CN105124132B - A kind of method of albumen in ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction cold press sesame cake meal - Google Patents
A kind of method of albumen in ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction cold press sesame cake meal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to grease deep processing technology fields, and in particular to a kind of method of albumen in ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction cold press sesame cake meal, specially：Grease in sesame cake meal is recycled using subcritical abstraction, then crushes removal of impurities, alkalinity extraction sesame protein is assisted through ultrasonic wave twice, protein extract is centrifuged, supernatant acid is taken to sink albumen, centrifuging and taking albumen precipitation, ultrafiltration dry obtains sesame protein finished product.Compared with traditional alkali extraction-acid precipitation, the method for the present invention has many advantages, such as that product quality is high, pollution is small, efficient.Fats and oils processing by-product low temperature sesame cake meal is produced as the sesame protein of high added value by the method for the present invention, is both realized comprehensive utilization of resources, is also increased economic benefit, has positive social and economic significance.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Oil processing byproduct comprehensive utilizations and vegetable protein extractive technique field, and in particular to one kind is adopted
Mild alkaline treatment cold press sesame cake meal is assisted with ultrasonic wave, and through acid is heavy, alcohol is washed, UF membrane obtains the side of albumen in sesame cake meal
Method.
Background technology
China is sesame production and consumption big country, and China's Sesame Seed Yield in 2013 is 590,000 tons, since supply falls short of demand, every year
It need to be from external 400,000 tons or so of import sesame.At present, the sesame in China 80% is for extracting oil, the annual sesame for generating 500,000 tons or more
Numb grouts.Sesame protein is one of main component in sesame cake meal, accounts for about 50%.Sesame protein nutritive value is higher, required
Amino acid content accounts for the 30% of total amino acid total amount, it is necessary to which amino acid is except lysine with isoleucine content less than FAO/WHO marks
Accurate outer, other amino acid can meet human body requirements.In addition, numerous studies prove：Hydrolysis sesame protein can generate antioxygen
Change peptide, ace inhibitory peptide, chelated mineral peptide isoreactivity peptide.Therefore, sesame protein has extensive in food, drug, cosmetic field
Application prospect, be have processing and utilization be worth protein resource.
The production technology of traditional sesame protein is that alkali soluble acid sinks, i.e. the property using sesame protein based on alkali-soluble protein,
Using alkaline solution（More than pH10）Sesame protein is extracted from grouts, subsequent centrifuging and taking supernatant, adding in acid solution will
Its pH drops to sesame protein isoelectric point, obtains sesame protein.Although this method has the advantages that simple for process, production capacity is big,
But the quality of sesame protein was both reduced in producing using strong acid and strong base, equipment has been also increased and is invested with pollution treatment.It is therefore, it is necessary to right
Above-mentioned technique is improved and reforms.
Invention content
Present invention aims to overcome that prior art defect, provides a kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction cold press sesame cake meal
The method of middle albumen, this method have many advantages, such as that production efficiency is high, environmentally protective, product purity is high.
To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
The method of albumen, includes the following steps in a kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction cold press sesame cake meal：
1）The subcritical de-oiling pretreatment of cold press sesame cake meal：
Cold press sesame cake meal is crushed, after pack, be put into subcritical abstraction tank, added in liquefaction organic solvent and face as Asia
Boundary's fluid is extracted, and is extracted to Residual oil in grouts and is less than 1%, then vacuum distillation removes remaining liquefaction organic solvent, removes
The sesame cake meal of liquefaction organic solvent is spare；
Wherein, cold press sesame cake meal is crushed to 20-60 mesh.Sack can be Nylon Bag, cotton bag, cloth bag, and mesh number exists
It is more than 200 mesh；The condition of vacuum distillation is specially：In-0.08-- 0.12 MPa, 40-70 DEG C of 20-100 min of distillation.
2）Sesame protein extracts：
a：By step 1）Gained sesame cake meal is crushed to 80-160 mesh, adds in salting liquid and is made into 5-15%（w/v）It is outstanding
PH value is simultaneously adjusted to 7.0-10.0 by turbid, is then transferred in circulating ultrasonic wave extraction instrument, in 200-800 rpm mixing speeds
Under terminate in 30-50 DEG C of 20-50 min of first time ultrasonic extraction, ultrasonic extraction, centrifuge（It is preferred that 3000-5000 rpm from
20-40 min of the heart）, supernatant is taken, it is spare；
b：Centrifugation gained precipitation in step a is added in salting liquid and is made into solid content 10-20%（w/v）It is suspended
Liquid, and pH value is adjusted to 7.0-10.0, is then transferred to again in circulating ultrasonic wave extraction instrument, with first time ultrasonic extraction
Second of ultrasonic extraction is carried out in the case that condition is identical, ultrasonic extraction terminates, centrifugation（It is preferred that 3000-5000 rpm are centrifuged
20—40 min）, supernatant is taken, it is spare；
c：Merge supernatant obtained by step a and b, system pH is adjusted to 4.0-5.0 by acid adding, stands 30-60 min, centrifugation
（It is preferred that 3000-5000 rpm centrifuge 30-50 min）, sesame protein precipitation is collected, it is spare；
Wherein, it can be sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide etc. to adjust the alkali used in pH, acid used can be hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid,
Phosphoric acid, acetic acid etc.；The concentration of soda acid is advisable in 1-5 mol/L.
3）Sesame protein purifies
Sesame protein precipitation plus water obtained by step c are made into 2-6%（w/v）Suspension, and pH is adjusted to 6.8-
7.2, ultra-filtration and separation is concentrated by ultrafiltration liquid and obtains sesame protein product after drying.
Specifically, step 1）In, the liquefaction organic solvent is butane, propane or butane and the mixture of propane；It is sub-
Extraction conditions in critical extractor is：30-60 DEG C extract 3-5 times, and each extraction time is 20-40 min, cold per 1kg
Squeezing sesame cake meal addition 2-5L liquefaction organic solvents is advisable.
In step b and c, the salting liquid is the sodium-chloride water solution of 0.2-0.8 mol/L of concentration.
Step 2）A and b in, condition during ultrasonic wave extraction：The ultrasonic frequency used is 20 KHz, 40 KHz, 59
KHz or 20 KHz and 40 KHz or 20 KHz and 59 KHz or 40 KHz and 59 KHz, ultrasonic wave working method are pulse
Type, working time are 3-1 with intermittent time ratio：1.Ultrasonic intensity is every liter of 80-400 W of solution effects.
Step 3）In, to improve ultrafiltration effect, using two times of ultrafiltration, will concentrate obtained by first time ultrafiltration add water again
It is diluted to 2-6% progress second ultrafiltration；In ultra-filtration process, using the ultrafiltration membrane of 5000-10000 Da of molecular cut off, surpass
Filter operating pressure is 0.2-0.5 MPa, and operation temperature is 20-40 DEG C.
Step 3）In, drying mode can be vacuum drying, vacuum freeze drying or spray drying etc.；Vacuum drying behaviour
It is as condition：The MPa of pressure-0.08-- 0.10,45-65 DEG C of temperature；The operating condition of vacuum freeze drying is：Temperature-
40— -60 oC；The operating condition of spray drying is：4-8 % solid concentrations, 160-200 DEG C of inlet temperature, outlet temperature
It is 60-80 DEG C to spend, pressure 1.2-1.6 MPa.
Step 3）In, after supernatant obtained by permeate and step the c centrifugation that ultra-filtration and separation obtains merges, plate-frame filtering removes
Suspended matter, add in again salting liquid be made into 10-20% suspension and adjust pH to 7.0-10.0 and be reused for sesame protein
Extraction.
Ultrasonic wave assisted extraction is a kind of new industry extracting method, it utilizes the mechanical effect of ultrasonic wave, cavitation
Effect and fuel factor improve the extraction of target substance by increasing the movement velocity of medium molecule, the penetration power of increase medium
Efficiency.The present invention is combined by ultrasonic wave assisted extraction and UF membrane, under conditions of soda acid usage amount and sewage discharge is reduced,
Produce high-quality sesame protein.Compared with traditional alkali extraction-acid precipitation, present invention process reduce chemical reagent usage amount and
Sewage discharge shortens the production time, improves product quality.The method of the present invention improves the profit of sesame processing byproduct grouts
With rate, while albumen source is increased, machining chain is extended, increases value-added content of product, there is positive social economy
Value.
Compared with traditional alkali soluble acid sinks, with having the beneficial effect that the advantages of the method for the present invention：
1st, ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction sesame protein since extraction conditions are mild and use chemical reagent few, is improving
While sesame protein quality, equipment anticorrosion and pollution treatment cost are also reduced.
2nd, desalination is carried out to sesame protein using UF membrane in the present invention, it is energy-efficient and pollution-free；Meanwhile by UF membrane
The processing of permeate and centrifuged supernatant after be reused for protein extraction, improve the utilization rate of water resource.
3rd, sesame protein denaturation produced by the invention is less, purity is high, quality is good, can be applied to drug, food, cosmetics etc.
Field.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the process flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the sesame protein product obtained using the method for the present invention, and in figure, (a) obtains sesame protein precipitation for centrifugation,
（b）For the sesame protein powder after vacuum freeze drying.
Specific embodiment
Technical scheme of the present invention is further discussed in detail with reference to embodiments, but protection scope of the present invention
It is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1：
The method of albumen, includes the following steps in a kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction cold press sesame cake meal：
1）The subcritical de-oiling pretreatment of cold press sesame cake meal：
10 kg of cold press sesame cake meal is taken, is crushed to 40 mesh, after being fitted into Nylon Bag, is put into subcritical abstraction tank, according to
Solid-liquid ratio is 1kg：4L adds in liquefied butane and is extracted as subcritical fluids, is extracted to Residual oil in grouts and is less than 1%（40
DEG C extraction 3 times, every time extract 30 min）.Then 60 min are evaporated under reduced pressure at -0.10 MPa, 50 DEG C and remove remaining liquefaction
Butane, the sesame cake meal for removing liquefied butane are spare；
2）Sesame protein extracts：
a：Take 1 kg steps 1）Gained sesame cake meal is crushed to 80 mesh, then adds in the sodium chloride water of 9 L, 0.3 mol/L
Solution, and pH is adjusted to 9.5 with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxides, it then continues in circulating ultrasonic wave extraction instrument, in 400 rpm
Under the conditions of mixing speed, 35 DEG C of temperature, using mode associated with 20 KHz and 40KHz ultrasonic waves（20 KHz and 40 KHz ultrasounds
Wave power is 900 W, wherein 40 KHz ultrasonic wave single working times and intermittent time are 10 s and 5 s）Ultrasound for the first time
Extract 30 min.After ultrasound, 4000 rpm centrifuge 30 min, collect extraction supernatant for the first time, spare.
b：Centrifugation gained precipitation quality in step a is weighed, 0.3 mol/L sodium-chloride water solutions is added in and is made into 15%（w/v）'s
Suspension, and adjusted pH to 9.5 with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxides, it then continues in circulating ultrasonic wave extraction instrument.With first
Second of ultrasonic extraction is carried out in the case that secondary ultrasonic extraction conditions are identical, ultrasonic extraction terminates, and 4000 rpm centrifuge 30 min,
Second of extraction supernatant is collected, it is spare；
c：Merge supernatant obtained by step a and b, acid adding（3 mol/L hydrochloric acid）System pH is adjusted to 4.3, stands 30min,
5000 rpm centrifuge 30min, collect sesame protein precipitation, spare；
3）Sesame protein purifies
Sesame protein precipitation plus water obtained by step c are made into 3%（w/v）Suspension, and pH is adjusted to 7.0,25 DEG C of room temperature
Under, ultra-filtration and separation（Ultrafiltration is carried out with 0.30 Mpa operating pressures with the ultrafiltration membrane that molecular cut off is 10000 Da）, work as concentration
During to a concentration of 15 %, water is added to be diluted to 3% again, the same terms carry out second of ultrafiltration.Concentrate obtained by second of ultrafiltration in
65 DEG C, -0.10 Mpa be dried in vacuo, finally obtain 398.56 g white sesame protein powders, purity of protein 86.5%.
After the permeate that ultra-filtration and separation obtains can merge with step c centrifugation gained supernatants, plate-frame filtering, which removes, to suspend
Object adds in 0.3 mol/L sodium-chloride water solutions and is made into 15%（w/v）Suspension and adjust pH to 9.5 and be reused for sesame protein
Extraction.
The assay method of purity of protein uses Kjeldahl's method, the measure of Protein in Food（GB 5009.5-2010）.
Embodiment 2：
The method of albumen, includes the following steps in a kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction cold press sesame cake meal：
1）The subcritical de-oiling pretreatment of cold press sesame cake meal：
15 kg of cold press sesame cake meal is taken, is crushed to 40 mesh, after being fitted into Nylon Bag, is put into subcritical abstraction tank, according to
Solid-liquid ratio is 1kg：3L adds in liquefied propane and is extracted as subcritical fluids, is extracted to Residual oil in grouts and is less than 1%（40
DEG C extraction 5 times, every time extract 30 min）.Then 80 min are evaporated under reduced pressure at -0.10 MPa, 60 DEG C and remove remaining liquefaction
Propane, the sesame cake meal for removing liquefied propane are spare；
2）Sesame protein extracts：
a：Take 1 kg steps 1）Gained sesame cake meal is crushed to 120 mesh, then adds in the sodium chloride water of 9 L, 0.6 mol/L
Solution, and pH is adjusted to 10.0 with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxides, it then continues in circulating ultrasonic wave extraction instrument, in 600 rpm
Under the conditions of mixing speed, 30 DEG C of temperature, using mode associated with 20 KHz and 59KHz ultrasonic waves（20 KHz and 59 KHz ultrasounds
Wave power is respectively 800 and 1200W, wherein 59 KHz ultrasonic wave single working times and intermittent time are 12 s and 4 s）First
Secondary 25 min of ultrasonic extraction.After ultrasound, 4500 rpm centrifuge 30 min, collect extraction supernatant for the first time, spare.
b：Centrifugation gained precipitation quality in step a is weighed, 0.6 mol/L sodium-chloride water solutions is added in and is made into 15%（w/v）'s
Suspension, and adjusted pH to 10.0 with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxides, it then continues in circulating ultrasonic wave extraction instrument.With
Second of ultrasonic extraction is carried out in the case that one time ultrasonic extraction conditions are identical, ultrasonic extraction terminates, 4500 rpm centrifugations 30
Min collects second of extraction supernatant, spare；
c：Merge supernatant obtained by step a and b, acid adding（3 mol/L hydrochloric acid）System pH is adjusted to 4.5, stands 60min,
5000 rpm centrifuge 30min, collect sesame protein precipitation（See a in Fig. 2）, it is spare；
3）Sesame protein purifies
Sesame protein precipitation plus water obtained by step c are made into 2%（w/v）Suspension, and pH is adjusted to 7.0,30 DEG C of room temperature
Under, ultra-filtration and separation（Ultrafiltration is carried out with 0.40 Mpa operating pressures with the ultrafiltration membrane that molecular cut off is 8000 Da）, when being concentrated to
When a concentration of 12%, water is added to be diluted to 2% again, the same terms carry out second of ultrafiltration.Concentrate is in -60 obtained by second of ultrafiltration
DEG C carry out vacuum freeze drying, finally obtain 429.34 g white sesame protein powders（See b in Fig. 2）, purity of protein 86.8%.
Embodiment 3：
The method of albumen, includes the following steps in a kind of ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction cold press sesame cake meal：
1）The subcritical de-oiling pretreatment of cold press sesame cake meal：
10 kg of cold press sesame cake meal is taken, is crushed to 20 mesh, after being fitted into cloth bag, is put into subcritical abstraction tank, according to material
Liquor ratio is 1kg：4L adds in liquefied butane and is extracted as subcritical fluids, is extracted to Residual oil in grouts and is less than 1%（At 40 DEG C
Extraction 5 times extracts 30 min every time）.Then 90 min are evaporated under reduced pressure at -0.10 MPa, 65 DEG C and remove remaining liquefaction fourth
Alkane, the sesame cake meal for removing liquefied butane are spare；
2）Sesame protein extracts：
a：Take 0.5 kg steps 1）Gained sesame cake meal is crushed to 160 mesh, then adds in the chlorination of 0.5 mol/L of 9.5L
Sodium water solution, and pH is adjusted to 9.0 with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxides, it then continues in circulating ultrasonic wave extraction instrument, 500
Under the conditions of rpm mixing speeds, 40 DEG C of temperature, using 40 KHz ultrasonic waves（40 KHz ultrasonic powers be 1800W, ultrasonic wave list
Task time and intermittent time are 10s and 10s）30 min of first time ultrasonic extraction.After ultrasound, 5000 rpm centrifugations 20
Min collects extraction supernatant for the first time, spare.
b：Centrifugation gained precipitation quality in step a is weighed, 0.5 mol/L sodium-chloride water solutions is added in and is made into 15%（w/v）'s
Suspension, and adjusted pH to 9.0 with 1 mol/L sodium hydroxides, it then continues in circulating ultrasonic wave extraction instrument.With first
Second of ultrasonic extraction is carried out in the case that secondary ultrasonic extraction conditions are identical, ultrasonic extraction terminates, and 5000 rpm centrifuge 20 min,
Second of extraction supernatant is collected, it is spare；
c：Merge supernatant obtained by step a and b, acid adding（3 mol/L hydrochloric acid）System pH is adjusted to 4.4, is stored at room temperature
60min, 5000 rpm centrifuge 30min, collect sesame protein precipitation, spare；
3）Sesame protein purifies
Sesame protein precipitation plus water obtained by step c are made into 2%（w/v）Suspension, and pH is adjusted to 7.0,30 DEG C of room temperature
Under, ultra-filtration and separation（Ultrafiltration is carried out with 0.50 Mpa operating pressures with the ultrafiltration membrane that molecular cut off is 5000 Da）, when being concentrated to
When a concentration of 8%, water is added to be diluted to 2% again, the same terms carry out second of ultrafiltration.Concentrate is through spraying obtained by second of ultrafiltration
It is dry（180 DEG C of solid concentration 8%, inlet temperature, 80 DEG C of outlet temperature, 1.6 MPa of pressure）, it is white to finally obtain 174.27 g
Color sesame protein powder, purity of protein 86.65%.
Compared with traditional alkali extraction-acid precipitation, the method for the present invention has many advantages, such as that product quality is high, pollution is small, efficient.
Fats and oils processing by-product low temperature sesame cake meal is produced as the sesame protein of high added value by the method for the present invention, and it is comprehensive both to have realized resource
It closes and utilizes, also increase economic benefit, there is positive social and economic significance.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of method of albumen in ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction cold press sesame cake meal, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1）The subcritical de-oiling pretreatment of cold press sesame cake meal：
Cold press sesame cake meal is crushed, after pack, be put into subcritical abstraction tank, add in liquefaction organic solvent as sub-critical flow
Body is extracted, and is extracted to Residual oil in grouts and is less than 1%, then vacuum distillation removes remaining liquefaction organic solvent, removes liquefaction
The sesame cake meal of organic solvent is spare；
2）Sesame protein extracts：
a：By step 1）Gained sesame cake meal is crushed to 80-160 mesh, adds in salting liquid and is made into solid content 5-15%
PH value is simultaneously adjusted to 7.0-10.0 by suspension, is then transferred in circulating ultrasonic wave extraction instrument, and speed is stirred in 200-800rpm
Terminate under degree in 30-50 DEG C of first time 20-50min of ultrasonic extraction, ultrasonic extraction, centrifuge, take supernatant, it is spare；
b：Centrifugation gained precipitation it will add in salting liquid in step a and be made into the suspension of solid content 10-20%, and by pH value
7.0-10.0 are adjusted to, is then transferred in circulating ultrasonic wave extraction instrument, in the case of identical with first time ultrasonic extraction conditions
Second of ultrasonic extraction is carried out, ultrasonic extraction terminates, and centrifugation takes supernatant, spare；
c：Merge supernatant obtained by step a and b, system pH is adjusted to 4.0-5.0 by acid adding, stands 30-60min, is centrifuged, and is collected
Sesame protein precipitates, spare；
3）Sesame protein purifies
Sesame protein precipitation plus water obtained by step c is made into 2-6% suspension, and pH is adjusted to 6.8-7.2, ultra-filtration and separation,
Liquid is concentrated by ultrafiltration and obtains sesame protein product after drying；
Step 2）A and b in, condition during ultrasonic wave extraction：The ultrasonic frequency used for 20KHz, 40KHz, 59KHz or
20KHz and 40KHz or 20KHz and 59KHz or 40KHz and 59KHz, ultrasonic wave working method be impulse type, the working time
It is 3-1 with intermittent time ratio：1；
Step 3）In, to improve ultrafiltration effect, using two times of ultrafiltration, will concentrate obtained by first time ultrafiltration be diluted with water again
Second ultrafiltration is carried out to 2-6%；In ultra-filtration process, using the ultrafiltration membrane of 5000-10000Da of molecular cut off, ultrafiltration pressure
Power is 0.2-0.5MPa, and operation temperature is 20-40 DEG C；
In step a and b, the salting liquid is the sodium-chloride water solution of 0.2-0.8mol/L of concentration.
2. the method for albumen in ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction cold press sesame cake meal as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Rapid 1）In, the liquefaction organic solvent is butane, propane or butane and the mixture of propane；Extraction in subcritical abstraction tank
The condition is taken to be：30-60 DEG C extract 3-5 times, and each extraction time is 20-40min, per 1kg cold press sesame cake meal addition 2-
5L liquefaction organic solvents.
3. the method for albumen in ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction cold press sesame cake meal as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Step 3）In, drying mode is vacuum drying, vacuum freeze drying or spray drying；Vacuum drying operating condition is：Pressure-
0.08-- 0.10MPa, 45-65 DEG C of temperature；The operating condition of vacuum freeze drying is：Temperature-40 -- 60 DEG C；Spray drying
Operating condition be：4-8% solid concentration, 160-200 DEG C of inlet temperature, outlet temperature are 60-80 DEG C, pressure 1.2-
1.6MPa。
4. the method for albumen in ultrasonic wave auxiliary weak base extraction cold press sesame cake meal as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
Rapid 3）In, after supernatant obtained by permeate and step the c centrifugation that ultra-filtration and separation obtains merges, plate-frame filtering removes suspended matter, then
Secondary addition salting liquid, which is made into 10-20% suspension and adjusts pH to 7.0-10.0, is reused for sesame protein extraction.
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| CN105541964B (en) * | 2016-03-04 | 2019-05-17 | 河南省农业科学院 | A method of preparing sesame 11S albumen from cold press sesame cake meal |
| CN108157582B (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2021-04-13 | 河南省农业科学院 | Method for improving gel property of sesame protein by immobilized enzyme modification |
| CN110357938B (en) * | 2019-08-30 | 2021-05-04 | 中国热带农业科学院香料饮料研究所 | Method for extracting protein from jack fruit seeds |
| CN111387338A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-10 | 上海辰钿实业有限公司 | Preparation method of pepper seed active protein peptide |
| CN111363001A (en) * | 2020-04-08 | 2020-07-03 | 上海辰钿实业有限公司 | Continuous preparation process of pepper seed protein |
| KR20220000235A (en) * | 2020-06-25 | 2022-01-03 | 주식회사 쿠엔즈버킷 | A method for preparing extract from sesame oil meal and food composition for preventing or improving colitis comprising the same as an active ingredient |
| CN115191510A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-10-18 | 中国农业大学 | Low-temperature preparation method of pumpkin seed protein isolate and obtained product |
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