ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd.

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Patentee after: INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

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